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Scheil V, Holzinger R, Moreno-Cardoner M, Ritsch H. Optical Properties of Concentric Nanorings of Quantum Emitters. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13050851. [PMID: 36903728 PMCID: PMC10005549 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A ring of sub-wavelength spaced dipole-coupled quantum emitters features extraordinary optical properties when compared to a one-dimensional chain or a random collection of emitters. One finds the emergence of extremely subradiant collective eigenmodes similar to an optical resonator, which features strong 3D sub-wavelength field confinement near the ring. Motivated by structures commonly appearing in natural light-harvesting complexes (LHCs), we extend these studies to stacked multi-ring geometries. We predict that using double rings allows us to engineer significantly darker and better confined collective excitations over a broader energy band compared to the single-ring case. These enhance weak field absorption and low-loss excitation energy transport. For the specific geometry of the three rings appearing in the natural LH2 light-harvesting antenna, we show that the coupling between the lower double-ring structure and the higher energy blue-shifted single ring is very close to a critical value for the actual size of the molecule. This creates collective excitations with contributions from all three rings, which is a vital ingredient for efficient and fast coherent inter-ring transport. This geometry thus should also prove useful for the design of sub-wavelength weak field antennae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Scheil
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raphael Holzinger
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria Moreno-Cardoner
- Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica and Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helmut Ritsch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence:
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Moreno-Cardoner M, Holzinger R, Ritsch H. Efficient nano-photonic antennas based on dark states in quantum emitter rings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:10779-10791. [PMID: 35473037 DOI: 10.1364/oe.437396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscopic arrays of quantum emitters can feature highly sub-radiant collective excitations with a lifetime exponentially growing with emitter number. Adding an absorptive impurity as an energy dump in the center of a ring shaped polygon allows to exploit this feature to create highly efficient single photon antennas. Here among regular polygons with an identical center absorbing emitter, a nonagon exhibits a distinct optimum of the absorption efficiency. This special enhancement originates from the unique emergence of a subradiant eigenstate with dominant center occupation. Only for nine emitters the sum of coupling strengths of each emitter to all others matches the center to the ring coupling. Analogous to a parabolic mirror the antenna ring then concentrates incoming radiation at its center without being significantly excited itself. Similar large efficiency enhancements, which even prevail for broadband excitation, can also be engineered for other antenna sizes by tailoring the frequency and magnitude of the central absorber. Interestingly, for very small structures a quantum treatment predicts an even stronger enhancement for the single photon absorption enhancement than a classical dipole model. As natural light harvesting structures are often based on ring shaped structures, the underlying principle might be exploited there as well.
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Janković V, Mančal T. Nonequilibrium steady-state picture of incoherent light-induced excitation harvesting. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:244110. [PMID: 33380098 DOI: 10.1063/5.0029918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We formulate a comprehensive theoretical description of excitation harvesting in molecular aggregates photoexcited by weak incoherent radiation. An efficient numerical scheme that respects the continuity equation for excitation fluxes is developed to compute the nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) arising from the interplay between excitation generation, excitation relaxation, dephasing, trapping at the load, and recombination. The NESS is most conveniently described in the so-called preferred basis in which the steady-state excitonic density matrix is diagonal. The NESS properties are examined by relating the preferred-basis description to the descriptions in the site or excitonic bases. Focusing on a model photosynthetic dimer, we find that the NESS in the limit of long trapping time is quite similar to the excited-state equilibrium in which the stationary coherences originate from the excitation-environment entanglement. For shorter trapping times, we demonstrate how the properties of the NESS can be extracted from the time-dependent description of an incoherently driven but unloaded dimer. This relation between stationary and time-dependent pictures is valid, provided that the trapping time is longer than the decay time of dynamic coherences accessible in femtosecond spectroscopy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veljko Janković
- Scientific Computing Laboratory, Center for the Study of Complex Systems, Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tomáš Mančal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Scholes GD. Polaritons and excitons: Hamiltonian design for enhanced coherence. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 476:20200278. [PMID: 33223931 PMCID: PMC7655764 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary questions motivating this report are: Are there ways to increase coherence and delocalization of excitation among many molecules at moderate electronic coupling strength? Coherent delocalization of excitation in disordered molecular systems is studied using numerical calculations. The results are relevant to molecular excitons, polaritons, and make connections to classical phase oscillator synchronization. In particular, it is hypothesized that it is not only the magnitude of electronic coupling relative to the standard deviation of energetic disorder that decides the limits of coherence, but that the structure of the Hamiltonian-connections between sites (or molecules) made by electronic coupling-is a significant design parameter. Inspired by synchronization phenomena in analogous systems of phase oscillators, some properties of graphs that define the structure of different Hamiltonian matrices are explored. The report focuses on eigenvalues and ensemble density matrices of various structured, random matrices. Some reasons for the special delocalization properties and robustness of polaritons in the single-excitation subspace (the star graph) are discussed. The key result of this report is that, for some classes of Hamiltonian matrix structure, coherent delocalization is not easily defeated by energy disorder, even when the electronic coupling is small compared to disorder.
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Pruchyathamkorn J, Kendrick WJ, Frawley AT, Mattioni A, Caycedo‐Soler F, Huelga SF, Plenio MB, Anderson HL. A Complex Comprising a Cyanine Dye Rotaxane and a Porphyrin Nanoring as a Model Light-Harvesting System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16455-16458. [PMID: 32558120 PMCID: PMC7540489 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A nanoring-rotaxane supramolecular assembly with a Cy7 cyanine dye (hexamethylindotricarbocyanine) threaded along the axis of the nanoring was synthesized as a model for the energy transfer between the light-harvesting complex LH1 and the reaction center in purple bacteria photosynthesis. The complex displays efficient energy transfer from the central cyanine dye to the surrounding zinc porphyrin nanoring. We present a theoretical model that reproduces the absorption spectrum of the nanoring and quantifies the excitonic coupling between the nanoring and the central dye, thereby explaining the efficient energy transfer and demonstrating similarity with structurally related natural light-harvesting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William J. Kendrick
- Department of ChemistryOxford UniversityChemistry Research LaboratoryOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Andrew T. Frawley
- Department of ChemistryOxford UniversityChemistry Research LaboratoryOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Andrea Mattioni
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and IQSTUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189069UlmGermany
| | - Felipe Caycedo‐Soler
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and IQSTUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189069UlmGermany
| | - Susana F. Huelga
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and IQSTUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189069UlmGermany
| | - Martin B. Plenio
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and IQSTUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189069UlmGermany
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department of ChemistryOxford UniversityChemistry Research LaboratoryOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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Pruchyathamkorn J, Kendrick WJ, Frawley AT, Mattioni A, Caycedo‐Soler F, Huelga SF, Plenio MB, Anderson HL. A Complex Comprising a Cyanine Dye Rotaxane and a Porphyrin Nanoring as a Model Light‐Harvesting System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - William J. Kendrick
- Department of ChemistryOxford UniversityChemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Andrew T. Frawley
- Department of ChemistryOxford UniversityChemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Andrea Mattioni
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and IQSTUlm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89069 Ulm Germany
| | - Felipe Caycedo‐Soler
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and IQSTUlm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89069 Ulm Germany
| | - Susana F. Huelga
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and IQSTUlm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89069 Ulm Germany
| | - Martin B. Plenio
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and IQSTUlm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89069 Ulm Germany
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department of ChemistryOxford UniversityChemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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Karki KJ, Chen J, Sakurai A, Shi Q, Gardiner AT, Kühn O, Cogdell RJ, Pullerits T. Before Förster. Initial excitation in photosynthetic light harvesting. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7923-7928. [PMID: 31673317 PMCID: PMC6788518 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01888c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic 2D spectroscopy allows nontrivial quantum effects to be explored in unprecedented detail. Here, we apply recently developed fluorescence detected coherent 2D spectroscopy to study the light harvesting antenna 2 (LH2) of photosynthetic purple bacteria. We report double quantum coherence 2D spectra which show clear cross peaks indicating correlated excitations. Similar results are found for rephasing and nonrephasing signals. Analysis of signal generating quantum pathways leads to the conclusion that, contrary to the currently prevailing physical picture, the two weakly coupled pigment rings of LH2 share the initial electronic excitation leading to quantum mechanical correlation between the two clearly separate absorption bands. These results are general and have consequences for the interpretation of initially created excited states not only in photosynthesis but in all light absorbing systems composed of weakly interacting pigments where the excitation transfer is commonly described by using Förster theory. Being able to spectrally resolve the nonequilibrium dynamics immediately following photoabsorption may provide a glimpse to the systems' transition into the Förster regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadga J Karki
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund , Lund University , Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden .
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund , Lund University , Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden .
| | - Atsunori Sakurai
- Institute of Industrial Science , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro , Tokyo 153-8505 , Japan
| | - Qi Shi
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund , Lund University , Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden .
| | - Alastair T Gardiner
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology , College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences , University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , UK
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institute of Physics , University of Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24 , 18059 Rostock , Germany
| | - Richard J Cogdell
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology , College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences , University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , UK
| | - Tönu Pullerits
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund , Lund University , Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden .
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Sáez-Blázquez R, Feist J, Romero E, Fernández-Domínguez AI, García-Vidal FJ. Cavity-Modified Exciton Dynamics in Photosynthetic Units. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4252-4258. [PMID: 31291109 PMCID: PMC6907886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, exciton-photon strong coupling has been proposed as a means to control and enhance energy transfer in ensembles of organic molecules. Here, we demonstrate that the exciton dynamics in an archetypal purple bacterial photosynthetic unit, composed of six LH2 antennas surrounding a single LH1 complex, is greatly modified by its interaction with an optical cavity. We develop a Bloch-Redfield master equation approach that accounts for the interplay between the B800 and B850 bacteriochlorophyll molecules within each LH2 antenna, as well as their interactions with the central LH1 complex. Using a realistic parametrization of both the photosynthetic unit and optical cavity, we investigate the formation of polaritons in the system, revealing that these can be tuned to accelerate its exciton dynamics by 3 orders of magnitude. This yields a significant occupation of the LH1 complex, the stage immediately prior to the reaction center, with only a few-femtosecond delay after the initial excitation of the LH2 B800 pigments. Our theoretical findings unveil polaritonic phenomena as a promising route for the characterization, tailoring, and optimization of light-harvesting mechanisms in natural and artificial photosynthetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Sáez-Blázquez
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Johannes Feist
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabet Romero
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science
and Technology (BIST), E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio I. Fernández-Domínguez
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. García-Vidal
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), E-20018 Donostia−San Sebastián, Spain
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9
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Dijkstra AG, Beige A. Efficient long-distance energy transport in molecular systems through adiabatic passage. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:034114. [PMID: 31325938 DOI: 10.1063/1.5100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiencies of light-harvesting complexes in biological systems can be much higher than the current efficiencies of artificial solar cells. In this paper, we therefore propose and analyze an energy transport mechanism which employs adiabatic passages between the states of an artificially designed antenna molecular system to significantly enhance the conversion of incoming light into internal energy. It is shown that the proposed transport mechanism is relatively robust against spontaneous emission and dephasing, while also being able to take advantage of collective effects. Our aim is to provide new insight into the energy transport in molecular complexes and to improve the design of solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arend G Dijkstra
- The School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Almut Beige
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Schröter M, Pullerits T, Kühn O. Using fluorescence detected two-dimensional spectroscopy to investigate initial exciton delocalization between coupled chromophores. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:114107. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5046645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Schröter
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert Einstein Straße 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Tõnu Pullerits
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert Einstein Straße 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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