1
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Giubertoni G, Rachid MG, Moll C, Hilbers M, Samanipour S, Woutersen S. UV/Visible Diffusion-Ordered Spectroscopy: A Simultaneous Probe of Molecular Size and Electronic Absorption. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39255422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Based on concepts from nuclear magnetic resonance, we have developed UV/vis diffusion-ordered spectroscopy, which simultaneously probes the size and electronic absorption spectrum of molecules and particles. We use simple flow technology to create a step-function concentration profile inside an optical sample cell, and by measuring the time-dependent absorption spectrum in an initially solvent-filled part of the sample volume, we obtain the diffusion coefficients and UV/vis spectra of the species present in the sample solution. From these data, we construct a two-dimensional spectrum with absorption wavelength on one axis and diffusion coefficient (or equivalently, size) on the other, in which the UV/vis spectrum of a mixture with different molecular sizes is separated into the spectra of the different species, sorted by size. We demonstrate this method on mixed solutions of fluorescent dyes, biomolecules, and the UV-absorbing components of coffee, caffeine, and chlorogenic acid, all with concentrations in the μM range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Giubertoni
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098XH, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Gomes Rachid
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098XH, The Netherlands
| | - Carolyn Moll
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098XH, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Hilbers
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098XH, The Netherlands
| | - Saer Samanipour
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098XH, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Woutersen
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098XH, The Netherlands
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2
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Timmer D, Lünemann DC, Riese S, Sio AD, Lienau C. Full visible range two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy with high time resolution. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:835-847. [PMID: 38175103 DOI: 10.1364/oe.511906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) is a powerful method to study coherent and incoherent interactions and dynamics in complex quantum systems by correlating excitation and detection energies in a nonlinear spectroscopy experiment. Such dynamics can be probed with a time resolution limited only by the duration of the employed laser pulses and in a spectral range defined by the pulse spectrum. In the blue spectral range (<500 nm), the generation of sufficiently broadband ultrashort pulses with pulse durations of 10 fs or less has been challenging so far. Here, we present a 2DES setup based on a hollow-core fiber supercontinuum covering the full visible range (400-700 nm). Pulse compression via custom-made chirped mirrors yields a time resolution of <10 fs. The broad spectral coverage, in particular the extension of the pulse spectra into the blue spectral range, unlocks new possibilities for coherent investigations of blue-light absorbing and multichromophoric compounds, as demonstrated by a 2DES measurement of chlorophyll a.
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3
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Jana S, Do TN, Nowakowski PJ, Khyasudeen MF, Le DV, Lim IJY, Prasad S, Zhang J, Tan HS. Measuring the Ultrafast Correlation Dynamics of a Multilevel System Using the Center Line Slope Analysis in Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7309-7322. [PMID: 37579317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
In a two-dimensional (2D) optical spectrum of a multilevel system, there are diagonal peaks and off-diagonal cross-peaks that correlate the different levels. The time-dependent properties of these diagonal peaks and cross-peaks contain much information about the dynamics of the multilevel system. The time-dependent diagonal peakshape that depends on the spectral diffusion dynamics of the associated transition and characterized by the frequency-fluctuation correlation function (FFCF) is well studied. However, the time-dependent peakshape of a cross-peak that provides the correlation dynamics between different transitions is much less studied or understood. We derived the third-order nonlinear response functions that describe the cross-peaks in a 2D electronic spectrum of a multilevel system that arise from processes sharing a common ground state and/or from internal conversion and population transfer. We can use the center line slope (CLS) analysis to characterize the cross-peaks in conjunction with the diagonal peaks. This allows us to recover the frequency-fluctuation cross-correlation functions (FXCFs) between two transitions. The FXCF and its subsidiary quantities such as the initial correlation and the initial covariance between different transitions are important for studying the correlation effects between states in complex systems, such as energy-transfer processes. Furthermore, knowledge of how various molecular processes over different timescales affect simultaneously different transitions can also be obtained from the measured FXCF. We validated and tested our derived equations and analysis process by studying, as an example, the 2D electronic spectra of metal-free phthalocyanine in solution. We measured and analyzed the diagonal peaks of the Qx and Qy transitions and the cross-peaks between these two transitions of this multilevel electronic system and obtained the associated FFCFs and FXCFs. In this model system, we measured negative components of FXCF over the tens of picosecond timescale. This suggests that in phthalocyanine, the Qx and Qy transitions coupling with the solvent molecule motion are anticorrelated to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Jana
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Thanh Nhut Do
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Paweł J Nowakowski
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - M Faisal Khyasudeen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Duc Viet Le
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Ian Jing Yan Lim
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Sachin Prasad
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
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4
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Russo M, McGhee KE, Virgili T, Lidzey DG, Cerullo G, Maiuri M. Dephasing Processes in the Molecular Dye Lumogen-F Orange Characterized by Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. Molecules 2022; 27:7095. [PMID: 36296684 PMCID: PMC9607445 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular dyes are finding more and more applications in photonics and quantum technologies, such as polaritonic optical microcavities, organic quantum batteries and single-photon emitters for quantum sensing and metrology. For all these applications, it is of crucial importance to characterize the dephasing mechanisms. In this work we use two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) to study the temperature dependent dephasing processes in the prototypical organic dye Lumogen-F orange. We model the 2DES maps using the Bloch equations for a two-level system and obtain a dephasing time T2 = 53 fs at room temperature, which increases to T2 = 94 fs at 86 K. Furthermore, spectral diffusion processes are observed and modeled by a combination of underdamped and overdamped Brownian oscillators. Our results provide useful design parameters for advanced optoelectronic and photonic devices incorporating dye molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Russo
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), National Research Council-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Kirsty E. McGhee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
| | - Tersilla Virgili
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), National Research Council-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - David G. Lidzey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), National Research Council-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Maiuri
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), National Research Council-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
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5
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High-resolution two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy reveals the homogeneous line profile of chromophores solvated in nanoclusters. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3350. [PMID: 35688839 PMCID: PMC9187667 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Doped clusters in the gas phase provide nanoconfined model systems for the study of system-bath interactions. To gain insight into interaction mechanisms between chromophores and their environment, the ensemble inhomogeneity has to be lifted and the homogeneous line profile must be accessed. However, such measurements are very challenging at the low particle densities and low signal levels in cluster beam experiments. Here, we dope cryogenic rare-gas clusters with phthalocyanine molecules and apply action-detected two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to gain insight into the local molecule-cluster environment for solid and superfluid cluster species. The high-resolution homogeneous linewidth analysis provides a benchmark for the theoretical modelling of binding configurations and shows a promising route for high-resolution molecular two-dimensional spectroscopy. Understanding the interaction of single chromophores with nanoparticles remains a challenging task in nanoscience. Here the authors provide insight into the interaction between isolated base-free phthalocyanine molecules and He and Ne nanoclusters in the gas phase using high-resolution two-dimensional spectroscopy.
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6
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Russo M, Casazza AP, Cerullo G, Santabarbara S, Maiuri M. Ultrafast excited state dynamics in the monomeric and trimeric photosystem I core complex of Spirulina platensis probed by two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:164202. [PMID: 35490013 DOI: 10.1063/5.0078911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI), a naturally occurring supercomplex composed of a core part and a light-harvesting antenna, plays an essential role in the photosynthetic electron transfer chain. Evolutionary adaptation dictates a large variability in the type, number, arrangement, and absorption of the Chlorophylls (Chls) responsible for the early steps of light-harvesting and charge separation. For example, the specific location of long-wavelength Chls (referred to as red forms) in the cyanobacterial core has been intensively investigated, but the assignment of the chromophores involved is still controversial. The most red-shifted Chl a form has been observed in the trimer of the PSI core of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis, with an absorption centered at ∼740 nm. Here, we apply two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to study photoexcitation dynamics in isolated trimers and monomers of the PSI core of S. platensis. By means of global analysis, we resolve and compare direct downhill and uphill excitation energy transfer (EET) processes between the bulk Chls and the red forms, observing significant differences between the monomer (lacking the most far red Chl form at 740 nm) and the trimer, with the ultrafast EET component accelerated by five times, from 500 to 100 fs, in the latter. Our findings highlight the complexity of EET dynamics occurring over a broad range of time constants and their sensitivity to energy distribution and arrangement of the cofactors involved. The comparison of monomeric and trimeric forms, differing both in the antenna dimension and in the extent of red forms, enables us to extract significant information regarding PSI functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Russo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Casazza
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Bassini 15a, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Photosynthesis Research Unit, Centro Studi sulla Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Margherita Maiuri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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7
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Zhu R, Ruan M, Li H, Leng X, Zou J, Wang J, Chen H, Wang Z, Weng Y. Vibrational and vibronic coherences in the energy transfer process of light-harvesting complex II revealed by two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:125101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0082280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of quantum coherence in light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) as a mechanism to understand the efficiency of the light-harvesting function in natural photosynthetic systems is still debated due to its structural complexity and weak-amplitude coherent oscillations. Here, we revisit the coherent dynamics and clarify different types of coherences in the energy transfer processes of LHCII using a joint method of the high-S/N transient grating and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. We find that the electronic coherence decays completely within 50 fs at room temperature. The vibrational coherences of chlorophyll a dominate over oscillations within 1 ps, whereas a low-frequency mode of 340 cm−1 with a vibronic mixing character may participate in vibrationally assisted energy transfer between chlorophylls a. Our results may suggest that vibronic mixing is relevant for rapid energy transfer processes among chlorophylls in LHCII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidan Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meixia Ruan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuan Leng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiading Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Zhuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuxiang Weng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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8
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Biswas S, Kim J, Zhang X, Scholes GD. Coherent Two-Dimensional and Broadband Electronic Spectroscopies. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4257-4321. [PMID: 35037757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, coherent broadband spectroscopy has been widely used to improve our understanding of ultrafast processes (e.g., photoinduced electron transfer, proton transfer, and proton-coupled electron transfer reactions) at femtosecond resolution. The advances in femtosecond laser technology along with the development of nonlinear multidimensional spectroscopy enabled further insights into ultrafast energy transfer and carrier relaxation processes in complex biological and material systems. New discoveries and interpretations have led to improved design principles for optimizing the photophysical properties of various artificial systems. In this review, we first provide a detailed theoretical framework of both coherent broadband and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES). We then discuss a selection of experimental approaches and considerations of 2DES along with best practices for data processing and analysis. Finally, we review several examples where coherent broadband and 2DES were employed to reveal mechanisms of photoinitiated ultrafast processes in molecular, biological, and material systems. We end the review with a brief perspective on the future of the experimental techniques themselves and their potential to answer an even greater range of scientific questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
| | - JunWoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
| | - Xinzi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
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9
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Armstrong ZT, Kunz MB, Zanni MT. Ultrafast Fluctuations in PM6 Domains of Binary and Ternary Organic Photovoltaic Thin Films Probed with Two-Dimensional White-Light Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8972-8979. [PMID: 34506148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present two-dimensional white-light spectroscopy (2DWL) measurements of binary and ternary bulk heterojunctions of the polymer donor PM6 mixed with state-of-the-art nonfullerene acceptors Y6 or IT4F. The ternary film has a shorter lifetime and faster spectral diffusion than either of the binary films. 2D line shape analysis of the PM6 ground state bleach with a Kubo model determines that all three films have similar amplitudes of fluctuations (Δ = 0.29 fs-1) in their transition frequencies, but different relaxation times (ranging from 102 to 24 fs). The ternary film exhibits faster dynamics than either of the binary films. The short lifetime of the ternary blend is consistent with increased photoexcitation transfer and the fast frequency fluctuations are consistent with structural dynamics of aliphatic side chains. These results suggest that the femtosecond fluctuations of PM6 are impacted by the choice of the acceptor molecules. We hypothesize that those dynamics are either indicative, or perhaps the initial source, of structural dynamics that ultimately contribute to solar cell operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Miriam Bohlmann Kunz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Martin T Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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10
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Yoshida T, Watanabe K. Spectral Diffusion of Excitons in 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic-diimide (PTCDI) Thin Films. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:9350-9356. [PMID: 34375107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we study spectral diffusion of molecular excitons in thin films of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-diimide by using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES). Temperature dependence of the spectral diffusion is studied from 105 to 471 K by analyzing the center line slope (CLS) of the ground-state bleach in the 2DES signal. A significant acceleration of the decay of the CLS with increasing the temperature is observed, which cannot be explained by a linear system-bath coupling model with a harmonic bath. We propose an anharmonic coupling model as the underlying mechanism, in which the exciton energy gap fluctuations by a high-frequency intramolecular vibration are enhanced by coupling with a low-frequency phonon mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuya Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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11
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Ultrafast spectroscopic investigation of discrete co-assemblies of a Zn-porphyrin–polymer conjugate with a hexapyridyl template. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Le DV, de la Perrelle JM, Do TN, Leng X, Tapping PC, Scholes GD, Kee TW, Tan HS. Characterization of the ultrafast spectral diffusion and vibronic coherence of TIPS-pentacene using 2D electronic spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:014302. [PMID: 34241376 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
TIPS-pentacene is a small-molecule organic semiconductor that is widely used in optoelectronic devices. It has been studied intensely owing to its ability to undergo singlet fission. In this study, we aim to develop further understanding of the coupling between the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom of TIPS-pentacene (TIPS-Pn). We measured and analyzed the 2D electronic spectra of TIPS-Pn in solutions. Using center line slope (CLS) analysis, we characterized the frequency-fluctuation correlation function of the 0-0 vibronic transition. Strong oscillations in the CLS values were observed for up to 5 ps with a frequency of 264 cm-1, which are attributable to a large vibronic coupling with the TIPS-Pn ring-breathing vibrational mode. In addition, detailed analysis of the CLS values allowed us to retrieve two spectral diffusion lifetimes, which are attributed to the inertial and diffusive dynamics of solvent molecules. Amplitude beating analysis also uncovered couplings with another vibrational mode at 1173 cm-1. The experimental results can be described using the displaced harmonic oscillator model. By comparing the CLS values of the simulated data with the experimental CLS values, we estimated a Huang-Rhys factor of 0.1 for the ring-breathing vibrational mode. The results demonstrated how CLS analysis can be a useful method for characterizing the strength of vibronic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Viet Le
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | | | - Thanh Nhut Do
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Xuan Leng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Patrick C Tapping
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Tak W Kee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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13
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Feng J, Cui M, Liu H, Zhou F, Bi S, Zhang D. Design of an efficient photocatalyst: a type II heterojunction for enhanced hydrogen production driven by visible light. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:11893-11899. [PMID: 33997874 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00347j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solar hydrogen production, which is an eco-friendly method to obtain energy, is still far away from wide commercialization due to the lack of an efficient catalyst. Effective calculations can reduce trial and error costs and provide mechanistic explanations while exploring efficient catalysts. Herein, a type II heterojunction Mg-containing-porphyrin/g-C3N4 is proven to be an efficient photocatalyst by using a combination of DFT and many-body Green's function theory. Our results show that the heterojunction can significantly enhance the absorption of visible light and realize the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes after excitation. Subsequently, water absorbing on the excited surface decomposes into H+ and OH- easily, and then produces H2 and O2 with reduced free energy. Our investigation and explanation can provide theoretical support for designing photonic devices based on porphyrin and g-C3N4, and deepen the understanding of how H2O splits into H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
| | - Mengdi Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
| | - Huining Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
| | - Fengjie Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
| | - Siwei Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
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14
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Fresch E, Peruffo N, Trapani M, Cordaro M, Bella G, Castriciano MA, Collini E. The effect of hydrogen bonds on the ultrafast relaxation dynamics of a BODIPY dimer. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:084201. [PMID: 33639732 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) in the structure, dynamics, and functionality of biological and artificial complex systems is the subject of intense investigation. In this broad context, particular attention has recently been focused on the ultrafast H-bond dependent dynamical properties in the electronic excited state because of their potentially dramatic consequences on the mechanism, dynamics, and efficiency of photochemical reactions and photophysical processes of crucial importance for life and technology. Excited-state H-bond dynamics generally occur on ultrafast time scales of hundreds of femtoseconds or less, making the characterization of associated mechanisms particularly challenging with conventional time-resolved techniques. Here, 2D electronic spectroscopy is exploited to shed light on this still largely unexplored dynamic mechanism. An H-bonded molecular dimer prepared by self-assembly of two boron-dipyrromethene dyes has been specifically designed and synthesized for this aim. The obtained results confirm that upon formation of H-bonds and the dimer, a new ultrafast relaxation channel is activated in the ultrafast dynamics, mediated by the vibrational motions of the hydrogen donor and acceptor groups. This relaxation channel also involves, beyond intra-molecular relaxations, an inter-molecular transfer process. This is particularly significant considering the long distance between the centers of mass of the two molecules. These findings suggest that the design of H-bonded structures is a particularly powerful tool to drive the ultrafast dynamics in complex materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fresch
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Peruffo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Trapani
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cordaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Castriciano
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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15
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Gelzinis A, Augulis R, Büchel C, Robert B, Valkunas L. Confronting FCP structure with ultrafast spectroscopy data: evidence for structural variations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:806-821. [PMID: 33427836 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05578f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms are a major group of algae, responsible for a quarter of the global primary production on our planet. Their adaptation to marine environments is ensured by their light-harvesting antenna - the fucoxanthin-chlorophyll protein (FCP) complex, which absorbs strongly in the blue-green spectral region. Although these essential proteins have been the subject of many studies, for a long time their comprehensive description was not possible in the absence of structural data. Last year, the 3D structures of several FCP complexes were revealed. The structure of an FCP dimer was resolved by crystallography for the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum [W. Wang et al., Science, 2019, 363, 6427] and the structure of the PSII supercomplex from the centric diatom Chaetoceros gracilis, containing several FCPs, was obtained by electron microscopy [X. Pi et al., Science, 2019, 365, 6452; R. Nagao et al., Nat. Plants, 2019, 5, 890]. In this Perspective article, we evaluate how precisely these structures may account for previously published ultrafast spectroscopy results, describing the excitation energy transfer in the FCP from another centric diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana. Surprisingly, we find that the published FCP structures cannot explain several observations obtained from ultrafast spectroscopy. Using the available structures, and results from electron microscopy, we construct a trimer-based FCP model for Cyclotella meneghiniana, consistent with ultrafast experimental data. As a whole, our observations suggest that the structures from the proteins belonging to the FCP family display larger variations than the equivalent LHC proteins in plants, which may reflect species-specific adaptations or original strategies for adapting to rapidly changing marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrius Gelzinis
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 9-III, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania. and Department of Molecular Compound Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ramūnas Augulis
- Department of Molecular Compound Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straβe 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bruno Robert
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Leonas Valkunas
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 9-III, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania. and Department of Molecular Compound Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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16
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Do TN, Sim JHN, Nguyen HL, Lu Y, Tan HS. Observing the Fluctuation Dynamics of Dative Bonds Using Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:165-170. [PMID: 33320689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We perform two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy on chlorophyll (Chl) a and b molecules in aprotic solvents of different Lewis basicity. By analyzing the ultrafast spectral diffusion dynamics of the Qy transition, we show that a certain timescale of the spectral diffusion dynamics is affected by the solvents' Lewis basicity. Control experiments with Chlorin-e6-a Chl molecule analog-and ab initio time-dependent density functional theory calculations confirm that we are directly probing the fluctuation dynamics of the dative bond between the solvent's lone pair and the Mg2+ center in Chls that is responsible for the Lewis basicity. The observation is indicative of dative bond length and angular fluctuations with timescales ranging between ∼30 and 150 ps and the dative bond-strength-dependent perturbation on the Qy transition frequency of Chls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nhut Do
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Jamie Hung Ni Sim
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Hoang Long Nguyen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Yunpeng Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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17
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Lahiri J, Moemeni M, Kline J, Magoulas I, Yuwono SH, Laboe M, Shen J, Borhan B, Piecuch P, Jackson JE, Blanchard GJ, Dantus M. Isoenergetic two-photon excitation enhances solvent-to-solute excited-state proton transfer. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:224301. [PMID: 33317305 PMCID: PMC7725536 DOI: 10.1063/5.0020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-photon excitation (TPE) is an attractive means for controlling chemistry in both space and time. Since isoenergetic one- and two-photon excitations (OPE and TPE) in non-centrosymmetric molecules are allowed to reach the same excited state, it is usually assumed that they produce similar excited-state reactivity. We compare the solvent-to-solute excited-state proton transfer of the super photobase FR0-SB following isoenergetic OPE and TPE. We find up to 62% increased reactivity following TPE compared to OPE. From steady-state spectroscopy, we rule out the involvement of different excited states and find that OPE and TPE spectra are identical in non-polar solvents but not in polar ones. We propose that differences in the matrix elements that contribute to the two-photon absorption cross sections lead to the observed enhanced isoenergetic reactivity, consistent with the predictions of our high-level coupled-cluster-based computational protocol. We find that polar solvent configurations favor greater dipole moment change between ground and excited states, which enters the probability for TPE as the absolute value squared. This, in turn, causes a difference in the Franck-Condon region reached via TPE compared to OPE. We conclude that a new method has been found for controlling chemical reactivity via the matrix elements that affect two-photon cross sections, which may be of great utility for spatial and temporal precision chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurick Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Mehdi Moemeni
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Jessica Kline
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Ilias Magoulas
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Stephen H. Yuwono
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Maryann Laboe
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Babak Borhan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Piotr Piecuch
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: , Tel.: +1-517-353-0501; , Tel.: +1-517-353-1151; , Tel.: +1-517-353-0504; , Tel.: +1-517-353-1105; and , Tel.: +1-517-353-1191
| | - James E. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G. J. Blanchard
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Marcos Dantus
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: , Tel.: +1-517-353-0501; , Tel.: +1-517-353-1151; , Tel.: +1-517-353-0504; , Tel.: +1-517-353-1105; and , Tel.: +1-517-353-1191
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18
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Kim J, Jeon J, Yoon TH, Cho M. Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of bacteriochlorophyll a with synchronized dual mode-locked lasers. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6029. [PMID: 33247112 PMCID: PMC7699642 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
How atoms and electrons in a molecule move during a chemical reaction and how rapidly energy is transferred to or from the surroundings can be studied with flashes of laser light. However, despite prolonged efforts to develop various coherent spectroscopic techniques, the lack of an all-encompassing method capable of both femtosecond time resolution and nanosecond relaxation measurement has hampered various applications of studying correlated electron dynamics and vibrational coherences in functional materials and biological systems. Here, we demonstrate that two broadband (>300 nm) synchronized mode-locked lasers enable two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) study of chromophores such as bacteriochlorophyll a in condensed phases to measure both high-resolution coherent vibrational spectrum and nanosecond electronic relaxation. We thus anticipate that the dual mode-locked laser-based 2DES developed and demonstrated here would be of use for unveiling the correlation between the quantum coherence and exciton dynamics in light-harvesting protein complexes and semiconducting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunWoo Kim
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Jonggu Jeon
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Yoon
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minhaeng Cho
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. .,Deparment of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Meneghin E, Biscaglia F, Volpato A, Bolzonello L, Pedron D, Frezza E, Ferrarini A, Gobbo M, Collini E. Biomimetic Nanoarchitectures for Light Harvesting: Self-Assembly of Pyropheophorbide-Peptide Conjugates. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7972-7980. [PMID: 32886518 PMCID: PMC8011917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The biological light-harvesting process offers an unlimited source of inspiration. The high level of control, adaptation capability, and efficiency challenge humankind to create artificial biomimicking nanoarchitectures with the same performances to respond to our energy needs. Here, in the extensive search for design principles at the base of efficient artificial light harvesters, an approach based on self-assembly of pigment-peptide conjugates is proposed. The solvent-driven and controlled aggregation of the peptide moieties promotes the formation of a dense network of interacting pigments, giving rise to an excitonic network characterized by intense and spectrally wide absorption bands. The ultrafast dynamics of the nanosystems studied through two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy reveals that the excitation energy is funneled in an ultrafast time range (hundreds of femtoseconds) to a manifold of long-living dark states, thus suggesting the considerable potentiality of the systems as efficient harvesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Meneghin
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Biscaglia
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Volpato
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Bolzonello
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Danilo Pedron
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Frezza
- Université
de Paris, CiTCoM, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Alberta Ferrarini
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marina Gobbo
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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20
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Lu J, Lee Y, Anna JM. Extracting the Frequency-Dependent Dynamic Stokes Shift from Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectra with Prominent Vibrational Coherences. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8857-8867. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Lu
- University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yumin Lee
- University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jessica M. Anna
- University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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21
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Silori Y, Chawla S, De AK. Unravelling the Role of Water in Ultrafast Excited-State Relaxation Dynamics within Nano-Architectures of Chlorophyll a. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1908-1917. [PMID: 32619067 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Water plays a pivotal role in structural stability of supramolecular pigment assemblies designed for natural light harvesting (for example, chlorosome antenna complex) as well as their artificial analogs. However, the dynamic role of water in the context of excite-state relaxation has not been explored till date, which we report here. Using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, we investigate the excited-state dynamics of two types of nano-scale assemblies of chlorophyll a with different structural motifs, rod-shaped and micellar assemblies, that depend on the water content. We show how water participates in excess energy dissipation by vibrational cooling of the non-thermally populated Qy band at different rates in different types of clusters but exhibits no polar solvation dynamics. For the micelles, we observe a bifurcation of stimulated emission line shape, whereas a positive-to-negative switching of differential absorption is observed for the rods; both these observations are correlated with their specific structural aspects. Density functional theory calculations reveal two possible stable ground state geometries of dimers, accounting for the bifurcation of line shape in micelles. Thus, our study elucidates water-mediated structure-function relationship within these pigment assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Silori
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140 306, India
| | - Sakshi Chawla
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140 306, India
| | - Arijit K De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140 306, India
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22
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Hoffman DJ, Fayer MD. CLS Next Gen: Accurate Frequency–Frequency Correlation Functions from Center Line Slope Analysis of 2D Correlation Spectra Using Artificial Neural Networks. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5979-5992. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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23
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Fresch E, Collini E. Relaxation Dynamics of Chlorophyll b in the Sub-ps Ultrafast Timescale Measured by 2D Electronic Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082836. [PMID: 32325770 PMCID: PMC7215592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A thorough characterization of the early time sub-100 fs relaxation dynamics of biologically relevant chromophores is of crucial importance for a complete understanding of the mechanisms regulating the ultrafast dynamics of the relaxation processes in more complex multichromophoric light-harvesting systems. While chlorophyll a has already been the object of several investigations, little has been reported on chlorophyll b, despite its pivotal role in many functionalities of photosynthetic proteins. Here the relaxation dynamics of chlorophyll b in the ultrafast regime have been characterized using 2D electronic spectroscopy. The comparison of experimental measurements performed at room temperature and 77 K allows the mechanisms and the dynamics of the sub-100 fs relaxation dynamics to be characterized, including spectral diffusion and fast internal conversion assisted by a specific set of vibrational modes.
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24
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Do TN, Khyasudeen MF, Nowakowski PJ, Zhang Z, Tan HS. Measuring Ultrafast Spectral Diffusion and Correlation Dynamics by Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3992-4000. [PMID: 31595651 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The frequency fluctuation correlation function (FFCF) measures the spectral diffusion of a state's transition while the frequency fluctuation cross-correlation function (FXCF) measures the correlation dynamics between the transitions of two separate states. These quantities contain a wealth of information on how the chromophores or excitonic states interact and couple with its environment and with each other. We summarize the experimental implementations and theoretical considerations of using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to characterize FFCFs and FXCFs. Applications can be found in systems such as the chlorophyll pigment molecules in light-harvesting complexes and CdSe nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nhut Do
- Disivion of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21, Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - M Faisal Khyasudeen
- Disivion of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21, Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Paweł J Nowakowski
- Disivion of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21, Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhengyang Zhang
- Disivion of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21, Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- Disivion of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21, Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
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25
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Khyasudeen MF, Nowakowski PJ, Nguyen HL, Sim JH, Do TN, Tan HS. Studying the spectral diffusion dynamics of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.110480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Song Y, Schubert A, Maret E, Burdick RK, Dunietz BD, Geva E, Ogilvie JP. Vibronic structure of photosynthetic pigments probed by polarized two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8143-8153. [PMID: 31857881 PMCID: PMC6836992 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02329a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriochlorophyll a (Bchl a) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) play important roles as light absorbers in photosynthetic antennae and participate in the initial charge-separation steps in photosynthetic reaction centers. Despite decades of study, questions remain about the interplay of electronic and vibrational states within the Q-band and its effect on the photoexcited dynamics. Here we report results of polarized two-dimensional electronic spectroscopic measurements, performed on penta-coordinated Bchl a and Chl a and their interpretation based on state-of-the-art time-dependent density functional theory calculations and vibrational mode analysis for spectral shapes. We find that the Q-band of Bchl a is comprised of two independent bands, that are assigned following the Gouterman model to Q x and Q y states with orthogonal transition dipole moments. However, we measure the angle to be ∼75°, a finding that is confirmed by ab initio calculations. The internal conversion rate constant from Q x to Q y is found to be 11 ps-1. Unlike Bchl a, the Q-band of Chl a contains three distinct peaks with different polarizations. Ab initio calculations trace these features back to a spectral overlap between two electronic transitions and their vibrational replicas. The smaller energy gap and the mixing of vibronic states result in faster internal conversion rate constants of 38-50 ps-1. We analyze the spectra of penta-coordinated Bchl a and Chl a to highlight the interplay between low-lying vibronic states and their relationship to photoinduced relaxation. Our findings shed new light on the photoexcited dynamics in photosynthetic systems where these chromophores are primary pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Song
- Department of Physics , University of Michigan , 450 Church St , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
| | - Alexander Schubert
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 N University Ave , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Kent State University , 1175 Risman Drive , Kent , OH 44242 , USA
| | - Elizabeth Maret
- Applied Physics Program , University of Michigan , 450 Church St , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA
| | - Ryan K Burdick
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 N University Ave , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA
| | - Barry D Dunietz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Kent State University , 1175 Risman Drive , Kent , OH 44242 , USA
| | - Eitan Geva
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 N University Ave , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA
| | - Jennifer P Ogilvie
- Department of Physics , University of Michigan , 450 Church St , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
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27
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Bressan G, Cammidge AN, Jones GA, Heisler IA, Gonzalez-Lucas D, Remiro-Buenamañana S, Meech SR. Electronic Energy Transfer in a Subphthalocyanine-Zn Porphyrin Dimer Studied by Linear and Nonlinear Ultrafast Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5724-5733. [PMID: 31257894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The efficient harvesting and transport of visible light by electronic energy transfer (EET) are critical to solar energy conversion in both nature and molecular electronics. In this work, we study EET in a synthetic dyad comprising a visible absorbing subphthalocyanine (SubPc) donor and a Zn tetraphenyl porphyrin (ZnTPP) acceptor. Energy transfer is probed by steady-state spectroscopy, ultrafast transient absorption, and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. Steady-state and time-resolved experiments point to only weak electronic coupling between the components of the dimer. The weak coupling supports energy transfer from the SubPc to the zinc porphyrin in 7 ps, which itself subsequently undergoes intersystem crossing to populate the triplet state. The rate of the forward energy transfer is discussed in terms of the structure of the dimer, which is calculated by density functional theory. There is evidence of back energy transfer from the ZnTPP on the hundreds of picoseconds time scale. Sub-picosecond spectral diffusion was also observed and characterized, but it does not influence the picosecond energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bressan
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich NR4 7TJ , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N Cammidge
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich NR4 7TJ , United Kingdom
| | - Garth A Jones
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich NR4 7TJ , United Kingdom
| | - Ismael A Heisler
- Departamento de Física , Universidade Federal do Paraná , Caixa Postal 19044 , 81531-990 Curitiba , Parana , Brazil
| | | | | | - Stephen R Meech
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich NR4 7TJ , United Kingdom
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28
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Gelzinis A, Augulis R, Butkus V, Robert B, Valkunas L. Two-dimensional spectroscopy for non-specialists. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:271-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Meneghin E, Pedron D, Collini E. Characterization of the coherent dynamics of bacteriochlorophyll a in solution. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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30
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Khyasudeen MF, Nowakowski PJ, Tan HS. Measuring the Ultrafast Correlation Dynamics between the Qx and Qy Bands in Chlorophyll Molecules. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:1359-1364. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Faisal Khyasudeen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Paweł J. Nowakowski
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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31
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Bruder L, Bangert U, Binz M, Uhl D, Vexiau R, Bouloufa-Maafa N, Dulieu O, Stienkemeier F. Coherent multidimensional spectroscopy of dilute gas-phase nanosystems. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4823. [PMID: 30446649 PMCID: PMC6240067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) is one of the most powerful spectroscopic techniques with unique sensitivity to couplings, coherence properties and real-time dynamics of a quantum system. While successfully applied to a variety of condensed phase samples, high precision experiments on isolated systems in the gas phase have been so far precluded by insufficient sensitivity. However, such experiments are essential for a precise understanding of fundamental mechanisms and to avoid misinterpretations. Here, we solve this issue by extending 2DES to isolated nanosystems in the gas phase prepared by helium nanodroplet isolation in a molecular beam-type experiment. This approach uniquely provides high flexibility in synthesizing tailored, quantum state-selected model systems of single and many-body character. In a model study of weakly-bound Rb2 and Rb3 molecules we demonstrate the method's unique capacity to elucidate interactions and dynamics in tailored quantum systems, thereby also bridging the gap to experiments in ultracold quantum science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Bruder
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Bangert
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Binz
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Uhl
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Romain Vexiau
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Nadia Bouloufa-Maafa
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Dulieu
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Frank Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 19, 79194, Freiburg, Germany
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32
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Policht VR, Niedringhaus A, Ogilvie JP. Characterization of Vibrational Coherence in Monomeric Bacteriochlorophyll a by Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6631-6637. [PMID: 30376340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriochlorophyll a (BChla) is the most abundant pigment found in the Bacterial Reaction Center (BRC) and light-harvesting proteins of photosynthetic purple and green bacteria. Recent two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) studies of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes including the BRC and the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complex have shown oscillatory signals, or coherences, whose physical origin has been hotly debated. To better understand the observations of coherence in larger photosynthetic systems, it is important to carefully characterize the spectroscopic signatures of the monomeric pigments. Prior spectroscopic studies of BChla have differed significantly in their observations, with some studies reporting little to no coherence. Here we present evidence of strong coherences in monomeric BChla in isopropanol using 2DES at 77 K. We resolve many modes with frequencies that correspond well with known vibrational modes. We confirm their vibrational origin by comparing the 2D spectroscopic signatures with expectations based on a purely vibrational model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica R Policht
- Department of Physics , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48108 , United States
| | - Andrew Niedringhaus
- Department of Physics , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48108 , United States
| | - Jennifer P Ogilvie
- Department of Physics , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48108 , United States
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33
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Nowakowski PJ, Khyasudeen MF, Tan HS. The effect of laser pulse bandwidth on the measurement of the frequency fluctuation correlation functions in 2D electronic spectroscopy. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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34
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Raman and 2D electronic spectroscopies: A fruitful alliance for the investigation of ground and excited state vibrations in chlorophyll a. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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35
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Doria S, Lapini A, Di Donato M, Righini R, Azzaroli N, Iagatti A, Caram JR, Sinclair TS, Cupellini L, Jurinovich S, Mennucci B, Zanotti G, Paoletti AM, Pennesi G, Foggi P. Understanding the influence of disorder on the exciton dynamics and energy transfer in Zn-phthalocyanine H-aggregates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:22331-22341. [PMID: 30124697 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02172d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The photophysics of 9(19),16(17),23(24)-tri-tert-butyl-2-[ethynyl-(4-carboxymethyl)phenyl]phthalocyaninatozinc(ii) and its H-aggregates is studied in different solvents by means of ultrafast non-linear optical spectroscopy and computational modeling. In non-coordinating solvents, both stationary and time-resolved spectroscopies highlight the formation of extended molecular aggregates, whose dimension and spectral properties depends on the concentration. In all the explored experimental conditions, time-resolved transient absorption experiments show multi exponential decay of the signals. Additional insights into the excited state relaxation mechanisms of the system is obtained with 2D electronic spectroscopy, which is employed to compare the deactivation channels in the absence or presence of aggregates. In ethanol and diethylether, where only monomers are present, an ultrafast relaxation process among the two non-degenerate Q-states of the molecule is evidenced by the appearance of a cross peak in the 2D-maps. In chloroform or CCl4, where disordered H-aggregates are formed, an energy transfer channel among aggregates with different composition and size is observed, leading to the non-radiative decay towards the lower energy dark state of the aggregates. Efficient coupling between less and more aggregated species is highlighted in two-dimensional electronic spectra by the appearance of a cross peak. The kinetics and intensity of the latter depend on the concentration of the solution. Finally, the linear spectroscopic properties of the aggregate are reproduced using a simplified structural model of an extended aggregate, based on Frenkel Hamiltonian Calculations and on an estimate of the electronic couplings between each dimer composing the aggregate computed at DFT level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Doria
- European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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36
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Huang Y, Xu F, Ganzer L, Camargo FVA, Nagahara T, Teyssandier J, Van Gorp H, Basse K, Straasø LA, Nagyte V, Casiraghi C, Hansen MR, De Feyter S, Yan D, Müllen K, Feng X, Cerullo G, Mai Y. Intrinsic Properties of Single Graphene Nanoribbons in Solution: Synthetic and Spectroscopic Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10416-10420. [PMID: 30084630 PMCID: PMC6643163 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
report a novel type of structurally defined graphene nanoribbons
(GNRs) with uniform width of 1.7 nm and average length up to 58 nm.
These GNRs are decorated with pending Diels–Alder cycloadducts
of anthracenyl units and N-n-hexadecyl
maleimide. The resultant bulky side groups on GNRs afford excellent
dispersibility with concentrations of up to 5 mg mL–1 in many organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), two orders
of magnitude higher than the previously reported GNRs. Multiple spectroscopic
studies confirm that dilute dispersions in THF (<0.1 mg mL–1) consist mainly of nonaggregated ribbons, exhibiting
near-infrared emission with high quantum yield (9.1%) and long lifetime
(8.7 ns). This unprecedented dispersibility allows resolving in real-time
ultrafast excited-state dynamics of the GNRs, which displays features
of small isolated molecules in solution. This study achieves a breakthrough
in the dispersion of GNRs, which opens the door for unveiling obstructed
GNR-based physical properties and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjuan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan RD , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Fugui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan RD , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Lucia Ganzer
- IFN-CNR , Dipartimento di Fisica , Piazza L. da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Franco V A Camargo
- IFN-CNR , Dipartimento di Fisica , Piazza L. da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Tetsuhiko Nagahara
- IFN-CNR , Dipartimento di Fisica , Piazza L. da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milano , Italy.,Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology , Kyoto Institute of Technology , 606-8585 Kyoto , Japan
| | - Joan Teyssandier
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan, 200 F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Hans Van Gorp
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan, 200 F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Kristoffer Basse
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Lasse Arnt Straasø
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Vaiva Nagyte
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M139PL , United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Casiraghi
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M139PL , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstr. 28/30 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan, 200 F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan RD , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Mommsenstrasse 4 , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR , Dipartimento di Fisica , Piazza L. da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan RD , Shanghai 200240 , China
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37
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Abstract
The subtle details of the mechanism of energy flow from carotenoids to chlorophylls in biological light-harvesting complexes are still not fully understood, especially in the ultrafast regime. Here we focus on the antenna complex peridinin–chlorophyll a–protein (PCP), known for its remarkable efficiency of excitation energy transfer from carotenoids—peridinins—to chlorophylls. PCP solutions are studied by means of 2D electronic spectroscopy in different experimental conditions. Together with a global kinetic analysis and multiscale quantum chemical calculations, these data allow us to comprehensively address the contribution of the potential pathways of energy flow in PCP. These data support dominant energy transfer from peridinin S2 to chlorophyll Qy state via an ultrafast coherent mechanism. The coherent superposition of the two states is functional to drive population to the final acceptor state, adding an important piece of information in the quest for connections between coherent phenomena and biological functions. Energy transfer from carotenoids to chlorophylls in light-harvesting is still not fully understood, especially in the ultrafast regime. Here, the authors investigate the coherent dynamics of this process in peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein complex via 2D electronic spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations.
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38
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Green D, V A Camargo F, Heisler IA, Dijkstra AG, Jones GA. Spectral Filtering as a Tool for Two-Dimensional Spectroscopy: A Theoretical Model. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6206-6213. [PMID: 29985004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b03339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional optical spectroscopy is a powerful technique for the probing of coherent quantum superpositions. Recently, the finite width of the laser spectrum has been employed to selectively tune experiments for the study of particular coherences. This involves the exclusion of certain transition frequencies, which results in the elimination of specific Liouville pathways. The rigorous analysis of such experiments requires the use of ever more sophisticated theoretical models for the optical spectroscopy of electronic and vibronic systems. Here we develop a nonimpulsive and non-Markovian model, which combines an explicit definition of the laser spectrum, via the equation of motion-phase matching approach (EOM-PMA), with the hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM). This theoretical framework is capable of simulating the 2D spectroscopy of vibronic systems with low frequency modes, coupled to environments of intermediate and slower time scales. In order to demonstrate the spectral filtering of vibronic coherences, we examine the elimination of lower energy peaks from the 2D spectra of a zinc porphyrin monomer upon blue-shifting the laser spectrum. The filtering of Liouville pathways is revealed through the disappearance of peaks from the amplitude spectra for a coupled vibrational mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Green
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ , U.K
| | - Franco V A Camargo
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ , U.K.,CAPES Foundation , Ministry of Education of Brazil , Brasilia DF 70040-202 , Brazil
| | - Ismael A Heisler
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ , U.K
| | | | - Garth A Jones
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ , U.K
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39
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Maiuri M, Brazard J. Electronic Couplings in (Bio-) Chemical Processes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 376:10. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Lee Y, Das S, Malamakal RM, Meloni S, Chenoweth DM, Anna JM. Ultrafast Solvation Dynamics and Vibrational Coherences of Halogenated Boron-Dipyrromethene Derivatives Revealed through Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14733-14742. [PMID: 28945085 PMCID: PMC6598204 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) chromophores have a wide range of applications, spanning areas from biological imaging to solar energy conversion. Understanding the ultrafast dynamics of electronically excited BODIPY chromophores could lead to further advances in these areas. In this work, we characterize and compare the ultrafast dynamics of halogenated BODIPY chromophores through applying two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES). Through our studies, we demonstrate a new data analysis procedure for extracting the dynamic Stokes shift from 2DES spectra revealing an ultrafast solvent relaxation. In addition, we extract the frequency of the vibrational modes that are strongly coupled to the electronic excitation, and compare the results of structurally different BODIPY chromophores. We interpret our results with the aid of DFT calculations, finding that structural modifications lead to changes in the frequency, identity, and magnitude of Franck-Condon active vibrational modes. We attribute these changes to differences in the electron density of the electronic states of the structurally different BODIPY chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Lee
- University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Saptaparna Das
- University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Roy M Malamakal
- University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Stephen Meloni
- University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David M Chenoweth
- University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jessica M Anna
- University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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41
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Meneghin E, Leonardo C, Volpato A, Bolzonello L, Collini E. Mechanistic insight into internal conversion process within Q-bands of chlorophyll a. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11389. [PMID: 28900171 PMCID: PMC5595816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-radiative relaxation of the excitation energy from higher energy states to the lowest energy state in chlorophylls is a crucial preliminary step for the process of photosynthesis. Despite the continuous theoretical and experimental efforts to clarify the ultrafast dynamics of this process, it still represents the object of an intense investigation because the ultrafast timescale and the congestion of the involved states makes its characterization particularly challenging. Here we exploit 2D electronic spectroscopy and recently developed data analysis tools to provide more detailed insights into the mechanism of internal conversion within the Q-bands of chlorophyll a. The measurements confirmed the timescale of the overall internal conversion rate (170 fs) and captured the presence of a previously unidentified ultrafast (40 fs) intermediate step, involving vibronic levels of the lowest excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Meneghin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Leonardo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Volpato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Bolzonello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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42
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Kearns NM, Mehlenbacher RD, Jones AC, Zanni MT. Broadband 2D electronic spectrometer using white light and pulse shaping: noise and signal evaluation at 1 and 100 kHz. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:7869-7883. [PMID: 28380905 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.007869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a broad bandwidth two-dimensional electronic spectrometer that operates shot-to-shot at repetition rates up to 100 kHz using an acousto-optic pulse shaper. It is called a two-dimensional white-light (2D-WL) spectrometer because the input is white-light supercontinuum. Methods for 100 kHz data collection are studied to understand how laser noise is incorporated into 2D spectra during measurement. At 100 kHz, shot-to-shot scanning of the delays and phases of the pulses in the pulse sequence produces a 2D spectrum 13-times faster and with the same signal-to-noise as using mechanical stages and a chopper. Comparing 100 to 1 kHz repetition rates, data acquisition time is decreased by a factor of 200, which is beyond the improvement expected by the repetition rates alone due to reduction in 1/f noise. These improvements arise because shot-to-shot readout and modulation of the pulse train at 100 kHz enables the electronic coherences to be measured faster than the decay in correlation between laser intensities. Using white light supercontinuum for the pump and probe pulses produces high signal-to-noise spectra on samples with optical densities <0.1 within a few minutes of averaging and an instrument response time of <46 fs thereby demonstrating that that simple broadband continuum sources, although weak, are sufficient to create high quality 2D spectra with >200 nm bandwidth.
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43
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Quan WD, Pitto-Barry A, Baker LA, Stulz E, Napier R, O'Reilly RK, Stavros VG. Retaining individualities: the photodynamics of self-ordering porphyrin assemblies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1938-41. [PMID: 26680651 PMCID: PMC4720934 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09095d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Retained photochemical properties – a simple porphyrin–polyDMA conjugate with the ability to self assemble into large (∼1 μm) vesicles in water. The photodynamics are remarkably preserved despite the extensive aggregation.
The retention of photochemical properties of individual chromophores is a key feature of biological light harvesting complexes. This is achieved despite extensive aggregation of the chromophores, which in synthetic chromophore assemblies often yields a change in spectral characteristics. As an alternative approach towards mimicking biological light harvesting complexes, we report the synthesis of porphyrin assemblies which retained the photochemical properties of the individual chromophore units despite their substantial aggregation. These new materials highlight a new bottom-up approach towards the design and understanding of more complex biomimetic and naturally occurring biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Dong Quan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK. and Molecular Organisation and Assembly of Cells Doctoral Training Center (MOAC DTC), University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK
| | - Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK.
| | - Lewis A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK. and Molecular Organisation and Assembly of Cells Doctoral Training Center (MOAC DTC), University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK
| | - Eugen Stulz
- School of Chemistry & Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Science, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK
| | - Rachel K O'Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK.
| | - Vasilios G Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK.
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44
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Mallus MI, Aghtar M, Chandrasekaran S, Lüdemann G, Elstner M, Kleinekathöfer U. Relation between Dephasing Time and Energy Gap Fluctuations in Biomolecular Systems. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:1102-1108. [PMID: 26950038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Excitation energy and charge transfer are fundamental processes in biological systems. Because of their quantum nature, the effect of dephasing on these processes is of interest especially when trying to understand their efficiency. Moreover, recent experiments have shown quantum coherences in such systems. As a first step toward a better understanding, we studied the relationship between dephasing time and energy gap fluctuations of the individual molecular subunits. A larger set of molecular simulations has been investigated to shed light on this dependence. This set includes bacterio-chlorophylls in Fenna-Matthews-Olson complexes, the PE545 aggregate, the LH2 complexes, DNA, photolyase, and cryptochromes. For the individual molecular subunits of these aggregates it has been confirmed quantitatively that an inverse proportionality exists between dephasing time and average gap energy fluctuation. However, for entire complexes including the respective intermolecular couplings, such a relation still needs to be verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ilaria Mallus
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen , Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Mortaza Aghtar
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen , Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Gesa Lüdemann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcus Elstner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kleinekathöfer
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen , Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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