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Wang L, Wang Y, Mou C, Wang W, Zhu C, He S, Liu H, Liu W. Petal-like Patterning of Polylactide/Poly (Butylene Succinate) Thin Films Induced by Phase Separation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4463. [PMID: 38006187 PMCID: PMC10674647 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable plastics are attracting attention as a solution to the problems caused by plastic waste. Among biodegradable plastics, polylactide (PLA) and poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) are particularly noteworthy because of their excellent biodegradability. However, the drawbacks of their mechanical properties prompts the need to compound them to achieve the desired strength. The characteristics of the interface of the composite material determine the realization of its final performance. The study of the interface and microstructure of composites is essential for the development of products from degradable polymers. The morphology evolution and microcrystal structure of spin-casted fully biodegradable (PLA/PBS) blend films were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanomechanical mapping. Results show that intact blend films present an obvious phase separation, where the PBS phase is uniformly dispersed in the PLA phase in the form of pores. Furthermore, the size and number of the PBS phase have a power exponential relationship and linear relationship with PBS loading, respectively. Intriguingly, after annealing at 80 °C for 30 min, the PLA phase formed an orderly petal-like microcrystalline structure centered on the PBS phase. Moreover, the microcrystalline morphology changed from a "daisy type" to a "sunflower type" with the increased size of the PBS phase. Since the size of the PBS phase is controllable, a new method for preparing microscopic patterns using fully biodegradable polymers is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (Y.W.); (C.M.); (W.W.); (C.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (Y.W.); (C.M.); (W.W.); (C.Z.); (S.H.)
- School of Chemical and Printing-Dyeing Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou 451191, China
| | - Chudi Mou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (Y.W.); (C.M.); (W.W.); (C.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Wanjie Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (Y.W.); (C.M.); (W.W.); (C.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Chengshen Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (Y.W.); (C.M.); (W.W.); (C.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Suqin He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (Y.W.); (C.M.); (W.W.); (C.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (Y.W.); (C.M.); (W.W.); (C.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Wentao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (Y.W.); (C.M.); (W.W.); (C.Z.); (S.H.)
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2
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Structural evolution and barrier properties in biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate/hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene films. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2022-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the crystallization and barrier properties of oxygen-scavenging polyethylene terephthalate films (OSP) at different stretching ratios and stretching rates. The results show that with the increase of the stretching ratio, more regular lamellar crystal was formed in the biaxially stretched OSP films, and the amorphous phase thickness between lamellae and the long period decreased. The presence of oxygen scavenger acted as heterogeneous nucleation, further promoting the crystallization of the OSP films. This was conducive to prolong the diffusion path of gas molecules through the film. Furthermore, the increase of the stretching ratio expanded the “active” oxygen barrier area of the oxygen scavengers. Thus, the barrier performance of the biaxially stretched OSP films was improved significantly. In addition, the variation of crystallinity and properties of OSP films with the stretching ratio was consistent with the variation with the stretching rate, but the stretching ratio had a greater impact. It was also found that the increase of the stretching ratio and the introduction of oxygen scavenger both increased the stretching strength of the OSP films, while the biaxially stretched OSP film maintained good optical properties.
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3
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Wang B, Zhou Z, He S, Zhang Y, Chen J, Shen C, Zhang B. Recrystallization of Quenched β-Form Isotactic Polypropylene Lamellar Crystals in Thin Films. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyuan Zhou
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan He
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changyu Shen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Sheng J, Chen W, Cui K, Li L. Polymer crystallization under external flow. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:036601. [PMID: 35060493 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac4d92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The general aspects of polymer crystallization under external flow, i.e., flow-induced crystallization (FIC) from fundamental theoretical background to multi-scale characterization and modeling results are presented. FIC is crucial for modern polymer processing, such as blowing, casting, and injection modeling, as two-third of daily-used polymers is crystalline, and nearly all of them need to be processed before final applications. For academics, the FIC is intrinsically far from equilibrium, where the polymer crystallization behavior is different from that in quiescent conditions. The continuous investigation of crystallization contributes to a better understanding on the general non-equilibrium ordering in condensed physics. In the current review, the general theories related to polymer nucleation under flow (FIN) were summarized first as a preliminary knowledge. Various theories and models, i.e., coil-stretch transition and entropy reduction model, are briefly presented together with the modified versions. Subsequently, the multi-step ordering process of FIC is discussed in detail, including chain extension, conformational ordering, density fluctuation, and final perfection of the polymer crystalline. These achievements for a thorough understanding of the fundamental basis of FIC benefit from the development of various hyphenated rheometer, i.e., rheo-optical spectroscopy, rheo-IR, and rheo-x-ray scattering. The selected experimental results are introduced to present efforts on elucidating the multi-step and hierarchical structure transition during FIC. Then, the multi-scale modeling methods are summarized, including micro/meso scale simulation and macroscopic continuum modeling. At last, we briefly describe our personal opinions related to the future directions of this field, aiming to ultimately establish the unified theory of FIC and promote building of the more applicable models in the polymer processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Sheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunpeng Cui
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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5
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Ji H, Wang Y, Zhu H, Ni H, Ma Y, Xie L. Research on a strengthening method and mechanism of expanding polypropylene pipe. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huajian Ji
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Huihao Zhu
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Hui Ni
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Yulu Ma
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Linsheng Xie
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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6
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Yang F, Yang F, Xiang M, Wu T. Preparation of highly oriented β polypropylene and its pore formation mechanism during stretching. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ming Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
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7
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Liu X, Yu W. Weak Shear-Induced Slowdown in Crystallization of Less-Entangled Poly(ε-caprolactone). Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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8
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Fang H, Li Z, Wang X, Gu J, Ruan S, Shen C. Effect of shear on nucleation of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites: Experiments and modeling. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Fang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering MechanicsDalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Junfeng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering MechanicsDalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Shilun Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering MechanicsDalian University of Technology Dalian China
- Zhengzhou College of Dalian University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Changyu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering MechanicsDalian University of Technology Dalian China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of EducationZhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
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9
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Deformation-Induced Crystallization Behavior of Isotactic Polypropylene Sheets Containing a β-Nucleating Agent under Solid-State Stretching. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061258. [PMID: 32486274 PMCID: PMC7362179 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The deformation-induced crystallization of an isotactic polypropylene (iPP) sheet containing a β-nucleating agent was evaluated. The phase transformation of the β-modifications was investigated and the crystal morphology was observed at room temperature after stretching at different temperatures. The results showed that the crystallinity increased after solid-state stretching. When the stretching temperature was below the initial crystallization temperature, stretching deformation promoted the orientation of amorphous molecular chains. When the deformation temperature exceeded the crystallization temperature, part of the β-modifications underwent a phase transformation process and was stretched into a shish-kebab structure. However, once the stretching temperature was close to the melting point, the β-modifications melted and recrystallized, and the shish-kebab structure underwent stress relaxation due to poor thermal stability, transforming into α-modifications. It was revealed that the crystal phase transformation mechanism of the β-modifications was based on the orientation of the molecular chains between the adjacent lamellae. In addition, the shish-kebab cylindrite structure played an important role in modifying the tensile and impact properties of the iPP sheet. The tensile and impact strengths increased by as much as 34% and 126%, respectively.
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10
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Liu Z, Zhou Z, Ming Y, Zhang S, Hao T, Nie Y. Molecular dynamics simulations of nucleation details in stretched polyethylene. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Zhang C, Liu G, Zhao Y, Wang K, Dong X, Li Z, Wang L, Wang D. Exploring the polymorphic behavior of a β‐nucleated propylene‐ethylene random copolymer under shear flow. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Shenzhen China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Guoming Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Kezhi Wang
- Shanxi Institute of Chemical Industry LTD Taiyuan China
| | - Xia Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhongming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Dujin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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12
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Fan Q, Zhang J, Wu Z, Yang S, Chen Y, Lu Y, Zhang Q. Great improvement of low‐temperature impact resistance of isotactic polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber blends by traces of carbon nanotubes and β‐nucleating agents. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Fan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Jinghan Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Ying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
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13
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Liang G, Yang S, Li J, Guo S. Preparation, Structure, and Properties of an Isotactic Polypropylene Film with Ultrahigh Content, Ordered, and Continuous β-Transcrystallinity. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guixue Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Jiang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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14
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Wang P, Gulgunje P, Ghoshal S, Verghese N, Kumar S. Rheological behavior of polypropylene nanocomposites with tailored polymer/multiwall carbon nanotubes interface. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Po‐Hsiang Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia
| | - Prabhakar Gulgunje
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia
| | - Sushanta Ghoshal
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia
| | | | - Satish Kumar
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia
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15
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Ji H, Zhou X, Chen X, Zhao H, Wang Y, Zhu H, Shan X, Sha J, Ma Y, Xie L. Effects of Solid-State Stretching on Microstructure Evolution and Physical Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene Sheets. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11040618. [PMID: 30960603 PMCID: PMC6523338 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The microstructure evolution of an isotactic polypropylene (iPP) sheet during solid-state stretching was studied. The transition of the spherulites—cylindrites was evaluated using in-situ two-dimensional wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering methods. The crystallinity of stretched iPP sheets was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. The crystal morphology was observed by means of scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the differences of crystal microstructure of the iPP sheet depended on the stretching strain, which promoted the orientation of molecular chains. Amorphous molecular chains in the spherulites oriented and formed into a mesophase near the yield point, and the partially ordered mesophase was further stretched to form an oriented cylindrite structure after the yield point. The highest relative content of cylindrites appeared at 15% strain. Notably, as the amorphous phase embedded into the lamellae layer, the crystal size decreased with the increase of strain, which indicated that the crystallinity of the stretched iPP sheet was much higher than that of unstretched iPP sheet. The induced cylindrites structure played a more important role in improving the mechanical properties and heat resistance of iPP sheets. Compared with the unstretched iPP sheets, the tensile strength increased by 28%, the notch impact toughness significantly increased by 78%, and the vicat softening point increased from 104 to 112 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajian Ji
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xulin Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Haili Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | | | - Huihao Zhu
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xiliang Shan
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jin Sha
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yulu Ma
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Linsheng Xie
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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16
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Synergetic Toughening Effect of Carbon Nanotubes and β-Nucleating Agents on the Polypropylene Random Copolymer/Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene- Styrene Block Copolymer Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 11:polym11010029. [PMID: 30960013 PMCID: PMC6401747 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypropylene random co-polymer (PPR)/styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SBS) block copolymer blends with high toughness and favorable tensile properties were successfully obtained by blending with traces of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and β-nucleating agents (β-NAs). β-NAs can effectively induce the ductile β-form crystal in the PPR matrix. Although the addition of MWCNTs was reported to be only benefit for the tensile strength of PPR and relatively disadvantageous for the toughness, the obviously synergistic toughening effect in PPR/SBS blends was found when MWCNTs and β-NAs coexisted. The notched izod impact strength of PPR/30 wt % SBS blend with MWCNTs and β-NAs increased from 11.3 to 58.9 kJ/m2; more than 5-fold increment compared with pure PPR. Meanwhile, the tensile strength retention of this PPR blend is still above 72.2%. The micro-morphology indicated that the MWCNTs can act as bridges between SBS particle and PPR matrix, effectively transferring the stress and absorbing impact energy among SBS particles.
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17
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Chang B, Schneider K, Lu B, Vogel R, Zheng G, Heinrich G. Accelerating shear-induced crystallization and enhancing crystal orientation of isotactic-polypropylene via nucleating agent self-assembly. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Chen Y, Fan Q, Yang S, Zhang Q, Li Z. Greatly improved toughness of isotactic polypropylene blends with traces of carbon nanotubes. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of ScienceNorthwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Qian Fan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of ScienceNorthwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of ScienceNorthwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of ScienceNorthwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Zhongming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
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19
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Zhang RC, Huang Z, Sun D, Ji D, Zhong M, Zang D, Xu JZ, Wan Y, Lu A. New insights into thermal conductivity of uniaxially stretched high density polyethylene films. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Xie C, Tang X, Yang J, Xu T, Tian F, Li L. Stretch-Induced Coil–Helix Transition in Isotactic Polypropylene: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xie
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoliang Tang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Junsheng Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Computational Physics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Tingyu Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fucheng Tian
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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21
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Cui K, Ma Z, Tian N, Su F, Liu D, Li L. Multiscale and Multistep Ordering of Flow-Induced Nucleation of Polymers. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1840-1886. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Cui
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key
Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Anhui Provincial Engineering
Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Baohe District, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road,
Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Tian
- Ministry
of Education Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology,
School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi
West Road, District Beilin, Xi’an 710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengmei Su
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key
Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Anhui Provincial Engineering
Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Baohe District, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Neutron Physics and Institute of Nuclear Physics and
Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 64 Mianshan
Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621999, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key
Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Anhui Provincial Engineering
Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Baohe District, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Chen Y, Bo X, Yang S, Yang H, Lawson T, Wu Z, Zhang Q, Li Z. Unexpected Strength and Toughness Reinforcement of the Injection-Molded Isotactic Polypropylene Parts with Oriented β-Crystals. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Chen
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Xu Bo
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Song Yang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Tom Lawson
- ARC
Center of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Zhongming Li
- College of
Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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23
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Anisotropic nanoparticles as templates for the crystalline structure of an injection-molded isotactic polypropylene/TiO 2 nanocomposite. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Li Y, Wen X, Nie M, Wang Q. Toward Subtle Manipulation of Fine Dendritic β-Nucleating Agent in Polypropylene. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:7230-7238. [PMID: 31457299 PMCID: PMC6645093 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic β-nucleating agent (β-NA) can readily manipulate the formation of dendritic β-crystal with a unique toughening effect on polypropylene (PP) to drastically enhance the ductility. However, by the current method, the geometric size is too large to fully perform the nucleating efficiency. In this study, by comparatively investigating the effect of molecular weight of PP and diffusion of β-NAs in a PP melt, we proposed a novel carrier strategy that selective enrichment of β-NAs in a PP carrier was followed by directed migration into polymer matrix. Accordingly, the growth of NAs was controlled by the release from the PP carrier, which decreased the available amount of β-NAs during the growth stage. In this case, the viscosity difference between PP carrier and matrix determined the interfacial movement of β-NAs. When the PP carrier and matrix had same molecular weight, the diffusion and release became favorable to facilitate the formation of the dense and fine dendritic aggregates. As a result, the relative content of β-crystals reached 92%, with a drastic increase of ∼82% in the optimal condition compared to the directed compounded PP/β-NAs sample. This study can open a new avenue to tailor the topologies of β-NAs and the ensuing β-crystals for high-performance PP products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Polymer Research
Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xinyu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Polymer Research
Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Min Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Polymer Research
Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Polymer Research
Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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25
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Hanzon DW, He X, Yang H, Shi Q, Yu K. Creep-induced anisotropy in covalent adaptable network polymers. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:7061-7073. [PMID: 28848958 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic polymers with aligned macromolecule chains exhibit directional strengthening of mechanical and physical properties. However, manipulating the orientation of polymer chains in a fully cured thermoset is almost impossible due to its permanently crosslinked nature. In this paper, we demonstrate that rearrangeable networks with bond exchange reactions (BERs) can be utilized to tailor the anisotropic mechanical properties of thermosetting polymers. When a constant force is maintained at BER activated temperatures, the malleable thermoset creeps in the direction of stress, and macromolecule chains align themselves in the same direction. The aligned polymer chains result in an anisotropic network with a stiffer mechanical behavior in the direction of creep, while with a more compliant behavior in the transverse direction. The degree of network anisotropy is proportional to the amount of creep strain. A multi-length scale constitutive model is developed to study the creep-induced anisotropy of thermosetting polymers. The model connects the micro-scale BER kinetics, orientation of polymer chains, and directional mechanical properties of network polymers. Without any fitting parameters, it is able to predict the evolution of creep strain at different temperatures and anisotropic stress-strain behaviors of CANs after creep. Predictions on the chain orientation are verified by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Based on parametric studies, it is shown that the influences of creep time and temperature on the network anisotropy can be generalized into a single parameter, and the evolution of directional modulus follows an Arrhenius type time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP). The presented work provides a facile approach to transform isotropic thermosets into anisotropic ones using simple heating, and their directional properties can be readily tailored by the processing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew W Hanzon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217, USA.
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26
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Temperature-dependent β-crystal growth in isotactic polypropylene with β-nucleating agent after shear flow. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-017-1990-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Qi Y, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Wang D, Lei J, Li Z. Synergistic enhancement of crystallization and mechanical performance of polypropylene random copolymer by strong shear and β-nucleating agent. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing PR China
| | - Chunbo Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; PR China
- Department of Polymer Materials, Advanced Materials Center; National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy; Beijing China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; PR China
| | - Dujin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing PR China
| | - Jun Lei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Zhongming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
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28
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Yang SG, Chen YH, Deng BW, Lei J, Li L, Li ZM. Window of Pressure and Flow To Produce β-Crystals in Isotactic Polypropylene Mixed with β-Nucleating Agent. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Gui Yang
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yan-Hui Chen
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Bo-Wen Deng
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jun Lei
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science and Technology,
CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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29
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Chen Y, Yang S, Yang H, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Li Z. Toughness Reinforcement in Carbon Nanotube-Filled High Impact Polypropylene Copolymer with β-Nucleating Agent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhongming Li
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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30
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Zhang B, Wang B, Chen J, Shen C, Reiter R, Chen J, Reiter G. Flow-Induced Dendritic β-Form Isotactic Polypropylene Crystals in Thin Films. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binghua Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - JiaJia Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changyu Shen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renate Reiter
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jingbo Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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31
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Chen Y, Yang S, Yang H, Zhong G, Fang D, Hsiao BS, Li Z. Deformation behavior of oriented β-crystals in injection-molded isotactic polypropylene by in situ X-ray scattering. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Liu X, Pan Y, Zheng G, Liu C. Suppression of the hierarchical structure of water-assisted injection moulded iPP in the presence of a β-nucleating agent and lamellar branching of a β-crystal. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14921a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Unexpected lamellar branching of the β-crystal structure is observed in water-assisted injection molded iPP parts with a high content of β-nucleating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- China
- Institute of Polymer Materials
| | - Yamin Pan
- Institute of Polymer Materials
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Guoqiang Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- China
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