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Lahm ME, Bartlett MA, Liang T, Pu L, Allen WD, Schaefer HF. The multichannel i-propyl + O2 reaction system: A model of secondary alkyl radical oxidation. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:024305. [PMID: 37428067 DOI: 10.1063/5.0156705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The i-propyl + O2 reaction mechanism has been investigated by definitive quantum chemical methods to establish this system as a benchmark for the combustion of secondary alkyl radicals. Focal point analyses extrapolating to the ab initio limit were performed based on explicit computations with electron correlation treatments through coupled cluster single, double, triple, and quadruple excitations and basis sets up to cc-pV5Z. The rigorous coupled cluster single, double, and triple excitations/cc-pVTZ level of theory was used to fully optimize all reaction species and transition states, thus, removing some substantial flaws in reference geometries existing in the literature. The vital i-propylperoxy radical (MIN1) and its concerted elimination transition state (TS1) were found 34.8 and 4.4 kcal mol-1 below the reactants, respectively. Two β-hydrogen transfer transition states (TS2, TS2') lie above the reactants by (1.4, 2.5) kcal mol-1 and display large Born-Oppenheimer diagonal corrections indicative of nearby surface crossings. An α-hydrogen transfer transition state (TS5) is discovered 5.7 kcal mol-1 above the reactants that bifurcates into equivalent α-peroxy radical hanging wells (MIN3) prior to a highly exothermic dissociation into acetone + OH. The reverse TS5 → MIN1 intrinsic reaction path also displays fascinating features, including another bifurcation and a conical intersection of potential energy surfaces. An exhaustive conformational search of two hydroperoxypropyl (QOOH) intermediates (MIN2 and MIN3) of the i-propyl + O2 system located nine rotamers within 0.9 kcal mol-1 of the corresponding lowest-energy minima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell E Lahm
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Marcus A Bartlett
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Tao Liang
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Liang Pu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wesley D Allen
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
- Allen Heritage Foundation, Dickson, Tennessee 37055, USA
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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2
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Bergmeister S, Ganner L, Locher J, Zappa F, Scheier P, Gruber E. Spectroscopy of helium-tagged molecular ions-Development of a novel experimental setup. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:055105. [PMID: 37191466 DOI: 10.1063/5.0144239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we present an efficient and alternative method to the commonly used RF-multipole trap technique to produce He-tagged molecular ions at cryogenic temperatures, which are perfectly suitable for messenger spectroscopy. The seeding of dopant ions in multiply charged helium nanodroplets, in combination with a gentle extraction of the latter from the helium matrix, enables the efficient production of He-tagged ion species. With a quadrupole mass filter, a specific ion of interest is selected, merged with a laser beam, and the photoproducts are measured in a time-of-flight mass-spectrometer. The detection of the photofragment signal from a basically zero background is much more sensitive than the depletion of the same amount of signal from precursor ions, delivering high quality spectra at reduced data acquisition times. Proof-of-principle measurements of bare and He-tagged Ar-cluster ions, as well as of He-tagged C60 ions, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bergmeister
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lisa Ganner
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Locher
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabio Zappa
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Scheier
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Gruber
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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3
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Mendolicchio M, Bloino J, Barone V. Perturb-Then-Diagonalize Vibrational Engine Exploiting Curvilinear Internal Coordinates. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:7603-7619. [PMID: 36322968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present paper is devoted to the implementation and validation of a second-order perturbative approach to anharmonic vibrations, followed by variational treatment of strong couplings (GVPT2) based on curvilinear internal coordinates. The main difference with respect to the customary Cartesian-based formulation is that the kinetic energy operator is no longer diagonal, and has to be expanded as well, leading to additional terms which have to be taken into proper account. It is, however, possible to recast all the equations as well-defined generalizations of the corresponding Cartesian-based counterparts, thus achieving a remarkable simplification of the new implementation. Particular attention is paid to the treatment of Fermi resonances with significant number of test cases analyzed fully, validating the new implementation. The results obtained in this work confirm that curvilinear coordinates strongly reduce the strength of inter-mode couplings compared to their Cartesian counterparts. This increases the reliability of low-order perturbative treatments for semi-rigid molecules and paves the way toward the reliable representation of more flexible molecules where small- and large-amplitude motions can be safely decoupled and treated at different levels of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mendolicchio
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo S. Marcellino 10, Napoli I-80138, Italy
| | - Julien Bloino
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, Pisa I-56126, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, Pisa I-56126, Italy
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4
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Albertini S, Gruber E, Zappa F, Krasnokutski S, Laimer F, Scheier P. Chemistry and physics of dopants embedded in helium droplets. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:529-567. [PMID: 33993543 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Helium droplets represent a cold inert matrix, free of walls with outstanding properties to grow complexes and clusters at conditions that are perfect to simulate cold and dense regions of the interstellar medium. At sub-Kelvin temperatures, barrierless reactions triggered by radicals or ions have been observed and studied by optical spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The present review summarizes developments of experimental techniques and methods and recent results they enabled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Albertini
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Gruber
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabio Zappa
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Serge Krasnokutski
- Laboratory Astrophysics Group of the MPI for Astronomy, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Felix Laimer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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5
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Nejad A, Meyer KAE, Kollipost F, Xue Z, Suhm MA. Slow monomer vibrations in formic acid dimer: Stepping up the ladder with FTIR and Raman jet spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:224301. [PMID: 34911308 DOI: 10.1063/5.0075272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to extend the cold gas phase spectroscopic database of the cyclic formic acid dimer (FAD), we present and analyze the jet-cooled vibrational infrared and Raman spectrum of (HCOOH)2 in the monomer fingerprint region between 600 and 1500 cm-1. The present study bridges the gap between the intermolecular dimerization-induced and the carbonyl stretching fundamentals that have already been reexamined using jet-cooled or high-resolution spectroscopy. This completes the characterization of the jet-cooled vibrational (HCOOH)2 spectrum below the complex OH (CH) stretching fundamentals, and we report resonance-induced FAD combination/overtone transitions that will serve as a valuable reference for a theoretical modeling of its vibrational dynamics. As a by-product, several new formic acid trimer fundamentals are identified in the jet spectra and assigned with the help of second-order vibrational perturbation theory (VPT2). The polar formic acid dimer still eludes detection in a supersonic jet, but we are able to estimate an experimental upper-bound of the polar dimer-to-trimer-to-cyclic dimer intensity ratio to about 1:10:100 under typical expansion conditions. Using VPT2 with resonance treatment (VPT2+K), we reinvestigate the notorious ν22 resonance triad. Generally, we find that VPT2, which is, of course, inadequate for modeling the resonance-rich OH stretching spectrum of FAD, is performing very satisfactorily in predicting fundamental and two-quantum state term values for the slower modes below 1500 cm-1. As these modes are the building blocks for the ultrafast energy dissipation in the OH stretching region, the present work opens the door for its quantitative understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Nejad
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg August University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina A E Meyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg August University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franz Kollipost
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg August University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhifeng Xue
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg August University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin A Suhm
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg August University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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6
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Pandey R, Tran S, Zhang J, Yao Y, Kong W. Bimodal velocity and size distributions of pulsed superfluid helium droplet beams. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:134303. [PMID: 33832230 PMCID: PMC8018796 DOI: 10.1063/5.0047158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report detailed measurements of velocities and sizes of superfluid helium droplets produced from an Even-Lavie pulse valve at stagnation pressures of 20-60 atm and temperatures between 5.7 and 18.0 K. By doping neutral droplets with Rhodamine 6G cations produced from an electrospray ionization source and detecting the positively charged droplets at two different locations along the beam path, we determine the velocities of the different groups of droplets. By subjecting the doped droplet beam to a retardation field, size distributions can then be analyzed. We discover that at stagnation temperatures above 8.0 K, a single group of droplets is observed at both locations, but at 8.0 K and below, two different groups of droplets with different velocities are detectable. The slower group, considered from fragmentation of liquid helium, cannot be deterred by the retardation voltage at 9 kV, implying an exceedingly large size. The faster group, considered from condensation of gaseous helium, has a bimodal distribution when the stagnation temperatures are below 12.3 K at 20 and 40 atm, or 16.1 K at 60 atm. We also report similar size measurements using low energy electrons for impact ionization, and this latter method can be used for facile in situ characterization of pulsed droplet beams. The mechanism of the bimodal size distribution of the condensation group and the reason for the coexistence of both the condensation and fragmentation groups remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, USA
| | - Steven Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, USA
| | - Yuzhong Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, USA
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, USA
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7
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Franke PR, Stanton JF, Douberly GE. How to VPT2: Accurate and Intuitive Simulations of CH Stretching Infrared Spectra Using VPT2+K with Large Effective Hamiltonian Resonance Treatments. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1301-1324. [PMID: 33506678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article primarily discusses the utility of vibrational perturbation theory for the prediction of X-H stretching vibrations with particular focus on the specific variant, second-order vibrational perturbation theory with resonances (VPT2+K). It is written as a tutorial, reprinting most important formulas and providing numerous simple examples. It discusses the philosophy and practical considerations behind vibrational simulations with VPT2+K, including but not limited to computational method selection, cost-saving approximations, approaches to evaluating intensity, resonance identification, and effective Hamiltonian structure. Particular attention is given to resonance treatments, beginning with simple Fermi dyads and gradually progressing to arbitrarily large polyads that describe both Fermi and Darling-Dennison resonances. VPT2+K combined with large effective Hamiltonians is shown to be a reliable framework for modeling the complicated CH stretching spectra of alkenes. An error is also corrected in the published analytic formula for the VPT2 transition moment between the vibrational ground state and triply excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Franke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - John F Stanton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Gary E Douberly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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8
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Araújo JR, de Andrade RB, Batista HJ, Ventura E, do Monte SA. Can a gas phase contact ion pair containing a hydrocarbon carbocation be formed in the ground state? RSC Adv 2021; 11:4221-4230. [PMID: 35424376 PMCID: PMC8694316 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10523f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, no conclusive evidence of a ground-state contact ion-pair containing a hydrocarbon carbocation has been given in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R. Araújo
- Departamento de Química
- CCEN
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba
- João Pessoa
- Brazil
| | | | - Hélcio J. Batista
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
- Recife
- Brazil
| | - Elizete Ventura
- Departamento de Química
- CCEN
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba
- João Pessoa
- Brazil
| | - Silmar A. do Monte
- Departamento de Química
- CCEN
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba
- João Pessoa
- Brazil
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9
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Tiefenthaler L, Ončák M, Kollotzek S, Kočišek J, Scheier P. Dissociation of Valine Cluster Cations. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:8439-8445. [PMID: 32931273 PMCID: PMC7569673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Independently
of the preparation method, for cluster cations of
aliphatic amino acids, the protonated form MnH+ is always the dominant species. This is a surprising
fact considering that in the gas phase, they dissociate primarily
by the loss of 45 Da, i.e., the loss of the carboxylic group. In the
present study, we explore the dissociation dynamics of small valine
cluster cations Mn+ and their protonated counterparts MnH+ via collision-induced dissociation
experiments and ab initio calculations with the aim to elucidate the
formation of MnH+-type cations
from amino acid clusters. For the first time, we report the preparation
of valine cluster cations Mn+ in laboratory conditions, using
a technique of cluster ion assembly inside He droplets. We show that
the Mn+ cations cooled down to He droplet temperature can dissociate
to form both Mn-1H+ and
[Mn–COOH]+ ions. With
increasing internal energy, the Mn-1H+ formation channel becomes dominant. Mn-1H+ ions then fragment nearly exclusively
by monomer loss, describing the high abundance of protonated clusters
in the mass spectra of amino acid clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Tiefenthaler
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kollotzek
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Jaroslav Kočišek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, Prague 18223, Czech Republic
| | - Paul Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
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10
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Wagner JP. An Intramolecular Hydrogen-Shift in a Peroxy Radical at Cryogenic Temperatures: The Reaction of 2-Hydroxyphenyl Radical with O 2. Chemistry 2020; 26:12119-12124. [PMID: 32427391 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Peroxy radical hydrogen-shifts are pivotal elementary reaction steps in the oxidation of small hydrocarbons in autoignition and the lower atmosphere. Although these reactions are typically associated with a substantial barrier, we demonstrate that the [1,5]H-shift in the peroxy species derived from the 2-hydroxyphenyl radical 1 is so facile that it even proceeds rapidly in an argon matrix at 35 K through a proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism. Hydrogen-bound complexes of o-benzoquinone are identified as the main reaction products by infrared spectroscopy although their formation through O-O bond scission is hampered by a barrier of 11.9 kcal mol-1 at the ROCCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ/UB3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Philipp Wagner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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11
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Guo H, Yang X, Zwier T. Virtual Issue on Combustion Chemistry. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5995-5996. [PMID: 32698590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Franke PR, Duncan MA, Douberly GE. Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy and anharmonic vibrational study of the HO 4 + molecular ion. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:174309. [PMID: 32384862 DOI: 10.1063/5.0005975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular cations of HO4 + and DO4 + are produced in a supersonic expansion. They are mass-selected, and infrared photodissociation spectra of these species are measured with the aid of argon-tagging. Although previous theoretical studies have modeled these systems as proton-bound dimers of molecular oxygen, infrared spectra have free OH stretching bands, suggesting other isomeric structures. As a consequence, we undertook extensive computational studies. Our conformer search used a composite method based on an economical combination of single- and multi-reference theories. Several conformers were located on the quintet, triplet, and singlet surfaces, spanning in energy of only a few thousand wavenumbers. Most of the singlet and triplet conformers have pronounced multiconfigurational character. Previously unidentified covalent-like structures (H-O-O-O-O) on the singlet and triplet surfaces likely represent the global minima. In our experiments, HO4 + is formed in a relatively hot environment, and similar experiments have been shown capable of producing multiple conformers in low-lying electronic states. None of the predicted HO4 + isomers can be ruled out a priori based on energetic arguments. We interpret our argon-tagged spectra with Second-Order Vibrational Perturbation Theory with Resonances (VPT2+K). The presence of one or more covalent-like isomers is the only reasonable explanation for the spectral features observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Franke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Michael A Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Gary E Douberly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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13
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Toscano J, Lewandowski HJ, Heazlewood BR. Cold and controlled chemical reaction dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:9180-9194. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00931h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
State-to-state chemical reaction dynamics, with complete control over the reaction parameters, offers unparalleled insight into fundamental reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Toscano
- JILA and the Department of Physics
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
| | | | - Brianna R. Heazlewood
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory (PTCL)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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14
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Franke PR, Moore KB, Schaefer HF, Douberly GE. tert-Butyl peroxy radical: ground and first excited state energetics and fundamental frequencies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9747-9758. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01476d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The lowest adiabatic electronic transition origin and fundamental vibrational frequencies are computed, with high accuracy, for the tert-butyl peroxy radical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin B. Moore
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
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