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Liu M, Tang G, Liu Y, Jiang FL. Ligand Exchange of Quantum Dots: A Thermodynamic Perspective. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1975-1984. [PMID: 38346356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) consist of an inorganic core and organic surface ligands. Surface ligands play a dominant role in maintaining the colloidal stability of QDs and passivating the surface defects of QDs. However, the original ligands introduced in the synthetic process of QDs cannot meet the requirements for diverse applications; therefore, ligand exchanges with functional ligands are mandatory. Understanding the ligand exchange process requires a comprehensive combination of the concepts and techniques of surface chemistry. In this Perspective, the ligand exchange process is discussed in detail. Specifically, we elaborate on the thermodynamics that can reveal the feasibility and mechanism of ligand exchange. It depicts a critical physical picture of the surface of QDs along with the following ligand exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ge Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Lei Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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Zhao JY, Wang ZG, Hu H, Zhang ZL, Tang B, Luo MY, Yang LL, Wang B, Pang DW. How different are the surfaces of semiconductor Ag 2Se quantum dots with various sizes? Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:619-625. [PMID: 36546123 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The surface of nanocrystals plays a dominant role in many of their physical and chemical properties. However, controllability and tunability of nanocrystal surfaces remain unsolved. Herein, we report that the surface chemistry of nanocrystals, such as near-infrared Ag2Se quantum dots (QDs), is size-dependent and composition-tunable. The Ag2Se QDs tend to form a stable metal complex on the surface to minimize the surface energy, and therefore the surface chemistry can be varied with particle size. Meanwhile, changes in surface inorganic composition lead to reorganization of the surface ligands, and the surface chemistry also varies with composition. Therefore, the surface chemistry of Ag2Se QDs, responsible for the photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield and photostability, can be tuned by changing their size or composition. Accordingly, we demonstrate that the PL intensity of the Ag2Se QDs can be tuned reversely by adjusting the degree of surface Ag+ enrichment via light irradiation or the addition of AgNO3. This work provides insight into the control of QD surface for desired PL properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ya Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hui Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Meng-Yao Luo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Cui P, Xue Y. Effects of co-adsorption on interfacial charge transfer in a quantum dot@dye composite. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:147. [PMID: 34542732 PMCID: PMC8452815 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sensitive electronic environment at the quantum dot (QD)-dye interface becomes a roadblock to enhancing the energy conversion efficiency of dye-functionalized quantum dots (QDs). Energy alignments and electronic couplings are the critical factors governing the directions and rates of different charge transfer pathways at the interface, which are tunable by changing the specific linkage groups that connect a dye to the QD surface. The variation of specific anchors changes the binding configurations of a dye on the QD surface. In addition, the presence of a co-adsorbent changes the dipole-dipole and electronic interactions between a QD and a dye, resulting in different electronic environments at the interface. In the present work, we performed density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations to study the different binding configurations of N719 dye on the surface of a Cd33Se33 QD with a co-adsorbent D131 dye. The results revealed that the electronic couplings for electron transfer were greater than for hole transfer when the structure involved isocyanate groups as anchors. Such strong electronic couplings significantly stabilize the occupied states of the dye, pushing them deep inside the valence band of the QD and making hole transfer in these structures thermodynamically unfavourable. When carboxylates were involved as anchors, the electronic couplings for hole transfer were comparable to electron transfer, implying efficient charge separation at the QD-dye interface and reduced electron-hole recombination within the QD. We also found that the electronic couplings for electron transfer were larger than those for back electron transfer, suggesting efficient charge separation in photoexcited QDs. Overall, the current computational study reveals some fundamental aspects of the relationship between the interfacial charge transfer for QD@dye composites and their morphologies which benefit the design of QD-based nanomaterials for photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Xue
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Jayawardena HSN, Liyanage SH, Rathnayake K, Patel U, Yan M. Analytical Methods for Characterization of Nanomaterial Surfaces. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1889-1911. [PMID: 33434434 PMCID: PMC7941215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Surangi N Jayawardena
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Sajani H Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Kavini Rathnayake
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Unnati Patel
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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