1
|
Yan F, Mukherjee K, Maroncelli M, Kim HJ. Infrared Spectroscopy of Li + Solvation in Diglyme: Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics and Experiment. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9191-9203. [PMID: 37820068 PMCID: PMC10614183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectra of solutions of the lithium salt LiBF4 in diglyme, CH3O(CH2CH2O)2CH3, are studied via IR spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. Experiments show that the major effects of LiBF4, compared to neat diglyme, are the appearance of a new broad band in the 250-500 cm-1 frequency region and a broadening and intensity enhancement of the diglyme band in the 900-1150 cm-1 region accompanied by a red-shift. Computational analysis indicates that hindered translational motions of Li+ in its solvation cage are mainly responsible for the new far-IR band, while the changes in the mid-IR are due to Li+-coordination-dependent B-F stretching vibrations of BF4- anions coupled with diglyme vibrations. Molecular motions in these and lower frequency regions are generally correlated, revealing the collective nature of the vibrational dynamics, which involve multiple ions/molecules. Herein, a detailed analysis of these features via AIMD simulations of the spectrum and its components, combined with analysis of the generalized normal modes of the solution components, is presented. Other minor spectral changes as well as diglyme conformational changes induced by the lithium salt are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyong Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kallol Mukherjee
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Mark Maroncelli
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Hyung J. Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim HJ. Spectroscopic and Chemical Properties of Ionic Liquids: Computational Study. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300075. [PMID: 37166396 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A brief account is given of highlights of our computational efforts - often in collaboration with experimental groups - to understand spectroscopic and chemical properties of ionic liquids (ILs). Molecular dynamics, including their inhomogeneous character, responsible for key spectral features observed in dielectric absorption, infra-red (IR) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) measurements are elucidated. Mechanisms of chemical processes involving imidazolium-based ILs are illustrated for CO2 capture and related reactions, transesterification of cellulose, and Au nanocluster-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction with attention paid to differing roles of IL ions. A comparison with experiments is also made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung J Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Landi A, Reisjalali M, Elliott JD, Matta M, Carbone P, Troisi A. Simulation of polymeric mixed ionic and electronic conductors with a combined classical and quantum mechanical model. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2023; 11:8062-8073. [PMID: 37362027 PMCID: PMC10286221 DOI: 10.1039/d2tc05103f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In organic polymeric materials with mixed ionic and electronic conduction (OMIEC), the excess charge in doped polymers is very mobile and the dynamics of the polymer chain cannot be accurately described with a model including only fixed point charges. Ions and polymer are comparatively slower and a methodology to capture the correlated motions of excess charge and ions is currently unavailable. Considering a prototypical interface encountered in this type of materials, we constructed a scheme based on the combination of MD and QM/MM to evaluate the classical dynamics of polymer, water and ions, while allowing the excess charge of the polymer chains to rearrange following the external electrostatic potential. We find that the location of the excess charge varies substantially between chains. The excess charge changes across multiple timescales as a result of fast structural fluctuations and slow rearrangement of the polymeric chains. Our results indicate that such effects are likely important to describe the phenomenology of OMIEC, but additional features should be added to the model to enable the study of processes such as electrochemical doping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Landi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3BX UK
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia Adolfo Zambelli, Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Maryam Reisjalali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3BX UK
| | - Joshua D Elliott
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Micaela Matta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3BX UK
| | - Paola Carbone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Alessandro Troisi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3BX UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Paolone A, Di Muzio S, Palumbo O, Brutti S. Some Considerations about the Anodic Limit of Ionic Liquids Obtained by Means of DFT Calculations. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:e25050793. [PMID: 37238548 DOI: 10.3390/e25050793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are good candidates as the main component of safe electrolytes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries. The identification of a reliable algorithm to estimate the electrochemical stability of ionic liquids can greatly speed up the discovery of suitable anions able to sustain high potentials. In this work, we critically assess the linear dependence of the anodic limit from the HOMO level of 27 anions, whose performances have been experimentally investigated in the previous literature. A limited r Pearson's value of ≈0.7 is found even with the most computationally demanding DFT functionals. A different model considering vertical transitions in a vacuum between the charged state and the neutral molecule is also exploited. In this case, the best-performing functional (M08-HX) provides a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 1.61 V2 on the 27 anions here considered. The ions which give the largest deviations are those with a large value of the solvation energy, and therefore, an empirical model that linearly combines the anodic limit calculated by vertical transitions in a vacuum and in a medium with a weight dependent on the solvation energy is proposed for the first time. This empirical method can decrease the MSE to 1.29 V2 but still provides an r Pearson's value of ≈0.72.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Paolone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Di Muzio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Oriele Palumbo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Brutti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fluoroalkoxyaluminate-based Ionic Liquids as Electrolytes for Sodium-ion Batteries. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
|
6
|
Yan F, Mukherjee K, Maroncelli M, Kim HJ. Infrared Spectroscopy of Li + Solvation in EmimBF 4 and in Propylene Carbonate: Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics and Experiment. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:9643-9662. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyong Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kallol Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Mark Maroncelli
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Hyung J. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moraes AS, Pinheiro GA, Lourenço TC, Lopes MC, Quiles MG, Dias LG, Da Silva JLF. Screening of the Role of the Chemical Structure in the Electrochemical Stability Window of Ionic Liquids: DFT Calculations Combined with Data Mining. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:4702-4712. [PMID: 36122418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids have attracted the attention of researchers as possible electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage devices. However, their properties, such as the electrochemical stability window (ESW), ionic conductivity, and diffusivity, are influenced both by the chemical structures of cations and anions and by their combinations. Most studies in the literature focus on the understanding of common ionic liquids, and little effort has been made to find ways to improve our atomistic understanding of those systems. The goal of this paper is to explore the structural characteristics of cations and anions that form ionic liquids that can expand the HOMO/LUMO gap, a property directly linked to the ESW of the electrolyte. For that, we design a framework for randomly generating new ions by combining their fragments. Within this framework, we generate about 104 cations and 104 anions and fully optimize their structures using density functional theory. Our calculations show that aromatic cations are less stable ionic liquids than aliphatic ones, an expected result if chemical rationale is used. More importantly, we can improve the gap by adding electron-donating and electron-withdrawing functional groups to the cations and anions, respectively. The increase can be about 2 V, depending on the case. This improvement is reflected in a wider ESW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex S Moraes
- Chemistry Department, Central-West State University, 85040-167 Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gabriel A Pinheiro
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, 12247-014 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tuanan C Lourenço
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro C Lopes
- Chemistry Department, Central-West State University, 85040-167 Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcos G Quiles
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, 12247-014 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis G Dias
- Chemistry Department, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juarez L F Da Silva
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Imai M, Tanabe I, Ozaki Y, Fukui KI. Solvation properties of silver ions in ionic liquids using attenuated total reflectance ultraviolet spectroscopy. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
9
|
Liu S, Yang Y, Huang H, Zheng J, Liu G, To TH, Huang B. Giant and bidirectionally tunable thermopower in nonaqueous ionogels enabled by selective ion doping. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj3019. [PMID: 34985956 PMCID: PMC8730620 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj3019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ionic thermoelectrics show great potential in thermal sensing owing to their ultrahigh thermopower, low cost, and ease in production. However, the lack of effective n-type ionic thermoelectric materials seriously hinders their applications. Here, we report giant and bidirectionally tunable thermopowers within an ultrawide range from −15 to +17 mV K−1 in solid ionic liquid–based ionogels. Particularly, a record high negative thermopower of −15 mV K−1 is achieved in the ternary ionogel, rendering it among the best n-type ionic thermoelectric materials under the same condition. A thermopower regulation strategy through ion doping to selectively induce ion aggregates to enhance ion-ion interactions is proposed. These selective ion interactions are found to be decisive in modulating the sign and magnitude of the thermopower in the ionogels. A prototype wearable device integrated with 12 p-n pairs is demonstrated with a total thermopower of 0.358 V K−1, showing promise for ultrasensitive thermal detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijing Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuewang Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiongzhi Zheng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gongze Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsz Ho To
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Baoling Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Foshan Research Institute for Smart Manufacturing, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Seymour JM, Gousseva E, Large AI, Clarke CJ, Licence P, Fogarty RM, Duncan DA, Ferrer P, Venturini F, Bennett RA, Palgrave RG, Lovelock KRJ. Experimental measurement and prediction of ionic liquid ionisation energies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20957-20973. [PMID: 34545382 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02441h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquid (IL) valence electronic structure provides key descriptors for understanding and predicting IL properties. The ionisation energies of 60 ILs are measured and the most readily ionised valence state of each IL (the highest occupied molecular orbital, HOMO) is identified using a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and synchrotron resonant XPS. A structurally diverse range of cations and anions were studied. The cation gave rise to the HOMO for nine of the 60 ILs presented here, meaning it is energetically more favourable to remove an electron from the cation than the anion. The influence of the cation on the anion electronic structure (and vice versa) were established; the electrostatic effects are well understood and demonstrated to be consistently predictable. We used this knowledge to make predictions of both ionisation energy and HOMO identity for a further 516 ILs, providing a very valuable dataset for benchmarking electronic structure calculations and enabling the development of models linking experimental valence electronic structure descriptors to other IL properties, e.g. electrochemical stability. Furthermore, we provide design rules for the prediction of the electronic structure of ILs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake M Seymour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK.
| | | | - Alexander I Large
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK. .,Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Coby J Clarke
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter Licence
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | | | - Pilar Ferrer
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | - Roger A Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Paolone A, Brutti S. Comparison of the Performances of Different Computational Methods to Calculate the Electrochemical Stability of Selected Ionic Liquids. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123221. [PMID: 34200915 PMCID: PMC8230478 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical stability windows (ESW) of selected ionic liquids have been calculated by comparing different computational approaches previously suggested in the literature. The molecular systems under study are based on di-alkyl imidazolium and tetra-alkyl ammonium cations coupled with two different imide anions (namely, bis-fluorosulfonyl imide and bis-trifluoromethyl sulfonyl imide), for which an experimental investigation of the ESW is available. Thermodynamic oxidation and reduction potentials have here been estimated by different models based on calculations either on single ions or on ionic couples. Various Density Functional Theory (DFT) functionals (MP2, B3LYP, B3LYP including a polarizable medium and empirical dispersion forces) were exploited. Both vertical and adiabatic transitions between the starting states and the oxidized or reduced states were considered. The approach based on calculations on ionic couples is not able to reproduce the experimental data, whatever the used DFT functional. The best quantitative agreement is obtained by calculations on single ions when the MP2 functional in vacuum is considered and the transitions between differently charged states are vertical (purely electronic without the relaxation of the structure). The B3LYP functional underestimates the ESW. The inclusion of a polar medium excessively widens the ESW, while a large shrinkage of the ESW is obtained by adopting an adiabatic transition scheme instead of a vertical transition one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Paolone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergio Brutti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- GISEL—Centro di Riferimento Nazionale per i Sistemi di Accumulo Elettrochimico di Energia, INSTM via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kuusik I, Kook M, Pärna R, Kisand V. Ionic Liquid Vapors in Vacuum: Possibility to Derive Anodic Stabilities from DFT and UPS. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:5255-5265. [PMID: 33681566 PMCID: PMC7931180 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) investigations of several gas-phase ionic liquid (IL) ion pairs have been conducted. [EMIM][OTF], [PYR14][OTF], [EMIM][DCA], [PYR14][DCA], [PYR14][TCM], [PYR14][FSI], [PYR14][PF6], [S222][TFSI], [P4441][TFSI], and [EMMIM][TFSI] vapor UPS spectra are presented for the first time. The experimental low-binding-energy cutoff value (highest occupied molecular orbital, HOMO energy) of the ionic liquid ion pairs, which is of great interest, has been measured. Many studies use calculated gas-phase electronic properties to estimate the liquid-phase electrochemical stability. Hybrid density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to interpret the experimental data. The gas-phase photoelectron spectra in conjunction with the theoretical calculations are able to verify most HOMO energies and assign them to the cation or anion. The hybrid M06 functional is shown to offer a very good description of the ionic liquid electronic structure. In some cases, the excellent agreement between the UPS spectra and the M06 calculation validates the conformer found and constitutes as a first indirect experimental determination of ionic liquid ion-pair structure. Comparisons with recent theoretical studies are made, and implications for electrochemical applications are discussed. The new data provide a much-needed reference for future ab initio calculations and support the argument that modeling of IL cations and anions separately is incorrect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivar Kuusik
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mati Kook
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rainer Pärna
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vambola Kisand
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lourenço TC, Ebadi M, Brandell D, Da Silva JLF, Costa LT. Interfacial Structures in Ionic Liquid-Based Ternary Electrolytes for Lithium-Metal Batteries: A Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9648-9657. [PMID: 32965114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-metal batteries are promising candidates to fulfill the future performance requirements for energy storage applications. However, the tendency to form metallic dendrites and the undesirable side reactions between the electrolyte and the Li electrode lead to poor performance and safety issues in these batteries. Therefore, understanding the interfacial properties and the Li-metal surface/electrolyte interactions is crucial to resolve the remaining obstacles and make these devices feasible. Here, we report a computational study on the interface effects in ternary polymer electrolytes composed by poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), lithium salts, and different ionic liquids (ILs) confined between two Li-metal slabs. Atomistic simulations are used to characterize the local environment of the Li+ ions and the transport properties in the bulk and at the interface regions. Aggregation of ions at the metal surface is seen in all investigated systems; the structure and composition are directly correlated to the IL components. The strong interactions between the electrolyte species and the Li-metal atoms result in the structuring of the electrolyte at the interface region, in which comparatively small and flat ions result in a well-defined region with extensive Li+ populations and high self-diffusion coefficients. In contrast, large ions such as [P222mom]+ increase the PEO density in the bulk due to large steric effects at the interface. Therefore, the choice of specific ILs in ternary polymer electrolytes can tune the structure-dynamic properties at the Li-metal surface/electrolyte interface, controlling the SEI formation at the electrode surface, and thereby improve battery performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuanan C Lourenço
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mahsa Ebadi
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Brandell
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Juarez L F Da Silva
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano T Costa
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Fluminense University-Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n CEP:24020-141 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rakov DA, Chen F, Ferdousi SA, Li H, Pathirana T, Simonov AN, Howlett PC, Atkin R, Forsyth M. Engineering high-energy-density sodium battery anodes for improved cycling with superconcentrated ionic-liquid electrolytes. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:1096-1101. [PMID: 32367080 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Non-uniform metal deposition and dendrite formation in high-density energy storage devices reduces the efficiency, safety and life of batteries with metal anodes. Superconcentrated ionic-liquid electrolytes (for example 1:1 ionic liquid:alkali ion) coupled with anode preconditioning at more negative potentials can completely mitigate these issues, and therefore revolutionize high-density energy storage devices. However, the mechanisms by which very high salt concentration and preconditioning potential enable uniform metal deposition and prevent dendrite formation at the metal anode during cycling are poorly understood, and therefore not optimized. Here, we use atomic force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to unravel the influence of these factors on the interface chemistry in a sodium electrolyte, demonstrating how a molten-salt-like structure at the electrode surface results in dendrite-free metal cycling at higher rates. Such a structure will support the formation of a more favourable solid electrolyte interphase, accepted as being a critical factor in stable battery cycling. This new understanding will enable engineering of efficient anode electrodes by tuning the interfacial nanostructure via salt concentration and high-voltage preconditioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii A Rakov
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Shammi A Ferdousi
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hua Li
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thushan Pathirana
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexandr N Simonov
- School of Chemistry and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick C Howlett
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rangan S, Viereck J, Bartynski RA. Electronic Properties of Cyano Ionic Liquids: a Valence Band Photoemission Study. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:7909-7917. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Rangan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Laboratory for Surface Modification, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Jonathan Viereck
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Laboratory for Surface Modification, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Robert A. Bartynski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Laboratory for Surface Modification, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Imai M, Tanabe I, Ikehata A, Ozaki Y, Fukui KI. Attenuated total reflectance far-ultraviolet and deep-ultraviolet spectroscopy analysis of the electronic structure of a dicyanamide-based ionic liquid with Li+. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21768-21775. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03865b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the unique electronic structure of ionic liquid molecules around Li+ using electronic absorption spectroscopy, theoretical calculations, and chemometric analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Imai
- Department of Materials Engineering Science
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Ichiro Tanabe
- Department of Materials Engineering Science
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Akifumi Ikehata
- Food Research Institute
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Technology
- Kwansei Gakuin University
- Sanda
- Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Fukui
- Department of Materials Engineering Science
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kuusik I, Kook M, Pärna R, Kivimäki A, Käämbre T, Reisberg L, Kikas A, Kisand V. The electronic structure of ionic liquids based on the TFSI anion: A gas phase UPS and DFT study. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
18
|
Franco AA, Rucci A, Brandell D, Frayret C, Gaberscek M, Jankowski P, Johansson P. Boosting Rechargeable Batteries R&D by Multiscale Modeling: Myth or Reality? Chem Rev 2019; 119:4569-4627. [PMID: 30859816 PMCID: PMC6460402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses concepts, approaches, tools, and outcomes of multiscale modeling used to design and optimize the current and next generation rechargeable battery cells. Different kinds of multiscale models are discussed and demystified with a particular emphasis on methodological aspects. The outcome is compared both to results of other modeling strategies as well as to the vast pool of experimental data available. Finally, the main challenges remaining and future developments are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro A. Franco
- Laboratoire
de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS), CNRS UMR
7314, Université de Picardie Jules
Verne, Hub de l’Energie,
15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
- Réseau
sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR 3459, Hub de l’Energie,
15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
- ALISTORE-European
Research Institute, CNRS
FR 3104, Hub de l’Energie, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint Michel, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexis Rucci
- Laboratoire
de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS), CNRS UMR
7314, Université de Picardie Jules
Verne, Hub de l’Energie,
15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
- Réseau
sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR 3459, Hub de l’Energie,
15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Daniel Brandell
- ALISTORE-European
Research Institute, CNRS
FR 3104, Hub de l’Energie, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström
Laboratory, Box 538, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christine Frayret
- Laboratoire
de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS), CNRS UMR
7314, Université de Picardie Jules
Verne, Hub de l’Energie,
15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
- Réseau
sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR 3459, Hub de l’Energie,
15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
- ALISTORE-European
Research Institute, CNRS
FR 3104, Hub de l’Energie, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Miran Gaberscek
- ALISTORE-European
Research Institute, CNRS
FR 3104, Hub de l’Energie, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
- Department
for Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova
19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Piotr Jankowski
- ALISTORE-European
Research Institute, CNRS
FR 3104, Hub de l’Energie, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrik Johansson
- ALISTORE-European
Research Institute, CNRS
FR 3104, Hub de l’Energie, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ray P, Elfgen R, Kirchner B. Cation influence on heterocyclic ammonium ionic liquids: a molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:4472-4486. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07683a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four different ionic liquids (ILs) consisting of the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([NTf2]−) anion, with structurally similar systematically varying cations, are investigated herein through classical molecular dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Promit Ray
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- D-53115 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Roman Elfgen
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- D-53115 Bonn
- Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- D-53115 Bonn
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ray P, Balducci A, Kirchner B. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Lithium-Doped Ionic-Liquid Electrolytes. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:10535-10547. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b06022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Promit Ray
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jafta CJ, Bridges C, Haupt L, Do C, Sippel P, Cochran MJ, Krohns S, Ohl M, Loidl A, Mamontov E, Lunkenheimer P, Dai S, Sun XG. Ion Dynamics in Ionic-Liquid-Based Li-Ion Electrolytes Investigated by Neutron Scattering and Dielectric Spectroscopy. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:3512-3523. [PMID: 30133183 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of the diffusion mechanisms of ions in pure and doped ionic liquids remains an important aspect in the design of new ionic-liquid electrolytes for energy storage. To gain more insight into the widely used imidazolium-based ionic liquids, the relationship between viscosity, ionic conductivity, diffusion coefficients, and reorientational dynamics in the ionic liquid 3-methyl-1-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (DMIM-TFSI) with and without lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI) was examined. The diffusion coefficients for the DMIM+ cation and the role of ion aggregates were investigated by using the quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) and neutron spin echo techniques. Two diffusion mechanisms are observed for the DMIM+ cation with and without Li-TFSI, that is, translational and local. The data additionally suggest that Li+ ion transport along with ion aggregates, known as the vehicle mechanism, may play a significant role in the ion diffusion process. These dielectric-spectroscopy investigations in a broad temperature and frequency range reveal a typical α-β-relaxation scenario. The α relaxation mirrors the glassy freezing of the dipolar ions, and the β relaxation exhibits the signatures of a Johari-Goldstein relaxation. In contrast to the translational mode detected by neutron scattering, arising from the decoupled faster motion of the DMIM+ ions, the α relaxation is well coupled to the dc charge transport, that is, the average translational motion of all three ion species in the material. The local diffusion process detected by QENS is only weakly dependent on temperature and viscosity and can be ascribed to the typical fast dynamics of glass-forming liquids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charl J Jafta
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Craig Bridges
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Leon Haupt
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Changwoo Do
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Pit Sippel
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Malcolm J Cochran
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Stephan Krohns
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ohl
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alois Loidl
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Eugene Mamontov
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Peter Lunkenheimer
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sheng Dai
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Xiao-Guang Sun
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kuusik I, Berholts M, Kruusma J, Kisand V, Tõnisoo A, Lust E, Nõmmiste E. Valence electronic structure of [EMIM][BF4] ionic liquid: photoemission and DFT+D study. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30298-30304. [PMID: 35546846 PMCID: PMC9085424 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05865b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultraviolet photoelectron spectrum (UPS) of the [EMIM][BF4] ionic liquid was recorded and analyzed. Together with the gas-phase UPS spectrum of the [EMIM][BF4] vapor and ab initio calculation methods, detailed insight into the electronic structure of this simple ionic liquid is possible. The low binding energy tail in the UPS spectrum is about 7.4 eV, in agreement with previous estimations of the HOMO–LUMO gap of the [EMIM][BF4] ion-pair. The bulk ab initio calculations are able to explain most of the features in the spectrum. However, DFT consistently lacks accuracy in the description of the top of the valence band. The dispersion corrected PBE calculation (PBE-D3) did offer very good agreement with the experimental structure, but the recently-developed vdW-DF functionals C09, optPBE, optB88 and CX were found to offer the best agreement in terms of the electronic structure. The ultraviolet photoelectron spectrum (UPS) of the [EMIM][BF4] ionic liquid was recorded and compared to previously measured vapor phase UPS spectrum.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I. Kuusik
- Institute of Physics
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
| | - M. Berholts
- Institute of Physics
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
- Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
| | - J. Kruusma
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
| | - V. Kisand
- Institute of Physics
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
| | - A. Tõnisoo
- Institute of Physics
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
| | - E. Lust
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
| | - E. Nõmmiste
- Institute of Physics
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gouverneur M, Schmidt F, Schönhoff M. Negative effective Li transference numbers in Li salt/ionic liquid mixtures: does Li drift in the “Wrong” direction? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7470-7478. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08580j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to association with anions and an inverted drift direction in an electric field, Li+ cations have negative effective transference numbers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gouverneur
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - F. Schmidt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - M. Schönhoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ray P, Vogl T, Balducci A, Kirchner B. Structural Investigations on Lithium-Doped Protic and Aprotic Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5279-5292. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b02636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Promit Ray
- Mulliken
Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4 + 6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Helmholtzstr.
11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea Balducci
- Institute
for Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center
for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken
Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4 + 6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vatamanu J, Bedrov D, Borodin O. On the application of constant electrode potential simulation techniques in atomistic modelling of electric double layers. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2017.1279287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenel Vatamanu
- Materials Science & Engineering Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Electrochemistry Branch, Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate, Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA
| | - Dmitry Bedrov
- Materials Science & Engineering Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Oleg Borodin
- Electrochemistry Branch, Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate, Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mogurampelly S, Ganesan V. Structure and mechanisms underlying ion transport in ternary polymer electrolytes containing ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:074902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4976131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Mogurampelly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Computational and Engineering Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rüther T, Kanakubo M, Best AS, Harris KR. The importance of transport property studies for battery electrolytes: revisiting the transport properties of lithium–N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide mixtures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:10527-10542. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
All three ion–ion interactions contribute to transport properties in {Li[FSI]–[Pyr13][FSI]} mixtures. Tracer diffusion coefficients of LI+ in [Pyr13][FSI] are predicted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitsuhiro Kanakubo
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
- Sendai 983-8551
- Japan
| | | | - Kenneth R. Harris
- School of Physical
- Environmental and Mathematical Sciences
- The University of New South Wales
- Australian Defence Force Academy
- Canberra BC
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vatamanu J, Vatamanu M, Borodin O, Bedrov D. A comparative study of room temperature ionic liquids and their organic solvent mixtures near charged electrodes. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:464002. [PMID: 27623976 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/46/464002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The structural properties of electrolytes consisting of solutions of ionic liquids in a polar solvent at charged electrode surfaces are investigated using classical atomistic simulations. The studied electrolytes consisted of tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (NEt4-BF4), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (c2mim-BF4) and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (c8mim-BF4) salts dissolved in acetonitrile solvent. We discuss the influence of electrolyte concentration, chemical structure of the ionic salt, temperature, conducting versus semiconducting nature of the electrode, electrode geometry and surface roughness on the electric double layer structure and capacitance and compare these properties with those obtained for pure room temperature ionic liquids. We show that electrolytes consisting of solutions of ions can behave quite differently from pure ionic liquid electrolytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenel Vatamanu
- University of Utah, MSE Department, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Qu X, Persson KA. Toward Accurate Modeling of the Effect of Ion-Pair Formation on Solute Redox Potential. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:4501-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Qu
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kristin A. Persson
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Haskins JB, Wu JJ, Lawson JW. Computational and Experimental Study of Li-Doped Ionic Liquids at Electrified Interfaces. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2016; 120:11993-12011. [PMID: 33005284 PMCID: PMC7526643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b02449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate the influence of Li-salt doping on the dynamics, capacitance, and structure of three ionic liquid electrolytes, [pyr14][TFSI], [pyr13][FSI], and [EMIM][BF4], using molecular dynamics and polarizable force fields. In this respect, our focus is on the properties of the electric double layer (EDL) formed by the electrolytes at the electrode surface as a function of surface potential (Ψ). The rates of EDL formation are found to be on the order of hundreds of picoseconds and only slightly influenced by the addition of Li-salt. The EDLs of three electrolytes are shown to have different energy storage capacities, which we relate to the EDL formation free energy. The differential capacitance obtained from our computations exhibits asymmetry about the potential of zero charge and is consistent with the camel-like profiles noted from mean field theories and experiments on metallic electrodes. The introduction of Li-salt reduces the noted asymmetry in the differential capacitance profile. Complementary experimental capacitance measurements have been made on our three electrolytes in their neat forms and with Li-salt. The measurements, performed on glassy carbon electrodes, produce U-like profiles, and Li-salt doping is shown to strongly affect capacitance at high magnitudes of Ψ. Differences in the theoretical and experimental shapes and magnitudes of capacitance are rationalized in terms of the electrode surface and pseudocapacitive effects. In both neat and Li-doped liquids, the details of the computational capacitance profile are well described by Ψ-induced changes in the density and molecular orientation of ions in the molecular layer closest to the electrode. Our results suggest that the addition of Li+ induces disorder in the EDL, which originates from the strong binding of anions to Li+. An in-depth analysis of the distribution of Li+ in the EDL reveals that it does not readily enter the molecular layer at the electrode surface, preferring instead to be localized farther away from the surface in the second molecular layer. This behavior is validated through an analysis of the free energy of Li+ solvation as a function of distance from the electrode. Free energy wells are found to coincide with localized concentrations of Li+, the depths of which increase with Ψ and suggest a source of impedance for Li+ to reach the electrode. Finally, we make predictions of the specific energy at ideal graphite utilizing the computed capacitance and previously derived electrochemical windows of the liquids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin B. Haskins
- AMA Inc., Thermal Materials Protection Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA
| | - James J. Wu
- Photovoltaic and Electrochemical Systems Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA
| | - John W. Lawson
- Thermal Materials Protection Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Haskins JB, Lawson JW. Evaluation of molecular dynamics simulation methods for ionic liquid electric double layers. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:184707. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4948938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Justin B. Haskins
- AMA Inc., Thermal Protection Materials Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, MS N234-1, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA
| | - John W. Lawson
- Thermal Protection Materials Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, MS N234-1, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA
| |
Collapse
|