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Lian J, Subburam G, El-Khodary SA, Zhang K, Zou B, Wang J, Wang C, Ma J, Wu X. Critical Role of Aromatic C(sp 2)-H in Boosting Lithium-Ion Storage. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8110-8119. [PMID: 38489846 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Exploring high-sloping-capacity carbons is of great significance in the development of high-power lithium-ion batteries/capacitors (LIBs/LICs). Herein, an ion-catalyzed self-template method is utilized to synthesize the hydrogen-rich carbon nanoribbon (HCNR), achieving high specific and rate capacity (1144.2/471.8 mAh g-1 at 0.1/2.5 A g-1). The Li+ storage mechanism of the HCNR is elucidated by in situ spectroscopic techniques. Intriguingly, the protonated aromatic sp2-hybridized carbon (C(sp2)-H) can provide additional active sites for Li+ uptake via reversible rehybridization to sp3-C, which is the origin of the high sloping capacity. The presence of this sloping feature suggests a highly capacitance-dominated storage process, characterized by rapid kinetics that facilitates superior rate performance. For practical usage, the HCNR-based LIC device can deliver high energy/power densities of 198.3 Wh kg-1/17.9 kW kg-1. This work offers mechanistic insights on the crucial role of aromatic C(sp2)-H in boosting Li+ storage and opens up new avenues to develop such sloping-type carbons for high-performance rechargeable batteries/capacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabiao Lian
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Gokila Subburam
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Sherif A El-Khodary
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Bobo Zou
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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2
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Park H, Wragg DS, Koposov AY. Replica exchange molecular dynamics for Li-intercalation in graphite: a new solution for an old problem. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2745-2754. [PMID: 38404401 PMCID: PMC10882458 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06107h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Li intercalation and graphite stacking have been extensively studied because of the importance of graphite in commercial Li-ion batteries. Despite this attention, there are still questions about the atomistic structures of the intermediate states that exist during lithiation, especially when phase dynamics cause a disordered Li distribution. The Li migration event (diffusion coefficient of 10-5 nm2 ns-1) makes it difficult to explore the various Li-intercalation configurations in conventional molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with an affordable simulation timescale. To overcome these limitations, we conducted a comprehensive study using replica-exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) in combination with the ReaxFF force field. This approach allowed us to study the behavior of Li-intercalated graphite from any starting arrangement of Li at any value of x in LixC6. Our focus was on analyzing the energetic favorability differences between the relaxed structures. We rationalized the trends in formation energy on the basis of observed structural features, identifying three main structural features that cooperatively control Li rearrangement in graphite: Li distribution, graphite stacking mode and gallery height (graphene layer spacing). We also observed a tendency for clustering of Li, which could lead to dynamic local structures that approximate the staging models used to explain intercalation into graphite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesoo Park
- Centre for Material Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo P.O. Box 1033, Blindern Oslo 0371 Norway
| | - David S Wragg
- Centre for Material Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo P.O. Box 1033, Blindern Oslo 0371 Norway
- Department of Battery Technology, Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) Instituttveien 18, Kjeller 2027 Norway
| | - Alexey Y Koposov
- Centre for Material Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo P.O. Box 1033, Blindern Oslo 0371 Norway
- Department of Battery Technology, Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) Instituttveien 18, Kjeller 2027 Norway
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3
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He XX, Lai WH, Liang Y, Zhao JH, Yang Z, Peng J, Liu XH, Wang YX, Qiao Y, Li L, Wu X, Chou SL. Achieving All-Plateau and High-Capacity Sodium Insertion in Topological Graphitized Carbon. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302613. [PMID: 37390487 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Hard carbon anodes with all-plateau capacities below 0.1 V are prerequisites to achieve high-energy-density sodium-ion storage, which holds promise for future sustainable energy technologies. However, challenges in removing defects and improving the insertion of sodium ions head off the development of hard carbon to achieve this goal. Herein, a highly cross-linked topological graphitized carbon using biomass corn cobs through a two-step rapid thermal-annealing strategy is reported. The topological graphitized carbon constructed with long-range graphene nanoribbons and cavities/tunnels provides a multidirectional insertion of sodium ions whilst eliminating defects to absorb sodium ions at the high voltage region. Evidence from advanced techniques including in situ XRD, in situ Raman, and in situ/ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicates that the sodium ions' insertion and Na cluster formation occurred between curved topological graphite layers and in the topological cavity of adjacent graphite band entanglements. The reported topological insertion mechanism enables outstanding battery performance with a single full low-voltage plateau capacity of 290 mAh g-1 , which is almost 97% of the total capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Xi He
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Wei-Hong Lai
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Yaru Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Jia-Hua Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Jian Peng
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Xiao-Hao Liu
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Wang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Yun Qiao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xingqiao Wu
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Shu-Lei Chou
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
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Fedoseeva YV, Shlyakhova EV, Makarova AA, Okotrub AV, Bulusheva LG. X-ray Spectroscopy Study of Defect Contribution to Lithium Adsorption on Porous Carbon. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2623. [PMID: 37836264 PMCID: PMC10574414 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Lithium adsorption on high-surface-area porous carbon (PC) nanomaterials provides superior electrochemical energy storage performance dominated by capacitive behavior. In this study, we demonstrate the influence of structural defects in the graphene lattice on the bonding character of adsorbed lithium. Thermally evaporated lithium was deposited in vacuum on the surface of as-grown graphene-like PC and PC annealed at 400 °C. Changes in the electronic states of carbon were studied experimentally using surface-sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. NEXAFS data in combination with density functional theory calculations revealed the dative interactions between lithium sp2 hybridized states and carbon π*-type orbitals. Corrugated defective layers of graphene provide lithium with new bonding configurations, shorter distances, and stronger orbital overlapping, resulting in significant charge transfer between carbon and lithium. PC annealing heals defects, and as a result, the amount of lithium on the surface decreases. This conclusion was supported by electrochemical studies of as-grown and annealed PC in lithium-ion batteries. The former nanomaterial showed higher capacity values at all applied current densities. The results demonstrate that the lithium storage in carbon-based electrodes can be improved by introducing defects into the graphene layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya V. Fedoseeva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (E.V.S.); (A.V.O.)
| | - Elena V. Shlyakhova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (E.V.S.); (A.V.O.)
| | - Anna A. Makarova
- Physikalische Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Alexander V. Okotrub
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (E.V.S.); (A.V.O.)
| | - Lyubov G. Bulusheva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (E.V.S.); (A.V.O.)
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5
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Abbas G, Zafar ZA, Sonia FJ, Knížek K, Houdková J, Jiříček P, Kalbáč M, Červenka J, Frank O. The Effects of Ultrasound Treatment of Graphite on the Reversibility of the (De)Intercalation of an Anion from Aqueous Electrolyte Solution. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3932. [PMID: 36432218 PMCID: PMC9693535 DOI: 10.3390/nano12223932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Low cycling stability is one of the most crucial issues in rechargeable batteries. Herein, we study the effects of a simple ultrasound treatment of graphite for the reversible (de)intercalation of a ClO4- anion from a 2.4 M Al(ClO4)3 aqueous solution. We demonstrate that the ultrasound-treated graphite offers the improved reversibility of the ClO4- anion (de)intercalation compared with the untreated samples. The ex situ and in situ Raman spectroelectrochemistry and X-ray diffraction analysis of the ultrasound-treated materials shows no change in the interlayer spacing, a mild increase in the stacking order, and a large increase in the amount of defects in the lattice accompanied by a decrease in the lateral crystallite size. The smaller flakes of the ultrasonicated natural graphite facilitate the improved reversibility of the ClO4- anion electrochemical (de)intercalation and a more stable electrochemical performance with a cycle life of over 300 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Abbas
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejskova 2155/3, 183 23 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zahid Ali Zafar
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
- FZU—Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnicka 10/112, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Farjana J. Sonia
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejskova 2155/3, 183 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Knížek
- FZU—Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnicka 10/112, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Houdková
- FZU—Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnicka 10/112, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jiříček
- FZU—Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnicka 10/112, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kalbáč
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejskova 2155/3, 183 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Červenka
- FZU—Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnicka 10/112, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Otakar Frank
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejskova 2155/3, 183 23 Prague, Czech Republic
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6
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Wu Y, Wang J, Li Y, Zhou J, Wang BY, Yang A, Wang LW, Hwang HY, Cui Y. Observation of an intermediate state during lithium intercalation of twisted bilayer MoS 2. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3008. [PMID: 35637182 PMCID: PMC9151788 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium intercalation of MoS2 is generally believed to introduce a phase transition from H phase (semiconducting) to T phase (metallic). However, during the intercalation process, a spatially sharp boundary is usually formed between the fully intercalated T phase MoS2 and non-intercalated H phase MoS2. The intermediate state, i.e., lightly intercalated H phase MoS2 without a phase transition, is difficult to investigate by optical-microscope-based spectroscopy due to the narrow size. Here, we report the stabilization of the intermediate state across the whole flake of twisted bilayer MoS2. The twisted bilayer system allows the lithium to intercalate from the top surface and enables fast Li-ion diffusion by the reduced interlayer interaction. The E2g Raman mode of the intermediate state shows a peak splitting behavior. Our simulation results indicate that the intermediate state is stabilized by lithium-induced symmetry breaking of the H phase MoS2. Our results provide an insight into the non-uniform intercalation during battery charging and discharging, and also open a new opportunity to modulate the properties of twisted 2D systems with guest species doping in the Moiré structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yecun Wu
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jingyang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yanbin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bai Yang Wang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ankun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lin-Wang Wang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Harold Y Hwang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Yi Cui
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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7
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Synthesis and Characterization of Graphite Intercalation Compounds with Sulfuric Acid. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12030421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
In this work, graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) were synthesized using three different oxidizers: (NH4)2S2O8, K2S2O8, and CrO3 with and without P2O5 as a water-binding agent. Furthermore, the samples obtained were heat-treated at 800 °C. Specimens were characterized by optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The correlation between different characteristic parameters of the Raman analysis has shown that the use of CrO3 results in a much higher structural disorder compared to the products obtained using persulfate oxidizers. Narrowing the correlation set revealed that minimal defect concentration can be reached by using K2S2O8, while the use of (NH4)2S2O8 causes a slightly higher concentration of defects. It was also established that the additional use of P2O5 can help to achieve more effective intercalation and has a positive effect on the formation of the stage I GIC phase. After heat treatment, the intercalated products mostly return to a graphite-like structure; however, the samples obtained with CrO3 stand out with the most significant changes in their surface morphology. Therefore, analysis suggests that GICs obtained using persulfate oxidizers and P2O5 could be a candidate to produce high-quality graphene or graphene oxide.
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Vicentini R, Venâncio R, Nunes W, Da Silva LM, Zanin H. New Insights on the Sodium Water-in-Salt Electrolyte and Carbon Electrode Interface from Electrochemistry and Operando Raman Studies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:61139-61153. [PMID: 34915700 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive electrochemical and operando Raman studies are performed to investigate the electrochemical stability window (ESW) of supercapacitors filled with normal (salt-in-water) and highly concentrated (water-in-salt, WiSE) electrolytes. Impedance and chronoamperometric experiments are employed and combined with cyclic voltammetry to correctly define the ESW for a WiSE-based device. The total absence of water-splitting resulted in phase angles close to -90° in the impedance data. It is verified that a 17 m NaClO4 electrolyte avoids the water-splitting up to 1.8 V. Furthermore, Raman studies under dynamic and static polarization conditions corroborate the existence of a solvent blocking interface (SBI), which inhibits the occurrence of water-splitting. Also, the reversible nature of the charge-storage process is assessed as a function of the applied voltage. At extreme polarization, the SBI structure is disrupted, thus allowing the occurrence of water-splitting and anionic (ClO4-) intercalation between the graphene sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Vicentini
- Advanced Energy Storage Division, Center for Innovation on New Energies, Carbon Sci-Tech Labs and Manufacturing Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein 400, Campinas, SP 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Raissa Venâncio
- Advanced Energy Storage Division, Center for Innovation on New Energies, Carbon Sci-Tech Labs and Manufacturing Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein 400, Campinas, SP 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Willian Nunes
- Advanced Energy Storage Division, Center for Innovation on New Energies, Carbon Sci-Tech Labs and Manufacturing Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein 400, Campinas, SP 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Morais Da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Electrochemistry, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri's Valley, Rodovia MGT 367, km 583, 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Hudson Zanin
- Advanced Energy Storage Division, Center for Innovation on New Energies, Carbon Sci-Tech Labs and Manufacturing Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein 400, Campinas, SP 13083-852, Brazil
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Liu X, Tong Y, Wu Y, Zheng J, Sun Y, Li H. In-Depth Mechanism Understanding for Potassium-Ion Batteries by Electroanalytical Methods and Advanced In Situ Characterization Techniques. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2101130. [PMID: 34928006 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of potassium ion batteries (PIBs) stimulated by the dearth of lithium resources is accelerating. Major progresses on the electrochemical properties are based on the optimization of electrode materials, electrolytes, and other components. More significantly, the prerequisites for optimizing these key compositions are in-depth and comprehensive exploration of electrochemical reaction processes, including the evolution of morphology and structure, phase transition, interface behaviors, and K+ movement, etc. As a result, the obtained K+ storage mechanism via analyzing aforementioned reaction processes sheds light on furthering practical application of PIBs. Typical electrochemical analysis methods are capable of obtaining physical and chemical characteristics. The advent of in situ electrochemical measurements enables dynamic observation and monitoring, thereby gaining extensive insights into the intricate mechanism of capacity degradation and interface kinetics. By coupling with these powerful electrochemical characterization techniques, inspiring works in PIBs will burgeon into wide realms of energy storage fields. In this review, some typical electroanalytical tests and in situ hyphenated measurements are described with the main concentration on how these techniques play a role in investigating the potassium storage mechanism for PIBs and achieving encouraging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yong Tong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yuanji Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiefeng Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yingjuan Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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10
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Martín‐Yerga D, Kang M, Unwin PR. Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy in a Glovebox: Structure‐Activity Correlations in the Early Stages of Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase Formation on Graphite. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martín‐Yerga
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV47AL United Kingdom
- The Faraday Institution Quad One, Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0RA United Kingdom
| | - Minkyung Kang
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV47AL United Kingdom
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Burwood VIC 3125 Australia
| | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV47AL United Kingdom
- The Faraday Institution Quad One, Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0RA United Kingdom
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11
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He XX, Zhao JH, Lai WH, Li R, Yang Z, Xu CM, Dai Y, Gao Y, Liu XH, Li L, Xu G, Qiao Y, Chou SL, Wu M. Soft-Carbon-Coated, Free-Standing, Low-Defect, Hard-Carbon Anode To Achieve a 94% Initial Coulombic Efficiency for Sodium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44358-44368. [PMID: 34506123 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing hard carbon with a high initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and very good cycling stability is of great importance for practical sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Defects and oxygen-containing groups grown along either the carbon edges or the layers, however, are inevitable in hard carbon and can cause a tremendous density of irreversible Na+ sites, decreasing the efficiency and therefore causing failure of the battery. Thus, eliminating these unexpected defect structures is significant for enhancing the battery performance. Herein, we develop a strategy of applying a soft-carbon coating onto free-standing hard-carbon electrodes, which greatly hinders the formation of defects and oxygen-containing groups on hard carbon. The electrochemical results show that the soft-carbon-coated, free-standing hard-carbon electrodes can achieve an ultrahigh ICE of 94.1% and long cycling performance (99% capacity retention after 100 cycles at a current density of 20 mA g-1), demonstrating their great potential in practical sodium storage systems. The sodium storage mechanism was also investigated by operando Raman spectroscopy. Our sodium storage mechanism extends the "adsorption-intercalation-pore filling-deposition" model. We propose that the pore filling in the plateau area might be divided into two parts: (1) sodium could fill in the pores near the inner wall of the carbon layer; (2) when the sodium in the inner wall pores is close to saturation, the sodium could be further deposited onto the existing sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Xi He
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Hua Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hong Lai
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Rongrong Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Mei Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Dai
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yun Gao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hao Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Gang Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yun Qiao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Lei Chou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Minghong Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
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12
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Wang L, Wang J, Ng DHL, Li S, Zou B, Cui Y, Liu X, El-Khodary SA, Qiu J, Lian J. Operando mechanistic and dynamic studies of N/P co-doped hard carbon nanofibers for efficient sodium storage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9610-9613. [PMID: 34546262 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03961j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In situ Raman and electrochemical results reveal that Na+ adsorbs on the surface/defective sites of N/P-HCNF and inserts randomly into its turbostratic nanodomains in the dilute state without a staged formation, which can facilitate fast Na+ diffusion kinetics for efficient sodium storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaoliao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zhenjiang, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zhenjiang, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Dickon H L Ng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zhenjiang, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Bobo Zou
- Key Laboratory of Zhenjiang, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Yingxue Cui
- Key Laboratory of Zhenjiang, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Xianhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing & Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Sherif A El-Khodary
- Key Laboratory of Zhenjiang, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Jingxia Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Zhenjiang, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Jiabiao Lian
- Key Laboratory of Zhenjiang, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China.
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13
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Zhu C, Fan C, Cortés E, Xie W. In situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroelectrochemistry reveals the molecular conformation of electrolyte additives in Li-ion batteries. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2021; 9:20024-20031. [PMID: 34589227 PMCID: PMC8439146 DOI: 10.1039/d1ta04218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the mechanism of rhodamine B (RhB) acting as an electrolyte additive in Li/graphite cells. We show that the cycle performance and rate capability of graphite are enhanced in carbonate-based electrolytes containing 0.2 wt% RhB. By using silica-encapsulated Au nanoparticles, in situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is applied to study the graphite/electrolyte interface. We find that the adsorption orientation of RhB molecules on the surface of graphite can be modulated by the applied potential: vertical adsorption at higher potentials while horizontal adsorption takes place at lower potentials. This behavior effectively suppresses the electrolyte solvent decomposition, as well as electrode corrosion while improving the Li+ diffusion. This work shows that SERS is a powerful tool for interfacial analysis of battery systems and provides new ideas for rational design of electrolyte additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbo Zhu
- Key Lab of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Weijin Rd. 94 Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chenghao Fan
- Key Lab of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Weijin Rd. 94 Tianjin 300071 China
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München 80539 München Germany
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München 80539 München Germany
| | - Wei Xie
- Key Lab of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Weijin Rd. 94 Tianjin 300071 China
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14
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Cabañero M, Hagen M, Quiroga-González E. In-operando Raman study of lithium plating on graphite electrodes of lithium ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Yadav R, Joshi P, Hara M, Yoshimura M. In situ electrochemical Raman investigation of charge storage in rGO and N-doped rGO. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:11789-11796. [PMID: 33982723 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, in situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy was applied to clarify the charge storage mechanism in three types of anodes, synthetic graphite, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO). The Li+ intercalation phenomenon was measured in LiPF6 electrolyte solution using a modified coin cell setup. The synthetic graphite anode showed the splitting of the G peak at the potential E < 0.2 V vs. Li/Li+, corresponding to the formation of a graphite intercalation compound (GIC) and its second-order 2D peak was found to be red-shifted due to charge transfer and induced strain in the potential region of 0.5 to 0.15 V vs. Li/Li+. In the case of rGO, the lattice defects assisted in large and early intercalation of electrolyte ions, which is confirmed by the red-shift in the G peak (∼36 cm-1) and its early disappearance below 0.3 V vs. Li/Li+, respectively. Unlike rGO, nitrogen vacancies in N-rGO provide active sites for Li+ intercalation, resulting in enhanced charge transfer, displayed by the large red-shift in the G peak (∼55 cm-1) and blue-shift in the D peak. In addition, a new Raman peak at 1850 cm-1 was observed in N-rGO for the first time, corresponding to the formation of a reversible intermediate species from the interaction between Li+ and nitrogen vacancies. This work demonstrates the use of a simple in situ technique to get insight into the nano-carbon electrodes during device operation and to reveal the role of doped nitrogen atoms for Li+ intercalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Yadav
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan.
| | - Prerna Joshi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan.
| | - Masanori Hara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan.
| | - Masamichi Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan.
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16
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Ding R, Huang Y, Li G, Liao Q, Wei T, Liu Y, Huang Y, He H. Carbon Anode Materials for Rechargeable Alkali Metal Ion Batteries and in-situ Characterization Techniques. Front Chem 2020; 8:607504. [PMID: 33392150 PMCID: PMC7773943 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.607504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), used for energy supply and storage equipment, have been widely applied in consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. However, the urgent demand for high energy density batteries and the shortage of lithium resources is driving scientists to develop high-performance materials and find alternatives. Low-volume expansion carbon material is the ideal choice of anode material. However, the low specific capacity has gradually become the shortcoming for the development of LIBs and thus developing new carbon material with high specific capacity is urgently needed. In addition, developing alternatives of LIBs, such as sodium ion batteries and potassium-ion batteries, also puts forward demands for new types of carbon materials. As is well-known, the design of high-performance electrodes requires a deep understanding on the working mechanism and the structural evolution of active materials. On this issue, ex-situ techniques have been widely applied to investigate the electrode materials under special working conditions, and provide a lot of information. Unfortunately, these observed phenomena are difficult to reflect the reaction under real working conditions and some important short-lived intermediate products cannot be captured, leading to an incomplete understanding of the working mechanism. In-situ techniques can observe the changes of active materials in operando during the charge/discharge processes, providing the concrete process of solid electrolyte formation, ions intercalation mechanism, structural evolutions, etc. Herein, this review aims to provide an overview on the characters of carbon materials in alkali ion batteries and the role of in-situ techniques in developing carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruida Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yalan Huang
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangxing Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Liao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Wei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yanjie Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Hao He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China
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17
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Hui J, Nijamudheen A, Sarbapalli D, Xia C, Qu Z, Mendoza-Cortes JL, Rodríguez-López J. Nernstian Li + intercalation into few-layer graphene and its use for the determination of K + co-intercalation processes. Chem Sci 2020; 12:559-568. [PMID: 34163786 PMCID: PMC8179004 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03226c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkali ion intercalation is fundamental to battery technologies for a wide spectrum of potential applications that permeate our modern lifestyle, including portable electronics, electric vehicles, and the electric grid. In spite of its importance, the Nernstian nature of the charge transfer process describing lithiation of carbon has not been described previously. Here we use the ultrathin few-layer graphene (FLG) with micron-sized grains as a powerful platform for exploring intercalation and co-intercalation mechanisms of alkali ions with high versatility. Using voltammetric and chronoamperometric methods and bolstered by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we show the kinetically facile co-intercalation of Li+ and K+ within an ultrathin FLG electrode. While changes in the solution concentration of Li+ lead to a displacement of the staging voltammetric signature with characteristic slopes ca. 54-58 mV per decade, modification of the K+/Li+ ratio in the electrolyte leads to distinct shifts in the voltammetric peaks for (de)intercalation, with a changing slope as low as ca. 30 mV per decade. Bulk ion diffusion coefficients in the carbon host, as measured using the potentiometric intermittent titration technique (PITT) were similarly sensitive to solution composition. DFT results showed that co-intercalation of Li+ and K+ within the same layer in FLG can form thermodynamically favorable systems. Calculated binding energies for co-intercalation systems increased with respect to the area of Li+-only domains and decreased with respect to the concentration of -K-Li- phases. While previous studies of co-intercalation on a graphitic anode typically focus on co-intercalation of solvents and one particular alkali ion, this is to the best of our knowledge the first study elucidating the intercalation behavior of two monovalent alkali ions. This study establishes ultrathin graphitic electrodes as an enabling electroanalytical platform to uncover thermodynamic and kinetic processes of ion intercalation with high versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Hui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA +1-217-300-7354
| | - A Nijamudheen
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M - Florida State University, Joint College of Engineering 2525 Pottsdamer Street Tallahassee Florida 32310 USA
| | - Dipobrato Sarbapalli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1304 West Green Street Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Chang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA +1-217-300-7354
| | - Zihan Qu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA +1-217-300-7354
| | - Jose L Mendoza-Cortes
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M - Florida State University, Joint College of Engineering 2525 Pottsdamer Street Tallahassee Florida 32310 USA
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA +1-217-300-7354
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18
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Zou J, Li F, Bissett MA, Kim F, Hardwick LJ. Intercalation behaviour of Li and Na into 3-layer and multilayer MoS2 flakes. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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19
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Lodico JJ, Lai CH, Woodall M, Chan HL, Garcia E, Hubbard WA, Dunn B, Regan BC. Irreversibility at macromolecular scales in the flake graphite of the lithium-ion battery anode. JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES 2019; 436:226841. [PMID: 31824126 PMCID: PMC6904116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.226841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Charging a commercial lithium-ion battery intercalates lithium into the graphite-based anode, creating various lithium carbide structures. Despite their economic importance, these structures and the dynamics of their charging-discharging transitions are not well-understood. We have videoed single microcrystals of high-quality, natural graphite undergoing multiple lithiation-delithiation cycles. Because the equilibrium lithium-carbide compounds corresponding to full, half, and one-third charge are gold, red, and blue respectively, video observations give direct insight into both the macromolecular structures and the kinematics of charging and discharging. We find that the transport during the first lithiation is slow and orderly, and follows the core-shell or shrinking annuli model with phase boundaries moving at constant velocities (i.e. non-diffusively). Subsequent lithiations are markedly different, showing transport that is both faster and disorderly, which indicates that the initially pristine graphite is irreversibly and considerably altered during the first cycle. In all cases deintercalation is not the time-reverse of intercalation. These findings both illustrate how lithium enters nearly defect-free host material, and highlight the differences between the idealized case and an actual, cycling graphite anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared J. Lodico
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of
California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
| | - Chun-Han Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Mark Woodall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of
California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
| | - Ho Leung Chan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of
California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
| | - Erick Garcia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of
California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
| | - William A. Hubbard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of
California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
| | - Bruce Dunn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - B. C. Regan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of
California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
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20
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Liu D, Shadike Z, Lin R, Qian K, Li H, Li K, Wang S, Yu Q, Liu M, Ganapathy S, Qin X, Yang QH, Wagemaker M, Kang F, Yang XQ, Li B. Review of Recent Development of In Situ/Operando Characterization Techniques for Lithium Battery Research. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806620. [PMID: 31099081 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demands of energy storage require the significant improvement of current Li-ion battery electrode materials and the development of advanced electrode materials. Thus, it is necessary to gain an in-depth understanding of the reaction processes, degradation mechanism, and thermal decomposition mechanisms under realistic operation conditions. This understanding can be obtained by in situ/operando characterization techniques, which provide information on the structure evolution, redox mechanism, solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, side reactions, and Li-ion transport properties under operating conditions. Here, the recent developments in the in situ/operando techniques employed for the investigation of the structural stability, dynamic properties, chemical environment changes, and morphological evolution are described and summarized. The experimental approaches reviewed here include X-ray, electron, neutron, optical, and scanning probes. The experimental methods and operating principles, especially the in situ cell designs, are described in detail. Representative studies of the in situ/operando techniques are summarized, and finally the major current challenges and future opportunities are discussed. Several important battery challenges are likely to benefit from these in situ/operando techniques, including the inhomogeneous reactions of high-energy-density cathodes, the development of safe and reversible Li metal plating, and the development of stable SEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Liu
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zulipiya Shadike
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Ruoqian Lin
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Kun Qian
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Nano Energy Materials Laboratory (NEM), Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hai Li
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kaikai Li
- Interdisciplinary Division of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Shuwei Wang
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qipeng Yu
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 15, Delft, 2629JB, The Netherlands
| | - Swapna Ganapathy
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 15, Delft, 2629JB, The Netherlands
| | - Xianying Qin
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Quan-Hong Yang
- Nanoyang Group, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Marnix Wagemaker
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 15, Delft, 2629JB, The Netherlands
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Nano Energy Materials Laboratory (NEM), Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Yang
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Baohua Li
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Materials and Devices Testing Center, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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21
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Stark MS, Kuntz KL, Martens SJ, Warren SC. Intercalation of Layered Materials from Bulk to 2D. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1808213. [PMID: 31069852 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Intercalation in few-layer (2D) materials is a rapidly growing area of research to develop next-generation energy-storage and optoelectronic devices, including batteries, sensors, transistors, and electrically tunable displays. Identifying fundamental differences between intercalation in bulk and 2D materials will play a key role in developing functional devices. Herein, advances in few-layer intercalation are addressed in the historical context of bulk intercalation. First, synthesis methods and structural properties are discussed, emphasizing electrochemical techniques, the mechanism of intercalation, and the formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase. To address fundamental differences between bulk and 2D materials, scaling relationships describe how intercalation kinetics, structure, and electronic and optical properties depend on material thickness and lateral dimension. Here, diffusion rates, pseudocapacity, limits of staging, and electronic structure are compared for bulk and 2D materials. Next, the optoelectronic properties are summarized, focusing on charge transfer, conductivity, and electronic structure. For energy devices, opportunities also emerge to design van der Waals heterostructures with high capacities and excellent cycling performance. Initial studies of heterostructured electrodes are compared to state-of-the-art battery materials. Finally, challenges and opportunities are presented for 2D materials in energy and optoelectronic applications, along with promising research directions in synthesis and characterization to engineer 2D materials for superior devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline S Stark
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kaci L Kuntz
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Sean J Martens
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Scott C Warren
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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22
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Salvatierra RV, López-Silva GA, Jalilov AS, Yoon J, Wu G, Tsai AL, Tour JM. Suppressing Li Metal Dendrites Through a Solid Li-Ion Backup Layer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1803869. [PMID: 30368916 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for sustainable and off-grid energy storage is reviving the attempts to use Li metal as the anode in the next generation of batteries. However, the use of Li anodes is hampered due to the growth of Li dendrites upon charging and discharging, which compromises the life and safety of the battery. Here, it is shown that lithiated multiwall carbon nanotubes (Li-MWCNTs) act as a controlled Li diffusion interface that suppresses the growth of Li dendrites by regulating the Li+ ion flux during charge/discharge cycling at current densities between 2 and 4 mA cm-2 . A full Li-S cell is fabricated to showcase the versatility of the protected Li anode with the Li-MWCNT interface, where the full cells could support pulse discharges at high currents and over 450 cycles at different rates with coulombic efficiencies close to 99.9%. This work indicates that carbon materials in lithiated forms can be an effective and simple approach to the stabilization of Li metal anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gladys A López-Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Almaz S Jalilov
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jongwon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ah-Lim Tsai
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - James M Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute and the NanoCarbon Center, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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23
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Hui J, Schorr NB, Pakhira S, Qu Z, Mendoza-Cortes JL, Rodríguez-López J. Achieving Fast and Efficient K + Intercalation on Ultrathin Graphene Electrodes Modified by a Li + Based Solid-Electrolyte Interphase. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13599-13603. [PMID: 30299954 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advancing beyond Li-ion batteries requires translating the beneficial characteristics of Li+ electrodes to attractive, yet incipient, candidates such as those based on K+ intercalation. Here, we use ultrathin few-layer graphene (FLG) electrodes as a model interface to show a dramatic enhancement of K+ intercalation performance through a simple conditioning of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) in a Li+ containing electrolyte. Unlike the substantial plating occurring in K+ containing electrolytes, we found that a Li+ based SEI enabled efficient K+ intercalation with discrete staging-type phase transitions observed via cyclic voltammetry at scan rates up to 100 mVs-1 and confirmed as ion-intercalation processes through in situ Raman spectroscopy. The resulting interface yielded fast charge-discharge rates up to ∼360C (1C is fully discharge in 1 h) and remarkable long-term cycling stability at 10C for 1000 cycles. This SEI promoted the transport of K+ as verified via mass spectrometric depth profiling. This work introduces a convenient strategy for improving the performance of ion intercalation electrodes toward a practical K-ion battery and FLG electrodes as a powerful analytical platform for evaluating fundamental aspects of ion intercalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Hui
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Noah B Schorr
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Srimanta Pakhira
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science , Indian Institute of Technology Indore , Simrol , Indore - 453552 , Madhya Pradesh , India.,Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering , Florida A&M-Florida State University, Joint College of Engineering , 2525 Pottsdamer Street , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States.,Department of Scientific Computing, Materials Science and Engineering , High Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States.,Condensed Matter Theory, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University , 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Zihan Qu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Jose L Mendoza-Cortes
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering , Florida A&M-Florida State University, Joint College of Engineering , 2525 Pottsdamer Street , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States.,Department of Scientific Computing, Materials Science and Engineering , High Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States.,Condensed Matter Theory, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University , 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States.,Department of Physics , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
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In situ measurement and experimental analysis of lithium mass transport in graphite electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sharbati MT, Du Y, Torres J, Ardolino ND, Yun M, Xiong F. Low-Power, Electrochemically Tunable Graphene Synapses for Neuromorphic Computing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802353. [PMID: 30033599 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain-inspired neuromorphic computing has the potential to revolutionize the current computing paradigm with its massive parallelism and potentially low power consumption. However, the existing approaches of using digital complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor devices (with "0" and "1" states) to emulate gradual/analog behaviors in the neural network are energy intensive and unsustainable; furthermore, emerging memristor devices still face challenges such as nonlinearities and large write noise. Here, an electrochemical graphene synapse, where the electrical conductance of graphene is reversibly modulated by the concentration of Li ions between the layers of graphene is presented. This fundamentally different mechanism allows to achieve a good energy efficiency (<500 fJ per switching event), analog tunability (>250 nonvolatile states), good endurance, and retention performances, and a linear and symmetric resistance response. Essential neuronal functions such as excitatory and inhibitory synapses, long-term potentiation and depression, and spike timing dependent plasticity with good repeatability are demonstrated. The scaling study suggests that this simple, two-dimensional synapse is scalable in terms of switching energy and speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghi Sharbati
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Yanhao Du
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Jorge Torres
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Nolan D Ardolino
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Minhee Yun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
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In situ Raman spectroscopic analysis of the lithiation and sodiation of antimony microparticles. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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