1
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Zhao J, Zhang Q, Sui L, Niu G, Zhang Y, Wu G, Yu S, Yuan K, Yang X. Evidence of Surface-Mediated Carrier-Phonon Scattering in MXene. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 38009540 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In a two-dimensional (2D) metallic nanostructure, when a sample's thickness is shorter than a carrier mean free path, the ultrathin thickness may influence carrier and energy transport, owing to surface scattering. However, to date, for metallic 2D transition-metal carbides (MXenes), experiments and calculations related to surface scattering have not been performed. The contribution of ultrathin structures to carrier surface scattering in MXene is yet to be explored. Herein, to reveal this effect, we design various models, including metal/MXene, dielectric/MXene, and bulk structure, and analyze their carrier dynamics via ultrafast spectroscopy. The results related to carrier dynamics indicate that the influence of the dielectric/MXene interface and the temperature is negligible. In contrast, the carrier dynamic lifetimes are prolonged owing to weakened surface scattering in metal/MXene, which is supported by ab initio calculations. These results suggest that the carrier-phonon scattering is dominated by surface scattering. These findings can help guide effective energy transport and enhance energy conversion and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou 311231, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Laizhi Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guangming Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shengrui Yu
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou 311231, China
| | - Kaijun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Light Source Research, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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2
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Ravali V, Ghosh T. Charge carrier dynamics and transient spectral evolutions in lead halide perovskites. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13939-13950. [PMID: 37934456 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04297a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have emerged as promising materials for solar cell applications due to their unique photophysical properties. Most of the crucial properties related to solar cell performance such as carrier mobility, diffusion length, recombination rates, etc. have been estimated using ultrafast spectroscopic methods. While various methods have been developed to prepare and fabricate high-quality perovskite films for photovoltaic applications, understanding the charge carrier dynamics is also crucial at each stage of the charge generation, cooling, and recombination processes. Using femtosecond (fs) transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy, various stages of charge carrier dynamics in perovskite materials could be monitored. In this article, we focus on some of the recent experimental developments related to charge carrier dynamics in perovskites and discuss the current understanding of (1) exciton dissociation, (2) charge carrier thermalization, (3) hot carrier cooling, and (4) electron-phonon coupling along with some of the crucial spectral emergence in the pump-probe experiments of LHP materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanga Ravali
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, 522237, India.
| | - Tufan Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, 522237, India.
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3
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Deckert T, Vanderhaegen A, Brida D. Sub-8-fs pulses in the visible to near-infrared by a degenerate optical parametric amplifier. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4496-4499. [PMID: 37656537 DOI: 10.1364/ol.498291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a single-stage optical parametric amplifier (OPA) operating at degeneracy (DOPA) and pumped by the third harmonic of a Yb:KGW laser system. This DOPA exploits the broad amplification bandwidth that occurs with type-I phase-matching in β-barium borate (BBO) when signal and idler overlap in the spectrum. The output pulses span from 590 to 780 nm (1.59-2.10 eV) with 7.75-fs duration after compression. Ultrashort pulses with similar bandwidths in this spectral window complement the existing array of optical parametric amplifiers that cover either the visible or the near-IR spectral regions with sub-10-fs pulses. This source of ultrashort optical pulses will enable the application of sophisticated spectroscopy techniques to the study of electronic coherences and energy migration pathways in biological, chemical, and condensed matter systems.
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4
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Fu J, Ramesh S, Melvin Lim JW, Sum TC. Carriers, Quasi-particles, and Collective Excitations in Halide Perovskites. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37276018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites (HPs) are potential game-changing materials for a broad spectrum of optoelectronic applications ranging from photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, lasers to radiation detectors, ferroelectrics, thermoelectrics, etc. Underpinning this spectacular expansion is their fascinating photophysics involving a complex interplay of carrier, lattice, and quasi-particle interactions spanning several temporal orders that give rise to their remarkable optical and electronic properties. Herein, we critically examine and distill their dynamical behavior, collective interactions, and underlying mechanisms in conjunction with the experimental approaches. This review aims to provide a unified photophysical picture fundamental to understanding the outstanding light-harvesting and light-emitting properties of HPs. The hotbed of carrier and quasi-particle interactions uncovered in HPs underscores the critical role of ultrafast spectroscopy and fundamental photophysics studies in advancing perovskite optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Fu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Sankaran Ramesh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Melvin Lim
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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5
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Carwithen BP, Hopper TR, Ge Z, Mondal N, Wang T, Mazlumian R, Zheng X, Krieg F, Montanarella F, Nedelcu G, Kroll M, Siguan MA, Frost JM, Leo K, Vaynzof Y, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV, Bakulin AA. Confinement and Exciton Binding Energy Effects on Hot Carrier Cooling in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanomaterials. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6638-6648. [PMID: 36939330 PMCID: PMC10100565 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The relaxation of the above-gap ("hot") carriers in lead halide perovskites (LHPs) is important for applications in photovoltaics and offers insights into carrier-carrier and carrier-phonon interactions. However, the role of quantum confinement in the hot carrier dynamics of nanosystems is still disputed. Here, we devise a single approach, ultrafast pump-push-probe spectroscopy, to study carrier cooling in six different size-controlled LHP nanomaterials. In cuboidal nanocrystals, we observe only a weak size effect on the cooling dynamics. In contrast, two-dimensional systems show suppression of the hot phonon bottleneck effect common in bulk perovskites. The proposed kinetic model describes the intrinsic and density-dependent cooling times accurately in all studied perovskite systems using only carrier-carrier, carrier-phonon, and excitonic coupling constants. This highlights the impact of exciton formation on carrier cooling and promotes dimensional confinement as a tool for engineering carrier-phonon and carrier-carrier interactions in LHP optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben P. Carwithen
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Thomas R. Hopper
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ziyuan Ge
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Navendu Mondal
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Tong Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Rozana Mazlumian
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Xijia Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Franziska Krieg
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Federico Montanarella
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Georgian Nedelcu
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Kroll
- Center
for
Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische
Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Integrated
Center for Applied Photophysics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Miguel Albaladejo Siguan
- Chair
for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische
Universität Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jarvist M. Frost
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Karl Leo
- Integrated
Center for Applied Photophysics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Chair
for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische
Universität Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Artem A. Bakulin
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
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6
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Seiler H, Zahn D, Taylor VCA, Bodnarchuk MI, Windsor YW, Kovalenko MV, Ernstorfer R. Direct Observation of Ultrafast Lattice Distortions during Exciton-Polaron Formation in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2023; 17:1979-1988. [PMID: 36651873 PMCID: PMC9933605 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The microscopic origin of slow hot-carrier cooling in lead halide perovskites remains debated and has direct implications for applications. Slow hot-carrier cooling of several picoseconds has been attributed to either polaron formation or a hot-phonon bottleneck effect at high excited carrier densities (>1018 cm-3). These effects cannot be unambiguously disentangled with optical experiments alone. However, they can be distinguished by direct observations of ultrafast lattice dynamics, as these effects are expected to create qualitatively distinct fingerprints. To this end, we employ femtosecond electron diffraction and directly measure the sub-picosecond lattice dynamics of weakly confined CsPbBr3 nanocrystals following above-gap photoexcitation. While we do not observe signatures of a hot-phonon bottleneck lasting several picoseconds, the data reveal a light-induced structural distortion appearing on a time scale varying between 380 and 1200 fs depending on the excitation fluence. We attribute these dynamics to the effect of exciton-polarons on the lattice and the slower dynamics at high fluences to slower sub-picosecond hot-carrier cooling, which slows down the establishment of the exciton-polaron population. Further analysis and simulations show that the distortion is consistent with motions of the [PbBr3]- octahedral ionic cage, and closest agreement with the data is obtained for Pb-Br bond lengthening. Our work demonstrates how direct studies of lattice dynamics on the sub-picosecond time scale can discriminate between competing scenarios proposed in the literature to explain the origin of slow hot-carrier cooling in lead halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Seiler
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Physics
Department, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Zahn
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria C. A. Taylor
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Yoav William Windsor
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische
Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Ernstorfer
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische
Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Colin-Ulloa E, Fitzgerald A, Montazeri K, Mann J, Natu V, Ngo K, Uzarski J, Barsoum MW, Titova LV. Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Plasmons and Free Carriers in 2D MXenes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208659. [PMID: 36369973 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
2D MXenes have diverse and chemically tunable optical properties that arise from an interplay between free carriers, interband transitions, and plasmon resonances. The nature of photoexcitations and their dynamics in three different members of the MXene family, Ti3 C2 , Mo2 Ti2 C3 , and Nb2 C, are investigated using two complementary pump-probe techniques, transient optical absorption, and time-resolved terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. Measurements reveal pronounced plasmonic effects in the visible and near-IR in all three. Optical excitation, with either 400 or 800 nm pulses, results in a rapid increase in lattice temperature, evidenced by a pronounced broadening of the plasmon mode that presents as a plasmon bleach in transient absorption measurements. Observed kinetics of plasmon bleach recovery provide a means to monitor lattice cooling. Remarkably slow cooling, proceeding over hundreds of picoseconds to nanoseconds time scales, implies MXenes have low thermal conductivities. The slowest recovery kinetics are observed in the MXene with the highest free carrier density, viz. Ti3 C2 , that supports phonon scattering by free carriers as a possible mechanism limiting thermal conductivity. These new insights into photoexcitation dynamics can facilitate their applications in photothermal solar energy conversion, plasmonic devices, and even photothermal therapy and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Colin-Ulloa
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Andrew Fitzgerald
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Kiana Montazeri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Javery Mann
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Varun Natu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Ken Ngo
- US Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | | | - Michel W Barsoum
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lyubov V Titova
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
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8
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Abstract
Mechanistic studies on lead halide perovskites (LHPs) in recent years have suggested charge carrier screening as partially responsible for long carrier diffusion lengths and lifetimes that are key to superior optoelectronic properties. These findings have led to the ferroelectric large polaron proposal, which attributes efficient charge carrier screening to the extended ordering of dipoles from symmetry-breaking unit cells that undergo local structural distortion and break inversion symmetry. It remains an open question whether this proposal applies in general to semiconductors with LHP-like anharmonic and dynamically disordered phonons. Here, we study electron-phonon coupling in Bi2O2Se, a semiconductor which bears resemblance to LHPs in ionic bonding, spin-orbit coupling, band transport with long carrier diffusion lengths and lifetimes, and phonon disorder as revealed by temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy. Using coherent phonon spectroscopy, we show the strong coupling of an anharmonic phonon mode at 1.50 THz to photo-excited charge carriers, while the Raman excitation of this mode is symmetry-forbidden in the ground-state. Density functional theory calculations show that this mode, originating from the A1g phonon of out-of-plane Bi/Se motion, gains oscillator strength from symmetry-lowering in polaron formation. Specifically, lattice distortion upon ultrafast charge localization results in extended ordering of symmetry-breaking unit cells and a planar polaron wavefunction, namely a two-dimensional polaron in a three-dimensional lattice. This study provides experimental and theoretical insights into charge interaction with anharmonic phonons in Bi2O2Se and suggests ferroelectric polaron formation may be a general principle for efficient charge carrier screening and for defect-tolerant semiconductors.
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9
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Polar methylammonium organic cations detune state coupling and extend hot-carrier lifetime in lead halide perovskites. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Lai R, Yang Z, Zhi C, Cao X, Li Z, Di D, Yang Y. Transient Suppression of Carrier Mobility Due to Hot Optical Phonons in Lead Bromide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5488-5494. [PMID: 35687791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In lead halide perovskites, owing to the strong Fröhlich coupling, carrier dynamics that governs the optoelectronic performance is greatly affected by the lattice vibrations. In this emerging class of materials, injected hot carriers quickly relax by emitting optical phonons, and if this process is sufficiently fast, hot optical phonons can be generated, which may in turn hamper the carrier transport. However, the transient interaction between hot phonons and carriers has not yet been investigated. Herein, we identified the transient absorption feature of hot phonons in lead bromide perovskites and then extracted the hot-phonon dynamics. The hot-phonon decay mechanism was uncovered by temperature-dependent measurements. The hot-phonon decay in lead bromide perovskites was an order of magnitude faster than that in GaAs, attributed to the large anharmonicity arising from the lattice softness and structural fluctuation. The carrier mobility was also transiently suppressed by hot phonons, and the mobility recovery was accompanied by the decay of hot phonons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runchen Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhangqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chongyang Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xuhui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Dawei Di
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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11
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Yu S, Geng Y, Liang D, Li H, Liu X. Double-quantum-zero-quantum 2D coherent spectroscopy reveals quantum coherence between collective states in an atomic vapor. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:997-1000. [PMID: 35167578 DOI: 10.1364/ol.449365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel, to the best of our knowledge, double-quantum-zero-quantum two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy (2DCS) that allows direct detection of the quantum coherence between multiparticle collective states. Through correlating the double-quantum coherence and the zero-quantum coherence, signatures for coherence between collective states can be well isolated as side peaks and readily identified in the 2D spectrum. The experiment is implemented in a vapor of rubidium atoms in a collinear 2DCS setup. Good agreement with a theoretical simulation using density matrix confirms the essential role of the interatomic correlation effect in generating the side peak signals. This 2D spectrum technique paves a new avenue for studying the coherent coupling of highly excited states and many-body properties.
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12
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Biswas S, Kim J, Zhang X, Scholes GD. Coherent Two-Dimensional and Broadband Electronic Spectroscopies. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4257-4321. [PMID: 35037757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, coherent broadband spectroscopy has been widely used to improve our understanding of ultrafast processes (e.g., photoinduced electron transfer, proton transfer, and proton-coupled electron transfer reactions) at femtosecond resolution. The advances in femtosecond laser technology along with the development of nonlinear multidimensional spectroscopy enabled further insights into ultrafast energy transfer and carrier relaxation processes in complex biological and material systems. New discoveries and interpretations have led to improved design principles for optimizing the photophysical properties of various artificial systems. In this review, we first provide a detailed theoretical framework of both coherent broadband and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES). We then discuss a selection of experimental approaches and considerations of 2DES along with best practices for data processing and analysis. Finally, we review several examples where coherent broadband and 2DES were employed to reveal mechanisms of photoinitiated ultrafast processes in molecular, biological, and material systems. We end the review with a brief perspective on the future of the experimental techniques themselves and their potential to answer an even greater range of scientific questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
| | - JunWoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
| | - Xinzi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
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13
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Bieber AS, VanOrman ZA, Drozdick HK, Weiss R, Wieghold S, Nienhaus L. Mixed halide bulk perovskite triplet sensitizers: Interplay between band alignment, mid-gap traps, and phonons. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:234706. [PMID: 34937353 DOI: 10.1063/5.0077439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Photon upconversion, particularly via triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA), could prove beneficial in expanding the efficiencies and overall impacts of optoelectronic devices across a multitude of technologies. The recent development of bulk metal halide perovskites as triplet sensitizers is one potential step toward the industrialization of upconversion-enabled devices. Here, we investigate the impact of varying additions of bromide into a lead iodide perovskite thin film on the TTA upconversion process in the annihilator molecule rubrene. We find an interplay between the bromide content and the overall device efficiency. In particular, a higher bromide content results in higher internal upconversion efficiencies enabled by more efficient charge extraction at the interface likely due to a more favorable band alignment. However, the external upconversion efficiency decreases as the absorption cross section in the near infrared is reduced. The highest upconversion performance is found in our study for a bromide content of 5%. This result can be traced back to a high absorption cross section in the near infrared and higher photoluminescence quantum yield in comparison to the iodide-only perovskite and an increased driving force for charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Bieber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Zachary A VanOrman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Hayley K Drozdick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Rachel Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Sarah Wieghold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Lea Nienhaus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
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14
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Buizza LRV, Herz LM. Polarons and Charge Localization in Metal-Halide Semiconductors for Photovoltaic and Light-Emitting Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007057. [PMID: 33955594 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-halide semiconductors have shown excellent performance in optoelectronic applications such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and detectors. In this review the role of charge-lattice interactions and polaron formation in a wide range of these promising materials, including perovskites, double perovskites, Ruddlesden-Popper layered perovskites, nanocrystals, vacancy-ordered, and other novel structures, is summarized. The formation of Fröhlich-type "large" polarons in archetypal bulk metal-halide ABX3 perovskites and its dependence on A-cation, B-metal, and X-halide composition, which is now relatively well understood, are discussed. It is found that, for nanostructured and novel metal-halide materials, a larger variation in the strengths of polaronic effects is reported across the literature, potentially deriving from variations in potential barriers and the presence of interfaces at which lattice relaxation may be enhanced. Such findings are further discussed in the context of different experimental approaches used to explore polaronic effects, cautioning that firm conclusions are often hampered by the presence of alternate processes and interactions giving rise to similar experimental signatures. Overall, a complete understanding of polaronic effects will prove essential given their direct influence on optoelectronic properties such as charge-carrier mobilities and emission spectra, which are critical to the performance of energy and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo R V Buizza
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Laura M Herz
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Lichtenbergstraße 2 a, Garching bei München, 85748, Germany
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15
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Muscarella L, Hutter EM, Frost JM, Grimaldi GG, Versluis J, Bakker HJ, Ehrler B. Accelerated Hot-Carrier Cooling in MAPbI 3 Perovskite by Pressure-Induced Lattice Compression. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4118-4124. [PMID: 33891428 PMCID: PMC8154846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hot-carrier cooling (HCC) in metal halide perovskites above the Mott transition is significantly slower than in conventional semiconductors. This effect is commonly attributed to a hot-phonon bottleneck, but the influence of the lattice properties on the HCC behavior is poorly understood. Using pressure-dependent transient absorption spectroscopy, we find that at an excitation density below the Mott transition, pressure does not affect the HCC. On the contrary, above the Mott transition, HCC in methylammonium lead iodide is around 2-3 times faster at 0.3 GPa than at ambient pressure. Our electron-phonon coupling calculations reveal ∼2-fold stronger electron-phonon coupling for the inorganic cage mode at 0.3 GPa. However, our experiments reveal that pressure promotes faster HCC only above the Mott transition. Altogether, these findings suggest a change in the nature of excited carriers above the Mott transition threshold, providing insights into the electronic behavior of devices operating at such high charge-carrier densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreta
A. Muscarella
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline M. Hutter
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jarvist M. Frost
- Department
of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluca G. Grimaldi
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Versluis
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huib J. Bakker
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Ehrler
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Wang F, Fu Y, Ziffer ME, Dai Y, Maehrlein SF, Zhu XY. Solvated Electrons in Solids-Ferroelectric Large Polarons in Lead Halide Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5-16. [PMID: 33320656 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Solvation plays a pivotal role in chemistry and biology. A solid-state analogy of solvation is polaron formation, but the magnitude of Coulomb screening is typically an order of magnitude weaker than that of solvation in aqueous solutions. Here, we describe a new class of polarons, the ferroelectric large polaron, proposed initially by Miyata and Zhu in 2018 (Miyata, K.; Zhu, X.-Y. Ferroelectric Large Polarons. Nat. Mater. 2018, 17 (5), 379-381). This type of polaron allows efficient Coulomb screening of an electron or hole by extended ordering of dipoles from symmetry-broken unit cells. The local ordering is reflected in the ferroelectric-like THz dielectric responses of lead halide perovskites (LHPs) and may be partially responsible for their exceptional optoelectronic performances. Despite the likely absence of long-range ferroelectricity in LHPs, a charge carrier may be localized to and/or induce the formation of nanoscale domain boundaries of locally ordered dipoles. Based on the known planar nature of energetically favorable domain boundaries in ferroelectric materials, we propose that a ferroelectric polaron localizes to planar boundaries of transient polar nanodomains. This proposal is supported by dynamic simulations showing sheet-like transient electron or hole wave functions in LHPs. Thus, the Belgian-waffle-shaped ferroelectric polaron in the three-dimensional LHP crystal structure is a large polaron in two dimensions and a small polaron in the perpendicular direction. The ferroelectric large polaron may form in other crystalline solids characterized by dynamic symmetry breaking and polar fluctuations. We suggest that the ability to form ferroelectric large polarons can be a general principle for the efficient screening of charge carriers from scattering with other charge carriers, with charged defects and with longitudinal optical phonons, thus contributing to enhanced optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yongping Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Mark E Ziffer
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yanan Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sebastian F Maehrlein
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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17
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Tran NL, Elkins MH, McMeekin DP, Snaith HJ, Scholes GD. Observation of Charge Generation via Photoinduced Stark Effect in Mixed-Cation Lead Bromide Perovskite Thin Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10081-10087. [PMID: 33179935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Extensive transient absorption studies on hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites have elucidated many optical properties important for their device performance. Despite the enormous progress, the derivative shaped photoinduced absorption feature in transient spectra that is above the bandgap has many explanations, including the photoinduced Stark effect, where the bandgap is blue shifted due to a local electric field generated by charges. In this work, we employ broad band transient absorption and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) to examine the early transient events after photoexcitation of [CH(NH2)2]0.83Cs0.17PbBr3 (FA0.83Cs0.17PbBr3). 2DES resolves a photomodulation feature at the excitation energy of the exciton, suggesting the presence of a dipole field created by a polaron pair shifting the exciton transition to higher energies. As this polaron pair dissociates over 200 fs, the exciton transition shifts to higher energies over the same time scale, evidenced by the 2DES diagonal energy spectra. Given that the observations are well explained in terms of the Stark effect, our work provides extra grounds to support the Stark effect assignment of the above-gap photoinduced absorption. Furthermore, our study reports on the time scale of charge generation, contributing to the fundamental understanding of mixed-cation lead bromide perovskite photophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu L Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Madeline H Elkins
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David P McMeekin
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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18
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Munoz MF, Medina A, Autry TM, Moody G, Siemens ME, Bristow AD, Cundiff ST, Li H. Fast phase cycling in non-collinear optical two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5852-5855. [PMID: 33057301 DOI: 10.1364/ol.405196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As optical two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy (2DCS) is extended to a broader range of applications, it is critical to improve the detection sensitivity of optical 2DCS. We developed a fast phase-cycling scheme in a non-collinear optical 2DCS implementation by using liquid crystal phase retarders to modulate the phases of two excitation pulses. The background in the signal can be eliminated by combining either two or four interferograms measured with a proper phase configuration. The effectiveness of this method was validated in optical 2DCS measurements of an atomic vapor. This fast phase-cycling scheme will enable optical 2DCS in novel emerging applications that require enhanced detection sensitivity.
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19
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Wang T, Jin L, Hidalgo J, Chu W, Snaider JM, Deng S, Zhu T, Lai B, Prezhdo O, Correa-Baena JP, Huang L. Protecting hot carriers by tuning hybrid perovskite structures with alkali cations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/43/eabb1336. [PMID: 33097534 PMCID: PMC7608821 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Successful implementation of hot carrier solar cells requires preserving high carrier temperature as carriers migrate through the active layer. Here, we demonstrated that addition of alkali cations in hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites led to substantially elevated carrier temperature, reduced threshold for phonon bottleneck, and enhanced hot carrier transport. The synergetic effects from the Rb, Cs, and K cations result in ~900 K increase in the effective carrier temperature at a carrier density around 1018 cm-3 with an excitation 1.45 eV above the bandgap. In the doped thin films, the protected hot carriers migrate 100 s of nanometers longer than the undoped sample as imaged by ultrafast microscopy. We attributed these improvements to the relaxation of lattice strain and passivation of halide vacancies by alkali cations based on x-ray structural characterizations and first principles calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Linrui Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Juanita Hidalgo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Weibin Chu
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Jordan M Snaider
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shibin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave., Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Oleg Prezhdo
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Juan-Pablo Correa-Baena
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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20
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Charge Carrier Relaxation in Colloidal FAPbI 3 Nanostructures Using Global Analysis. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10101897. [PMID: 32977504 PMCID: PMC7598295 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We study the hot charge carrier relaxation process in weakly confined hybrid lead iodide perovskite colloidal nanostructures, FAPbI3 (FA = formaminidium), using femtosecond transient absorption (TA). We compare the conventional analysis method based on the extraction of the carrier temperature (Tc) by fitting the high-energy tail of the band-edge bleach with a global analysis method modeling the continuous evolution of the spectral lineshape in time using a simple sequential kinetic model. This practical approach results in a more accurate way to determine the charge carrier relaxation dynamics. At high excitation fluence (density of charge carriers above 1018 cm−3), the cooling time increases up to almost 1 ps in thick nanoplates (NPs) and cubic nanocrystals (NCs), indicating the hot phonon bottleneck effect. Furthermore, Auger heating resulting from the multi-charge carrier recombination process slows down the relaxation even further to tens and hundreds of picoseconds. These two processes could only be well disentangled by analyzing simultaneously the spectral lineshape and amplitude evolution.
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21
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Duan HG, Tiwari V, Jha A, Berdiyorov GR, Akimov A, Vendrell O, Nayak PK, Snaith HJ, Thorwart M, Li Z, Madjet ME, Miller RJD. Photoinduced Vibrations Drive Ultrafast Structural Distortion in Lead Halide Perovskite. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16569-16578. [PMID: 32869985 PMCID: PMC7586332 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The success of organic–inorganic
perovskites in optoelectronics
is dictated by the complex interplay between various underlying microscopic
phenomena. The structural dynamics of organic cations and the inorganic
sublattice after photoexcitation are hypothesized to have a direct
effect on the material properties, thereby affecting the overall device
performance. Here, we use ultrafast heterodyne-detected two-dimensional
(2D) electronic spectroscopy to reveal impulsively excited vibrational
modes of methylammonium (MA) lead iodide perovskite, which drive the
structural distortion after photoexcitation. Vibrational analysis
of the measured data allows us to monitor the time-evolved librational
motion of the MA cation along with the vibrational coherences of the
inorganic sublattice. Wavelet analysis of the observed vibrational
coherences reveals the coherent generation of the librational motion
of the MA cation within ∼300 fs complemented with the coherent
evolution of the inorganic skeletal motion. To rationalize this observation,
we employed the configuration interaction singles (CIS), which support
our experimental observations of the coherent generation of librational
motions in the MA cation and highlight the importance of the anharmonic
interaction between the MA cation and the inorganic sublattice. Moreover,
our advanced theoretical calculations predict the transfer of the
photoinduced vibrational coherence from the MA cation to the inorganic
sublattice, leading to reorganization of the lattice to form a polaronic
state with a long lifetime. Our study uncovers the interplay of the
organic cation and inorganic sublattice during formation of the polaron,
which may lead to novel design principles for the next generation
of perovskite solar cell materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Guang Duan
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany.,I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, Hamburg 20355, Germany.,The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Vandana Tiwari
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Ajay Jha
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Golibjon R Berdiyorov
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alexey Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo New York 14260, United States
| | - Oriol Vendrell
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Pabitra K Nayak
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.,TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Thorwart
- I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, Hamburg 20355, Germany.,The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Zheng Li
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany.,State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mohamed E Madjet
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - R J Dwayne Miller
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany.,The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany.,The Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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22
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Jiang X, Jun S, Hoffman J, Kanatzidis MG, Harel E. Global Analysis for Time and Spectrally Resolved Multidimensional Microscopy: Application to CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Perovskite Thin Films. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4837-4847. [PMID: 32421331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of improved photoactive materials, such as those proposed for next-generation solar cells, low-power lighting, and lasing applications, requires a deep understanding of their correlated spatial, spectral, and temporal properties. In principle, correlated time-resolved microscopy techniques are capable of capturing such information. However, the large data sets that encapsulate temporal, spectral, and spatial information create the prodigious challenge of analyzing gigabytes of correlated data, which typically takes enormous computational resources. These challenges motivate the development of robust and efficient data analysis tools to realize fast spatial and spectral decomposition and to gain physical insights that arise from statistical analysis. Herein, we propose a reliable and fast global analysis method based on variable projection and subsampling methods, which exhibits exceptionally high sensitivity to buried spatial and spectral information in large and multidimensional microscopy data sets as compared to traditional methods. The reliability and robustness of this new method is tested on transient absorption and impulsive vibrational microscopy data sets acquired on polycrystalline CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sunhong Jun
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Justin Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Elad Harel
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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23
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Liu X, Fu J, Chen G. First-principles calculations of electronic structure and optical and elastic properties of the novel ABX 3-type LaWN 3 perovskite structure. RSC Adv 2020; 10:17317-17326. [PMID: 35521474 PMCID: PMC9053388 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10735e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of ABX3-type advanced perovskite materials has become a focus for both scientific researchers and the material genome initiative (MGI). In addition to the traditional perovskite ABO3 and halide perovskite ABX3, LaWN3 is discovered as a new ABX3-type advanced perovskite structure. The elastic and optical properties of this novel LaWN3 structure are systematically studied via DFT. Based on the calculated elastic constants, the bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus and Pugh modulus ratio are precisely obtained. Results show that (1) LaWN3 is an indirect bandgap semiconductor with a hybrid occuring near the Fermi level and the main contributions are La-d, W-d and N-p. (2) LaWN3 has a certain ductility. The optical constants, such as absorption spectrum, energy-loss spectrum, conductivity, dielectric function, reflectivity and refractive index, are analyzed and the static dielectric constant is 10.98 and the refractivity index is 3.31. (3) The optical constants of LaWN3 are higher than those of other existing ABX3-type materials, showing very promising application as a functional perovskite in the future. The existence of this stable LaWN3 structure might widen the perovskite material's application, such as in photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, perovskite solar cells, fuel cells and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Material Processing Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 China
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 PR China
| | - Jia Fu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Material Processing Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Guangming Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
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24
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Camargo FVA, Nagahara T, Feldmann S, Richter JM, Friend RH, Cerullo G, Deschler F. Dark Subgap States in Metal-Halide Perovskites Revealed by Coherent Multidimensional Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:777-782. [PMID: 31851510 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskites show excellent properties for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications, with power conversion efficiencies of solar cell and LEDs exceeding 20%. Being solution processed, these polycrystalline materials likely contain a large density of defects compared to melt-grown semiconductors. Surprisingly, typical effects from defects (absorption below the bandgap, low fill factor and open circuit voltage in devices, strong nonradiative recombination) are not observed. In this work, we study thin films of metal-halide perovskites CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Br, I) with ultrafast multidimensional optical spectroscopy to resolve the dynamics of band and defect states. We observe a shared ground state between the band-edge transitions and a continuum of sub-bandgap states, which extends at least 350 meV below the band edge). We explain the comparatively large bleaching of the dark sub-bandgap states with oscillator strength borrowing from the band-edge transition. Our results show that upon valence to conduction band excitation, such subgap states are instantaneously bleached for large parts of the carrier lifetime and conversely that most dark sub-bandgap states can be populated by light excitation. This observation helps to unravel the photophysical origin of the unexpected optoelectronic properties of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco V A Camargo
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica , Politecnico di Milano , Piazza L. da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Tetsuhiko Nagahara
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica , Politecnico di Milano , Piazza L. da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milano , Italy.,Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology , Kyoto Institute of Technology , 606-8585 Kyoto , Japan
| | - Sascha Feldmann
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Johannes M Richter
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Richard H Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica , Politecnico di Milano , Piazza L. da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Felix Deschler
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom.,Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department , Technische Universität München , 85748 Garching , Germany
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25
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Lan Y, Tao X, Kong X, He Y, Zheng X, Sutton M, Kanatzidis MG, Guo H, Cooke DG. Coherent charge-phonon correlations and exciton dynamics in orthorhombic CH3NH3PbI3 measured by ultrafast multi-THz spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:214201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5127992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lan
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Xixi Tao
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xianghua Kong
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Yihui He
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mark Sutton
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | | | - Hong Guo
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - David G. Cooke
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
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26
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Joshi PP, Maehrlein SF, Zhu X. Dynamic Screening and Slow Cooling of Hot Carriers in Lead Halide Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803054. [PMID: 30672044 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Among the exceptional properties of lead halide perovskites (LHPs) is the ultraslow cooling of hot carriers. Carrier densities below the Mott density for large polarons (≤ ≈1018 cm-3 ) are focused on here. As in other semiconductors, a nascent hot electron distribution initially cools down via emission of longitudinal optical (LO) phonons on the 10-14 -10-13 s timescale. What distinguishes LHPs from conventional semiconductors is the exceptionally efficient screening in the former. The dielectric screening in LHPs on the 10-13 s timescale results in an order-of-magnitude reduction in the Coulomb potential upon the formation of a large polaron, likely with ferroelectric-like local ordering. Further LO-phonon emission is inhibited, and this leads to partial retention of hot electron energy on the 10-12 s timescale, more so in hybrid LHPs than in their all-inorganic counterparts. Further cooling of hot polarons occurs on the 10-10 s timescale, and this can be attributed to the slow diffusion of heat out of the large polaron volume due to the low thermal conductivity of LHPs. Like other carrier properties, slow hot carrier cooling in LHPs can be intimately related to efficient screening in a soft, anharmonic, and dynamically disordered lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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27
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Nguyen XT, Timmer D, Rakita Y, Cahen D, Steinhoff A, Jahnke F, Lienau C, De Sio A. Ultrafast Charge Carrier Relaxation in Inorganic Halide Perovskite Single Crystals Probed by Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5414-5421. [PMID: 31449755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are promising optoelectronic materials. Despite impressive device performance, especially in photovoltaics, the femtosecond dynamics of elementary optical excitations and their interactions are still debated. Here we combine ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) and semiconductor Bloch equations (SBEs) to probe the room-temperature dynamics of nonequilibrium excitations in CsPbBr3 crystals. Experimentally, we distinguish between excitonic and free-carrier transitions, extracting a ∼30 meV exciton binding energy, in agreement with our SBE calculations and with recent experimental studies. The 2DES dynamics indicate remarkably short, <30 fs carrier relaxation at a ∼3 meV/fs rate, much faster than previously anticipated for this material, but similar to that in direct band gap semiconductors such as GaAs. Dynamic screening of excitons by free carriers also develops on a similarly fast <30 fs time scale, emphasizing the role of carrier-carrier interactions for this material's optical properties. Our results suggest that strong electron-phonon couplings lead to ultrafast relaxation of charge carriers, which, in turn may limit halide perovskites' carrier mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Trung Nguyen
- Institut für Physik , Carl von Ossietzky Universität , 26129 Oldenburg , Germany
| | - Daniel Timmer
- Institut für Physik , Carl von Ossietzky Universität , 26129 Oldenburg , Germany
| | - Yevgeny Rakita
- Department of Materials & Interfaces , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100 , Israel
| | - David Cahen
- Department of Materials & Interfaces , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100 , Israel
| | - Alexander Steinhoff
- Institut für Theoretische Physik , Universität Bremen , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Frank Jahnke
- Institut für Theoretische Physik , Universität Bremen , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Christoph Lienau
- Institut für Physik , Carl von Ossietzky Universität , 26129 Oldenburg , Germany
| | - Antonietta De Sio
- Institut für Physik , Carl von Ossietzky Universität , 26129 Oldenburg , Germany
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28
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deQuilettes DW, Frohna K, Emin D, Kirchartz T, Bulovic V, Ginger DS, Stranks SD. Charge-Carrier Recombination in Halide Perovskites. Chem Rev 2019; 119:11007-11019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dane W. deQuilettes
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - David Emin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, 1919 Lomas Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Thomas Kirchartz
- IEK5-Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Strasse 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Bulovic
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David S. Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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29
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Titze M, Fei C, Munoz M, Wang X, Wang H, Li H. Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics of Dual Emissions from the Orthorhombic Phase in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskites Revealed by Two-Dimensional Coherent Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4625-4631. [PMID: 31283883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental understanding of photoexcitation landscape and dynamics in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites is essential for improving their performance in solar cells and other applications. The dual emission features from the orthorhombic phase in perovskites have been the focus of numerous recent studies, and yet their underlying molecular origin remains elusive. We use optical two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy to study the carrier dynamics and coupling of the dual emissions in a methylammonium lead iodide film at 115 K. The two-dimensional spectra reveal an ultrafast redistribution of the photoexcited carriers into the two emission resonances within 250 fs. The high-energy resonance is a short-lived transient state, and the low-energy emission state interacts with coherent phonons. The observed carrier dynamics provide important experimental evidence that can be compared with potential theoretical models and contribute to the understanding of the dual emissions as well as the overall energy level structure in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Titze
- Department of Physics , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87185 , United States
| | - Chengbin Fei
- Department of Physics , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , United States
| | - Maria Munoz
- Department of Physics , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Physics , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - He Wang
- Department of Physics , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , United States
| | - Hebin Li
- Department of Physics , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
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30
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Zhu R, Yue S, Li H, Leng X, Wang Z, Chen H, Weng Y. Correction of spectral distortion in two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy arising from the wedge-based delay line. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:15474-15484. [PMID: 31163743 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.015474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the probe wavelength, which is spectrally resolved by monochromator, the excitation wavelength in two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy is retrieved by means of Fourier transform of the interference signal introduced by the coherence delay time between the first and second excitation laser pulses. Hence, the calibration of delay lines would determine its accuracy. In this work, we showed that an inaccurate calibration factor of wedge-based delay line would result in a global peak shift and asymmetric spectral twists along the excitation axis. Both theoretical analysis and experiments have shown that such spectral distortions can be corrected by an accurately predetermined calibration factor. The relative accuracy of calibration factor reaches 3 × 10-5 in our setup. The dispersion effect of wedges also has been considered for the broadband excitation.
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31
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Lan Y, Dringoli BJ, Valverde-Chávez DA, Ponseca CS, Sutton M, He Y, Kanatzidis MG, Cooke DG. Ultrafast correlated charge and lattice motion in a hybrid metal halide perovskite. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw5558. [PMID: 31172030 PMCID: PMC6544455 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw5558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites have shown remarkable optoelectronic properties, exhibiting an impressive tolerance to defects believed to originate from correlated motion of charge carriers and the polar lattice forming large polarons. Few experimental techniques are capable of directly probing these correlations, requiring simultaneous sub-millielectron volt energy and femtosecond temporal resolution after absorption of a photon. Here, we use time-resolved multi-THz spectroscopy, sensitive to the internal excitations of the polaron, to temporally and energetically resolve the coherent coupling of charges to longitudinal optical phonons in single-crystal CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI). We observe room temperature intraband quantum beats arising from the coherent displacement of charge from the coupled phonon cloud. Our measurements provide strong evidence for the existence of polarons in MAPI at room temperature, suggesting that electron/hole-phonon coupling is a defining aspect of the hybrid metal-halide perovskites contributing to the protection from scattering and enhanced carrier lifetimes that define their usefulness in devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lan
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
| | | | | | - Carlito S. Ponseca
- Division of Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, IFM, Linköpings Universitet, Linköping SE- 58183, Sweden
| | - Mark Sutton
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Yihui He
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | | | - David G. Cooke
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
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32
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Zhao W, Qin Z, Zhang C, Wang G, Huang X, Li B, Dai X, Xiao M. Optical Gain from Biexcitons in CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals Revealed by Two-dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1251-1258. [PMID: 30811208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) exhibit highly efficient optical gain, which is promising for laser applications. However, the intrinsic mechanism of optical gain in perovskite NCs, particularly whether more than one exciton per NCs is required, remains poorly understood. Here, we use two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to resonantly probe the interplay between near-band-edge transitions during the buildup of optical gain in CsPbBr3 NCs. We find compelling evidence to conclude that optical gain in CsPbBr3 NCs is generated through stimulated emission from strongly interacting biexcitons. The threshold is largely determined by the competition between stimulated emission from biexcitons and excited-state absorption from single exciton to biexciton states. The findings in this work may guide future explorations of NC materials with low-threshold optical gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Zhengyuan Qin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Guodong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Bin Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Xingcan Dai
- Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
- Department of Physics , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
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33
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Schile AJ, Limmer DT. Studying rare nonadiabatic dynamics with transition path sampling quantum jump trajectories. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:214109. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5058281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Addison J. Schile
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94618, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94618, USA
| | - David T. Limmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94618, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94618, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94618, USA
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34
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Intrinsic anion diffusivity in lead halide perovskites is facilitated by a soft lattice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:11929-11934. [PMID: 30397127 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812718115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Facile ionic transport in lead halide perovskites plays a critical role in device performance. Understanding the microscopic origins of high ionic conductivities has been complicated by indirect measurements and sample microstructural heterogeneities. Here, we report the direct visualization of halide anion interdiffusion in CsPbCl3-CsPbBr3 single crystalline perovskite nanowire heterojunctions using wide-field and confocal photoluminescence measurements. The combination of nanoscale imaging techniques with these single crystalline materials allows us to measure intrinsic anionic lattice diffusivities, free from complications of microscale inhomogeneity. Halide diffusivities were found to be between 10-13 and ∼10-12 cm2/second at about 100 °C, which are several orders of magnitudes lower than those reported in polycrystalline thin films. Spatially resolved photoluminescence lifetimes and surface potential measurements provide evidence of the central role of halide vacancies in facilitating ionic diffusion. Vacancy formation free energies computed from molecular simulation are small due to the easily deformable perovskite lattice, accounting for the high equilibrium vacancy concentration. Furthermore, molecular simulations suggest that ionic motion is facilitated by low-frequency lattice modes, resulting in low activation barriers for vacancy-mediated transport. This work elucidates the intrinsic solid-state ion diffusion mechanisms in this class of semisoft materials and offers guidelines for engineering materials with long-term stability in functional devices.
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35
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Gallop NP, Selig O, Giubertoni G, Bakker HJ, Rezus YLA, Frost JM, Jansen TLC, Lovrincic R, Bakulin AA. Rotational Cation Dynamics in Metal Halide Perovskites: Effect on Phonons and Material Properties. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5987-5997. [PMID: 30260646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of organic cations in metal halide hybrid perovskites (MHPs) have been investigated using numerous experimental and computational techniques because of their suspected effects on the properties of MHPs. In this Perspective, we summarize and reconcile key findings and present new data to synthesize a unified understanding of the dynamics of the cations. We conclude that theory and experiment collectively paint a relatively complete picture of rotational dynamics within MHPs. This picture is then used to discuss the consequences of structural dynamics for electron-phonon interactions and their effect on material properties by providing a brief account of key studies that correlate cation dynamics with the dynamics of the inorganic sublattice and overall device properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel P Gallop
- Ultrafast Optoelectronics Group, Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Oleg Selig
- AMOLF , Science Park 104 , 1098 XG Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | | | - Huib J Bakker
- AMOLF , Science Park 104 , 1098 XG Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Yves L A Rezus
- AMOLF , Science Park 104 , 1098 XG Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jarvist M Frost
- Department of Physics , Kings College London , London WC2R 2LS , U.K
| | - Thomas L C Jansen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Robert Lovrincic
- InnovationLab Heidelberg and TU Braunschweig , Speyerer Str. 4 , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Ultrafast Optoelectronics Group, Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
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36
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Grechko M, Bretschneider SA, Vietze L, Kim H, Bonn M. Kopplung von hoch- und niederfrequenten Schwingungsmoden in organisch-anorganischen Perowskiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Grechko
- Abteilung für molekulare Spektroskopie; Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Simon A. Bretschneider
- Abteilung für molekulare Spektroskopie; Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Laura Vietze
- Abteilung für molekulare Spektroskopie; Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Heejae Kim
- Abteilung für molekulare Spektroskopie; Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Abteilung für molekulare Spektroskopie; Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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37
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Maiuri M, Oviedo MB, Dean JC, Bishop M, Kudisch B, Toa ZSD, Wong BM, McGill SA, Scholes GD. High Magnetic Field Detunes Vibronic Resonances in Photosynthetic Light Harvesting. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5548-5554. [PMID: 30199266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The origin and role of oscillatory features detected in recent femtosecond spectroscopy experiments of photosynthetic complexes remain elusive. A key hypothesis underneath of these observations relies on electronic-vibrational resonance, where vibrational levels of an acceptor chromophore match the donor-acceptor electronic gap, accelerating the downhill energy transfer. Here we identify and detune such vibronic resonances using a high magnetic field that exclusively shifts molecular exciton states. We implemented ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy into a specialized 25 T magnetic field facility and studied the light-harvesting complex PC645 from a cryptophyte algae where strongly coupled chromophores form molecular exciton states. We detected a change in high-frequency coherent oscillations when the field was engaged. Quantum chemical calculations coupled with a vibronic model explain the experiment as a magnetic field-induced shift of the exciton states, which in turn affects the electronic-vibrational resonance between pigments within the protein. Our results demonstrate the delicate sensitivity of interpigment coherent oscillations of vibronic origin to electronic-vibrational resonance interactions in light-harvesting complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Maiuri
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Washington Road , Princeton , New Jersey 08540 , United States
| | - Maria B Oviedo
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Washington Road , Princeton , New Jersey 08540 , United States
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering Program , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INFIQC - CONICET), Departamento de Química Teórica y Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria , Córdoba X5000HUA , Argentina
| | - Jacob C Dean
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Washington Road , Princeton , New Jersey 08540 , United States
| | - Michael Bishop
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Bryan Kudisch
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Washington Road , Princeton , New Jersey 08540 , United States
| | - Zi S D Toa
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Washington Road , Princeton , New Jersey 08540 , United States
| | - Bryan M Wong
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering Program , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Stephen A McGill
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Washington Road , Princeton , New Jersey 08540 , United States
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38
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Grechko M, Bretschneider SA, Vietze L, Kim H, Bonn M. Vibrational Coupling between Organic and Inorganic Sublattices of Hybrid Perovskites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13657-13661. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Grechko
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Simon A. Bretschneider
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Laura Vietze
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Heejae Kim
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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39
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Hopper T, Gorodetsky A, Frost JM, Müller C, Lovrincic R, Bakulin AA. Ultrafast Intraband Spectroscopy of Hot-Carrier Cooling in Lead-Halide Perovskites. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2018; 3:2199-2205. [PMID: 30450410 PMCID: PMC6231231 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid relaxation of above-band-gap "hot" carriers (HCs) imposes the key efficiency limit in lead-halide perovskite (LHP) solar cells. Recent studies have indicated that HC cooling in these systems may be sensitive to materials composition, as well as the energy and density of excited states. However, the key parameters underpinning the cooling mechanism are currently under debate. Here we use a sequence of ultrafast optical pulses (visible pump-infrared push-infrared probe) to directly compare the intraband cooling dynamics in five common LHPs: FAPbI3, FAPbBr3, MAPbI3, MAPbBr3, and CsPbBr3. We observe ∼100-900 fs cooling times, with slower cooling at higher HC densities. This effect is strongest in the all-inorganic Cs-based system, compared to the hybrid analogues with organic cations. These observations, together with band structure calculations, allow us to quantify the origin of the "hot-phonon bottleneck" in LHPs and assert the thermodynamic contribution of a symmetry-breaking organic cation toward rapid HC cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
R. Hopper
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei Gorodetsky
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jarvist M. Frost
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Müller
- Institute
for High-Frequency Technology, Technische
Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 22, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Lovrincic
- Institute
for High-Frequency Technology, Technische
Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 22, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Artem A. Bakulin
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
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40
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Structural fluctuations cause spin-split states in tetragonal (CH 3NH 3)PbI 3 as evidenced by the circular photogalvanic effect. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:9509-9514. [PMID: 30181293 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1805422115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites are used in thin-film solar cells, which owe their high efficiency to the long lifetimes of photocarriers. Various calculations find that a dynamical Rashba effect could significantly contribute to these long lifetimes. This effect is predicted to cause a spin splitting of the electronic bands of inversion-symmetric crystalline materials at finite temperatures, resulting in a slightly indirect band gap. Direct experimental evidence of the existence or the strength of the spin splitting is lacking. Here, we resonantly excite photocurrents in single crystalline ([Formula: see text])[Formula: see text] with circularly polarized light to clarify the existence of spin splittings in the band structure. We observe a circular photogalvanic effect, i.e., the photocurrent depends on the light helicity, in both orthorhombic and tetragonal ([Formula: see text])[Formula: see text] At room temperature, the effect peaks for excitation photon energies [Formula: see text] meV below the direct optical band gap. Temperature-dependent measurements reveal a sign change of the effect at the orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transition, indicating different microscopic origins in the two phases. Within the tetragonal phase, both [Formula: see text] and the amplitude of the circular photogalvanic effect increase with temperature. Our findings support a dynamical Rashba effect in this phase, i.e., a spin splitting caused by thermally induced structural fluctuations which break inversion symmetry.
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Bretschneider SA, Ivanov I, Wang HI, Miyata K, Zhu X, Bonn M. Quantifying Polaron Formation and Charge Carrier Cooling in Lead-Iodide Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707312. [PMID: 29847699 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Notwithstanding the success of lead-halide perovskites in emerging solar energy conversion technologies, many of the fundamental photophysical phenomena in this material remain debated. Here, the initial steps following photogeneration of free charge carriers in lead-iodide perovskites are studied, and timescales of charge carrier cooling and polaron formation, as a function of temperature and charge carrier excess energy, are quantified. It is found, using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), that the observed femtosecond rise in the photoconductivity can be described very well using a simple model of sequential charge carrier cooling and polaron formation. For excitation above the bandgap, the carrier cooling time depends on the charge carrier excess energy and lattice temperature, with cooling rates varying between 1 and 6 meV fs-1 , depending on the cation. While carrier cooling depends on the cation, polaron formation occurs within ≈400 fs in CH3 NH3 PbI3 (MAPbI3 ), CH(NH2 )2 PbI3 (FAPbI3 ), and CsPbI3 . Its formation time is independent of temperature between 160 and 295 K. The very similar polaron formation dynamics observed for the three perovskites points to the critical role of the inorganic lattice, rather than the cations, for polaron formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Bretschneider
- Molecular Spectroscopy Group, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Graduate Center, 55122, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Molecular Spectroscopy Group, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai I Wang
- Molecular Spectroscopy Group, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kiyoshi Miyata
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Molecular Spectroscopy Group, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Probing femtosecond lattice displacement upon photo-carrier generation in lead halide perovskite. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1971. [PMID: 29773798 PMCID: PMC5958143 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic properties and lattice vibrations are expected to be strongly correlated in metal-halide perovskites, due to the soft fluctuating nature of their crystal lattice. Thus, unveiling electron-phonon coupling dynamics upon ultrafast photoexcitation is necessary for understanding the optoelectronic behavior of the semiconductor. Here, we use impulsive vibrational spectroscopy to reveal vibrational modes of methylammonium lead-bromide perovskite under electronically resonant and non-resonant conditions. We identify two excited state coherent phonons at 89 and 106 cm-1, whose phases reveal a shift of the potential energy minimum upon ultrafast photocarrier generation. This indicates the transition to a new geometry, reached after approximately 90 fs, and fully equilibrated within the phonons lifetime of about 1 ps. Our results unambiguously prove that these modes drive the crystalline distortion occurring upon photo-excitation, demonstrating the presence of polaronic effects.
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Guzelturk B, Belisle RA, Smith MD, Bruening K, Prasanna R, Yuan Y, Gopalan V, Tassone CJ, Karunadasa HI, McGehee MD, Lindenberg AM. Terahertz Emission from Hybrid Perovskites Driven by Ultrafast Charge Separation and Strong Electron-Phonon Coupling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30. [PMID: 29359820 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Unusual photophysical properties of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have not only enabled exceptional performance in optoelectronic devices, but also led to debates on the nature of charge carriers in these materials. This study makes the first observation of intense terahertz (THz) emission from the hybrid perovskite methylammonium lead iodide (CH3 NH3 PbI3 ) following photoexcitation, enabling an ultrafast probe of charge separation, hot-carrier transport, and carrier-lattice coupling under 1-sun-equivalent illumination conditions. Using this approach, the initial charge separation/transport in the hybrid perovskites is shown to be driven by diffusion and not by surface fields or intrinsic ferroelectricity. Diffusivities of the hot and band-edge carriers along the surface normal direction are calculated by analyzing the emitted THz transients, with direct implications for hot-carrier device applications. Furthermore, photogenerated carriers are found to drive coherent terahertz-frequency lattice distortions, associated with reorganizations of the lead-iodide octahedra as well as coupled vibrations of the organic and inorganic sublattices. This strong and coherent carrier-lattice coupling is resolved on femtosecond timescales and found to be important both for resonant and far-above-gap photoexcitation. This study indicates that ultrafast lattice distortions play a key role in the initial processes associated with charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Guzelturk
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Rebecca A Belisle
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Matthew D Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Karsten Bruening
- SSRL Materials Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Rohit Prasanna
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yakun Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Venkatraman Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Christopher J Tassone
- SSRL Materials Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Michael D McGehee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Photon Science, Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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Ghosh T, Aharon S, Etgar L, Ruhman S. Free Carrier Emergence and Onset of Electron–Phonon Coupling in Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:18262-18270. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tufan Ghosh
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 91904
| | - Sigalit Aharon
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 91904
| | - Lioz Etgar
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 91904
| | - Sanford Ruhman
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 91904
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Miyata K, Atallah TL, Zhu XY. Lead halide perovskites: Crystal-liquid duality, phonon glass electron crystals, and large polaron formation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701469. [PMID: 29043296 PMCID: PMC5640380 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites have been demonstrated as high performance materials in solar cells and light-emitting devices. These materials are characterized by coherent band transport expected from crystalline semiconductors, but dielectric responses and phonon dynamics typical of liquids. This "crystal-liquid" duality implies that lead halide perovskites belong to phonon glass electron crystals, a class of materials believed to make the most efficient thermoelectrics. We show that the crystal-liquid duality and the resulting dielectric response are responsible for large polaron formation and screening of charge carriers, leading to defect tolerance, moderate charge carrier mobility, and radiative recombination properties. Large polaron formation, along with the phonon glass character, may also explain the marked reduction in hot carrier cooling rates in these materials.
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Madjet ME, Berdiyorov GR, El-Mellouhi F, Alharbi FH, Akimov AV, Kais S. Cation Effect on Hot Carrier Cooling in Halide Perovskite Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4439-4445. [PMID: 28862451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic lead-halide perovskites have received a revival of interest in the past few years as a promising class of materials for photovoltaic applications. Despite recent extensive research, the role of cations in defining the high photovoltaic performance of these materials is not fully understood. Here, we conduct nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations to study and compare nonradiative hot carrier relaxation in three lead-halide perovskite materials: CH3NH3PbI3, HC(NH2)2PbI3, and CsPbI3. It is found that the relaxation of hot carriers to the band edges occurs on the ultrafast time scale and displays a strong quantitative dependence on the nature of the cations. The obtained results are explained in terms of electron-phonon couplings, which are strongly affected by the atomic displacements in the Pb-I framework triggered by the cation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Madjet
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad bin Khalifa University , Doha, Qatar
| | - Golibjon R Berdiyorov
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad bin Khalifa University , Doha, Qatar
| | - Fedwa El-Mellouhi
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad bin Khalifa University , Doha, Qatar
| | - Fahhad H Alharbi
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad bin Khalifa University , Doha, Qatar
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University , Doha, Qatar
| | - Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York , New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Sabre Kais
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad bin Khalifa University , Doha, Qatar
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Miyata K, Meggiolaro D, Trinh MT, Joshi PP, Mosconi E, Jones SC, De Angelis F, Zhu XY. Large polarons in lead halide perovskites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701217. [PMID: 28819647 PMCID: PMC5553817 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites show marked defect tolerance responsible for their excellent optoelectronic properties. These properties might be explained by the formation of large polarons, but how they are formed and whether organic cations are essential remain open questions. We provide a direct time domain view of large polaron formation in single-crystal lead bromide perovskites CH3NH3PbBr3 and CsPbBr3. We found that large polaron forms predominantly from the deformation of the PbBr3- frameworks, irrespective of the cation type. The difference lies in the polaron formation time, which, in CH3NH3PbBr3 (0.3 ps), is less than half of that in CsPbBr3 (0.7 ps). First-principles calculations confirm large polaron formation, identify the Pb-Br-Pb deformation modes as responsible, and explain quantitatively the rate difference between CH3NH3PbBr3 and CsPbBr3. The findings reveal the general advantage of the soft [PbX3]- sublattice in charge carrier protection and suggest that there is likely no mechanistic limitations in using all-inorganic or mixed-cation lead halide perovskites to overcome instability problems and to tune the balance between charge carrier protection and mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Miyata
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Daniele Meggiolaro
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics, National Research Council–Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- D3-CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - M. Tuan Trinh
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Prakriti P. Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Edoardo Mosconi
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics, National Research Council–Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- D3-CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Skyler C. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics, National Research Council–Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- D3-CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Corresponding author. (X.-Y.Z.); (F.D.A.)
| | - X.-Y. Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Corresponding author. (X.-Y.Z.); (F.D.A.)
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