1
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Jeffries WR, Jawaid AM, Vaia RA, Knappenberger KL. Thickness-dependent electronic relaxation dynamics in solution-phase redox-exfoliated MoS2 heterostructures. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:144707. [PMID: 38597312 DOI: 10.1063/5.0200398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Electronic relaxation dynamics of solution-phase redox-exfoliated molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayer and multilayer ensembles are described. MoS2 was exfoliated using polyoxometalate (POM) reductants. This process yields a colloidal heterostructure consisting of MoS2 2D sheet multilayers with surface-bound POM complexes. Using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, transient bleaching and photoinduced absorption signals were detected at excitation/detection energies of 1.82/1.87 and 1.82/1.80 eV, respectively. Approximate 100-fs bandgap renormalization (BGR) and subsequent defect- and phonon-mediated relaxation on the picosecond timescale were resolved for several MoS2 thicknesses spanning from 1 to 2 L to ∼20 L. BGR rates were independent of sample thickness and slightly slower than observations for chemical vapor deposition-grown MoS2 monolayers. However, defect-mediated relaxation accelerated ∼10-fold with increased sample thicknesses. The relaxation rates increased from 0.33 ± 0.05 to 1.2 ± 0.1 and 3.1 ± 0.4 ps-1 for 1-2 L, 3-4 L, and 20 L fractions. The thicknesses-dependent relaxation rates for POM-MoS2 heterostructures were modeled using a saturating exponential function that showed saturation at thirteen MoS2 layers. The results suggest that the increased POM surface coverage leads to larger defect density in the POM-MoS2 heterostructure. These are the first descriptions of the influence of sample thickness on electronic relaxation rates in solution-phase redox-exfoliated POM-MoS2 heterostructures. Outcomes of this work are expected to impact the development of solution-phase exfoliation of 2D metal-chalcogenide heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Jeffries
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Ali M Jawaid
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Richard A Vaia
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Kenneth L Knappenberger
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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2
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Nagahara T, Camargo FVA, Xu F, Ganzer L, Russo M, Zhang P, Perri A, de la Cruz Valbuena G, Heisler IA, D’Andrea C, Polli D, Müllen K, Feng X, Mai Y, Cerullo G. Electronic Structure of Isolated Graphene Nanoribbons in Solution Revealed by Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:797-804. [PMID: 38189787 PMCID: PMC10811683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Structurally well-defined graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are nanostructures with unique optoelectronic properties. In the liquid phase, strong aggregation typically hampers the assessment of their intrinsic properties. Recently we reported a novel type of GNRs, decorated with aliphatic side chains, yielding dispersions consisting mostly of isolated GNRs. Here we employ two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to unravel the optical properties of isolated GNRs and disentangle the transitions underlying their broad and rather featureless absorption band. We observe that vibronic coupling, typically neglected in modeling, plays a dominant role in the optical properties of GNRs. Moreover, a strong environmental effect is revealed by a large inhomogeneous broadening of the electronic transitions. Finally, we also show that the photoexcited bright state decays, on the 150 fs time scale, to a dark state which is in thermal equilibrium with the bright state, that remains responsible for the emission on nanosecond time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiko Nagahara
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Kyoto
Institute of Technology, 606-8585 Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Fugui Xu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for
Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lucia Ganzer
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Russo
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for
Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Antonio Perri
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Ismael A. Heisler
- Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal do
Paraná, Caixa
Postal 19044, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cosimo D’Andrea
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck
Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Department
of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische
Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for
Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- IFN-CNR, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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3
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Lüttig J, Rose PA, Malý P, Turkin A, Bühler M, Lambert C, Krich JJ, Brixner T. High-order pump-probe and high-order two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy on the example of squaraine oligomers. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:234201. [PMID: 37326161 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved spectroscopy is commonly used to study diverse phenomena in chemistry, biology, and physics. Pump-probe experiments and coherent two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy have resolved site-to-site energy transfer, visualized electronic couplings, and much more. In both techniques, the lowest-order signal, in a perturbative expansion of the polarization, is of third order in the electric field, which we call a one-quantum (1Q) signal because in 2D spectroscopy it oscillates in the coherence time with the excitation frequency. There is also a two-quantum (2Q) signal that oscillates in the coherence time at twice the fundamental frequency and is fifth order in the electric field. We demonstrate that the appearance of the 2Q signal guarantees that the 1Q signal is contaminated by non-negligible fifth-order interactions. We derive an analytical connection between an nQ signal and (2n + 1)th-order contaminations of an rQ (with r < n) signal by studying Feynman diagrams of all contributions. We demonstrate that by performing partial integrations along the excitation axis in 2D spectra, we can obtain clean rQ signals free of higher-order artifacts. We exemplify the technique using optical 2D spectroscopy on squaraine oligomers, showing clean extraction of the third-order signal. We further demonstrate the analytical connection with higher-order pump-probe spectroscopy and compare both techniques experimentally. Our approach demonstrates the full power of higher-order pump-probe and 2D spectroscopy to investigate multi-particle interactions in coupled systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Lüttig
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter A Rose
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Pavel Malý
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Arthur Turkin
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bühler
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jacob J Krich
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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4
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Wieland L, Li H, Zhang X, Chen J, Flavel BS. Ternary PM6:Y6 Solar Cells with Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wieland
- Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute of Materials Science Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2 Darmstadt 64287 Germany
| | - Han Li
- Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Xuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials of Hebei Province College of Physics Science and Technology Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials of Hebei Province College of Physics Science and Technology Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Benjamin S. Flavel
- Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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5
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Energy cascades in donor-acceptor exciton-polaritons observed by ultrafast two-dimensional white-light spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7305. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractExciton-polaritons are hybrid states formed when molecular excitons are strongly coupled to photons trapped in an optical cavity. These systems exhibit many interesting, but not fully understood, phenomena. Here, we utilize ultrafast two-dimensional white-light spectroscopy to study donor-acceptor microcavities made from two different layers of semiconducting carbon nanotubes. We observe the delayed growth of a cross peak between the upper- and lower-polariton bands that is oftentimes obscured by Rabi contraction. We simulate the spectra and use Redfield theory to learn that energy cascades down a manifold of new electronic states created by intermolecular coupling and the two distinct bandgaps of the donor and acceptor. Energy most effectively enters the manifold when light-matter coupling is commensurate with the energy distribution of the manifold, contributing to long-range energy transfer. Our results broaden the understanding of energy transfer dynamics in exciton-polariton systems and provide evidence that long-range energy transfer benefits from moderately-coupled cavities.
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6
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Oyibo G, Barrett T, Jois S, Blackburn JL, Lee JU. All-Carbon Nanotube Solar Cell Devices Mimic Photosynthesis. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9100-9106. [PMID: 36326598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Both solar cells and photosynthetic systems employ a two-step process of light absorption and energy conversion. In photosynthesis, they are performed by distinct proteins. However, conventional solar cells use the same semiconductor for optical absorption and electron-hole separation, leading to inefficiencies. Here, we show that an all-semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (s-SWCNTs) device provides an artificial system that models photosynthesis in a tandem geometry. We use distinct chirality s-SWCNTs to separate the site and direction of light absorption from those of power generation. Using different bandgap s-SWCNTs, we implement an energy funnel in dual-gated p-n diodes. The device captures photons from multiple regions of the solar spectrum and funnels photogenerated excitons to the smallest bandgap s-SWCNT layer, where they become free carriers. We demonstrate an increase in the photoresponse by adding more s-SWCNT layers of different bandgaps without a corresponding deleterious increase in the dark leakage current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Oyibo
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York-Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York12203, United States
| | - Thomas Barrett
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York-Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York12203, United States
| | - Sharadh Jois
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York-Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York12203, United States
| | | | - Ji Ung Lee
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York-Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York12203, United States
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7
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Lüttig J, Brixner T, Malý P. Anisotropy in fifth-order exciton-exciton-interaction two-dimensional spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:154202. [PMID: 33887932 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exciton-exciton-interaction two-dimensional (EEI2D) spectroscopy is a fifth-order variant of 2D electronic spectroscopy. It can be used to probe biexciton dynamics in molecular systems and to observe exciton diffusion in extended systems such as polymers or light-harvesting complexes. The exciton transport strongly depends on the geometrical and energetic landscape and its perturbations. These can be of both local character, such as molecular orientation and energetic disorder, and long-range character, such as polymer kinks and structural domains. In the present theoretical work, we investigate the anisotropy in EEI2D spectroscopy. We introduce a general approach for how to calculate the anisotropy by using the response-function formalism in an efficient way. In numerical simulations, using a Frenkel exciton model with Redfield-theory dynamics, we demonstrate how the measurement of anisotropy in EEI2D spectroscopy can be used to identify various geometrical effects on exciton transport in dimers and polymers. Investigating a molecular heterodimer as an example, we demonstrate the utility of anisotropy in EEI2D spectroscopy for disentangling dynamic localization and annihilation. We further calculate the annihilation in extended systems such as conjugated polymers. In a polymer, a change in the anisotropy provides a unique signature for exciton transport between differently oriented sections. We analyze three types of geometry variations in polymers: a kink, varying geometric and energetic disorder, and different geometric domains. Our findings underline that employing anisotropy in EEI2D spectroscopy provides a way to distinguish between different geometries and can be used to obtain a better understanding of long-range exciton transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Lüttig
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Malý
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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8
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Arias DH, Sulas-Kern DB, Hart SM, Kang HS, Hao J, Ihly R, Johnson JC, Blackburn JL, Ferguson AJ. Effect of nanotube coupling on exciton transport in polymer-free monochiral semiconducting carbon nanotube networks. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:21196-21206. [PMID: 31663591 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07821e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) are attractive light-harvesting components for solar photoconversion schemes and architectures, and selective polymer extraction has emerged as a powerful route to obtain highly pure s-SWCNT samples for electronic applications. Here we demonstrate a novel method for producing electronically coupled thin films of near-monochiral s-SWCNTs without wrapping polymer. Detailed steady-state and transient optical studies on such samples provide new insights into the role of the wrapping polymer on controlling intra-bundle nanotube-nanotube interactions and exciton energy transfer within and between bundles. Complete removal of polymer from the networks results in rapid exciton trapping within nanotube bundles, limiting long-range exciton transport. The results suggest that intertube electronic coupling and associated exciton delocalization across multiple tubes can limit diffusive exciton transport. The complex relationship observed here between exciton delocalization, trapping, and long-range transport, helps to inform the design, preparation, and implementation of carbon nanotube networks as active elements for optical and electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan H Arias
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
| | - Dana B Sulas-Kern
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Stephanie M Hart
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
| | - Hyun Suk Kang
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
| | - Ji Hao
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
| | - Rachelle Ihly
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
| | - Justin C Johnson
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
| | - Jeffrey L Blackburn
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Andrew J Ferguson
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
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9
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Jones AC, Kearns NM, Bohlmann Kunz M, Flach JT, Zanni MT. Multidimensional Spectroscopy on the Microscale: Development of a Multimodal Imaging System Incorporating 2D White-Light Spectroscopy, Broadband Transient Absorption, and Atomic Force Microscopy. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10824-10836. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b09099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nicholas M. Kearns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Miriam Bohlmann Kunz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jessica T. Flach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Martin T. Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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10
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Kearns NM, Jones AC, Kunz MB, Allen RT, Flach JT, Zanni MT. Two-Dimensional White-Light Spectroscopy Using Supercontinuum from an All-Normal Dispersion Photonic Crystal Fiber Pumped by a 70 MHz Yb Fiber Oscillator. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:3046-3055. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M. Kearns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Andrew C. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Miriam Bohlmann Kunz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ryan T. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jessica T. Flach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Martin T. Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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11
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Massey SC, Ting PC, Yeh SH, Dahlberg PD, Sohail SH, Allodi MA, Martin EC, Kais S, Hunter CN, Engel GS. Orientational Dynamics of Transition Dipoles and Exciton Relaxation in LH2 from Ultrafast Two-Dimensional Anisotropy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:270-277. [PMID: 30599133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Light-harvesting complexes in photosynthetic organisms display fast and efficient energy transfer dynamics, which depend critically on the electronic structure of the coupled chromophores within the complexes and their interactions with their environment. We present ultrafast anisotropy dynamics, resolved in both time and frequency, of the transmembrane light-harvesting complex LH2 from Rhodobacter sphaeroides in its native membrane environment using polarization-controlled two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. Time-dependent anisotropy obtained from both experiment and modified Redfield simulation reveals an orientational preference for excited state absorption and an ultrafast equilibration within the B850 band in LH2. This ultrafast equilibration is favorable for subsequent energy transfer toward the reaction center. Our results also show a dynamic difference in excited state absorption anisotropy between the directly excited B850 population and the population that is initially excited at 800 nm, suggesting absorption from B850 states to higher-lying excited states following energy transfer from B850*. These results give insight into the ultrafast dynamics of bacterial light harvesting and the excited state energy landscape of LH2 in the native membrane environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Massey
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and the James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Po-Chieh Ting
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and the James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Shu-Hao Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and the James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute , Hamad Bin Khalifa University , Qatar Foundation, Doha , Qatar
| | - Peter D Dahlberg
- Graduate Program in the Biophysical Sciences, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and the James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Sara H Sohail
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and the James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Marco A Allodi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and the James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Elizabeth C Martin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , University of Sheffield , Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN , United Kingdom
| | - Sabre Kais
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , University of Sheffield , Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN , United Kingdom
| | - Gregory S Engel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and the James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
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12
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Powell LR, Piao Y, Ng AL, Wang Y. Channeling Excitons to Emissive Defect Sites in Carbon Nanotube Semiconductors beyond the Dilute Regime. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2803-2807. [PMID: 29746778 PMCID: PMC5998803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The exciton photoluminescence of carbon nanotube semiconductors has been intensively exploited for bioimaging, anticounterfeiting, photodetection, and quantum information science. However, at high concentrations, photoluminescence is lost to self-quenching because of the nearly complete overlap of the absorption and emissive states (∼10 meV Stokes shift). Here we show that by introducing sparse fluorescent quantum defects via covalent chemistry, self-quenching can be efficiently bypassed by means of the new emission route. The defect photoluminescence is significantly red-shifted by 190 meV for p-nitroaryl tailored (6,5)-single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) from the native emission of the nanotube. Notably, the defect photoluminescence is more than 34 times brighter than the native photoluminescence of unfunctionalized SWCNTs in the most concentrated nanotube solution tested (2.7 × 1014 nanotubes/mL). Moreover, we show that defect photoluminescence is more resistant to self-quenching than the native state in a dense film, which is the upper limit of concentration. Our findings open opportunities to harness nanotube excitons in highly concentrated systems for applications where photoluminescence brightness and light-collecting efficiency are mutually important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey R. Powell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yanmei Piao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Allen L. Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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13
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Petti MK, Lomont JP, Maj M, Zanni MT. Two-Dimensional Spectroscopy Is Being Used to Address Core Scientific Questions in Biology and Materials Science. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:1771-1780. [PMID: 29346730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b11370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional spectroscopy is a powerful tool for extracting structural and dynamic information from a wide range of chemical systems. We provide a brief overview of the ways in which two-dimensional visible and infrared spectroscopies are being applied to elucidate fundamental details of important processes in biological and materials science. The topics covered include amyloid proteins, photosynthetic complexes, ion channels, photovoltaics, batteries, as well as a variety of promising new methods in two-dimensional spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Petti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Justin P Lomont
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Michał Maj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Martin T Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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14
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Alam A, Dehm S, Hennrich F, Zakharko Y, Graf A, Pfohl M, Hossain IM, Kappes MM, Zaumseil J, Krupke R, Flavel BS. Photocurrent spectroscopy of dye-sensitized carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11205-11213. [PMID: 28749520 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04022a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Monochiral (7,5) single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are integrated into a field effect transistor device in which the built-in electric field at the nanotube/metal contact allows for exciton separation under illumination. Variable wavelength spectroscopy and 2D surface mapping of devices consisting of 10-20 nanotubes are performed in the visible region and a strong correlation between the nanotube's second optical transition (S22) and the photocurrent is found. After integration, the SWCNTs are non-covalently modified with three different fluorescent dye molecules with off-resonant absorption maxima at 532 nm, 565 nm, and 610 nm. The dyes extend the absorption properties of the nanotube and contribute to the photocurrent. This approach holds promise for the development of photo-detectors and for applications in photovoltaics and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiful Alam
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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15
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Moody G, Cundiff ST. Advances in multi-dimensional coherent spectroscopy of semiconductor nanostructures. ADVANCES IN PHYSICS: X 2017; 2:641-674. [PMID: 28894306 PMCID: PMC5590666 DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2017.1346482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-dimensional coherent spectroscopy (MDCS) has become an extremely versatile and sensitive technique for elucidating the structure, composition, and dynamics of condensed matter, atomic, and molecular systems. The appeal of MDCS lies in its ability to resolve both individual-emitter and ensemble-averaged dynamics of optically created excitations in disordered systems. When applied to semiconductors, MDCS enables unambiguous separation of homogeneous and inhomogeneous contributions to the optical linewidth, pinpoints the nature of coupling between resonances, and reveals signatures of many-body interactions. In this review, we discuss the implementation of MDCS to measure the nonlinear optical response of excitonic transitions in semiconductor nanostructures. Capabilities of the technique are illustrated with recent experimental studies that advance our understanding of optical decoherence and dissipation, energy transfer, and many-body phenomena in quantum dots and quantum wells, semiconductor microcavities, layered semiconductors, and photovoltaic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galan Moody
- Applied Physics Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
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16
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Wang J. Ultrafast two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy for molecular structures and dynamics with expanding wavelength range and increasing sensitivities: from experimental and computational perspectives. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2017.1321856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Molecular Reaction Dynamics Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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17
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Hartmann NF, Pramanik R, Dowgiallo AM, Ihly R, Blackburn JL, Doorn SK. Photoluminescence Imaging of Polyfluorene Surface Structures on Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes: Implications for Thin Film Exciton Transport. ACS NANO 2016; 10:11449-11458. [PMID: 27936574 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have potential to act as light-harvesting elements in thin film photovoltaic devices, but performance is in part limited by the efficiency of exciton diffusion processes within the films. Factors contributing to exciton transport can include film morphology encompassing nanotube orientation, connectivity, and interaction geometry. Such factors are often defined by nanotube surface structures that are not yet well understood. Here, we present the results of a combined pump-probe and photoluminescence imaging study of polyfluorene (PFO)-wrapped (6,5) and (7,5) SWCNTs that provide additional insight into the role played by polymer structures in defining exciton transport. Pump-probe measurements suggest exciton transport occurs over larger length scales in films composed of PFO-wrapped (7,5) SWCNTs, compared to those prepared from PFO-bpy-wrapped (6,5) SWCNTs. To explore the role the difference in polymer structure may play as a possible origin of differing transport behaviors, we performed a photoluminescence imaging study of individual polymer-wrapped (6,5) and (7,5) SWCNTs. The PFO-bpy-wrapped (6,5) SWCNTs showed more uniform intensity distributions along their lengths, in contrast to the PFO-wrapped (7,5) SWCNTs, which showed irregular, discontinuous intensity distributions. These differences likely originate from differences in surface coverage and suggest the PFO wrapping on (7,5) nanotubes produces a more open surface structure than is available with the PFO-bpy wrapping of (6,5) nanotubes. The open structure likely leads to improved intertube coupling that enhances exciton transport within the (7,5) films, consistent with the results of our pump-probe measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai F Hartmann
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, MPA-CINT, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Rajib Pramanik
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, MPA-CINT, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | | | - Rachelle Ihly
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Blackburn
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Stephen K Doorn
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, MPA-CINT, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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