1
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A Bird T, Chen J, Songvilay M, Stock C, T Wharmby M, C Bristowe N, S Senn M. Large dynamic scissoring mode displacements coupled to band gap opening in the cubic phase of the methylammonium lead halide perovskites. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:415402. [PMID: 38914103 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad5b44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid perovskites are a rapidly growing research area, having reached photovoltaic power conversion efficiencies of over 25%. There is a increasing consensus that the structures of these materials, and hence their electronic structures, cannot be understood purely from the time and space averaged crystal structures observable by conventional methods. We apply a symmetry-motivated analysis method to analyse x-ray pair distribution function data of the cubic phases of the hybrid perovskites MAPbX3(X= I, Br, Cl). We demonstrate that, even in the cubic phase, the local structure of the inorganic components of MAPbX3(X= I, Br, Cl), are dominated by scissoring type deformations of the PbX6octahedra. We find these modes to have a larger amplitude than equivalent distortions in theA-site deficient perovskite ScF3and demonstrate that they show a significant departure from the harmonic approximation. Calculations performed on an inorganic perovskite analogue, FrPbBr3, show that the large amplitudes of the scissoring modes are coupled to a dynamic opening of the electronic band gap. Finally, we use density functional theory calculations to show that the organic MA cations reorientate to accommodate the large amplitude scissoring modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A Bird
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Jungshen Chen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manila Songvilay
- Institut Néel, CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Chris Stock
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T Wharmby
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas C Bristowe
- Centre for Materials Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S Senn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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2
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Mondal S, Habib M, Sarkar R, Pal S. Prolonged Exciton Lifetime Is Achieved in Porphyrin Nanoring by Template Engineering: A Nonadiabatic Tight Binding Approach. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4737-4744. [PMID: 38661142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Porphyrin nanoring has been attracting immense attention due to its light harvesting capacity and potential applications in optical, catalysis, sensor, and electronic devices. We demonstrate by nonadiabatic quantum dynamics simulations that the photovoltaic efficiency can be enhanced by template engineering. Altering the hexadentate template (T6) with two tridentate templates (2T3) within the porphyrin ring (P6) cavity accelerated the electron transfer twice and suppressed the electron-hole recombination by nearly three times. The atomistic tight-binding simulation rationalized the dynamics by different localizations of charge of the band edge states, changes in nonadiabatic coupling, alteration in quantum coherence, and involvement of diverse electron-phonon vibrational modes. Further 2T3 templates more strongly hold the P6 ring than T6, reducing the structural fluctuation. As a result, the nonadiabatic coupling becomes weaker and suppresses the carrier recombination. Current atomistic simulation presents a template engineering strategy to enhance the exciton lifetime along with ultrafast charge separation, crucial factors for photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrabanti Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - Md Habib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
- Department of Chemistry, Sripat Singh College, Jiaganj 742122, India
| | - Ritabrata Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - Sougata Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
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3
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Zhan J, Yang J, Xie X, Prezhdo OV, Li W. Interplay of structural fluctuations and charge carrier dynamics is key for high performance of hybrid lead halide perovskites. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01482c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interplay of organic cation rotation and inorganic lattice fluctuation maintains the high performance of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jack Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaoyin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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4
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Li W, She Y, Vasenko AS, Prezhdo OV. Ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics of charge carriers in metal halide perovskites. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10239-10265. [PMID: 34031683 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01990b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced nonequilibrium processes in nanoscale materials play key roles in photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications. This review summarizes recent theoretical investigations of excited state dynamics in metal halide perovskites (MHPs), carried out using a state-of-the-art methodology combining nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with real-time time-dependent density functional theory. The simulations allow one to study evolution of charge carriers at the ab initio level and in the time-domain, in direct connection with time-resolved spectroscopy experiments. Eliminating the need for the common approximations, such as harmonic phonons, a choice of the reaction coordinate, weak electron-phonon coupling, a particular kinetic mechanism, and perturbative calculation of rate constants, we model full-dimensional quantum dynamics of electrons coupled to semiclassical vibrations. We study realistic aspects of material composition and structure and their influence on various nonequilibrium processes, including nonradiative trapping and relaxation of charge carriers, hot carrier cooling and luminescence, Auger-type charge-charge scattering, multiple excitons generation and recombination, charge and energy transfer between donor and acceptor materials, and charge recombination inside individual materials and across donor/acceptor interfaces. These phenomena are illustrated with representative materials and interfaces. Focus is placed on response to external perturbations, formation of point defects and their passivation, mixed stoichiometries, dopants, grain boundaries, and interfaces of MHPs with charge transport layers, and quantum confinement. In addition to bulk materials, perovskite quantum dots and 2D perovskites with different layer and spacer cation structures, edge passivation, and dielectric screening are discussed. The atomistic insights into excited state dynamics under realistic conditions provide the fundamental understanding needed for design of advanced solar energy and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Zhang J, Hong H, Zhang J, Wu C, Peng H, Liu K, Meng S. Unravelling a Zigzag Pathway for Hot Carrier Collection with Graphene Electrode. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2886-2891. [PMID: 33724034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The capture of photoexcited deep-band hot carriers, excited by photons with energies far above the bandgap, is of significant importance for photovoltaic and photoelectronic applications because it is directly related to the quantum efficiency of photon-to-electron conversion. By employing time-resolved photoluminescence and state-of-the-art time-domain density functional theory, we reveal that photoexcited hot carriers in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites prefer a zigzag interfacial charge-transfer pathway, i.e., the hot carriers transfer back and forth between CH3NH3PbI3 and graphene electrode, before they reach a charge-separated state. Driven by quantum coherence and interlayer vibrational modes, this pathway at the semiconductor-graphene interface takes about 400 fs, much faster than the relaxation process within CH3NH3PbI3 (several picoseconds). Our work provides new insight into the fundamental understanding and precise manipulation of hot carrier dynamics at the complex interfaces, paving the way for highly efficient photovoltaic and photoelectric device optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Hao Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Jincan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Chunchun Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Hailin Peng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
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6
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Sahoo S, Thoguluva R, Ramalingam R, Velaga S, Pandey KK, Chandra S. High-Pressure Structural Phase Transformation of Ferroelectric Bis-benzylammonium Lead Tetrachloride Studied by Raman Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3657-3666. [PMID: 33630574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic 2-D perovskite bis-benzylammonium lead tetrachloride (BALC) is a room-temperature ferroelectric semiconductor. A structural phase transformation from the ambient Cmc21 structure is evident at 1.8 GPa from the Raman spectra, and this is confirmed by our high-pressure X-ray diffraction studies that point to a centrosymmetric structure Cmcm at 1.7 GPa. The ambient phase is recoverable on decompression. Using density functional theory calculations, we have studied the intermolecular and intramolecular vibrations to get an idea of the structural changes as a function of pressure. The high-pressure transition is identified to be due to a distortion in the PbCl6 octahedra and a conformation change in the molecule. There are several discontinuities, broadening, and splitting of the Raman bands, corresponding to NH3 units above 1.8 GPa that point to rearrangements in the hydrogen bond network in the new phase. The ambient structure shows anisotropic compressibility, with a bulk modulus of 14.5 ± 0.33 GPa. As the new phase is a centrosymmetric structure, BALC is expected to lose its ferroelectricity above ∼1.8 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradhanjali Sahoo
- Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu 603102, India
| | - Ravindran Thoguluva
- Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu 603102, India
| | - Rajaraman Ramalingam
- Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu 603102, India
| | - Srihari Velaga
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Krishan Kumar Pandey
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sharat Chandra
- Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu 603102, India
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7
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Ultrasensitive polarized-light photodetectors based on 2D hybrid perovskite ferroelectric crystals with a low detection limit. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:158-163. [PMID: 36654223 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Polarized-light photodetectors are the indispensable elements for practical optical and optoelectronic device applications. Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid perovskite ferroelectrics, in which the coupling of spontaneous polarization (Ps) and light favors the dissociation of photo-induced carriers, have taken a booming position within this portfolio. However, polarized-light photodetectors with a low detection-limit remain unexplored in this 2D ferroelectric family. In this work, the high-quality individual crystals of a 2D perovskite ferroelectric, BA2CsPb2Br7 (1, where BA+ is n-butylammonium), were used to fabricate ultrasensitive polarized-light detectors. Its unique bilayered structural motif results in quite strong electric and optical anisotropy with a large absorption ratio of αc/αa ≈ 3.2 (λ = 405 nm). Besides, the presence of ferroelectric Ps also endows high built-in electric field along the polar c-axis that favors photoelectric activities. Under an extremely low detectable limit of 40 nW/cm2, the detector of 1 exhibits a notable dichroism ratio (Iphc/Ipha ≈ 1.5), a large responsivity of ~39.5 mA/W and a specific detectivity of ~1.2 × 1012 Jones. Moreover, crystal-based devices of 1 also exhibit a fast response speed (~300 μs) and excellent anti-fatigue merits. This work highlights great potentials of hybrid perovskite ferroelectrics toward polarized-light photodetection.
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8
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He J, Fang WH, Long R. Two-Dimensional Perovskite Capping Layer Simultaneously Improves the Charge Carriers' Lifetime and Stability of MAPbI 3 Perovskite: A Time-Domain Ab Initio Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5100-5107. [PMID: 32513007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) heterostructured perovskites show enhanced stability and an extended charge lifetime compared to those of the 3D component. The mystery remains unexplored for both phenomena in the class of the typical type-I heterojunction. By using time-domain density functional theory combined with nonadiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics simulations for the MA3Bi2I9/MAPbI3 (MA = CH3NH3+) junction, we demonstrate that the formation of I-Pb chemical bonds at the junction suppresses the atomic motions. The inhibited charge recombination in the junction is ascribed to the increased band gap, reduced NA coupling, and shortened coherence time. By localizing the hole wave function, the NA coupling is decreased by about a factor of 1.4. The presence of multiple phonon modes, particularly the Bi-I vibrations, accelerates decoherence about twice as fast as that in the pristine MAPbI3. As a result, the 2D capping layer reduces the recombination in MAPbI3 by more than a factor of 2, decreasing charge and energy losses. The strategy can be applied to optimize the performance of other 2D/3D heterostructured perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu He
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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9
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Jia F, Hu S, Xu S, Gao H, Zhao G, Barone P, Stroppa A, Ren W. Persistent Spin-texture and Ferroelectric Polarization in 2D Hybrid Perovskite Benzylammonium Lead-halide. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5177-5183. [PMID: 32298584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations were performed for the electronic and the ferroelectric properties of the bulk and the monolayer benzylammonium lead-halide (BA2PbCl4). Our calculations indicate that both the bulk and monolayer systems display a band gap of ∼3.3 eV (HSE06+SOC) and a spontaneous polarization of ∼5.4 μC/cm2. The similar physical properties of bulk and monolayer systems suggest a strong decoupling among the layers in this hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite. Both the ferroelectricity, through associated structure distortion, and the spin-orbit coupling, through splitting induced in the electronic bands, significantly influence the band gaps. Most importantly, we found for the first time in a two-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic class of material, a peculiar spin texture topology such as a unidirectional spin-orbit field, which may lead to a protection against spin decoherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhao Jia
- Physics Department, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, and International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shunbo Hu
- Physics Department, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, and International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Materials Genome Institute and Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shaowen Xu
- Physics Department, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, and International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Heng Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- Physics Department, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, and International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Paolo Barone
- CNR-SPIN c/o Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Università of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stroppa
- CNR-SPIN c/o Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Università of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Wei Ren
- Physics Department, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, and International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Materials Genome Institute and Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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10
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Geng W, Tong C, Zhang Y, Liu L. Theoretical Progress on the Relationship between the Structures and Properties of Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Geng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan 610054 China
- School of Physics Beihang University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Chuan‐Jia Tong
- School of Physics Beihang University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yanning Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan 610054 China
| | - Li‐Min Liu
- School of Physics Beihang University Beijing 100191 China
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11
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He J, Casanova D, Fang WH, Long R, Prezhdo OV. MAI Termination Favors Efficient Hole Extraction and Slow Charge Recombination at the MAPbI 3/CuSCN Heterojunction. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4481-4489. [PMID: 32423207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced charge separation is the key step determining the efficiency of photon-to-electron conversion in solar cells, while charge carrier lifetimes govern the overall solar cell performance. Experiments report that copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) is a very promising hole extraction layer for perovskite solar cells. Using nonadiabatic molecular dynamics combined with ab initio time-domain density functional theory, we show that termination of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) at MAPbI3/CuSCN heterojunctions has a strong influence on both charge separation and recombination. Both processes are favored by MAI termination, compared to PbI2 termination. Because the MAPbI3 valence band originates from iodine orbitals while the conduction band arises from Pb orbitals, MAI termination places holes close to CuSCN, favoring extraction, and creates an MAI barrier for recombination of electrons in MAPbI3 and holes in CuSCN. The opposite is true for PbI2 termination. The origin of these effects is attributed solely to the properties of the MAPbI3 surfaces, and therefore, the conclusions should apply to other hole-transporting materials and can be generalized to other perovskites. Importantly, the simulations show that the injected hole remains hot for several hundreds of femtoseconds, allowing it to escape the interfacial region and prevent formation of bound excitons. This study suggests that metal halide perovskites should be treated with an organic precursor, such as MAI, prior to the formation of their interfaces with hole-transporting materials. The reported results advance the fundamental understanding of the highly unusual properties of metal halide perovskites and provide specific guidelines for optimizing the performance of perovskite solar cells and other devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu He
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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12
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Shi R, Zhang Z, Fang WH, Long R. Ferroelastic domains drive charge separation and suppress electron-hole recombination in all-inorganic halide perovskites: time-domain ab initio analysis. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:683-690. [PMID: 32226964 DOI: 10.1039/c9nh00717b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
All-inorganic perovskites have great potential in photovoltaic applications and their performance is subject to phonon-assisted charge recombination dynamics. Local microstructures, such as ferroelastic domains, are considered to have a significant influence on the charge carrier lifetime in the CsPbBr3 perovskite. Employing a combination of time-domain density functional theory and nonadiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that the formation of ferroelastic domains weakens the NA coupling and suppresses the non-radiative electron-hole recombination. This effect originates from the ferroelastic domains separating electron and hole wave functions spatially and decreasing the NA coupling by a factor of 2.4 compared to pristine CsPbBr3, delaying electron-hole recombination by a factor of 4.2. We also show that symmetry breaking enhances electronic-vibrational interactions, activating more phonon modes and accelerating quantum decoherence by 1 fs or so, which further slows recombination. Both factors compete successfully with the slightly reduced bandgap of about 0.2 eV and prolong the charge carrier lifetime to several nanoseconds. Our study advances the understanding of the atomistic mechanism for inhibited recombination in the CsPbBr3 perovskite in the presence of ferroelastic domains, providing an effective route to design high-performance all-inorganic halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Shi
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Tong CJ, Li L, Liu LM, Prezhdo OV. Synergy between Ion Migration and Charge Carrier Recombination in Metal-Halide Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3060-3068. [PMID: 31965789 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Charge carrier recombination plays a vital role in the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cell. By investigating a possible synergy between ion migration and charge carrier recombination, we demonstrate that the nonradiative recombination accelerates by an order of magnitude during iodide migration. The migration induces lattice distortion that brings electrons and holes close to each other and increases their electrostatic interactions. The wave function localization in the same spatial region, and the enhanced lattice and iodide movements increase the nonadiabatic coupling. At the same time, quantum coherence lasts longer, because electron and hole energy levels become correlated. All these factors greatly increase the recombination rate. Moreover, the energy level of the iodide vacancy created during the migration moves from inside the conduction band in the equilibrated structure into the band gap, acting as a typical efficient nonradiative charge recombination center. Our work shows that the different dynamic processes are strongly correlated in halide perovskites and demonstrates that defects, considered to be benign, can become very detrimental under non-equilibrium conditions. The reported results strongly suggest that ion migration should be avoided in halide perovskites, both for its own reasons, such as the large current-voltage hysteresis, and because it greatly accelerates charge carrier losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Jia Tong
- School of Physics , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , China.,Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States.,Department of Physics , University of York , Heslington , York YO10 5DD , United Kingdom
| | - Linqiu Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Li-Min Liu
- School of Physics , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
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14
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Boukhvalov DW, Zhidkov IS, Akbulatov AF, Kukharenko AI, Cholakh SO, Stevenson KJ, Troshin PA, Kurmaev EZ. Thermal Effects and Halide Mixing of Hybrid Perovskites: MD and XPS Studies. J Phys Chem A 2019; 124:135-140. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b09653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danil W. Boukhvalov
- College of Science, Institute of Materials Physics and Chemistry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People’s Republic of China
- Theoretical Physics and Applied Mathematics Department, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ivan S. Zhidkov
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira 19 Street, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | | | - Andrey I. Kukharenko
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira 19 Street, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Seif O. Cholakh
- College of Science, Institute of Materials Physics and Chemistry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keith J. Stevenson
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Street 3, Moscow 143026, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel A. Troshin
- IPCP RAS, Semenov Prospect 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Street 3, Moscow 143026, Russian Federation
| | - Ernst Z. Kurmaev
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira 19 Street, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- M. N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskoi 18 Street, Yekaterinburg 620108, Russia
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15
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Qiao L, Fang WH, Long R. Ferroelectric Polarization Suppresses Nonradiative Electron-Hole Recombination in CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Perovskites: A Time-Domain ab Initio Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7237-7244. [PMID: 31694370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ordered alignment of polar organic cations in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites causes a ferroelectric phase, which is believed to be benign for photovoltaic devices. Using a combination of time-domain density functional theory and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, we study the influence of the interactions of polar MA (CH3NH3+) cations and between their inorganic counterparts on the nonradiative electron-hole recombination in the room-temperature ferroelectric MAPbI3 perovskite. We show that ferroelectric alignment of the polar C-N bonds favors charge separation and reduces nonadiabatic coupling. Symmetry breaking enhances low-frequency collective motions and introduces additional high-frequency vibrations, thus accelerating quantum decoherence. Both factors contribute to suppressing the nonradiative electron-hole recombination, extending the charge carrier lifetimes to several nanoseconds and showing a factor of 3 increase compared to the pristine system. Consequently, ferroelectric engineering provides an excellent route to improve hybrid perovskite device performance as a result of long-range charge separation and slow charge recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qiao
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
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16
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A fluorescence quenching sensor for Fe3+ detection using (C6H5NH3)2Pb3I8·2H2O hybrid perovskite. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.107562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Mehdipour H, Smith BA, Rezakhani AT, Tafreshi SS, de Leeuw NH, Prezhdo OV, Moshfegh AZ, Akimov AV. Dependence of electron transfer dynamics on the number of graphene layers in π-stacked 2D materials: insights from ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:23198-23208. [PMID: 31612886 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent time-resolved transient absorption studies demonstrated that the rate of photoinduced interfacial charge transfer (CT) from Zn-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) to single-layer graphene (SLG) is faster than to double-layer graphene (DLG), in contrast to the expectation from Fermi's golden rule. We present the first time-domain non-adiabatic molecular dynamics (NA-MD) study of the electron injection process from photoexcited ZnPc molecules into SLG and DLG substrates. Our calculations suggest that CT occurs faster in the ZnPc/SLG system than in the ZnPc/DLG system, with 580 fs and 810 fs being the fastest components of the observed CT timescales, respectively. The computed timescales are in close agreement with those reported in the experiment. The computed CT timescales are determined largely by the magnitudes of the non-adiabatic couplings (NAC), which we find to be 4 meV and 2 meV, for the ZnPc/SLG and ZnPc/DLG systems, respectively. The transitions are driven mainly by the ZnPc out-of-plane bending mode at 1100 cm-1 and an overtone of fundamental modes in graphene at 2450 cm-1. We find that dephasing occurs on the timescale of 20 fs and is similar in both systems, so decoherence does not notably change the qualitative trends in the CT timescales. We highlight the importance of proper energy level alignment for capturing the qualitative trends in the CT dynamics observed in experiment. In addition, we illustrate several methodological points that are important for accurately modeling nonadiabatic dynamics in the ZnPc/FLG systems, such as the choice of surface hopping methodology, the use of phase corrections, NAC scaling, and the inclusion of Hubbard terms in the density functional and molecular dynamics calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mehdipour
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Zhang Z, Fang WH, Long R, Prezhdo OV. Exciton Dissociation and Suppressed Charge Recombination at 2D Perovskite Edges: Key Roles of Unsaturated Halide Bonds and Thermal Disorder. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15557-15566. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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19
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Li W, Long R, Tang J, Prezhdo OV. Influence of Defects on Excited-State Dynamics in Lead Halide Perovskites: Time-Domain ab Initio Studies. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:3788-3804. [PMID: 31244263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective summarizes recent research into the excited-state dynamics in lead halide perovskites that are of paramount importance for photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics combined with time-domain ab initio density functional theory allows one to mimic time-resolved spectroscopy experiments at the atomistic level of detail. The focus is placed on realistic aspects of perovskite materials, including point defects, surfaces, grain boundaries, mixed stoichiometries, dopants, and interfaces. The atomistic description of the quantum dynamics of electron and hole trapping and recombination, provided by the time-domain ab initio simulations, generates important insights into the mechanisms of charge and energy losses and guides the development of high-performance perovskite solar cell devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- College of Science , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , People's Republic of China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Tang
- College of Science , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , People's Republic of China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
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20
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Lian C, Ali ZA, Kwon H, Wong BM. Indirect but Efficient: Laser-Excited Electrons Can Drive Ultrafast Polarization Switching in Ferroelectric Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:3402-3407. [PMID: 31181930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the efficiency of next-generation ferroelectric (FE) electronic devices, new techniques for controlling ferroelectric polarization switching are required. While most prior studies have attempted to induce polarization switching via the excitation of phonons, these experimental techniques required intricate and expensive terahertz sources and have not been completely successful. Here, we propose a new mechanism for rapidly and efficiently switching the FE polarization via laser-tuning of the underlying dynamical potential energy surface. Using time-dependent density functional calculations, we observe an ultrafast switching of the FE polarization in BaTiO3 within 200 fs. A laser pulse can induce a charge density redistribution that reduces the original FE charge order. This excitation results in both desirable and highly directional ionic forces that are always opposite to the original FE displacements. Our new mechanism enables the reversible switching of the FE polarization with optical pulses that can be produced from existing 800 nm experimental laser sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lian
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program, and Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Zulfikhar A Ali
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program, and Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Hyuna Kwon
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program, and Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Bryan M Wong
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program, and Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
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21
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Mahata A, Meggiolaro D, De Angelis F. From Large to Small Polarons in Lead, Tin, and Mixed Lead-Tin Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1790-1798. [PMID: 30922057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The origin of the long carrier lifetime in lead halide perovskites is still under debate, and, among different hypotheses, the formation of large polarons preventing the recombination of charge couples is one of the most fascinating. Using state-of-the art ab initio calculations, we report a systematic study of the polaron formation process in metal halide perovskites, focusing on the influence of the chemical composition of the perovskite on the polaron properties. We examine variations in A-site cations (FA, MA, Cs, and Cs-MA), B-site cations (Pb, Sn, and Pb-Sn), and X-site anions (Br, I). Our study confirms that stronger structural distortions occur for Cs than for MA and FA, with the effect of different A-site cations being almost additive. For the same A cation, bromide features stronger distortions than iodide perovskites. The pure Sn phase has an almost double polaron stabilization energy compared with the pure Pb phase. Surprisingly, the trend of polaron stabilization energy is nonmonotonic in mixed Sn-Pb perovskites, with a maximum for small Sn percentages. Polaron formation is found to be promoted by bond asymmetry, ranging from small to large polarons in mixed Sn-Pb perovskites depending on the relative Sn percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Mahata
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO) , Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM-CNR) , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Daniele Meggiolaro
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO) , Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM-CNR) , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO) , Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM-CNR) , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology , University of Perugia , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy
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22
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Jankowska J, Sobolewski AL. Efficient Separation of Photogenerated Charges in a Ferroelectric Molecular Wire: Nonadiabatic Dynamics Study on 3,5‐Dicyano‐1,7‐dimethylopyrrolo[3,2‐f]indole Trimer. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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23
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Baskov R, White AJ, Mozyrsky D. Improved Ehrenfest Approach to Model Correlated Electron-Nuclear Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:433-440. [PMID: 30621396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mixed quantum-classical mechanical descriptions are critical to modeling coupled electron-nuclear dynamics, i.e., nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, relevant to photochemical and photophysical processes. We introduce an efficient description of such dynamics in terms of an effective Hamiltonian that not only properly captures electron-nuclear correlation effects but also helps develop an efficient computational method. In particular, we introduce a coupled Gaussian wavepacket parametrization of the nuclear wave function, which generalizes the Ehrenfest approach to account for electron-nuclei correlations. We test this new approach, Ehrenfest-Plus, on a suite of model problems that probe electron-nuclear correlation in nonadiabatic transitions. The high accuracy of our approach, combined with mixed quantum-classical efficiency, opens a path for improved simulation of nonadiabatic molecular dynamics in realistic molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Baskov
- Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Pr. Nauky 46 , Kyiv-28 MSP 03028 , Ukraine
| | - Alexander J White
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Dmitry Mozyrsky
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
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24
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Li L, Liu X, Li Y, Xu Z, Wu Z, Han S, Tao K, Hong M, Luo J, Sun Z. Two-Dimensional Hybrid Perovskite-Type Ferroelectric for Highly Polarization-Sensitive Shortwave Photodetection. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2623-2629. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yaobin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenyue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiguo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kewen Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Maochun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Junhua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhihua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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25
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Li W, Sun YY, Li L, Zhou Z, Tang J, Prezhdo OV. Control of Charge Recombination in Perovskites by Oxidation State of Halide Vacancy. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15753-15763. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linqiu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Zhaohui Zhou
- Chemical Engineering and Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Tang
- College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People’s Republic of China
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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26
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Walters G, Wei M, Voznyy O, Quintero-Bermudez R, Kiani A, Smilgies DM, Munir R, Amassian A, Hoogland S, Sargent E. The quantum-confined Stark effect in layered hybrid perovskites mediated by orientational polarizability of confined dipoles. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4214. [PMID: 30310072 PMCID: PMC6181967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) is an established optical modulation mechanism, yet top-performing modulators harnessing it rely on costly fabrication processes. Here, we present large modulation amplitudes for solution-processed layered hybrid perovskites and a modulation mechanism related to the orientational polarizability of dipolar cations confined within these self-assembled quantum wells. We report an anomalous (blue-shifting) QCSE for layers that contain methylammonium cations, in contrast with cesium-containing layers that show normal (red-shifting) behavior. We attribute the blue-shifts to an extraordinary diminution in the exciton binding energy that arises from an augmented separation of the electron and hole wavefunctions caused by the orientational response of the dipolar cations. The absorption coefficient changes, realized by either the red- or blue-shifts, are the strongest among solution-processed materials at room temperature and are comparable to those exhibited in the highest-performing epitaxial compound semiconductor heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Walters
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - M Wei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - O Voznyy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - R Quintero-Bermudez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - A Kiani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - D-M Smilgies
- CHESS Wilson Laboratory, Cornell University, 161 Synchrotron Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - R Munir
- Physical and Engineering Sciences Division, KAUST Solar Center (KSU), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Amassian
- Physical and Engineering Sciences Division, KAUST Solar Center (KSU), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - S Hoogland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - E Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada.
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27
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Zhang Z, Fang WH, Tokina MV, Long R, Prezhdo OV. Rapid Decoherence Suppresses Charge Recombination in Multi-Layer 2D Halide Perovskites: Time-Domain Ab Initio Analysis. NANO LETTERS 2018. [PMID: 29533630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper halide perovskites are appealing candidates for optoelectronics and photovoltaics. Nonradiative electron-hole recombination constitutes a major pathway for charge and energy losses in these materials. Surprisingly, experimental recombination is slower in multilayers than a monolayer, even though multilayer systems have smaller energy gaps and higher frequency phonons that should accelerate the recombination. Focusing on (BA)2(MA) n-1Pb nI3 n+1 with n = 1 and 3, BA = CH3(CH2)3NH3, and MA = CH3NH3, we show that it is the enhancement of elastic electron-phonon scattering that suppresses charge recombination for n = 3, by causing rapid loss of electronic coherence. The scattering is enhanced in the multilayer 2D perovskites because, in contrast to the monolayer, they contain MA cations embedded into the inorganic Pb-I lattice. Although MAs do not contribute directly to electron and hole wave functions, they perturb the Pb-I lattice and create strong electric fields that interact with the charges. The rapid loss of coherence explains long excited state lifetimes that extend into nanoseconds. Both electron-hole recombination and coherence times show excellent agreement with the corresponding lifetime and line width measurements. The simulations rationalize the observed dependence of excited state lifetime in 2D layered halide perovskites on layer thickness and advance our understanding of the atomistic mechanisms underlying charge-phonon dynamics in nanoscale materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Marina V Tokina
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
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28
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Liu L, Fang WH, Long R, Prezhdo OV. Lewis Base Passivation of Hybrid Halide Perovskites Slows Electron-Hole Recombination: Time-Domain Ab Initio Analysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1164-1171. [PMID: 29461842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonradiative electron-hole recombination plays a key role in determining photon conversion efficiencies in solar cells. Experiments demonstrate significant reduction in the recombination rate upon passivation of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite with Lewis base molecules. Using nonadiabatic molecular dynamics combined with time-domain density functional theory, we find that the nonradiative charge recombination is decelerated by an order of magnitude upon adsorption of the molecules. Thiophene acts by the traditional passivation mechanism, forcing electron density away from the surface. In contrast, pyridine localizes the electron at the surface while leaving it energetically near the conduction band edge. This is because pyridine creates a stronger coordinative bond with a lead atom of the perovskite and has a lower energy unoccupied orbital compared with thiophene due to the more electronegative nitrogen atom relative to thiophene's sulfur. Both molecules reduce two-fold the nonadiabatic coupling and electronic coherence time. A broad range of vibrational modes couple to the electronic subsystem, arising from inorganic and organic components. The simulations reveal the atomistic mechanisms underlying the enhancement of the excited-state lifetime achieved by the perovskite passivation, rationalize the experimental results, and advance our understanding of charge-phonon dynamics in perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Run Long
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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29
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Diroll BT, Guo P, Schaller RD. Unique Optical Properties of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Nanocrystals Below the Bulk Tetragonal-Orthorhombic Phase Transition. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:846-852. [PMID: 29304286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Methylammonium (MA) and formamidinium (FA) lead halides are widely studied for their potential as low-cost, high-performance optoelectronic materials. Here, we present measurements of visible and IR absorption, steady state, and time-resolved photoluminescence from 300 K to cryogenic temperatures. Whereas FAPbI3 nanocrystals (NCs) are found to behave in a very similar manner to reported bulk behavior, colloidal nanocrystals of MAPbI3 show a departure from the low-temperature optical behavior of the bulk material. Using photoluminescence, visible, and infrared absorption measurements, we demonstrate that unlike single crystals and polycrystalline films NCs of MAPbI3 do not undergo optical changes associated with the bulk tetragonal-to-orthorhombic phase transition, which occurs near 160 K. We find no evidence of frozen organic cation rotation to as low as 80 K or altered exciton binding energy to as low as 3 K in MAPbI3 NCs. Similar results are obtained in MAPbI3 NCs ranging from 20 to over 100 nm and in morphologies including cubes and plates. Colloidal MAPbI3 NCs therefore offer a window into the properties of the solar-relevant, room-temperature phase of MAPbI3 at temperatures inaccessible with single crystals or polycrystalline samples. Exploiting this phenomenon, these measurements reveal the existence of an optically passive photoexcited state close to the band edge and persistent slow Auger recombination at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Peijun Guo
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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30
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Nijamudheen A, Akimov AV. Criticality of Symmetry in Rational Design of Chalcogenide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:248-257. [PMID: 29275636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chalcogenide perovskites constitute an emerging class of promising photovoltaic materials that are stable and less toxic than popular lead-halide perovskites. Transition-metal and chalcogenide doping are the possible strategies for improving the photovoltaic properties of these materials via the band gap engineering. At the same time, doping can facilitate nonradiative charge-carrier recombination in these materials, adversely affecting their photovoltaic properties. We report a systematic study of electronic structure and nonadiabatic dynamics in transition-metal- and chalcogenide-doped barium-zirconium-sulfide-based perovskites. The potential of these doping strategies to modulate the performance of photovoltaic materials is explored. Through the detailed analysis of the factors affecting the dynamics, we illustrate how symmetry (both structural and orbital) and decoherence can be critical to furnishing the most favorable properties. The noted factors of symmetry and decoherence may provide new rational design principles for efficient photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nijamudheen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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Zhang Z, Long R, Tokina MV, Prezhdo OV. Interplay between Localized and Free Charge Carriers Can Explain Hot Fluorescence in the CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskite: Time-Domain Ab Initio Analysis. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17327-17333. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Marina V. Tokina
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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Aphrham S, Pan Q, Zaccarine SF, Felter KM, Thieme J, van den Nieuwenhuijzen KJH, Ten Elshof JE, Huijser A. Effect of Water Addition during Preparation on the Early-Time Photodynamics of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskite Layers. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:3320-3324. [PMID: 29024345 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The effect of water addition during preparation of a CH3 NH3 PbI3 layer on the photodynamics is studied by femtosecond transient absorption. Both the regular perovskite and the aqueous analogue show charge thermalisation on a timescale of about 500 fs. This process is, however, less pronounced in the latter layer. The spectral feature associated with hot charges does not fully decay on this timescale, but also shows a long-lived (sub-ns) component. As water molecules may interfere with the hydrogen bonding between the CH3 NH3+ cations and the inorganic cage, this effect is possibly caused by immobilisation of cation motion, suggesting a key role of CH3 NH3+ dipole reorientation in charge thermalisation. This effect shows the possibility of controlling hot charge carrier cooling to overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aphrham
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Q Pan
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S F Zaccarine
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - K M Felter
- Chemical Engineering department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, 2600, GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J Thieme
- Chemical Engineering department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, 2600, GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - J E Ten Elshof
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - A Huijser
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Akimov AV. Stochastic and Quasi-Stochastic Hamiltonians for Long-Time Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5190-5195. [PMID: 28985075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the condensed-matter environments, the vibronic Hamiltonian that describes nonadiabatic dynamics often appears as an erratic entity, and one may assume it can be generated stochastically. This property is utilized to formulate novel stochastic and quasi-stochastic vibronic Hamiltonian methodologies, which open a new route to long-time excited state dynamics in atomistic solid-state systems at negligible computational cost. Using a model mimicking a typical solid-state material in noisy environment, general conclusions regarding the simulation of nonadiabatic dynamics are obtained: (1) including bath is critical to complete excited state relaxation; (2) a totally stochastic modulation of energies and couplings has a net effect of no bath and inhibits relaxation; (3) including a single or several dominant electron-phonon modes may be insufficient to complete the excited state relaxation; (4) only the multiple modes, even those that have negligible weights, can represent both the deterministic modulation of system's Hamiltonian and stochastic effects of bath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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