1
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Malpathak S, Ananth N. Semiclassical dynamics in Wigner phase space I: Adiabatic hybrid Wigner dynamics. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:094109. [PMID: 39234962 DOI: 10.1063/5.0223185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The Wigner phase space formulation of quantum mechanics is a complete framework for quantum dynamic calculations that elegantly highlights connections with classical dynamics. In this series of two articles, building upon previous efforts, we derive the full hierarchy of approximate semiclassical (SC) dynamic methods for adiabatic and non-adiabatic problems in Wigner phase space. In Paper I, focusing on adiabatic single surface processes, we derive the well-known double Herman-Kluk (DHK) approximation for real-time correlation functions in Wigner phase space and connect it to the linearized SC (LSC) approximation through a stationary phase approximation. We exploit this relationship to introduce a new hybrid SC method, termed Adiabatic Hybrid Wigner Dynamics (AHWD) that allows for a few important "system" degrees of freedom (dofs) to be treated at the DHK level, while treating the rest of the dofs (the "bath") at the LSC level. AHWD is shown to accurately capture quantum interference effects in models of coupled oscillators and the decoherence of vibrational probability density of a model I2 Morse oscillator coupled to an Ohmic thermal bath. We show that AHWD significantly mitigates the sign problem and employs reduced dimensional prefactors bringing calculations of complex system-bath problems within the reach of SC methods. Paper II focuses on extending this hybrid SC dynamics to nonadiabatic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas Malpathak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Nandini Ananth
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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2
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Schatz GC, Wodtke AM, Yang X. Spiers Memorial Lecture: New directions in molecular scattering. Faraday Discuss 2024; 251:9-62. [PMID: 38764350 DOI: 10.1039/d4fd00015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The field of molecular scattering is reviewed as it pertains to gas-gas as well as gas-surface chemical reaction dynamics. We emphasize the importance of collaboration of experiment and theory, from which new directions of research are being pursued on increasingly complex problems. We review both experimental and theoretical advances that provide the modern toolbox available to molecular-scattering studies. We distinguish between two classes of work. The first involves simple systems and uses experiment to validate theory so that from the validated theory, one may learn far more than could ever be measured in the laboratory. The second class involves problems of great complexity that would be difficult or impossible to understand without a partnership of experiment and theory. Key topics covered in this review include crossed-beams reactive scattering and scattering at extremely low energies, where quantum effects dominate. They also include scattering from surfaces, reactive scattering and kinetics at surfaces, and scattering work done at liquid surfaces. The review closes with thoughts on future promising directions of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Schatz
- Dept of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg August University, Goettingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Natural Sciences, Goettingen, Germany.
- International Center for the Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Xueming Yang
- Dalian Institute for Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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3
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Liu XY, Wang SR, Fang WH, Cui G. Nuclear Quantum Effects on Nonadiabatic Dynamics of a Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophore Analogue: Ring-Polymer Surface-Hopping Simulation. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3426-3439. [PMID: 38656202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we have used the "on-the-fly" ring-polymer surface-hopping simulation method with the centroid approximation (RPSH-CA), in combination with the multireference OM2/MRCI electronic structure calculations to study the photoinduced dynamics of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore analogue in the gas phase, i.e., o-HBI, at 50, 100, and 300 K with 1, 5, 10, and 15 beads (3600 1 ps trajectories). The electronic structure calculations identified five new minimum-energy conical intersection (MECI) structures, which, together with the previous one, play crucial roles in the excited-state decay dynamics of o-HBI. It is also found that the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) occurs in an ultrafast manner and is completed within 20 fs in all the simulation conditions because there is no barrier associated with this ESIPT process in the S1 state. However, the other excited-state dynamical results are strongly related to the number of beads. At 50 and 100 K, the nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) are very important; therefore, the excited-state dynamical results change significantly with the bead number. For example, the S1 decay time deduced from time-dependent state populations becomes longer as the bead number increases. Nevertheless, an essentially convergent trend is observed when the bead number is close to 10. In contrast, at 300 K, the NQEs become weaker and the above dynamical results converge very quickly even with 1 bead. Most importantly, the NQEs seriously affect the excited-state decay mechanism of o-HBI. At 50 and 100 K, most trajectories decay to the S0 state via perpendicular keto MECIs, whereas, at 300 K, only twisted keto MECIs are responsible for the excited-state decay. The present work not only comprehensively explores the temperature-dependent photoinduced dynamics of o-HBI, but also demonstrates the importance and necessity of NQEs in nonadiabatic dynamics simulations, especially at relatively low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Sheng-Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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4
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Gerrits N, Jackson B, Bogaerts A. Accurate Reaction Probabilities for Translational Energies on Both Sides of the Barrier of Dissociative Chemisorption on Metal Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2566-2572. [PMID: 38416779 PMCID: PMC10926167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations are essential for a better understanding of dissociative chemisorption on metal surfaces, which is often the rate-controlling step in heterogeneous and plasma catalysis. The workhorse quasi-classical trajectory approach ubiquitous in molecular dynamics is able to accurately predict reactivity only for high translational and low vibrational energies. In contrast, catalytically relevant conditions generally involve low translational and elevated vibrational energies. Existing quantum dynamics approaches are intractable or approximate as a result of the large number of degrees of freedom present in molecule-metal surface reactions. Here, we extend a ring polymer molecular dynamics approach to fully include, for the first time, the degrees of freedom of a moving metal surface. With this approach, experimental sticking probabilities for the dissociative chemisorption of methane on Pt(111) are reproduced for a large range of translational and vibrational energies by including nuclear quantum effects and employing full-dimensional simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Gerrits
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Post Office
Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
- Research
Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bret Jackson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Research
Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
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5
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Shi L, Schröder M, Meyer HD, Peláez D, Wodtke AM, Golibrzuch K, Schönemann AM, Kandratsenka A, Gatti F. Quantum and classical molecular dynamics for H atom scattering from graphene. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:194102. [PMID: 37965999 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents systematic comparisons between classical molecular dynamics (cMD) and quantum dynamics (QD) simulations of 15-dimensional and 75-dimensional models in their description of H atom scattering from graphene. We use an experimentally validated full-dimensional neural network potential energy surface of a hydrogen atom interacting with a large cell of graphene containing 24 carbon atoms. For quantum dynamics simulations, we apply Monte Carlo canonical polyadic decomposition to transform the original potential energy surface (PES) into a sum of products form and use the multi-layer multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree method to simulate the quantum scattering of a hydrogen or deuterium atom with an initial kinetic energy of 1.96 or 0.96 eV and an incident angle of 0°, i.e., perpendicular to the graphene surface. The cMD and QD initial conditions have been carefully chosen in order to be as close as possible. Our results show little differences between cMD and QD simulations when the incident energy of the H atom is equal to 1.96 eV. However, a large difference in sticking probability is observed when the incident energy of the H atom is equal to 0.96 eV, indicating the predominance of quantum effects. To the best of our knowledge, our work provides the first benchmark of quantum against classical simulations for a system of this size with a realistic PES. Additionally, new projectors are implemented in the Heidelberg multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree package for the calculation of the atom scattering energy transfer distribution as a function of outgoing angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay UMR 8214, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Markus Schröder
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Meyer
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Peláez
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay UMR 8214, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kai Golibrzuch
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Schönemann
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fabien Gatti
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay UMR 8214, 91405 Orsay, France
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6
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Bühler J, Roncin P, Brand C. Describing the scattering of keV protons through graphene. Front Chem 2023; 11:1291065. [PMID: 38033471 PMCID: PMC10687178 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1291065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Implementing two-dimensional materials in technological solutions requires fast, economic, and non-destructive tools to ensure efficient characterization. In this context, scattering of keV protons through free-standing graphene was proposed as an analytical tool. Here, we critically evaluate the predicted effects using classical simulations including a description of the lattice's thermal motion and the membrane corrugation via statistical averaging. Our study shows that the zero-point motion of the lattice atoms alone leads to considerable broadening of the signal that is not properly described by thermal averaging of the interaction potential. In combination with the non-negligible probability for introducing defects, it limits the prospect of proton scattering at 5 keV as an analytic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Bühler
- Department of Quantum Nanophysics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Quantum Technologies, Ulm, Germany
| | - Philippe Roncin
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay (ISMO), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Christian Brand
- Department of Quantum Nanophysics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Quantum Technologies, Ulm, Germany
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7
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Li C, Li Y, Jiang B. First-principles surface reaction rates by ring polymer molecular dynamics and neural network potential: role of anharmonicity and lattice motion. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5087-5098. [PMID: 37206404 PMCID: PMC10189860 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06559b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Elementary gas-surface processes are essential steps in heterogeneous catalysis. A predictive understanding of catalytic mechanisms remains challenging due largely to difficulties in accurately characterizing the kinetics of such steps. Experimentally, thermal rates for elementary surface reactions can now be measured using a novel velocity imaging technique, providing a stringent testing ground for ab initio rate theories. Here, we propose to combine ring polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD) rate theory with state-of-the-art first-principles-determined neural network potential to calculate surface reaction rates. Taking NO desorption from Pd(111) as an example, we show that the harmonic approximation and the neglect of lattice motion in the commonly-used transition state theory overestimates and underestimates the entropy change during the desorption process, respectively, leading to opposite errors in rate coefficient predictions and artificial error cancellations. Including anharmonicity and lattice motion, our results reveal a generally neglected surface entropy change due to significant local structural change during desorption and obtain the right answer for the right reasons. Although quantum effects are found to be less important in this system, the proposed approach establishes a more reliable theoretical benchmark for accurately predicting the kinetics of elementary gas-surface processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yongle Li
- Department of Physics, International Center of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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8
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Krüger K, Wang Y, Tödter S, Debbeler F, Matveenko A, Hertl N, Zhou X, Jiang B, Guo H, Wodtke AM, Bünermann O. Hydrogen atom collisions with a semiconductor efficiently promote electrons to the conduction band. Nat Chem 2023; 15:326-331. [PMID: 36411362 PMCID: PMC9986106 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Born-Oppenheimer approximation is the keystone of modern computational chemistry and there is wide interest in understanding under what conditions it remains valid. Hydrogen atom scattering from insulator, semi-metal and metal surfaces has helped provide such information. The approximation is adequate for insulators and for metals it fails, but not severely. Here we present hydrogen atom scattering from a semiconductor surface: Ge(111)c(2 × 8). Experiments show bimodal energy-loss distributions revealing two channels. Molecular dynamics trajectories within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation reproduce one channel quantitatively. The second channel transfers much more energy and is absent in simulations. It grows with hydrogen atom incidence energy and exhibits an energy-loss onset equal to the Ge surface bandgap. This leads us to conclude that hydrogen atom collisions at the surface of a semiconductor are capable of promoting electrons from the valence to the conduction band with high efficiency. Our current understanding fails to explain these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Krüger
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yingqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, NM, USA
| | - Sophia Tödter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix Debbeler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Matveenko
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nils Hertl
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Xueyao Zhou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, NM, USA
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- International Center of Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Bünermann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- International Center of Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.
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9
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Greenwood T, Koehler SPK. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Nitric Oxide Scattering Off Graphene. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200216. [PMID: 35894260 PMCID: PMC9804444 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We performed classical molecular dynamics simulations to model the scattering process of nitric oxide, NO, off graphene supported on gold. This is motivated by our desire to probe the energy transfer in collisions with graphene. Since many of these collision systems comprising of graphene and small molecules have been shown to scatter non-reactively, classical molecular dynamics appear to describe such systems sufficiently. We directed thousands of trajectories of NO molecules onto graphene along the surface normal, while varying impact position, but also speed, orientation, and rotational excitation of the nitric oxide, and compare the results with experimental data. While experiment and theory do not match quantitatively, we observe agreement that the relative amount of kinetic energy lost during the collision increases with increasing initial kinetic energy of the NO. Furthermore, while at higher collision energies, all NO molecules lose some energy, and the vast majority of NO is scattered back, in contrast at low impact energies, the fraction of those nitric oxide molecules that are trapped at the surface increases, and some NO molecules even gain some kinetic energy during the collision process. The collision energy seems to preferentially go into the collective motion of the carbon atoms in the graphene sheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Greenwood
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityM1 5GDManchesterUK
| | - Sven P. K. Koehler
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityM1 5GDManchesterUK,Fakultät II, Hochschule HannoverRicklinger Stadtweg 12030459HannoverGermany
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10
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Litman Y, Pós ES, Box CL, Martinazzo R, Maurer RJ, Rossi M. Dissipative tunneling rates through the incorporation of first-principles electronic friction in instanton rate theory. I. Theory. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:194106. [PMID: 35597633 DOI: 10.1063/5.0088399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactions involving adsorbates on metallic surfaces and impurities in bulk metals are ubiquitous in a wide range of technological applications. The theoretical modeling of such reactions presents a formidable challenge for theory because nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) can play a prominent role and the coupling of the atomic motion with the electrons in the metal gives rise to important non-adiabatic effects (NAEs) that alter atomic dynamics. In this work, we derive a theoretical framework that captures both NQEs and NAEs and, due to its high efficiency, can be applied to first-principles calculations of reaction rates in high-dimensional realistic systems. More specifically, we develop a method that we coin ring polymer instanton with explicit friction (RPI-EF), starting from the ring polymer instanton formalism applied to a system-bath model. We derive general equations that incorporate the spatial and frequency dependence of the friction tensor and then combine this method with the ab initio electronic friction formalism for the calculation of thermal reaction rates. We show that the connection between RPI-EF and the form of the electronic friction tensor presented in this work does not require any further approximations, and it is expected to be valid as long as the approximations of both underlying theories remain valid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Litman
- MPI for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - E S Pós
- MPI for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C L Box
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Martinazzo
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - R J Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M Rossi
- MPI for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Begušić T, Tao X, Blake GA, Miller TF. Equilibrium-nonequilibrium ring-polymer molecular dynamics for nonlinear spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:131102. [PMID: 35395895 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional Raman and hybrid terahertz-Raman spectroscopic techniques provide invaluable insight into molecular structures and dynamics of condensed-phase systems. However, corroborating experimental results with theory is difficult due to the high computational cost of incorporating quantum-mechanical effects in the simulations. Here, we present the equilibrium-nonequilibrium ring-polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD), a practical computational method that can account for nuclear quantum effects on the two-time response function of nonlinear optical spectroscopy. Unlike a recently developed approach based on the double Kubo transformed (DKT) correlation function, our method is exact in the classical limit, where it reduces to the established equilibrium-nonequilibrium classical molecular dynamics method. Using benchmark model calculations, we demonstrate the advantages of the equilibrium-nonequilibrium RPMD over classical and DKT-based approaches. Importantly, its derivation, which is based on the nonequilibrium RPMD, obviates the need for identifying an appropriate Kubo transformed correlation function and paves the way for applying real-time path-integral techniques to multidimensional spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Begušić
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Xuecheng Tao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Blake
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Thomas F Miller
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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12
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Wu LY, Miossec C, Heazlewood BR. Low-temperature reaction dynamics of paramagnetic species in the gas phase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3240-3254. [PMID: 35188499 PMCID: PMC8902758 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06394d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Radicals are abundant in a range of important gas-phase environments. They are prevalent in the atmosphere, in interstellar space, and in combustion processes. As such, understanding how radicals react is essential for the development of accurate models of the complex chemistry occurring in these gas-phase environments. By controlling the properties of the colliding reactants, we can also gain insights into how radical reactions occur on a fundamental level. Recent years have seen remarkable advances in the breadth of experimental methods successfully applied to the study of reaction dynamics involving paramagnetic species-from improvements to the well-known crossed molecular beams approach to newer techniques involving magnetically guided and decelerated beams. Coupled with ever-improving theoretical methods, quantum features are being observed and interesting insights into reaction dynamics are being uncovered in an increasingly diverse range of systems. In this highlight article, we explore some of the exciting recent developments in the study of chemical dynamics involving paramagnetic species. We focus on low-energy reactive collisions involving neutral radical species, where the reaction parameters are controlled. We conclude by identifying some of the limitations of current methods and exploring possible new directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok Yiu Wu
- The Oliver Lodge, Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK.
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Chloé Miossec
- The Oliver Lodge, Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK.
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Brianna R Heazlewood
- The Oliver Lodge, Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK.
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13
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Marjollet A, Inhester L, Welsch R. Initial state-selected scattering for the reactions H + CH4/CHD3 and F + CHD3 employing ring polymer molecular dynamics. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:044101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0076216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Marjollet
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Notkestr. 9-11, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. Inhester
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Welsch
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Wang C, Ulusoy IS, Aebersold LE, Wilson AK. Multi-configuration electron-nuclear dynamics: An open-shell approach. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:154103. [PMID: 34686063 DOI: 10.1063/5.0063478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi-configuration electron-nuclear dynamics for open shell systems with a spin-unrestricted formalism is described. The mean fields are evaluated using second-order reduced density matrices for electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom. Applications to light-element diatomics including equilibrium geometries, electronic energies, dipole moments, and absorption spectra are presented. The von Neumann entropies for different spin states of a LiH molecule are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, USA
| | - Inga S Ulusoy
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, USA
| | - Lucas E Aebersold
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, USA
| | - Angela K Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, USA
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Bhowmick S, Hernández MI, Campos-Martínez J, Suleimanov YV. Isotopic separation of helium through graphyne membranes: a ring polymer molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18547-18557. [PMID: 34612392 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02121d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microscopic-level understanding of the separation mechanism for two-dimensional (2D) membranes is an active area of research due to potential implications of this class of membranes for various technological processes. Helium (He) purification from the natural resources is of particular interest due to the shortfall in its production. In this work, we applied the ring polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD) method to graphdiyne (Gr2) and graphtriyne (Gr3) 2D membranes having variable pore sizes for the separation of He isotopes, and compare for the first time with rigorous quantum calculations. We found that the transmission rate through Gr3 is many orders of magnitude greater than Gr2. The selectivity of either isotope at low temperatures is a consequence of a delicate balance between the zero-point energy effect and tunneling of 4He and 3He. In particular, a remarkable tunneling effect is reported on the Gr2 membrane at 10 K, leading to a much larger permeation of the lighter species as compared to the heavier isotope. RPMD provides an efficient approach for studying the separation of He isotopes, taking into account quantum effects of light nuclei motions at low temperatures, which classical methods fail to capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Bhowmick
- Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus.
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Li C, Liu Q, Zhang L, Li Y, Jiang B. Ring polymer molecular dynamics in gas-surface reactions: tests on initial sampling and potential energy landscape. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1941367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongle Li
- Department of Physics, International Center of Quantum and Molecular Structures and Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
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