1
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Gant KL, Patankar MS, Campagnola PJ. A Perspective Review: Analyzing Collagen Alterations in Ovarian Cancer by High-Resolution Optical Microscopy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1560. [PMID: 38672642 PMCID: PMC11048585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the predominant subtype of ovarian cancer (OC), occurring in more than 80% of patients diagnosed with this malignancy. Histological and genetic analysis have confirmed the secretory epithelial of the fallopian tube (FT) as a major site of origin of HGSOC. Although there have been significant strides in our understanding of this disease, early stage detection and diagnosis are still rare. Current clinical imaging modalities lack the ability to detect early stage pathogenesis in the fallopian tubes and the ovaries. However, there are several microscopic imaging techniques used to analyze the structural modifications in the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein collagen in ex vivo FT and ovarian tissues that potentially can be modified to fit the clinical setting. In this perspective, we evaluate and compare the myriad of optical tools available to visualize these alterations and the invaluable insights these data provide on HGSOC initiation. We also discuss the clinical implications of these findings and how these data may help novel tools for early diagnosis of HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristal L. Gant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Manish S. Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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2
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Harvey M, Cisek R, Tokarz D, Kreplak L. Effect of out of plane orientation on polarization second harmonic generation of single collagen fibrils. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:6271-6282. [PMID: 38420315 PMCID: PMC10898559 DOI: 10.1364/boe.504304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has emerged as a powerful technique for visualizing collagen organization within tissues. Amongst the many advantages of SHG is its sensitivity to collagen nanoscale organization, and its presumed sensitivity to the relative out of plane polarity of fibrils. Recent results have shown that circular dichroism SHG (CD-SHG), a technique that has been commonly assumed to reveal the relative out of plane polarity of collagen fibrils, is actually insensitive to changes in fibril polarity. However, results from another research group seem to contradict this conclusion. Both previous results have been based on SHG imaging of collagen fibrils within tissues, therefore, to gain a definitive understanding of the sensitivity of SHG to relative out of plane polarity, the results from individual fibrils are desirable. Here we present polarization resolved SHG microscopy (PSHG) data from individual collagen fibrils oriented out of the image plane by buckling on an elastic substrate. We show through correlation with atomic force microscopy measurements that SHG intensity can be used to estimate the out of plane angle of individual fibrils. We then compare the sensitivity of two PSHG techniques, CD-SHG and polarization-in, polarization-out SHG (PIPO-SHG), to the relative out of plane polarity of individual fibrils. We find that for single fibrils CD-SHG is insensitive to relative out of polarity and we also demonstrate the first direct experimental confirmation that PIPO-SHG reveals the relative out of plane polarity of individual collagen fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacAulay Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Danielle Tokarz
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Laurent Kreplak
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science and School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4J5, Canada
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3
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Nelson MS, Liu Y, Wilson HM, Li B, Rosado-Mendez IM, Rogers JD, Block WF, Eliceiri KW. Multiscale Label-Free Imaging of Fibrillar Collagen in the Tumor Microenvironment. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2614:187-235. [PMID: 36587127 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2914-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
With recent advances in cancer therapeutics, there is a great need for improved imaging methods for characterizing cancer onset and progression in a quantitative and actionable way. Collagen, the most abundant extracellular matrix protein in the tumor microenvironment (and the body in general), plays a multifaceted role, both hindering and promoting cancer invasion and progression. Collagen deposition can defend the tumor with immunosuppressive effects, while aligned collagen fiber structures can enable tumor cell migration, aiding invasion and metastasis. Given the complex role of collagen fiber organization and topology, imaging has been a tool of choice to characterize these changes on multiple spatial scales, from the organ and tumor scale to cellular and subcellular level. Macroscale density already aids in the detection and diagnosis of solid cancers, but progress is being made to integrate finer microscale features into the process. Here we review imaging modalities ranging from optical methods of second harmonic generation (SHG), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) to the medical imaging approaches of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These methods have enabled scientists and clinicians to better understand the impact collagen structure has on the tumor environment, at both the bulk scale (density) and microscale (fibrillar structure) levels. We focus on imaging methods with the potential to both examine the collagen structure in as natural a state as possible and still be clinically amenable, with an emphasis on label-free strategies, exploiting intrinsic optical properties of collagen fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Nelson
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yuming Liu
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Helen M Wilson
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ivan M Rosado-Mendez
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeremy D Rogers
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Walter F Block
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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4
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Mirsanaye K, Uribe Castaño L, Kamaliddin Y, Golaraei A, Kontenis L, Ẑurauskas E, Navab R, Yasufuku K, Tsao MS, Wilson BC, Barzda V. Unsupervised determination of lung tumor margin with widefield polarimetric second-harmonic generation microscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20713. [PMID: 36456811 PMCID: PMC9715953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is amongst many tissue components affected by cancer, however, morphological changes of the ECM are not well-understood and thus, often omitted from diagnostic considerations. Polarimetric second-harmonic generation (P-SHG) microscopy allows for visualization and characterization of collagen ultrastructure in the ECM, aiding in better understanding of the changes induced by cancer throughout the tissue. In this paper, a large region of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained human lung section, encompassing a tumor margin, connecting a significant tumor portion to normal tissue was imaged with P-SHG microscopy. The resulting polarimetric parameters were utilized in principal components analysis and unsupervised K-Means clustering to separate normal- and tumor-like tissue. Consequently, a pseudo-color map of the clustered tissue regions is generated to highlight the irregularity of the ECM collagen structure throughout the region of interest and to identify the tumor margin, in the absence of morphological characteristics of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamdin Mirsanaye
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Leonardo Uribe Castaño
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Yasmeen Kamaliddin
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Ahmad Golaraei
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lukas Kontenis
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Light Conversion, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvardas Ẑurauskas
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Roya Navab
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kazuhiro Yasufuku
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian C Wilson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada.
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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5
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Characterization of collagen response to bone fracture healing using polarization-SHG. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18453. [PMID: 36323698 PMCID: PMC9630316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we extend on the three parameter analysis approach of utilizing a noninvasive dual-liquid-crystal-based polarization-resolved second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy to facilitate the quantitative characterization of collagen types I and II in fracture healing tissues. The SHG images under various linear and circular polarization states are analyzed and quantified in terms of the peptide pitch angle (PA), SHG-circular dichroism (CD), and anisotropy parameter (AP). The results show that the collagen PA has a value of 49.26° after 2 weeks of fracture healing (collagen type II domination) and 49.05° after 4 weeks (collagen type I domination). Moreover, the SHG-CD and AP values of the different collagen types differ by 0.05. The change tendencies of the extracted PA, SHG-CD, and AP parameters over the healing time are consistent with the collagen properties of healthy nonfractured bone. Thus, the feasibility of the proposed dual-liquid-crystal-based polarization-SHG method for differentiating between collagen types I and II in bone fracture healing tissue is confirmed.
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6
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Machine learning-enabled cancer diagnostics with widefield polarimetric second-harmonic generation microscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10290. [PMID: 35717344 PMCID: PMC9206659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) collagen undergoes major remodeling during tumorigenesis. However, alterations to the ECM are not widely considered in cancer diagnostics, due to mostly uniform appearance of collagen fibers in white light images of hematoxylin and eosin-stained (H&E) tissue sections. Polarimetric second-harmonic generation (P-SHG) microscopy enables label-free visualization and ultrastructural investigation of non-centrosymmetric molecules, which, when combined with texture analysis, provides multiparameter characterization of tissue collagen. This paper demonstrates whole slide imaging of breast tissue microarrays using high-throughput widefield P-SHG microscopy. The resulting P-SHG parameters are used in classification to differentiate tumor from normal tissue, resulting in 94.2% for both accuracy and F1-score, and 6.3% false discovery rate. Subsequently, the trained classifier is employed to predict tumor tissue with 91.3% accuracy, 90.7% F1-score, and 13.8% false omission rate. As such, we show that widefield P-SHG microscopy reveals collagen ultrastructure over large tissue regions and can be utilized as a sensitive biomarker for cancer diagnostics and prognostics studies.
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7
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Jambor AN, Shelton EM, Kijowski R, Henak CR, Campagnola PJ. Assessing collagen alterations in enzymatic degradation models of osteoarthritis via second harmonic generation microscopy. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1590-1599. [PMID: 34454101 PMCID: PMC8542598 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Structural changes in the collagen II architecture of osteoarthritis (OA) are poorly understood, which is a large shortcoming in the early diagnosis of this disease. Though degradation can be simulated by enzymes including trypsin and bacterial collagenase, the specific structural features of each digestion and their relationship to naturally occurring OA remain unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used collagen sensitive/specific Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy in conjunction with optical scattering measurements to probe the resulting architecture changes in bovine knee cartilage upon trypsin and collagenase degradation. Image features extracted from SHG images were used to train a linear discriminant (LD) model capable of classifying enzymatic degradation, which was then applied to human cartilage with varied modified Mankin histological scores. RESULTS The treatment of cartilage with these enzymes resulted in more disorganized collagen structure, where this effect was greatest with collagenase treatment. Using the LD model, we classified the control and degraded tissues in the three zones with >92% accuracy, showing that these enzymes have distinct activity on the collagen assembly. Application of the LD model to human cartilage indicated that collagenase effects were more representative of in vivo degeneration and were also consistent with damage beginning at the articular surface and progressing into deeper zones. CONCLUSIONS SHG and optical scattering measurements successfully delineate trypsin and collagenase degradation and suggest that collagen alterations in human OA are better simulated by the latter mechanism. These results lay the groundwork for using high-resolution SHG and optical scattering as an earlier diagnostic tool than is currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Jambor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Emily M. Shelton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA,Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Richard Kijowski
- Department of Radiology, 600 Highland Ave, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Corinne R. Henak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA,,
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA,,
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8
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Huang SY, Singh AK, Huang JS. Signal and noise analysis for chiral structured illumination microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:23056-23072. [PMID: 34614578 DOI: 10.1364/oe.425670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, chiral structured illumination microscopy has been proposed to image fluorescent chiral domains at sub-wavelength resolution. Chiral structured illumination microscopy is based on the combination of structured illumination microscopy, fluorescence-detected circular dichroism, and optical chirality engineering. Since circular dichroism of natural chiral molecules is typically weak, the differential fluorescence is also weak and can be easily buried by the noise, hampering the fidelity of the reconstructed images. In this work, we systematically study the impact of the noise on the quality and resolution of chiral domain images obtained by chiral SIM. We analytically describe the signal-to-noise ratio of the reconstructed chiral SIM image in the Fourier domain and verify our theoretical calculations with numerical demonstrations. Accordingly, we discuss the feasibility of chiral SIM in different experimental scenarios and propose possible strategies to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio for samples with weak circular dichroism.
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9
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James DS, Brereton CJ, Davies DE, Jones MG, Campagnola PJ. Examining lysyl oxidase-like modulation of collagen architecture in 3D spheroid models of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis via second-harmonic generation microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210062R. [PMID: 34145800 PMCID: PMC8212879 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.6.066501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients have a poor prognosis with short lifespan following diagnosis as there are limited effective treatment options. Despite matrix stiffening being the hallmark of the disease there remains a lack of knowledge surrounding the underlying collagen alterations in the disease. Specifically, while increased collagen crosslinking has been implicated, the resulting effects on collagen macro/supramolecular changes have not been explored. AIM We sought to determine if second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy could characterize differences in the collagen architecture in 3D spheroid models of IPF grown under different crosslinking modulation conditions (promotion and inhibition). APPROACH We used SHG metrics based on the fiber morphology, relative SHG brightness, and macro/supramolecular structure by SHG polarization analyses to compare the structure of the IPF spheroids. RESULTS Comparison of the fiber morphology of the spheroids showed that the control group had the longest, straightest, and thickest fibers. The spheroids with crosslink enhancement and inhibition had the highest and lowest SHG conversion efficiencies, respectively, consistent with the resulting harmonophore density. SHG polarization analyses showed that the peptide pitch angle, alignment of collagen molecules, and overall chirality were altered upon crosslink modulation and were also consistent with reduced organization relative to the control group. CONCLUSIONS While no single SHG signature is associated with crosslinking, we show that the suite of metrics used here is effective in delineating alterations across the collagen architecture sizescales. The results largely mirror those of human tissues and demonstrate that the combination of 3D spheroid models and SHG analysis is a powerful approach for hypothesis testing the roles of operative cellular and molecular factors in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian S. James
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Christopher J. Brereton
- University of Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
- University Hospital Southampton, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
- University of Southampton, Institute for Life Sciences, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Donna E. Davies
- University of Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
- University Hospital Southampton, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
- University of Southampton, Institute for Life Sciences, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark G. Jones
- University of Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
- University Hospital Southampton, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
- University of Southampton, Institute for Life Sciences, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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10
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Chen CH, Nair AV, Chuang SC, Lin YS, Cheng MH, Lin CY, Chang CY, Chen SJ, Lien CH. Dual-LC PSHG microscopy for imaging collagen type I and type II gels with pixel-resolution analysis. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:3050-3065. [PMID: 34168914 PMCID: PMC8194623 DOI: 10.1364/boe.416193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Collagen of type I (Col I) and type II (Col II) are critical for cartilage and connective tissues in the human body, and several diseases may alter their properties. Assessing the identification and quantification of fibrillar collagen without biomarkers is a challenge. Advancements in non-invasive polarization-resolved second-harmonic generation (PSHG) microscopy have provided a method for the non-destructive investigation of collagen molecular level properties. Here we explored an alternative polarization modulated approach, dual-LC PSHG, that is based on two liquid crystal devices (Liquid crystal polarization rotators, LPRs) operating simultaneously with a laser scanning SHG microscope. We demonstrated that this more accessible technology allows the quick and accurate generation of any desired linear and circular polarization state without any mechanical parts. This study demonstrates that this method can aid in improving the ability to quantify the characteristics of both types of collagen, including pitch angle, anisotropy, and circular dichroism analysis. Using this approach, we estimated the effective pitch angle for Col I and Col II to be 49.7° and 51.6°, respectively. The effective peptide pitch angle for Col II gel was first estimated and is similar to the value obtained for Col I gel in the previous studies. Additionally, the difference of the anisotropy parameter of both collagen type gels was assessed to be 0.293, which reflects the different type molecular fibril assembly. Further, our work suggests a potential method for monitoring and differentiating different collagen types in biological tissues, especially cartilage or connective tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hwan Chen
- Orthopaedic Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Departments of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Shu-Chun Chuang
- Orthopaedic Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsin Cheng
- Orthopaedic Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Chang
- College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Lien
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan
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11
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James DS, Campagnola PJ. Recent Advancements in Optical Harmonic Generation Microscopy: Applications and Perspectives. BME FRONTIERS 2021; 2021:3973857. [PMID: 37849910 PMCID: PMC10521653 DOI: 10.34133/2021/3973857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG) microscopies have emerged as powerful imaging modalities to examine structural properties of a wide range of biological tissues. Although SHG and THG arise from very different contrast mechanisms, the two are complimentary and can often be collected simultaneously using a modified multiphoton microscope. In this review, we discuss the needed instrumentation for these modalities as well as the underlying theoretical principles of SHG and THG in tissue and describe how these can be leveraged to extract unique structural information. We provide an overview of recent advances showing how SHG microscopy has been used to evaluate collagen alterations in the extracellular matrix and how this has been used to advance our knowledge of cancers, fibroses, and the cornea, as well as in tissue engineering applications. Specific examples using polarization-resolved approaches and machine learning algorithms are highlighted. Similarly, we review how THG has enabled developmental biology and skin cancer studies due to its sensitivity to changes in refractive index, which are ubiquitous in all cell and tissue assemblies. Lastly, we offer perspectives and outlooks on future directions of SHG and THG microscopies and present unresolved questions, especially in terms of overall miniaturization and the development of microendoscopy instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian S. James
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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12
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The effect of atomic point charges on adsorption isotherms of CO2 and water in metal organic frameworks. ADSORPTION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-019-00187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe interactions between metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and adsorbates have been increasingly predicted and studied by computer simulations, particularly by Grand-Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC), as this method enables comparing the results with experimental data and also provides a degree of molecular level detail that is difficult to obtain in experiments. The assignment of atomic point charges to each atom of the framework is essential for modelling Coulombic interactions between the MOF and the adsorbate. Such interactions are important in adsorption of polar gases like water or carbon dioxide, both of which are central in carbon capture processes. The aim of this work is to systematically investigate the effect of varying atomic point charges on adsorption isotherm predictions, identify the underlying trends, and based on this knowledge to improve existing models in order to increase the accuracy of gas adsorption prediction in MOFs. Adsorption isotherms for CO2 and water in several MOFs were generated with GCMC, using the same computational parameters for each material except framework point charge sets that were obtained through a wide range of computational approaches. We carried out this work for 6 widely studied MOFs; IRMOF-1, MIL-47, UiO-66, CuBTC, Co-MOF-74 and SIFSIX-2-Cu-I. We included both MOFs with and without open metal sites (OMS), specifically to investigate whether this property affects the predicted adsorption behaviour. Our results show that point charges obtained from quantum mechanical calculations on fully periodic structures are generally more consistent and reliable than those obtained from either cluster-based QM calculations or semi-empirical approaches. Furthermore, adsorption in MOFs that contain OMS is much more sensitive to the point charge values, with particularly large variability being observed for water adsorption in such MOFs. This suggests that particular care must be taken when simulating adsorption of polar molecules in MOFs with open metal sites to ensure that accurate results are obtained.
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13
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James DS, Jambor AN, Chang HY, Alden Z, Tilbury KB, Sandbo NK, Campagnola PJ. Probing ECM remodeling in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis via second harmonic generation microscopy analysis of macro/supramolecular collagen structure. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 25:1-13. [PMID: 31785093 PMCID: PMC7008503 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.1.014505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease with poor prognosis with short lifespan following diagnosis as patients have limited effective treatment options. A fundamental limitation is a lack of knowledge of the underlying collagen alterations in the disease, as this could lead to better diagnostics, prognostics, and measures of treatment efficacy. While the fibroses is the primary presentation of the disease, the collagen architecture has not been well studied beyond standard histology. Here, we used several metrics based on second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy and optical scattering measurements to characterize the subresolution collagen assembly in human IPF and normal lung tissues. Using SHG directional analysis, we found that while collagen synthesis is increased in IPF, the resulting average fibril architecture is more disordered than in normal tissue. Wavelength-dependent optical scattering measurements lead to the same conclusion, and both optical approaches are consistent with ultrastructural analysis. SHG circular dichroism revealed significant differences in the net chirality between the fibrotic and normal collagen, where the former has a more randomized helical structure. Collectively, the measurements reveal significant changes in the collagen macro/supramolecular structure in the abnormal fibrotic collagen, and we suggest these alterations can serve as biomarkers for IPF diagnosis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian S. James
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Alexander N. Jambor
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Hsin-Yu Chang
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Zachary Alden
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Karissa B. Tilbury
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Nathan K. Sandbo
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Address all correspondence to Paul J. Campagnola, E-mail:
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14
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Di Martino JS, Mondal C, Bravo-Cordero JJ. Textures of the tumour microenvironment. Essays Biochem 2019; 63:619-629. [PMID: 31654075 PMCID: PMC6839695 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we present recent findings on the dynamic nature of the tumour microenvironment (TME) and how intravital microscopy studies have defined TME components in a spatiotemporal manner. Intravital microscopy has shed light into the nature of the TME, revealing structural details of both tumour cells and other TME co-habitants in vivo, how these cells communicate with each other, and how they are organized in three-dimensional space to orchestrate tumour growth, invasion, dissemination and metastasis. We will review different imaging tools, imaging reporters and fate-mapping strategies that have begun to uncover the complexity of the TME in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie S Di Martino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at
Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chandrani Mondal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at
Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at
Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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15
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Golaraei A, Kontenis L, Mirsanaye K, Krouglov S, Akens MK, Wilson BC, Barzda V. Complex Susceptibilities and Chiroptical Effects of Collagen Measured with Polarimetric Second-Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12488. [PMID: 31462663 PMCID: PMC6713739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48636-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optical properties of collagen type-I are investigated in thin tissue sections of pig tendon as a research model using a complete polarimetric second-harmonic generation (P-SHG) microscopy technique called double Stokes-Mueller polarimetry (DSMP). Three complex-valued molecular susceptibility tensor component ratios are extracted. A significant retardance is observed between the chiral susceptibility component and the achiral components, while the achiral components appear to be in phase with each other. The DSMP formalism and microscopy measurements are further used to explain and experimentally validate the conditions required for SHG circular dichroism (SHG-CD) of collagen to occur. The SHG-CD can be observed with the microscope when: (i) the chiral second-order susceptibility tensor component has a non-zero value, (ii) a phase retardance is present between the chiral and achiral components of the second-order susceptibility tensor and (iii) the collagen fibres are tilted out of the image plane. Both positive and negative areas of SHG-CD are observed in microscopy images, which relates to the anti-parallel arrangement of collagen fibres in different fascicles of the tendon. The theoretical formalism and experimental validation of DSMP imaging technique opens new opportunities for ultrastructural characterisation of chiral molecules, in particular collagen, and provides basis for the interpretation of SHG-CD signals. The nonlinear imaging of chiroptical parameters offers new possibilities to further improve the diagnostic sensitivity and/or specificity of nonlinear label-free histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Golaraei
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Toronto, M5S 1A7, Canada
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Mississauga, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Lukas Kontenis
- Light Conversion Ltd., LT-10223, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Vilnius University, Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius, 10223, Lithuania
| | - Kamdin Mirsanaye
- University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Toronto, M5S 1A7, Canada
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Mississauga, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Serguei Krouglov
- University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Toronto, M5S 1A7, Canada
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Mississauga, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Margarete K Akens
- Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L5, Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Surgery, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Brian C Wilson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Toronto, M5S 1A7, Canada.
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Mississauga, L5L 1C6, Canada.
- Vilnius University, Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius, 10223, Lithuania.
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16
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Schmeltz M, Teulon C, Latour G, Ghoubay D, Borderie V, Aimé C, Schanne-Klein MC. Implementation of artifact-free circular dichroism SHG imaging of collagen. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:22685-22699. [PMID: 31510554 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.022685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) enables in situ imaging of fibrillar collagen architecture in connective tissues. Recently, Circular Dichroism SHG (CD-SHG) microscopy has been implemented to take advantage of collagen chirality to improve 3D visualization. It measures the normalized difference in the SHG signal obtained upon excitation by left versus right circular polarizations. However, CD-SHG signal is not well characterized yet, and quite different CD-SHG values are reported in the literature. Here, we identify two major artifacts that may occur in CD-SHG experiments and we demonstrate that thorough optimization and calibration of the experimental setup are required for CD-SHG imaging. Notably it requires a careful calibration of the incident circular polarizations and a perfect mechanical stabilization of the microscope stage. Finally, we successfully record CD-SHG images in human cornea sections and confirm that this technique efficiently reveals collagen fibrils oriented out of the focal plane.
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17
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Saerens G, Lang L, Renaut C, Timpu F, Vogler-Neuling V, Durand C, Tchernycheva M, Shtrom I, Bouravleuv A, Grange R, Timofeeva M. Image-based autofocusing system for nonlinear optical microscopy with broad spectral tuning. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:19915-19930. [PMID: 31503746 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.019915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present an image-based autofocusing system applied in nonlinear microscopy and spectroscopy with a wide range of excitation wavelengths. The core of the developed autofocusing system consists of an adapted two-step procedure maximizing an image score with six different image scorings algorithms implemented to cover different types of focusing scenarios in automated regime for broad wavelength region. The developed approach is combined with an automated multi-axis alignment procedure. We demonstrate the key abilities of the autofocusing procedure on different types of structures: single nanoparticles, nanowires and complex 3D nanostructures. Based on these experiments, we determine the optimal autofocusing algorithms for different types of structures and applications.
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18
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Natal RDA, Paiva GR, Pelegati VB, Marenco L, Alvarenga CA, Vargas RF, Derchain SF, Sarian LO, Franchet C, Cesar CL, Schmitt FC, Weigelt B, Vassallo J. Exploring Collagen Parameters in Pure Special Types of Invasive Breast Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7715. [PMID: 31118443 PMCID: PMC6531485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the promising tools to evaluate collagen in the extracellular matrix is the second-harmonic generation microscopy (SHG). This approach may shed light on the biological behavior of cancers and their taxonomy, but has not yet been applied to characterize collagen fibers in cases diagnosed as invasive breast carcinoma (BC) of histological special types (IBC-ST). Tissue sections from 99 patients with IBC-ST and 21 of invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST) were submitted to evaluation of collagen parameters by SHG. Tissue microarray was performed to evaluate immunohistochemical-based molecular subtype. In intratumoral areas, fSHG and bSHG (forward-SHG and backward-SHG) collagen parameters achieved their lowest values in mucinous, papillary and medullary carcinomas, whereas the highest values were found in classic invasive lobular and tubular carcinomas. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis and minimal spanning tree using intratumoral collagen parameters allowed the identification of three main groups of breast cancer: group A (classic invasive lobular and tubular carcinomas); group B (IBC-NST, metaplastic, invasive apocrine and micropapillary carcinomas); and group C (medullary, mucinous and papillary carcinomas). Our findings provide further characterization of the tumor microenvironment of IBC-ST. This understanding may add information to build more consistent tumor categorization and to refine prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo de Andrade Natal
- Laboratory of Investigative and Molecular Pathology, CIPED - Faculty of Medical Sciences - State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Zip code: 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Geisilene R Paiva
- Laboratory of Specialized Pathology, LAPE - Faculty of Medical Sciences - State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Zip code: 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor B Pelegati
- Department of Quantum Electronics -Institute of Physics "Gleb Wataghin" - State University of Campinas, Rua Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, 777, Zip code: 13083-859, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ludwing Marenco
- Department of Quantum Electronics -Institute of Physics "Gleb Wataghin" - State University of Campinas, Rua Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, 777, Zip code: 13083-859, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - César A Alvarenga
- Instituto de Patologia de Campinas (Private Laboratory), Av. Andrade Neves, 1801, Zip Code: 13070-000, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato F Vargas
- Laboratory of Specialized Pathology, LAPE - Faculty of Medical Sciences - State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Zip code: 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sophie F Derchain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology - Faculty of Medical Sciences - State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Zip code: 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis O Sarian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology - Faculty of Medical Sciences - State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Zip code: 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camille Franchet
- Department of Pathology, University Cancer Institute, Avenue Irene Joliot Curie, 1, Zip code: 31059, Toulousse, France
| | - Carlos L Cesar
- Department of Quantum Electronics -Institute of Physics "Gleb Wataghin" - State University of Campinas, Rua Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, 777, Zip code: 13083-859, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physics, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Campus do Pici - Bloco 922 - Zip code: 60455-760, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Schmitt
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of Porto University (IPATIMUP) - Porto University, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, Zip code: 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.,National Santé Laboratory, Department of Medicine - L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology - Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, York Avenue 1275, Zip code: 10065, New York, USA
| | - José Vassallo
- Laboratory of Investigative and Molecular Pathology, CIPED - Faculty of Medical Sciences - State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Zip code: 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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19
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Tokarz D, Cisek R, Joseph A, Golaraei A, Mirsanaye K, Krouglov S, Asa SL, Wilson BC, Barzda V. Characterization of Pancreatic Cancer Tissue Using Multiphoton Excitation Fluorescence and Polarization-Sensitive Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:272. [PMID: 31058080 PMCID: PMC6478795 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thin tissue sections of normal and tumorous pancreatic tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin were investigated using multiphoton excitation fluorescence (MPF), second harmonic generation (SHG), and third harmonic generation (THG) microscopies. The cytoplasm, connective tissue, collagen and extracellular structures are visualized with MPF due to the eosin stain, whereas collagen is imaged with endogenous SHG contrast that does not require staining. Cellular structures, including membranous interfaces and nuclear components, are seen with THG due to the aggregation of hematoxylin dye. Changes in the collagen ultrastructure in pancreatic cancer were investigated by a polarization-sensitive SHG microscopy technique, polarization-in, polarization-out (PIPO) SHG. This involves measuring the orientation of the linear polarization of the SHG signal as a function of the linear polarization orientation of the incident laser radiation. From the PIPO SHG data, the second-order non-linear optical susceptibility ratio, χ(2) zzz '/χ(2) zxx ', was obtained that serves as a structural parameter for characterizing the tissue. Furthermore, by assuming C6 symmetry, an additional second-order non-linear optical susceptibility ratio, χ(2) xyz '/χ(2) zxx ', was obtained, which is a measure of the chirality of the collagen fibers. Statistically-significant differences in the χ(2) zzz '/χ(2) zxx ' values were found between tumor and normal pancreatic tissues in periductal, lobular, and parenchymal regions, whereas statistically-significant differences in the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of χ(2) xyz '/χ(2) zxx ' occurrence histograms were found between tumor and normal pancreatic tissues in periductal and parenchymal regions. Additionally, the PIPO SHG data were used to determine the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) of the SHG signal, which indicates the relative linear depolarization of the signal. Statistically-significant differences in DOLP values were found between tumor and normal pancreatic tissues in periductal and parenchymal regions. Hence, the differences observed in the χ(2) zzz '/χ(2) zxx ' values, the FWHM of χ(2) xyz '/χ(2) zxx ' values and the DOLP values could potentially be used to aid pathologists in diagnosing pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Tokarz
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ariana Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ahmad Golaraei
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kamdin Mirsanaye
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Serguei Krouglov
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvia L. Asa
- University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian C. Wilson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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20
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Ricard-Blum S, Baffet G, Théret N. Molecular and tissue alterations of collagens in fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:122-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Campbell KR, Chaudhary R, Handel JM, Patankar MS, Campagnola PJ. Polarization-resolved second harmonic generation imaging of human ovarian cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-8. [PMID: 29900704 PMCID: PMC5998835 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.6.066501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Remodeling of the extracellular matrix in human ovarian cancer can be manifested in increased collagen concentration, changes in alignment within fibrils/fibers and/or up-regulation of different collagen isoforms. We used pixel-based second harmonic generation (SHG) polarization microscopy analyses to probe these molecular changes in human ovarian tissues [normal stroma, benign tumors, and high-grade serous (HGS) tumors] by: (i) determination of the α-helical pitch angle via the single-axis molecular model, (ii) collagen alignment within fibrils via SHG anisotropy, and (iii) chirality via SHG circular dichroism (SHG-CD). Pixel approaches are required due to the complex structure of the matrix that lacks a high degree of fiber alignment. The largest differences in the helical pitch angle were between normal stroma and benign tumors, consistent with gene expression showing the Col III isoform is up-regulated in the latter. The data were not consistent with up-regulation of Col III in HGS tumors as previous reports have suggested. The different tissues also displayed differing SHG anisotropies and SHG-CD responses, consistent with either Col III incorporation or randomization of Col I alignment within benign and malignant tumors. Additionally, the high-grade tumors displayed higher collagen concentration, where this desmoplasia is consistent with the higher fiber density in these tissues. These results collectively indicate that the fibril assemblies are distinct in all tissues, where these differences likely result from the synthesis of collagen rather than remodeling of existing collagen. Importantly, these analyses are label-free and interrogate subresolution collagen structure on intact tissues, without the need for conventional structural biology tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby R. Campbell
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Rajeev Chaudhary
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Julia M. Handel
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Manish S. Patankar
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Paul J. Campagnola, E-mail:
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22
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Cai X, Liu Z, Zhao S, Song C, Dong S, Xiao J. A single stranded fluorescent peptide probe for targeting collagen in connective tissues. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:11905-11908. [PMID: 29043304 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06056d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We herein report the construction of a novel single stranded fluorescent collagen mimetic peptide by introducing a bulky FAM dye in the central region rather than the N terminus. Without the need for any prior thermal or ultraviolet treatment, the peptide probe can be conveniently applied to specifically target collagen in connective tissues for fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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23
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Campbell KR, Campagnola PJ. Assessing local stromal alterations in human ovarian cancer subtypes via second harmonic generation microscopy and analysis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-7. [PMID: 29188658 PMCID: PMC5847644 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.11.116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The collagen architecture in all human ovarian cancers is substantially remodeled, where these alterations are manifested in different fiber widths, fiber patterns, and fibril size and packing. Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has differentiated normal tissues from high-grade serous (HGS) tumors with high accuracy; however, the classification between low-grade serous, endometrioid, and benign tumors was less successful. We postulate this is due to known higher genetic variation in these tissues relative to HGS tumors, which are genetically similar, and this results in more heterogeneous collagen remodeling in the respective matrix. Here, we examine fiber widths and SHG emission intensity and directionality locally within images (e.g., 10×10 microns) and show that normal tissues and HGS tumors are more uniform in fiber properties as well as in fibril size and packing than the other tissues. Moreover, these distributions are in good agreement with phase matching considerations relating SHG emission directionality and intensity. The findings show that in addition to average collagen assembly properties the intrinsic heterogeneity must also be considered as another aspect of characterization. These local analyses showed differences not shown in pure intensity-based image analyses and may provide further insight into disease etiology of the different tumor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby R. Campbell
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Paul J. Campagnola, E-mail:
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