1
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Hetherington CV, Mohan T M N, Tilluck RW, Beck WF, Levine BG. Origin of Vibronic Coherences During Carrier Cooling in Colloidal Quantum Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11651-11658. [PMID: 38109055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy experiments [Tilluck et al. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2021, 12 (39), 9677-9683] indicate the creation of coherent vibronic wavepackets in the first femtoseconds of hot carrier cooling in hexadecylamine-passivated CdSe quantum dots. Here we present a quantum chemical study of the origin of these coherences in a CdSe nanocrystal. We find that coherent wavepacket motions along vibrational coordinates with alkylamine character promote nonradiative relaxation through conical intersections between the exciton states of the inorganic core. Electronic excitations in the core are found to pass energy to the vibrations of the ligands via two distinct mechanisms: excitation of core phonon modes that are coupled to the ligand vibrations and direct excitation of ligand vibrations by delocalization of the exciton onto the ligands, both of which naturally arise within a photochemical framework based on many-electron potential energy surfaces. If these findings are demonstrated to be general, vibronic coherences may be leveraged to control photophysical outcomes in colloidal quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin V Hetherington
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University Stony Brook, New York 11733 United States
| | - Nila Mohan T M
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 United States
| | - Ryan W Tilluck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 United States
| | - Warren F Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 United States
| | - Benjamin G Levine
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University Stony Brook, New York 11733 United States
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2
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Zeng P, Ren X, Wei L, Zhao H, Liu X, Zhang X, Xu Y, Yan L, Boldt K, Smith TA, Liu M. Control of Hot Carrier Relaxation in CsPbBr
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Nanocrystals Using Damping Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202111443. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zeng
- School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 China
| | - Xinjian Ren
- School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 China
| | - Linfeng Wei
- School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 China
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 China
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 China
| | - Xinyang Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 China
| | - Yanmin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique School of Electronic Science and Engineering Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Lihe Yan
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique School of Electronic Science and Engineering Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Klaus Boldt
- Department of Chemistry & Zukunftskolleg University of Konstanz 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Trevor A. Smith
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science & School of Chemistry The University of Melbourne Parkville 3010 Victoria Australia
| | - Mingzhen Liu
- School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 China
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3
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Zeng P, Ren X, Wei L, Zhao H, Liu X, Zhang X, Xu Y, Yan L, Boldt K, Smith TA, Liu M. Control of Hot Carrier Relaxation in CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals Using Damping Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zeng
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Materials and Energy CHINA
| | - Xinjian Ren
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Materials and Energy CHINA
| | - Linfeng Wei
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Materials and Energy CHINA
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Materials and Energy CHINA
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Materials and Energy No.2006, Xiyuan AvenueHi Tech West District 611731 Chengdu CHINA
| | - Xinyang Zhang
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Materials and Energy No.2006, Xiyuan AvenueHi Tech West District 611731 Chengdu CHINA
| | - Yanmin Xu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Electronic Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Lihe Yan
- Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Electronic Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Klaus Boldt
- Universität Konstanz: Universitat Konstanz Department of Chemistry and Zukunftskolleg GERMANY
| | | | - Mingzhen Liu
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Center for Applied Chemistry No.2006, Xiyuan Road 611731 Chendu CHINA
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4
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Tilluck RW, Mohan T M N, Hetherington CV, Leslie CH, Sil S, Frazier J, Zhang M, Levine BG, Van Patten PG, Beck WF. Vibronic Excitons and Conical Intersections in Semiconductor Quantum Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9677-9683. [PMID: 34590846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface defects and organic surface-capping ligands affect the photoluminescence properties of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) by altering the rates of competing nonradiative relaxation processes. In this study, broadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy reveals that absorption of light by QDs prepares vibronic excitons, excited states derived from quantum coherent mixing of the core electronic and ligand vibrational states. Rapidly damped coherent wavepacket motions of the ligands are observed during hot-carrier cooling, with vibronic coherence transferred to the photoluminescent state. These findings suggest a many-electron, molecular theory for the electronic structure of QDs, which is supported by calculations of the structures of conical intersections between the exciton potential surfaces of a small ammonia-passivated model CdSe nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Tilluck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Nila Mohan T M
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Caitlin V Hetherington
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11733, United States
| | - Chase H Leslie
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Sourav Sil
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jared Frazier
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
| | - Mengliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
| | - Benjamin G Levine
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11733, United States
| | - P Gregory Van Patten
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
| | - Warren F Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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5
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Mack TG, Spinelli J, Andrews MP, Kambhampati P. Resonance Raman Vibrational Mode Enhancement of Adsorbed Benzenethiols on CdSe Is Predominantly Franck-Condon in Nature and Governed by Symmetry. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7935-7941. [PMID: 34387493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report mode-specific resonance Raman enhancements of ligands covalently bound to the surface of colloidal CdSe nanocrystals (NCs). By the systematic comparison of a set of structural derivatives, the extent of resonance Raman enhancement is shown to be directly related to the molecular symmetry of the bound ligands. The enhancement dependence on molecular symmetry is further discussed in terms of Franck-Condon and Herzberg-Teller contributions and their associated selection rules. We further show that resonance Raman may be used to distinguish between possible surface binding motifs of bidentate ligands under continuous wave excitation. More generally, this work demonstrates the usefulness of resonance Raman as a characterization tool when characterizing adsorbed molecular species on semiconductor NC surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G Mack
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Juliana Spinelli
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Mark P Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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6
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Yang W, Liu Y, Edvinsson T, Castner A, Wang S, He S, Ott S, Hammarström L, Lian T. Photoinduced Fano Resonances between Quantum Confined Nanocrystals and Adsorbed Molecular Catalysts. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5813-5818. [PMID: 34132552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of surface adsorbate vibration and intraband electron absorption in nanocrystals has been reported to affect the photophysical properties of both nanocrystals and surface adsorbates and may affect the performance of hybrid photocatalysts composed of semiconductor nanocrystals and molecular catalysts. Here, by combining ultrafast transient visible and IR spectroscopic measurements, we report the observation of Fano resonances between the intraband transition of the photogenerated electrons in CdS and CdSe nanocrystals and CO stretching vibrational modes of adsorbed molecular catalysts, [Fe2(cbdt)(CO)6] (FeFe; cbdt = 1-carboxyl-benzene-2,3-dithiolate), a molecular mimic for the active site of FeFe-hydrogenase. The occurrence of Fano resonances is independent of nanocrystal types (rods vs dots) or charge transfer character between the nanocrystal and FeFe, and is likely a general feature of nanocrystal and molecular catalyst hybrid systems. These results provide new insights into the fundamental interactions in these hybrid assemblies for artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yawei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Tomas Edvinsson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, 75103 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ashleigh Castner
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shihuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sheng He
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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7
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Preeyanka N, Sarkar M. Probing How Various Metal Ions Interact with the Surface of QDs: Implication of the Interaction Event on the Photophysics of QDs. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6995-7007. [PMID: 34047563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With an aim to understand the mechanism of interaction between quantum dots (QDs) and various metal ions, fluorescence response of less-toxic and water-soluble glutathione-capped Zn-Ag-In-S (GSH@ZAIS) QDs in the presence of different metal ions has been investigated at both ensemble and single-molecule level. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy has also been performed to obtain a molecular level understanding of the interaction event. The steady-state data reveal no significant change in QD emission for alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, while there is a decrease in fluorescence intensity for transition metal (TM) and some heavy transition metal (HTM) ions. Interestingly, a significant fluorescent enhancement (FE) (19-96%) of QDs is found for Cd2+ ions. Time-resolved fluorescence studies reveal that all the three decay components of QDs decrease in the presence of first-row TM ions. However, in the case of Cd2+, the shorter component is found to increase while the longer one decreases. The analysis of data reveals that photoinduced electron transfer is responsible for fluorescence quenching of QDs in the presence of first-row TM ions and destruction/removal of trap/defect states in the case of Cd2+ causes the FE. In FT-IR experiments, a prominent peak at 670 cm-1, corresponding to Cd-S stretching vibrations, indicates strong ground-state interactions between the -SH of GSH and Cd2+ ions. Moreover, a decrease in the diffusion coefficient of QDs in the presence of Cd2+ ions during fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) studies further substantiates the removal of GSH by Cd2+ from the surface of QDs. The optical output of this study demonstrates that ZAIS can be used for fluorescence signaling of various metal ions and in particular selective detection of Cd2+. More importantly, these results also suggest that Cd2+ can effectively be used for enhancing the fluorescence quantum yield of thiol-capped QDs such as GSH@ZAIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naupada Preeyanka
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Jatni, Khurda, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai 400 094, India
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences (CIS), NISER, Jatni, Khurda, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Moloy Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Jatni, Khurda, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai 400 094, India
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences (CIS), NISER, Jatni, Khurda, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
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8
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Khrebtov AI, Danilov VV, Kulagina AS, Reznik RR, Skurlov ID, Litvin AP, Safin FM, Gridchin VO, Shevchuk DS, Shmakov SV, Yablonskiy AN, Cirlin GE. Influence of TOPO and TOPO-CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots on Luminescence Photodynamics of InP/InAsP/InPHeterostructure Nanowires. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030640. [PMID: 33807550 PMCID: PMC8001706 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The passivation influence by ligands coverage with trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and TOPO including colloidal CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) on optical properties of the semiconductor heterostructure, namely an array of InP nanowires (NWs) with InAsP nanoinsertion grown by Au-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on Si (111) substrates, was investigated. A significant dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) dynamics of the InAsP insertions on the ligand type was shown, which was associated with the changes in the excitation translation channels in the heterostructure. This change was caused by a different interaction of the ligand shells with the surface of InP NWs, which led to the formation of different interfacial low-energy states at the NW-ligand boundary, such as surface-localized antibonding orbitals and hybridized states that were energetically close to the radiating state and participate in the transfer of excitation. It was shown that the quenching of excited states associated with the capture of excitation to interfacial low-energy traps was compensated by the increasing role of the "reverse transfer" mechanism. As a result, the effectiveness of TOPO-CdSe/ZnS QDs as a novel surface passivation coating was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem I. Khrebtov
- Alferov University, Khlopinast. 8/3, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.K.); (R.R.R.); (D.S.S.); (S.V.S.); (G.E.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vladimir V. Danilov
- Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Moskovsky pr. 9, 191031 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Anastasia S. Kulagina
- Alferov University, Khlopinast. 8/3, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.K.); (R.R.R.); (D.S.S.); (S.V.S.); (G.E.C.)
- Ioffe Institute, Polytechnicheskayast. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rodion R. Reznik
- Alferov University, Khlopinast. 8/3, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.K.); (R.R.R.); (D.S.S.); (S.V.S.); (G.E.C.)
- ITMO University, Kronverkskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.D.S.); (A.P.L.); (F.M.S.)
- Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Ivana Chernykhst. 31-33 A, 190103 St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskayast. 1, Peterhof, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Ivan D. Skurlov
- ITMO University, Kronverkskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.D.S.); (A.P.L.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Alexander P. Litvin
- ITMO University, Kronverkskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.D.S.); (A.P.L.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Farrukh M. Safin
- ITMO University, Kronverkskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.D.S.); (A.P.L.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Vladislav O. Gridchin
- St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskayast. 1, Peterhof, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Dmitriy S. Shevchuk
- Alferov University, Khlopinast. 8/3, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.K.); (R.R.R.); (D.S.S.); (S.V.S.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Stanislav V. Shmakov
- Alferov University, Khlopinast. 8/3, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.K.); (R.R.R.); (D.S.S.); (S.V.S.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Artem N. Yablonskiy
- Institute for Physics of Microstructures RAS, GSP-105, Academicheskayast. 7, Afonino, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;
| | - George E. Cirlin
- Alferov University, Khlopinast. 8/3, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.K.); (R.R.R.); (D.S.S.); (S.V.S.); (G.E.C.)
- Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Ivana Chernykhst. 31-33 A, 190103 St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskayast. 1, Peterhof, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- ETU “LETI”, Professora Popova st. 5, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
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9
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Mrad R, Poggi M, Ben Chaâbane R, Negrerie M. Role of surface defects in colloidal cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanocrystals in the specificity of fluorescence quenching by metal cations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 571:368-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Feng D, Yakovlev DR, Dubertret B, Bayer M. Charge Separation Dynamics in CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Nanoplatelets Addressed by Coherent Electron Spin Precession. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7237-7244. [PMID: 32453553 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the charge separation dynamics provided by carrier surface trapping in CdSe/CdS core/shell nanoplatelets by means of a three-laser-beam pump-orientation-probe technique, detecting the electron spin coherence at room temperature. Signals with two Larmor precession frequencies are found, which strongly differ in their dynamical characteristics and dependencies on pump power and shell thickness. The electron trapping process occurs on a time scale of about 10 ns, and the charge separation induced thereby has a long lifetime of up to hundreds of microseconds. On the other hand, the hole trapping requires times from subpicoseconds to hundreds of picoseconds, and the induced charge separation has a lifetime of a few nanoseconds. With increasing CdS shell thickness the hole trapping vanishes, while the electron trapping is still detectable. These findings have important implications for understanding the photophysical processes of nanoplatelets and other colloidal nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Dmitri R Yakovlev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Benoit Dubertret
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI, CNRS, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
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11
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Sanderson WM, Hoy J, Morrison C, Wang F, Wang Y, Morrison PJ, Buhro WE, Loomis RA. Excitation Energy Dependence of Photoluminescence Quantum Yields in Semiconductor Nanomaterials with Varying Dimensionalities. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3249-3256. [PMID: 32255643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The excitation energy dependence (EED) of the photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦPL) of semiconductor nanoparticles with varying dimensionalities is reported. Specifically, the EEDs of CdSe quantum dots, CdSe quantum platelets, CdSe quantum belts, and CdTe quantum wires were determined via measurements of individual ΦPL values and photoluminescence efficiency (PLEff(E)) spectra. There is a general trend of overall decreasing efficiency for radiative recombination with increasing excitation energy. In addition, there are often local minima in the PLEff(E) spectra that are most often at energies between quantum-confinement transitions. The average PL lifetimes of the samples do not depend on the excitation energy, suggesting that the EED of ΦPL arises from charge carrier trapping that competes efficiently with intraband carrier relaxation to the band edge. The local minima in the PLEff(E) spectra are attributed to excitation into optically coupled states that results in the loss of carriers in the semiconductor. The EED data suggest that the PLEff(E) spectra depend on the sample synthesis, preparation, surface passivation, and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Sanderson
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1134, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Jessica Hoy
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1134, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Calynn Morrison
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1134, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Fudong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1134, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1134, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Paul J Morrison
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1134, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - William E Buhro
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1134, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Richard A Loomis
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1134, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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12
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Kennehan ER, Munson KT, Doucette GS, Marshall AR, Beard MC, Asbury JB. Dynamic Ligand Surface Chemistry of Excited PbS Quantum Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2291-2297. [PMID: 32131595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ligand shell around colloidal quantum dots mediates the electron and energy transfer processes that underpin their use in optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications. Here, we show that the surface chemistry of carboxylate anchoring groups of oleate ligands passivating PbS quantum dots undergoes significant changes when the quantum dots are excited to their excitonic states. We directly probe the changes of surface chemistry using time-resolved mid-infrared spectroscopy that records the evolution of the vibrational frequencies of carboxylate groups following excitation of the electronic states. The data reveal a reduction of the Pb-O coordination of carboxylate anchoring groups to lead atoms at the quantum dot surfaces. The dynamic surface chemistry of the ligands may increase their surface mobility in the excited state and enhance the ability of molecular species to penetrate the ligand shell to undergo energy and charge transfer processes that depend sensitively on distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Kennehan
- Magnitude Instruments, State College, Pennsylvania 16803, United States
| | - Kyle T Munson
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Grayson S Doucette
- Intercollege Materials Science and Engineering Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ashley R Marshall
- Chemical and Materials Science, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Matthew C Beard
- Chemical and Materials Science, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - John B Asbury
- Magnitude Instruments, State College, Pennsylvania 16803, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Intercollege Materials Science and Engineering Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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13
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Talite MJ, Huang HY, Cai KB, Capinig Co KC, Cynthia Santoso PA, Chang SH, Chou WC, Yuan CT. Visible-Transparent Luminescent Solar Concentrators Based on Carbon Nanodots in the Siloxane Matrix with Ultrahigh Quantum Yields and Optical Transparency at High-Loading Contents. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:567-573. [PMID: 31885273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Visible-transparent luminescent solar concentrators (VT-LSCs) can be integrated with solar cells for designing solar glasses. Recently, rare-earth complexes, semiconductor nanocrystals, and carbon nanodots (CNDs) have been applied in developing VT-LSCs. However, several challenges still existed, such as quantum yields (QYs) at high-loading contents, scattering/reabsorption losses, and stability. Here, highly luminescent and visible-transparent composites based on organosilane-functionalized CNDs (Si-CNDs) cross-linked in the siloxane matrix were prepared. The composites with a high-loading content (∼10 wt %) possess ultrahigh QYs of ∼94% due to surface passivation, cross-linking-enhanced emission, and negligible inter-CND energy transfer. Moreover, they still appear exceptionally transparent and, thus, are suitable for VT-LSCs. Eco-friendly VT-LSCs without colored tinting were fabricated, yielding high internal and external quantum efficiencies of ∼66% and ∼3.9%. Our demonstration would pave a bright way for the utilization of eco-friendly VT-LSCs in solar glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jessabel Talite
- Department of Electrophysics , National Chiao Tung University , 300 Hsinchu , Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ying Huang
- Department of Physics , Chung Yuan Christian University , 320 Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Kun-Bin Cai
- Department of Physics , Chung Yuan Christian University , 320 Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | | | | | - Sheng-Hsiung Chang
- Department of Physics , Chung Yuan Christian University , 320 Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Wu-Ching Chou
- Department of Electrophysics , National Chiao Tung University , 300 Hsinchu , Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tsu Yuan
- Department of Physics , Chung Yuan Christian University , 320 Taoyuan , Taiwan
- Department of Nanotechnology , Chung Yuan Christian University , 320 Taoyuan , Taiwan
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology , Chung Yuan Christian University , 320 Taoyuan , Taiwan
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14
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Watson BR, Doughty B, Calhoun TR. Energetics at the Surface: Direct Optical Mapping of Core and Surface Electronic Structure in CdSe Quantum Dots Using Broadband Electronic Sum Frequency Generation Microspectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6157-6165. [PMID: 31368312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling the electronic structure of nanomaterials is the key to tailoring their use in a wide range of practical applications. Despite this need, many important electronic states are invisible to conventional optical measurements and are typically identified indirectly based on their inferred impact on luminescence properties. This is especially common and important in the study of nanomaterial surfaces and their associated defects. Surface trap states play a crucial role in photophysical processes yet remain remarkably poorly understood. Here we demonstrate for the first time that broadband electronic sum frequency generation (eSFG) microspectroscopy can directly map the optically bright and dark states of nanoparticles, including the elusive below gap states. This new approach is applied to model cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots (QDs), where the energies of surface trap states have eluded direct optical characterization for decades. Our eSFG measurements show clear signatures of electronic transitions both above the band gap, which we assign to previously reported one- and two-photon transitions associated with the CdSe core, as well as broad spectral signatures below the band gap that are attributed to surface states. In addition to the core states, this analysis reveals two distinct distributions of below gap states, providing the first direct optical measurement of both shallow and deep surface states on this system. Finally, chemical modification of the surfaces via oxidation results in the relative increase in the signals originating from the surface states. Overall, our eSFG experiments provide an avenue to directly map the entirety of the QD core and surface electronic structure, which is expected to open up opportunities to study how these materials are grown in situ and how surface states can be controlled to tune functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna R Watson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Benjamin Doughty
- Chemical Sciences Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Tessa R Calhoun
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
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15
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Leger JD, Friedfeld MR, Beck RA, Gaynor JD, Petrone A, Li X, Cossairt BM, Khalil M. Carboxylate Anchors Act as Exciton Reporters in 1.3 nm Indium Phosphide Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1833-1839. [PMID: 30925052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Developing interfacial probes of ligand-nanocluster interactions is crucial for understanding and tailoring the optoelectronic properties of these emerging nanomaterials. Using transient IR spectroscopy, we demonstrate that ligand vibrational modes of oleate-capped 1.3 nm InP nanoclusters report on the photogenerated exciton. The exciton induces an intensity change in the asymmetric carboxylate stretching mode by 57% while generating no appreciable shift in frequency. Thus, the observed difference signal is attributed to an exciton-induced change in the dipole magnitude of the asymmetric carboxylate stretching mode. Additionally, the transient IR data reveal that the infrared dipole change is dependent on the geometry of the ligand bound to the nanocluster. The experimental results are interpreted using TDDFT calculations, which identify how the spatial dependence of an exciton-induced electron density shift affects the vibrational motion of the carboxylate anchors. More broadly, this work demonstrates transient IR spectroscopy as a useful method for characterizing ligand-nanocluster coupling interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Leger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Max R Friedfeld
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Ryan A Beck
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - James D Gaynor
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Alessio Petrone
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
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16
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17
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Barak Y, Meir I, Shapiro A, Jang Y, Lifshitz E. Fundamental Properties in Colloidal Quantum Dots. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801442. [PMID: 29923230 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A multidisciplinary approach for the production and characterization of colloidal quantum dots, which show great promise for implementation in modern optoelectronic applications, is described. The approach includes the design and formation of unique core/shell structures with alloy-composed layers between the core and the shell. Such structures eliminate interfacial defects and suppress the Auger process, thus reducing the known fluorescence blinking and endowing the quantum dots with robust chemical and spectral stability. The unique design enables the generation and sustained existence of single and multiple excitons with a defined spin-polarized emission recombination. The studies described herein implement the use of single-dot magneto-optical measurements and optically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopy, for direct identification of interfacial defects and for resolving exciton fine structure. The results are of paramount importance for a fundamental understanding of optical transitions in colloidal quantum dots, with an impact on appropriate materials design for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahel Barak
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Itay Meir
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Arthur Shapiro
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Youngjin Jang
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Efrat Lifshitz
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
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18
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Spoor FM, Grimaldi G, Delerue C, Evers WH, Crisp RW, Geiregat P, Hens Z, Houtepen AJ, Siebbeles LDA. Asymmetric Optical Transitions Determine the Onset of Carrier Multiplication in Lead Chalcogenide Quantum Confined and Bulk Crystals. ACS NANO 2018; 12:4796-4802. [PMID: 29664600 PMCID: PMC5968429 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carrier multiplication is a process in which one absorbed photon excites two or more electrons. This is of great promise to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic devices. Until now, the factors that determine the onset energy of carrier multiplication have not been convincingly explained. We show experimentally that the onset of carrier multiplication in lead chalcogenide quantum confined and bulk crystals is due to asymmetric optical transitions. In such transitions most of the photon energy in excess of the band gap is given to either the hole or the electron. The results are confirmed and explained by theoretical tight-binding calculations of the competition between impact ionization and carrier cooling. These results are a large step forward in understanding carrier multiplication and allow for a screening of materials with an onset of carrier multiplication close to twice the band gap energy. Such materials are of great interest for development of highly efficient photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank
C. M. Spoor
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gianluca Grimaldi
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wiel H. Evers
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan W. Crisp
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Geiregat
- Physics
and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zeger Hens
- Physics
and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arjan J. Houtepen
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens D. A. Siebbeles
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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19
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Chang IY, Kim D, Hyeon-Deuk K. Control of Multiple Exciton Generation and Electron-Phonon Coupling by Interior Nanospace in Hyperstructured Quantum Dot Superlattice. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:32080-32088. [PMID: 28838230 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of precisely manipulating interior nanospace, which can be adjusted by ligand-attaching down to the subnanometer regime, in a hyperstructured quantum dot (QD) superlattice (QDSL) induces a new kind of collective resonant coupling among QDs and opens up new opportunities for developing advanced optoelectric and photovoltaic devices. Here, we report the first real-time dynamics simulations of the multiple exciton generation (MEG) in one-, two-, and three-dimensional (1D, 2D, and 3D) hyperstructured H-passivated Si QDSLs, accounting for thermally fluctuating band energies and phonon dynamics obtained by finite-temperature ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. We computationally demonstrated that the MEG was significantly accelerated, especially in the 3D QDSL compared to the 1D and 2D QDSLs. The MEG acceleration in the 3D QDSL was almost 1.9 times the isolated QD case. The dimension-dependent MEG acceleration was attributed not only to the static density of states but also to the dynamical electron-phonon couplings depending on the dimensionality of the hyperstructured QDSL, which is effectively controlled by the interior nanospace. Such dimension-dependent modifications originated from the short-range quantum resonance among component QDs and were intrinsic to the hyperstructured QDSL. We propose that photoexcited dynamics including the MEG process can be effectively controlled by only manipulating the interior nanospace of the hyperstructured QDSL without changing component QD size, shape, compositions, ligand, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ya Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency , 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - DaeGwi Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka City University , Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kim Hyeon-Deuk
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency , 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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20
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Spoor FM, Tomić S, Houtepen AJ, Siebbeles LDA. Broadband Cooling Spectra of Hot Electrons and Holes in PbSe Quantum Dots. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6286-6294. [PMID: 28558190 PMCID: PMC5492216 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding cooling of hot charge carriers in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is of fundamental interest and useful to enhance the performance of QDs in photovoltaics. We study electron and hole cooling dynamics in PbSe QDs up to high energies where carrier multiplication occurs. We characterize distinct cooling steps of hot electrons and holes and build up a broadband cooling spectrum for both charge carriers. Cooling of electrons is slower than of holes. At energies near the band gap we find cooling times between successive electronic energy levels in the order of 0.5 ps. We argue that here the large spacing between successive electronic energy levels requires cooling to occur by energy transfer to vibrational modes of ligand molecules or phonon modes associated with the QD surface. At high excess energy the energy loss rate of electrons is 1-5 eV/ps and exceeds 8 eV/ps for holes. Here charge carrier cooling can be understood in terms of emission of LO phonons with a higher density-of-states in the valence band than the conduction band. The complete mapping of the broadband cooling spectrum for both charge carriers in PbSe QDs is a big step toward understanding and controlling the cooling of hot charge carriers in colloidal QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank
C. M. Spoor
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Stanko Tomić
- Joule
Physics Laboratory, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Arjan J. Houtepen
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens D. A. Siebbeles
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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21
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Feng D, Yakovlev DR, Pavlov VV, Rodina AV, Shornikova EV, Mund J, Bayer M. Dynamic Evolution from Negative to Positive Photocharging in Colloidal CdS Quantum Dots. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:2844-2851. [PMID: 28367630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b05305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are largely influenced by the trapping of charge carriers on the nanocrystal surface. Different concentrations of electron and hole traps and different rates of their capture to the traps provide dynamical charging of otherwise neutral nanocrystals. We study the photocharging formation and evolution dynamics in CdS colloidal quantum dots with native oleic acid surface ligands. A time-resolved technique with three laser pulses (pump, orientation, and probe) is developed to monitor the photocharging dynamics with picosecond resolution on wide time scales ranging from picoseconds to milliseconds. The detection is based on measuring the coherent spin dynamics of electrons, allowing us to distinguish the type of carrier in the QD core (electron or hole). We find that although initially negative photocharging happens because of fast hole trapping, it eventually evolves to positive photocharging due to electron trapping and hole detrapping. The positive photocharging lasts up to hundreds of microseconds at room temperature. These findings give insight into the photocharging process and provide valuable information for understanding the mechanisms responsible for the emission blinking in colloidal nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Feng
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund , 44221 Dortmund, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Dmitri R Yakovlev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund , 44221 Dortmund, Germany
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences , 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victor V Pavlov
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences , 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna V Rodina
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences , 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena V Shornikova
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund , 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Johannes Mund
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund , 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund , 44221 Dortmund, Germany
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences , 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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22
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Kagan CR, Lifshitz E, Sargent EH, Talapin DV. Building devices from colloidal quantum dots. Science 2017; 353:353/6302/aac5523. [PMID: 27563099 DOI: 10.1126/science.aac5523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 543] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The continued growth of mobile and interactive computing requires devices manufactured with low-cost processes, compatible with large-area and flexible form factors, and with additional functionality. We review recent advances in the design of electronic and optoelectronic devices that use colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). The properties of materials assembled of QDs may be tailored not only by the atomic composition but also by the size, shape, and surface functionalization of the individual QDs and by the communication among these QDs. The chemical and physical properties of QD surfaces and the interfaces in QD devices are of particular importance, and these enable the solution-based fabrication of low-cost, large-area, flexible, and functional devices. We discuss challenges that must be addressed in the move to solution-processed functional optoelectronic nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie R Kagan
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 200 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Efrat Lifshitz
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 10 King's College Rd, Toronto ON M5S 3G4, Canada.
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
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23
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La Croix AD, O'Hara A, Reid KR, Orfield NJ, Pantelides ST, Rosenthal SJ, Macdonald JE. Design of a Hole Trapping Ligand. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:909-914. [PMID: 28090767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new ligand that covalently attaches to the surface of colloidal CdSe/CdS nanorods and can simultaneously chelate a molecular metal center is described. The dithiocarbamate-bipyridine ligand system facilitates hole transfer through energetic overlap at the inorganic-organic interface and conjugation through the organic ligand to a chelated metal center. Density functional theory calculations show that the coordination of the free ligand to a CdS surface causes the formation of two hybridized molecular states that lie in the band gap of CdS. The further chelation of Fe(II) to the bipyridine moiety causes the presence of seven midgap states. Hole transfer from the CdS valence band to the midgap states is dipole allowed and occurs at a faster rate than what is experimentally known for the CdSe/CdS band-edge radiative recombination. In the case of the ligand bound with iron, a two-step process emerges that places the hole on the iron, again at rates much faster than band gap recombination. The system was experimentally assembled and characterized via UV-vis absorbance spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Theoretically predicted red shifts in absorbance were observed experimentally, as well as the expected quench in photoluminescence and lifetimes in time-resolved photoluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D La Croix
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, §Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, ∥Department of Pharmacology, ⊥Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, #Interdisciplinary Materials Science, and ∇The Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Andrew O'Hara
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, §Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, ∥Department of Pharmacology, ⊥Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, #Interdisciplinary Materials Science, and ∇The Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Kemar R Reid
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, §Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, ∥Department of Pharmacology, ⊥Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, #Interdisciplinary Materials Science, and ∇The Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Noah J Orfield
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, §Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, ∥Department of Pharmacology, ⊥Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, #Interdisciplinary Materials Science, and ∇The Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Sokrates T Pantelides
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, §Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, ∥Department of Pharmacology, ⊥Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, #Interdisciplinary Materials Science, and ∇The Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Sandra J Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, §Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, ∥Department of Pharmacology, ⊥Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, #Interdisciplinary Materials Science, and ∇The Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Janet E Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, §Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, ∥Department of Pharmacology, ⊥Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, #Interdisciplinary Materials Science, and ∇The Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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24
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Jang Y, Shapiro A, Isarov M, Rubin-Brusilovski A, Safran A, Budniak AK, Horani F, Dehnel J, Sashchiuk A, Lifshitz E. Interface control of electronic and optical properties in IV–VI and II–VI core/shell colloidal quantum dots: a review. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1002-1024. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08742f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Core/shell heterostructures provide controlled optical properties, tuneable electronic structure, and chemical stability due to an appropriate interface design.
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25
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Ben-Moshe A, Teitelboim A, Oron D, Markovich G. Probing the Interaction of Quantum Dots with Chiral Capping Molecules Using Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:7467-7473. [PMID: 27960517 PMCID: PMC5207631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Circular dichroism (CD) induced at exciton transitions by chiral ligands attached to single component and core/shell colloidal quantum dots (QDs) was used to study the interactions between QDs and their capping ligands. Analysis of the CD line shapes of CdSe and CdS QDs capped with l-cysteine reveals that all of the features in the complex spectra can be assigned to the different excitonic transitions. It is shown that each transition is accompanied by a derivative line shape in the CD response, indicating that the chiral ligand can split the exciton level into two new sublevels, with opposite angular momentum, even in the absence of an external magnetic field. The role of electrons and holes in this effect could be separated by experiments on various types of core/shell QDs, and it was concluded that the induced CD is likely related to interactions of the highest occupied molecular orbitals of the ligands with the holes. Hence, CD was useful for the analysis of hole level-ligand interactions in quantum semiconductor heterostructures, with promising outlook toward better general understanding the properties of the surface of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Ben-Moshe
- School of Chemistry,
Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ayelet Teitelboim
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Dan Oron
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- E-mail:
| | - Gil Markovich
- School of Chemistry,
Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- E-mail:
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26
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Jin H, Ahn M, Jeong S, Han JH, Yoo D, Son DH, Cheon J. Colloidal Single-Layer Quantum Dots with Lateral Confinement Effects on 2D Exciton. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13253-13259. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Minji Ahn
- Center
for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Korea
- Yonsei-IBS
Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sohee Jeong
- Center
for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Korea
- Yonsei-IBS
Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jae Hyo Han
- Center
for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Korea
- Yonsei-IBS
Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Dongwon Yoo
- Center
for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Korea
- Yonsei-IBS
Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Dong Hee Son
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jinwoo Cheon
- Center
for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Korea
- Yonsei-IBS
Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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27
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Lim SJ, Ma L, Schleife A, Smith AM. Quantum Dot Surface Engineering: Toward Inert Fluorophores with Compact Size and Bright, Stable Emission. Coord Chem Rev 2016; 320-321:216-237. [PMID: 28344357 PMCID: PMC5363762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The surfaces of colloidal nanocrystals are complex interfaces between solid crystals, coordinating ligands, and liquid solutions. For fluorescent quantum dots, the properties of the surface vastly influence the efficiency of light emission, stability, and physical interactions, and thus determine their sensitivity and specificity when they are used to detect and image biological molecules. But after more than 30 years of study, the surfaces of quantum dots remain poorly understood and continue to be an important subject of both experimental and theoretical research. In this article, we review the physics and chemistry of quantum dot surfaces and describe approaches to engineer optimal fluorescent probes for applications in biomolecular imaging and sensing. We describe the structure and electronic properties of crystalline facets, the chemistry of ligand coordination, and the impact of ligands on optical properties. We further describe recent advances in compact coatings that have significantly improved their properties by providing small hydrodynamic size, high stability and fluorescence efficiency, and minimal nonspecific interactions with cells and biological molecules. While major progress has been made in both basic and applied research, many questions remain in the chemistry and physics of quantum dot surfaces that have hindered key breakthroughs to fully optimize their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jun Lim
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Liang Ma
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - André Schleife
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Andrew M. Smith
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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28
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Jethi L, Mack TG, Krause MM, Drake S, Kambhampati P. The Effect of Exciton-Delocalizing Thiols on Intrinsic Dual Emitting Semiconductor Nanocrystals. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:665-9. [PMID: 26752223 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201501049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshay Jethi
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3A0B8, Canada
| | - Timothy G Mack
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3A0B8, Canada
| | - Michael M Krause
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3A0B8, Canada
| | - Sebastian Drake
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3A0B8, Canada
| | - Patanjali Kambhampati
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3A0B8, Canada.
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29
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Zhang JZ. Some Interesting Properties and Promising Applications of Nanostructured Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:4429-4430. [PMID: 26538053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Z Zhang
- University of California , Santa Cruz, California
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