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Bogris A, Burger NA, Makris KG, Loppinet B, Fytas G. Intermixed Time-Dependent Self-Focusing and Defocusing Nonlinearities in Polymer Solutions. ACS PHOTONICS 2022; 9:722-728. [PMID: 35211646 PMCID: PMC8855434 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Low-power visible light can lead to spectacular nonlinear effects in soft-matter systems. The propagation of visible light through transparent solutions of certain polymers can experience either self-focusing or defocusing nonlinearity, depending on the solvent. We show how the self-focusing and defocusing responses can be captured by a nonlinear propagation model using local spatial and time-integrating responses. We realize a remarkable pattern formation in ternary solutions and model it assuming a linear combination of the self-focusing and defocusing nonlinearities in the constituent solvents. This versatile response of solutions to light irradiation may introduce a new approach for self-written waveguides and patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Bogris
- FORTH,
Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department
of Materials Science and Technology, University
of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nikolaos A. Burger
- FORTH,
Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department
of Materials Science and Technology, University
of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantinos G. Makris
- FORTH,
Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department
of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Benoit Loppinet
- FORTH,
Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Fytas
- FORTH,
Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Max-Planck
Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Bogris A, Wang J, Anyfantakis M, Loppinet B, Craig SL, Butt HJ, Fytas G. Solvent-Dependent Light-Induced Structures in Gem-Dichlorocyclopropanated Polybutadiene Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:6995-7001. [PMID: 29890076 PMCID: PMC6122843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b02463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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The
formation of permanent structures upon mild red laser illumination
in transparent polydiene solutions is examined in the case of gem-dichlorocyclopropanated
polybutadiene (gDCC-PB) polymers bearing 15% functional
units of the dichlorocyclopropane groups. The response was found to
be distinct from the precursor PB. Whereas fiber-like patterns were
clearly observed in both precursor and gDCC-PB solutions
in cyclohexane, these were absent in the case of gDCC-PB/chloroform but were present in the precursor PB/chloroform
solutions. The involved mechanical stresses were not sufficient for
the gDCC activation to be detected by NMR spectroscopy.
Remarkably, addition of even 10 wt % gDCC-PB into
the latter solution sufficed to suppress the light-induced patterning.
The importance of the chemical environment on the response to light
irradiation was further checked and confirmed by use of other PB copolymers.
Different diameter patterns and kinetics were observed. The strong
solvent and comonomer mediated effect was reflected neither in solvency
nor in optical polarizability differences of the polymers solvent
couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bogris
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser , Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas , 70013 Heraklion , Crete , Greece.,Department of Materials Science and Technology , University of Crete , 70013 Heraklion , Crete , Greece
| | - J Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - M Anyfantakis
- Physics & Materials Science Research Unit , University of Luxembourg , 162a Avenue de la Faiencerie , Luxembourg L-1511 , Luxembourg
| | - B Loppinet
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser , Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas , 70013 Heraklion , Crete , Greece
| | - S L Craig
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - H-J Butt
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - G Fytas
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser , Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas , 70013 Heraklion , Crete , Greece.,Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz , Germany
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