1
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West R, Kanellopulos K, Schmid S. Photothermal Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Nanomechanical Resonators. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:21915-21929. [PMID: 38024195 PMCID: PMC10659107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c04361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In nanomechanical photothermal absorption spectroscopy and microscopy, the measured substance becomes a part of the detection system itself, inducing a nanomechanical resonance frequency shift upon thermal relaxation. Suspended, nanometer-thin ceramic or 2D material resonators are innately highly sensitive thermal detectors of localized heat exchanges from substances on their surface or integrated into the resonator itself. Consequently, the combined nanoresonator-analyte system is a self-measuring spectrometer and microscope responding to a substance's transfer of heat over the entire spectrum for which it absorbs, according to the intensity it experiences. Limited by their own thermostatistical fluctuation phenomena, nanoresonators have demonstrated sufficient sensitivity for measuring trace analyte as well as single particles and molecules with incoherent light or focused and wide-field coherent light. They are versatile in their design, support various sampling methods-potentially including hydrated sample encapsulation-and hyphenation with other spectroscopic methods, and are capable in a wide range of applications including fingerprinting, separation science, and surface sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert
G. West
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kostas Kanellopulos
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvan Schmid
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Kanellopulos K, West RG, Schmid S. Nanomechanical Photothermal Near Infrared Spectromicroscopy of Individual Nanorods. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:3730-3739. [PMID: 37869554 PMCID: PMC10588552 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Understanding light-matter interaction at the nanoscale requires probing the optical properties of matter at the individual nanoabsorber level. To this end, we developed a nanomechanical photothermal sensing platform that can be used as a full spectromicroscopy tool for single molecule and single particle analysis. As a demonstration, the absorption cross-section of individual gold nanorods is resolved from a spectroscopic and polarization standpoint. By exploiting the capabilities of nanomechanical photothermal spectromicroscopy, the longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance in the NIR range is unraveled and quantitatively characterized. The polarization features of the transversal surface plasmon resonance in the VIS range are also analyzed. The measurements are compared with the finite element method, elucidating the role played by electron surface and bulk scattering in these plasmonic nanostructures, as well as the interaction between the nanoabsorber and the nanoresonator, ultimately resulting in absorption strength modulation. Finally, a comprehensive comparison is conducted, evaluating the signal-to-noise ratio of nanomechanical photothermal spectroscopy against other cutting-edge single molecule and particle spectroscopy techniques. This analysis highlights the remarkable potential of nanomechanical photothermal spectroscopy due to its exceptional sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Kanellopulos
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert G. West
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvan Schmid
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Wang Y, Adhikari S, van der Meer H, Liu J, Orrit M. Thousand-Fold Enhancement of Photothermal Signals in Near-Critical CO 2. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:3619-3625. [PMID: 36865992 PMCID: PMC9969513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c08575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal (PT) microscopy has shown strong promise in imaging single absorbing nano-objects in soft matter and biological systems. PT imaging at ambient conditions usually requires a high laser power for a sensitive detection, which prevents application to light-sensitive nanoparticles. In a previous study of single gold nanoparticles, we showed that the photothermal signal can be enhanced more than 1000-fold in near-critical xenon compared to that in glycerol, a typical medium for PT detection. In this report, we show that carbon dioxide (CO2), a much cheaper gas than xenon, can enhance PT signals in a similar way. We confine near-critical CO2 in a thin capillary which easily withstands the high near-critical pressure (around 74 bar) and facilitates sample preparation. We also demonstrate enhancement of the magnetic circular dichroism signal of single magnetite nanoparticle clusters in supercritical CO2. We have performed COMSOL simulations to support and explain our experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Wang
- Huygens-Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University; 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- School
of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute
of Technology; Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Subhasis Adhikari
- Huygens-Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University; 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Harmen van der Meer
- Huygens-Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University; 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Junyan Liu
- School
of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute
of Technology; Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Michel Orrit
- Huygens-Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University; 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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4
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Pan F, Karlsson K, Nixon AG, Hogan LT, Ward JM, Smith KC, Masiello DJ, Nic Chormaic S, Goldsmith RH. Active Control of Plasmonic-Photonic Interactions in a Microbubble Cavity. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:20470-20479. [PMID: 36620077 PMCID: PMC9814823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Active control of light-matter interactions using nanophotonic structures is critical for new modalities for solar energy production, cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), and sensing, particularly at the single-particle level, where it underpins the creation of tunable nanophotonic networks. Coupled plasmonic-photonic systems show great promise toward these goals because of their subwavelength spatial confinement and ultrahigh-quality factors inherited from their respective components. Here, we present a microfluidic approach using microbubble whispering-gallery mode cavities to actively control plasmonic-photonic interactions at the single-particle level. By changing the solvent in the interior of the microbubble, control can be exerted on the interior dielectric constant and, thus, on the spatial overlap between the photonic and plasmonic modes. Qualitative agreement between experiment and simulation reveals the competing roles mode overlap and mode volume play in altering coupling strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Kristoffer Karlsson
- Light-Matter
Interactions for Quantum Technologies Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa904-0495, Japan
| | - Austin G. Nixon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington98195, United States
| | - Levi T. Hogan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Ward
- Department
of Physics, University College Cork, CorkVGV5+95, Ireland
| | - Kevin C. Smith
- Department
of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06511, United States
| | - David J. Masiello
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington98195, United States
| | - Síle Nic Chormaic
- Light-Matter
Interactions for Quantum Technologies Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa904-0495, Japan
| | - Randall H. Goldsmith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
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5
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Adhikari S, Orrit M. Optically Probing the Chirality of Single Plasmonic Nanostructures and of Single Molecules: Potential and Obstacles. ACS PHOTONICS 2022; 9:3486-3497. [PMID: 36411819 PMCID: PMC9673138 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Circular dichroism (CD) is a standard method for the analysis of biomolecular conformation. It is very reliable when applied to molecules, but requires relatively large amounts of solution. Plasmonics offer the perspective of enhancement of CD signals, which would extend CD spectrometry to smaller amounts of molecules and to weaker chiral signals. However, plasmonic enhancement comes at the cost of additional complications: averaging over all orientations is no longer possible or reliable, linear dichroism leaks into CD signals because of experimental imperfections, scattering and its interference with the incident beam must be taken into account, and the interaction between chiral molecules and possibly chiral plasmonic structures considerably complicates the interpretation of measured signals. This Perspective aims to explore the motivations and problems of plasmonic chirality and to re-evaluate present and future solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasis Adhikari
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CALeiden, Netherlands
| | - Michel Orrit
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CALeiden, Netherlands
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6
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Yang W, Wei Z, Nie Y, Tian Y. Optical Detection and Imaging of Nonfluorescent Matter at the Single-Molecule/Particle Level. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9618-9631. [PMID: 36214484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the first optical detection of single molecules in 1989, single-molecule spectroscopy has developed rapidly and been widely applied in many areas. However, the vast majority of matter is extremely inefficient at emitting photons in our physical world, which seriously limits the applications of optical methods based on photoluminescence. In addition to indirect detection by fluorescence labeling, many efforts have been made to directly image nonfluorescent matter at the single-particle or single-molecule level in different ways based on the absorption or scattering interaction between light and matter. Herein, we review five popular methods for imaging nonfluorescent particles/molecules, including dark-field microscopy (DFM), surface plasmon resonance microscopy (SPRM), surface enhanced Raman microscopy (SERM), interferometric scattering microscopy (iSCAT), and photothermal microscopy (PTM). After summarizing the principles and applications of these methods, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of each method and describe further potential development and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Zhihong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Yan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Yuxi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
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7
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Spaeth P, Adhikari S, Baaske MD, Pud S, Ton J, Orrit M. Photothermal Circular Dichroism of Single Nanoparticles Rejecting Linear Dichroism by Dual Modulation. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16277-16285. [PMID: 34550678 PMCID: PMC8552490 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Circular dichroism (CD) is the property of chiral nanoobjects to absorb circularly polarized light of either handedness to different extents. Photothermal microscopy enables the detection of CD signals with high sensitivity and provides a direct absorptive response of the samples under study. To achieve CD measurements at the single-particle level, one must reduce such artifacts as leakage of linear dichroism (LD) and residual intensity modulation. We have simulated our setup with a simple model, which allows us to tune modulation parameters to obtain a CD signal virtually free from artifacts. We demonstrate the sensitivity of our setup by measuring the very weak inherent CD signals of single gold nanospheres. We furthermore demonstrate that our method can be extended to obtain spectra of the full absorptive properties of single nanoparticles, including isotropic absorption, linear dichroism, and circular dichroism. We then investigate nominally achiral gold nanoparticles immersed in a chiral liquid. Carefully taking into account the intrinsic chirality of the particles and its change due to heat-induced reshaping, we find that the chiral liquid carvone surrounding the particle has no measurable effect on the particles' chirality, down to g-factors of 3 × 10-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Spaeth
- Huygens-Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 Rapenburg, Netherlands
| | - Subhasis Adhikari
- Huygens-Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 Rapenburg, Netherlands
| | - Martin Dieter Baaske
- Huygens-Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 Rapenburg, Netherlands
| | - Sergii Pud
- Huygens-Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 Rapenburg, Netherlands
| | - Jacco Ton
- Huygens-Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 Rapenburg, Netherlands
| | - Michel Orrit
- Huygens-Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 Rapenburg, Netherlands
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8
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Bai Y, Yin J, Cheng JX. Bond-selective imaging by optically sensing the mid-infrared photothermal effect. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg1559. [PMID: 33990332 PMCID: PMC8121423 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging using inherent vibrational contrast has been broadly used as a powerful analytical tool for sample identification and characterization. However, the low spatial resolution and large water absorption associated with the long IR wavelengths hinder its applications to study subcellular features in living systems. Recently developed mid-infrared photothermal (MIP) microscopy overcomes these limitations by probing the IR absorption-induced photothermal effect using a visible light. MIP microscopy yields submicrometer spatial resolution with high spectral fidelity and reduced water background. In this review, we categorize different photothermal contrast mechanisms and discuss instrumentations for scanning and widefield MIP microscope configurations. We highlight a broad range of applications from life science to materials. We further provide future perspective and potential venues in MIP microscopy field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeran Bai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jiaze Yin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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9
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Adhikari S, Spaeth P, Kar A, Baaske MD, Khatua S, Orrit M. Photothermal Microscopy: Imaging the Optical Absorption of Single Nanoparticles and Single Molecules. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16414-16445. [PMID: 33216527 PMCID: PMC7760091 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The photothermal (PT) signal arises from slight changes of the index of refraction in a sample due to absorption of a heating light beam. Refractive index changes are measured with a second probing beam, usually of a different color. In the past two decades, this all-optical detection method has reached the sensitivity of single particles and single molecules, which gave birth to original applications in material science and biology. PT microscopy enables shot-noise-limited detection of individual nanoabsorbers among strong scatterers and circumvents many of the limitations of fluorescence-based detection. This review describes the theoretical basis of PT microscopy, the methodological developments that improved its sensitivity toward single-nanoparticle and single-molecule imaging, and a vast number of applications to single-nanoparticle imaging and tracking in material science and in cellular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasis Adhikari
- Huygens−Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Spaeth
- Huygens−Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ashish Kar
- Chemistry
Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology
Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujrat 382355, India
| | - Martin Dieter Baaske
- Huygens−Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Saumyakanti Khatua
- Chemistry
Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology
Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujrat 382355, India
| | - Michel Orrit
- Huygens−Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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Hogan LT, Horak EH, Ward JM, Knapper KA, Nic Chormaic S, Goldsmith RH. Toward Real-Time Monitoring and Control of Single Nanoparticle Properties with a Microbubble Resonator Spectrometer. ACS NANO 2019; 13:12743-12757. [PMID: 31614083 PMCID: PMC6887843 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Optical microresonators have widespread application at the frontiers of nanophotonic technology, driven by their ability to confine light to the nanoscale and enhance light-matter interactions. Microresonators form the heart of a recently developed method for single-particle photothermal absorption spectroscopy, whereby the microresonators act as microscale thermometers to detect the heat dissipated by optically pumped, nonluminescent nanoscopic targets. However, translation of this technology to chemically dynamic systems requires a platform that is mechanically stable, solution compatible, and visibly transparent. We report microbubble absorption spectrometers as a versatile platform that meets these requirements. Microbubbles integrate a two-port microfluidic device within a whispering gallery mode microresonator, allowing for the facile exchange of chemical reagents within the resonator's interior while maintaining a solution-free environment on its exterior. We first leverage these qualities to investigate the photoactivated etching of single gold nanorods by ferric chloride, providing a method for rapid acquisition of spatial and morphological information about nanoparticles as they undergo chemical reactions. We then demonstrate the ability to control nanorod orientation within a microbubble through optically exerted torque, a promising route toward the construction of hybrid photonic-plasmonic systems. Critically, the reported platform advances microresonator spectrometer technology by permitting room-temperature, aqueous experimental conditions, which may be used for time-resolved single-particle experiments on non-emissive, nanoscale analytes engaged in catalytically and biologically relevant chemical dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi T. Hogan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Erik H. Horak
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Ward
- Light-Matter
Interactions for Quantum Technologies Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Kassandra A. Knapper
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Síle Nic Chormaic
- Light-Matter
Interactions for Quantum Technologies Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Randall H. Goldsmith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- E-mail:
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11
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Drumming up single-molecule beats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:11115-11117. [PMID: 30337481 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815764115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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12
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Abstract
Absorption microscopy is a promising alternative to fluorescence microscopy for single-molecule imaging. So far, molecular absorption has been probed optically via the attenuation of a probing laser or via photothermal effects. The sensitivity of optical probing is not only restricted by background scattering but it is fundamentally limited by laser shot noise, which minimizes the achievable single-molecule signal-to-noise ratio. Here, we present nanomechanical photothermal microscopy, which overcomes the scattering and shot-noise limit by detecting the photothermal heating of the sample directly with a temperature-sensitive substrate. We use nanomechanical silicon nitride drums, whose resonant frequency detunes with local heating. Individual Au nanoparticles with diameters from 10 to 200 nm and single molecules (Atto 633) are scanned with a heating laser with a peak irradiance of 354 ± 45 µW/µm2 using 50× long-working-distance objective. With a stress-optimized drum we reach a sensitivity of 16 fW/Hz1/2 at room temperature, resulting in a single-molecule signal-to-noise ratio of >70. The high sensitivity combined with the inherent wavelength independence of the nanomechanical sensor presents a competitive alternative to established tools for the analysis and localization of nonfluorescent single molecules and nanoparticles.
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13
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Knapper KA, Pan F, Rea MT, Horak EH, Rogers JD, Goldsmith RH. Single-particle photothermal imaging via inverted excitation through high-Q all-glass toroidal microresonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:25020-25030. [PMID: 30469610 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.025020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Whispering-gallery mode (WGM) microresonators have recently been employed as platforms for label-free single-molecule and single-particle detection, imaging, and spectroscopy. However, innovations in device geometry and integration are needed to make WGM microresonators more versatile for biological and chemical applications. Particularly, thick device substrates, originating from wafer-scale fabrication processing, prevent convenient optical interrogation. In this work, we fabricate all-glass toroidal microresonators on a coverslip thickness (~170 μm) substrate, enabling excitation delivery through the sample, simplifying optical integration. Further, we demonstrate the application of this new geometry for single-particle photothermal imaging. Finally, we discover and develop simulations to explain a non-trivial astigmatism in the point spread function (PSF) arising from the curvature of the resonator.
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14
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Zeng ZC, Schultz ZD. A sensitive, low noise, DC to 12 MHz, large area photodiode preamplifier for photothermal heterodyne imaging. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:083105. [PMID: 30184642 DOI: 10.1063/1.5036626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a compact, fast, and low-noise large area photodiode preamplifier designed for photothermal heterodyne imaging (PHI). The preamplifier exhibits a noise level of 7 nV/Hz1/2 and a bandwidth from DC to 12 MHz sufficient for PHI experiments. Simulations of the preamplifier bandwidth and noise agree with the observed experimental characterization and performance in our home-built PHI system. The observed noise is close to the inherent limitations of the SR844 lock-in amplifier used. The results indicate that the preamplifier is also useful for any other single frequency pump-probe detection technique, such as stimulated Raman scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Cong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Zachary D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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15
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Joplin A, Chang WS, Link S. Imaging and Spectroscopy of Single Metal Nanostructure Absorption. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:3775-3786. [PMID: 29149571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The highly tunable optical properties of metal nanoparticles make them an ideal building block in any application that requires control over light, heat, or electrons on the nanoscale. Because of their size, metal nanoparticles both absorb and scatter light efficiently. Consequently, improving their performance often involves shifting the balance between absorption and scattering to promote desirable features of their optical properties. Scattering by single metal nanoparticles is commonly characterized using dark-field scattering spectroscopy, but routine methods to characterize pure absorption over a broad wavelength range are much more complex. This article reviews work from our lab using photothermal imaging in combination with dark-field scattering and electron microscopy to separate radiative and nonradiative properties of single nanoparticles and their assemblies. We present both initial work using different laser wavelengths to explore pure absorption free from scattering contributions based on the heat released into the environment as well as the development of photothermal spectroscopy over a broad wavelength range, making it possible to resolve details that are otherwise hidden in ensemble measurements that most of the time also do not separate radiative and nonradiative properties.
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16
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Abstract
Chemical activity of single nanoparticles can be imaged and determined by monitoring the optical signal of each individual during chemical reactions with advanced optical microscopes. It allows for clarifying the functional heterogeneity among individuals, and for uncovering the microscopic reaction mechanisms and kinetics that could otherwise be averaged out in ensemble measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
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17
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Bai Y, Zhang D, Li C, Liu C, Cheng JX. Bond-Selective Imaging of Cells by Mid-Infrared Photothermal Microscopy in High Wavenumber Region. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:10249-10255. [PMID: 29035533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b09570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Using a visible beam to probe the thermal effect induced by infrared absorption, mid-infrared photothermal (MIP) microscopy allows bond-selective chemical imaging at submicron spatial resolution. Current MIP microscopes cannot reach the high wavenumber region due to the limited tunability of the existing quantum cascade laser source. We extend the spectral range of MIP microscopy by difference frequency generation (DFG) from two chirped femtosecond pulses. Flexible wavelength tuning in both C-D and C-H regions was achieved with mid-infrared power up to 22.1 mW and spectral width of 29.3 cm-1. Distribution of fatty acid in live human lung cancer cells was revealed by MIP imaging of the C-D bond at 2192 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeran Bai
- National Laboratory on High Power Laser and Physics , Shanghai 201800, China.,Key Laboratory of High Power Laser and Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Delong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Cheng Liu
- National Laboratory on High Power Laser and Physics , Shanghai 201800, China.,Key Laboratory of High Power Laser and Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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18
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Li Z, Aleshire K, Kuno M, Hartland GV. Super-Resolution Far-Field Infrared Imaging by Photothermal Heterodyne Imaging. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:8838-8846. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b06065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Li
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kyle Aleshire
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Masaru Kuno
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Gregory V. Hartland
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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19
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Hou L, Adhikari S, Tian Y, Scheblykin IG, Orrit M. Absorption and Quantum Yield of Single Conjugated Polymer Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) Molecules. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:1575-1581. [PMID: 28221806 PMCID: PMC5345118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We simultaneously measured the absorption and emission of single conjugated polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) molecules in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix using near-critical xenon to enhance the photothermal contrast for direct absorption measurements. We directly measured the number of monomers and the quantum yield of single conjugated polymer molecules. Simultaneous absorption and emission measurements provided new insight into the photophysics of single conjugated polymers under optical excitation: quenching in larger molecules is more efficient than in smaller ones. Photoinduced traps and defects formed under prolonged illumination lead to decrease of both polymer fluorescence and absorption signals with the latter declining slower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hou
- LION, Huygens-Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Subhasis Adhikari
- LION, Huygens-Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yuxi Tian
- Chemical Physics and Nano Lund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic
Chemistry of MOE and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Ivan G. Scheblykin
- Chemical Physics and Nano Lund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michel Orrit
- LION, Huygens-Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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Zhi Y, Yu XC, Gong Q, Yang L, Xiao YF. Single Nanoparticle Detection Using Optical Microcavities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1604920. [PMID: 28060436 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Detection of nanoscale objects is highly desirable in various fields such as early-stage disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring and homeland security. Optical microcavity sensors are renowned for ultrahigh sensitivities due to strongly enhanced light-matter interaction. This review focuses on single nanoparticle detection using optical whispering gallery microcavities and photonic crystal microcavities, both of which have been developing rapidly over the past few years. The reactive and dissipative sensing methods, characterized by light-analyte interactions, are explained explicitly. The sensitivity and the detection limit are essentially determined by the cavity properties, and are limited by the various noise sources in the measurements. On the one hand, recent advances include significant sensitivity enhancement using techniques to construct novel microcavity structures with reduced mode volumes, to localize the mode field, or to introduce optical gain. On the other hand, researchers attempt to lower the detection limit by improving the spectral resolution, which can be implemented by suppressing the experimental noises. We also review the methods of achieving a better temporal resolution by employing mode locking techniques or cavity ring up spectroscopy. In conclusion, outlooks on the possible ways to implement microcavity-based sensing devices and potential applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhi
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Chong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63130
| | - Yun-Feng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, P. R. China
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21
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Vasiliev A, Malik A, Muneeb M, Kuyken B, Baets R, Roelkens G. On-Chip Mid-Infrared Photothermal Spectroscopy Using Suspended Silicon-on-Insulator Microring Resonators. ACS Sens 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Vasiliev
- Photonics
Research Group, Ghent University-imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 15, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center
for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aditya Malik
- Photonics
Research Group, Ghent University-imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 15, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center
for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Muhammad Muneeb
- Photonics
Research Group, Ghent University-imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 15, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center
for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Kuyken
- Photonics
Research Group, Ghent University-imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 15, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center
for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roel Baets
- Photonics
Research Group, Ghent University-imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 15, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center
for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Günther Roelkens
- Photonics
Research Group, Ghent University-imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 15, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center
for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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