1
|
Ferraro V, Bizzarri C, Bräse S. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) Materials Based on Earth-Abundant Transition Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Design and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2404866. [PMID: 38984475 PMCID: PMC11426009 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Materials exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) based on transition metal complexes are currently gathering significant attention due to their technological potential. Their application extends beyond optoelectronics, in particular organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), and include also photocatalysis, sensing, and X-ray scintillators. From the perspective of sustainability, earth-abundant metal centers are preferred to rarer second- and third-transition series elements, thus determining a reduction in costs and toxicity but without compromising the overall performances. This review offers an overview of earth-abundant transition metal complexes exhibiting TADF and their application as photoconversion materials. Particular attention is devoted to the types of ligands employed, helping in the design of novel systems with enhanced TADF properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ferraro
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Bizzarri
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saito T, Yoshida M, Segawa K, Saito D, Takayama J, Hiura S, Murayama A, Lakshan NM, Sameera WMC, Kobayashi A, Kato M. Thermo-responsive emission induced by different delocalized excited-states in isomorphous Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) one-dimensional chains. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04497e. [PMID: 39170722 PMCID: PMC11333949 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04497e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of d8 transition metal complexes is essential for the development of optoelectronic and sensing materials with superior photofunctional properties. However, detailed insight into the electronic delocalization of excited states across multiple molecules, particularly in comparing 5d8 (Pt(ii)) and 4d8 (Pd(ii)) systems, remains ambiguous but important. In this study, we have successfully evaluated the differences in the excited-state delocalization and thermal responses of self-assembled Pt(ii) and Pd(ii) complexes. Although the complexes presented herein, K[M(CN)2(dFppy)]·H2O (M = Pt or Pd, dFppy = 2-(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridinate), are crystallographically isomorphous with similarly short metal⋯metal contacts, only the Pt(ii) complex exhibited thermal equilibria between delocalized excited states, resulting in a drastic thermochromic luminescence with a red-shift of greater than 100 nm. In contrast, the dimeric localized emission from the Pd(ii) complex showed a significant increase in the quantum yield upon cooling, approaching almost unity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University North-10 West-8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University 1 Gakuen-Uegahara Sanda Hyogo 669-1330 Japan
| | - Kaito Segawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University 1 Gakuen-Uegahara Sanda Hyogo 669-1330 Japan
| | - Daisuke Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University North-10 West-8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University 1 Gakuen-Uegahara Sanda Hyogo 669-1330 Japan
| | - Junichi Takayama
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University North-14 West-9, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0814 Japan
| | - Satoshi Hiura
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University North-14 West-9, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0814 Japan
| | - Akihiro Murayama
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University North-14 West-9, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0814 Japan
| | - Nishshanka M Lakshan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo Kumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha Colombo 00700 Sri Lanka
| | - W M C Sameera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo Kumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha Colombo 00700 Sri Lanka
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg SE-41390 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University North-10 West-8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Masako Kato
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University 1 Gakuen-Uegahara Sanda Hyogo 669-1330 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li R, Ying A, Tan Y, Ai Y, Gong S. Efficient Blue Photo- and Electroluminescence from CF 3-Decorated Cu(I) Complexes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400817. [PMID: 38654445 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Luminescent organometallic complexes of earth-abundant copper(I) have long been studied in organic light-emitting diodes (OLED). Particularly, Cu(I)-based carbene-metal-amide (CMA) complexes have recently emerged as promising organometallic emitters. However, blue-emitting Cu(I) CMA complexes have been rarely reported. Here we constructed two blue-emitting Cu(I) CMA emitters, MAC*-Cu-CF3Cz and MAC*-Cu-2CF3Cz, by introducing one or two CF3 substitutes into carbazole ligands. Both complexes exhibited high thermal stability and blue emission colors. Moreover, two complexes exhibited different emission origins rooting from different donor ligands: a distinct thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) from ligand-to-ligand charge transfer excited states for MAC*-Cu-CF3Cz or a dominant phosphorescence nature from local triplet excited state of the carbazole ligand for MAC*-Cu-2CF3Cz. Inspiringly, MAC*-Cu-CF3Cz had high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 94 % and short emission lifetimes of down to 1.2 μs in doped films, accompanied by relatively high radiative rates in the 105 s-1 order. The resultant vacuum-deposited OLEDs based on MAC*-Cu-CF3Cz delivered pure-blue electroluminescence at 462 nm together with a high external quantum efficiency of 13.0 %.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyan Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ao Ying
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yao Tan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yuhan Ai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shaolong Gong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chatterjee J, Chatterjee A, Tanwar R, Panwaria P, Saikia S, Ambhore MD, Mandal P, Hazra P. Activation of TADF in Photon Upconverting Crystals of Dinuclear Cu(I)-Iodide Complexes by Ligand Engineering. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6069-6080. [PMID: 38820068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
This work reports that ligand engineering can modulate the triplet harvesting mechanism in iodide-bridged rhombic Cu2I2 complexes. Complex-1, with a smaller Cu-Cu distance, exhibits phosphorescence from 3(M+X)LCT and 3CC states with 66% quantum yield, whereas an increased Cu-Cu distance in complex-2 results in a switch of the emission from phosphorescence to TADF, which occurs via 1/3(M+X)LCT states with 83% quantum yield. The TADF property of complex-2 has been utilized for the fabrication of a pc-LED emitting efficient warm white light. Moreover, the high charge-transfer nature of these complexes leads to the emergence of third-harmonic generation (THG). Interestingly, complex-1 exhibits efficient third-harmonic generation with a χ(3) value of 1.15 × 10-18 m2 V-2 and LIDT value of 14.73 GW/cm2. This work aims to provide a structure-property relationship to achieve effective harvestation of triplet excitons in iodide-bridged rhombic Cu2I2 complexes and their effective utilization in OLED device fabrication and nonlinear photon upconversion processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joy Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhijit Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Riteeka Tanwar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prakash Panwaria
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sajid Saikia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madan D Ambhore
- Department of Chemistry, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya Nanded, Nanded, PIN-431602, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pankaj Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Partha Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li TY, Zheng SJ, Djurovich PI, Thompson ME. Two-Coordinate Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Coinage Metal Complexes: Molecular Design, Photophysical Characters, and Device Application. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4332-4392. [PMID: 38546341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Since the emergence of the first green light emission from a fluorescent thin-film organic light emitting diode (OLED) in the mid-1980s, a global consumer market for OLED displays has flourished over the past few decades. This growth can primarily be attributed to the development of noble metal phosphorescent emitters that facilitated remarkable gains in electrical conversion efficiency, a broadened color gamut, and vibrant image quality for OLED displays. Despite these achievements, the limited abundance of noble metals in the Earth's crust has spurred ongoing efforts to discover cost-effective electroluminescent materials. One particularly promising avenue is the exploration of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), a mechanism with the potential to fully harness excitons in OLEDs. Recently, investigations have unveiled TADF in a series of two-coordinate coinage metal (Cu, Ag, and Au) complexes. These organometallic TADF materials exhibit distinctive behavior in comparison to their organic counterparts. They offer benefits such as tunable emissive colors, short TADF emission lifetimes, high luminescent quantum yields, and reasonable stability. Impressively, both vacuum-deposited and solution-processed OLEDs incorporating these materials have achieved outstanding performance. This review encompasses various facets on two-coordinate TADF coinage metal complexes, including molecular design, photophysical characterizations, elucidation of structure-property relationships, and OLED applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shu-Jia Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peter I Djurovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mark E Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Liu Z, Mazumder A, Gianopoulos CG, Kirschbaum K, Peteanu LA, Jin R. Tailoring Carbon Tails of Ligands on Au 52(SR) 32 Nanoclusters Enhances the Near-Infrared Photoluminescence Quantum Yield from 3.8 to 18.3. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26328-26338. [PMID: 37982713 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
One of the important factors that determine the photoluminescence (PL) properties of gold nanoclusters pertain to the surface. In this study, four Au52(SR)32 nanoclusters that feature a series of aromatic thiolate ligands (-SR) with different bulkiness at the para-position are synthesized and investigated. The near-infrared (NIR) photoluminescence (peaks at 900-940 nm) quantum yield (QY) is largely enhanced with a decrease in the ligand's para-bulkiness. Specifically, the Au52(SR)32 capped with the least bulky p-methylbenzenethiolate (p-MBT) exhibits the highest PLQY (18.3% at room temperature in non-degassed dichloromethane), while Au52 with the bulkiest tert-butylbenzenethiolate (TBBT) only gives 3.8%. The large enhancement of QY with fewer methyl groups on the ligands implies a nonradiative decay via the multiphonon process mediated by C-H bonds. Furthermore, single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) comparison of Au52(p-MBT)32 and Au52(TBBT)32 reveals that fewer methyl groups at the para-position lead to a stronger interligand π···π stacking on the Au52 core, thus restricting ligand vibrations and rotations. The emission nature is identified to be phosphorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) based on the PL lifetime, 3O2 quenching, and temperature-dependent PL and absorption studies. The 1O2 generation efficiencies for the four Au52(SR)32 NCs follow the same trend as the observed PL performance. Overall, the highly NIR-luminescent Au52(p-MBT)32 nanocluster and the revealed mechanisms are expected to find future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zhongyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Abhrojyoti Mazumder
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | | | - Kristin Kirschbaum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Linda A Peteanu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yersin H, Czerwieniec R, Monkowius U, Ramazanov R, Valiev R, Shafikov MZ, Kwok WM, Ma C. Intersystem crossing, phosphorescence, and spin-orbit coupling. Two contrasting Cu(I)-TADF dimers investigated by milli- to micro-second phosphorescence, femto-second fluorescence, and theoretical calculations. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
8
|
Yan M, Lu W, Zhang B, Liu C, Zi X, Zhang J, Qi C, Liu M, Du C. Mononuclear copper(Ⅰ) complexes with mechanochromic thermally activated delayed fluorescence behaviour based on switchable hydrogen bonds. Polyhedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2023.116391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
|
9
|
Strelnik I, Shamsieva A, Akhmadgaleev K, Gerasimova T, Dayanova I, Kolesnikov I, Fayzullin R, Islamov D, Musina E, Karasik A, Sinyashin O. Emission and Luminescent Vapochromism Control of Octahedral Cu 4 I 4 Complexes by Conformationally Restricted P,N Ligands. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202864. [PMID: 36420785 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A conformationally restricted P,N-ligand capable of the design of polynuclear copper(I) complexes was synthesized via the reaction of primary pyridylphosphine, paraformaldehyde, and benzhydrylamine. The reaction of the ligand with copper(I) iodide leads to the tetranuclear copper(I) complex with the octahedral type of copper-iodide core. Different orientation of coordination bonds of the ligands relative to the P,N2 -heterocyclic fragments and to the Cu4 I4 cores leads to the existence of two types of conformers of the complex with "compact" or "stretched" geometry of the Cu4 I4 cluster. This lability of the complex allowed for obtaining two crystalline phases displaying green or red luminescence. The TDDFT computations along with XRD structural analysis gave a strong interpretation of the green emission belonging to the "compact" form of the complex and belonging of the red emission to the "stretched" form. Moreover, both crystalline phases demonstrate the strong vapochromic responses of luminescence on the vapors of wide range of solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Strelnik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Aliia Shamsieva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Kamil Akhmadgaleev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Gerasimova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Dayanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya Kolesnikov
- Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research, Saint Petersburg State University, Sankt-Peterburg, 5 Ulianovskaya Street, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Robert Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Daut Islamov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Elvira Musina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Karasik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Sinyashin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jana A, Jash M, Dar WA, Roy J, Chakraborty P, Paramasivam G, Lebedkin S, Kirakci K, Manna S, Antharjanam S, Machacek J, Kucerakova M, Ghosh S, Lang K, Kappes MM, Base T, Pradeep T. Carborane-thiol protected copper nanoclusters: stimuli-responsive materials with tunable phosphorescence. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1613-1626. [PMID: 36794193 PMCID: PMC9906781 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06578a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomically precise nanomaterials with tunable solid-state luminescence attract global interest. In this work, we present a new class of thermally stable isostructural tetranuclear copper nanoclusters (NCs), shortly Cu4@oCBT, Cu4@mCBT and Cu4@ICBT, protected by nearly isomeric carborane thiols: ortho-carborane-9-thiol, meta-carborane-9-thiol and ortho-carborane 12-iodo 9-thiol, respectively. They have a square planar Cu4 core and a butterfly-shaped Cu4S4 staple, which is appended with four respective carboranes. For Cu4@ICBT, strain generated by the bulky iodine substituents on the carboranes makes the Cu4S4 staple flatter in comparison to other clusters. High-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR ESI-MS) and collision energy-dependent fragmentation, along with other spectroscopic and microscopic studies, confirm their molecular structure. Although none of these clusters show any visible luminescence in solution, bright μs-long phosphorescence is observed in their crystalline forms. The Cu4@oCBT and Cu4@mCBT NCs are green emitting with quantum yields (Φ) of 81 and 59%, respectively, whereas Cu4@ICBT is orange emitting with a Φ of 18%. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the nature of their respective electronic transitions. The green luminescence of Cu4@oCBT and Cu4@mCBT clusters gets shifted to yellow after mechanical grinding, but it is regenerated after exposure to solvent vapour, whereas the orange emission of Cu4@ICBT is not affected by mechanical grinding. Structurally flattened Cu4@ICBT didn't show mechanoresponsive luminescence in contrast to other clusters, having bent Cu4S4 structures. Cu4@oCBT and Cu4@mCBT are thermally stable up to 400 °C. Cu4@oCBT retained green emission even upon heating to 200 °C under ambient conditions, while Cu4@mCBT changed from green to yellow in the same window. This is the first report on structurally flexible carborane thiol appended Cu4 NCs having stimuli-responsive tunable solid-state phosphorescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Jana
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai - 600036 India
| | - Madhuri Jash
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai - 600036 India
| | - Wakeel Ahmed Dar
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai - 600036 India
| | - Jayoti Roy
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai - 600036 India
| | - Papri Chakraborty
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Eggenstein Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Ganesan Paramasivam
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai - 600036 India
| | - Sergei Lebedkin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Eggenstein Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Kaplan Kirakci
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Science 25068 Rez Czech Republic
| | - Sujan Manna
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai - 600036 India
| | - Sudhadevi Antharjanam
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai - 600036 India
| | - Jan Machacek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Science 25068 Rez Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kucerakova
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Na Slovance4 1999/2, 182 21, Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Sundargopal Ghosh
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai - 600036 India
| | - Kamil Lang
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Science 25068 Rez Czech Republic
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Eggenstein Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Tomas Base
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Science 25068 Rez Czech Republic
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai - 600036 India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang HJ, Liu Y, Yu B, Song SQ, Zheng YX, Liu K, Chen P, Wang H, Jiang J, Li TY. A Configurationally Confined Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Two-Coordinate Cu I Complex for Efficient Blue Electroluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217195. [PMID: 36542446 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) from linear two-coordinate coinage metal complexes is sensitive to the geometric arrangement of the ligands. Herein we realize the tuning of configuration from coplanar to orthogonal gradually by variation of substituents. In a complex with confined twist configuration, its blue emission peaking at 458 nm presents a high ΦPL of 0.74 and a short τTADF of 1.9 μs, which indicates a fast enough kr,TADF of 3.9×105 s-1 and a depressed knr of 1.4×105 s-1 . Such outstanding luminescent properties are attributed to the proper overlap of HOMO and LUMO on CuI d orbitals that guarantees not only small ΔEST but also sufficient transition oscillator strength for fast k r , S 1 ${{k}_{{\rm r},{{\rm S}}_{1}}}$ . Vacuum-deposited blue OLEDs with either doped or host-free emissive layer present external quantum efficiencies over 20 % and 10 %, respectively, demonstrating the practicality of the configurationally confined strategy for efficient linear CuI TADF emitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Baoqiu Yu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shi-Quan Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - You-Xuan Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kanglei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tian-Yi Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gusev A, Kiskin M, Braga E, Zamnius E, Kryukova M, Karaush-Karmazin N, Baryshnikov G, Minaev B, Linert W. Structure and emission properties of dinuclear copper(i) complexes with pyridyltriazole. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3899-3909. [PMID: 36756544 PMCID: PMC9890518 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06986e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of five highly emissive binuclear heteroleptic pyridyltriazole-Cu(i)-phosphine complexes 1-5 was synthesized and examined by different experimental (IR, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis, single crystal X-ray diffraction technique, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy) and quantum chemical aproaches. Complexes 1-5 exhibited excellent stimuli-responsive photoluminescent performance in the solid state at room temperature (quantum yield (QY) = 27.5-52.0%; lifetime (τ) = 8.3-10.7 μs) and when the temperature was lowered to 77 K (QY = 38.3-88.2; τ = 17.8-134.7 μs). The highest QY was examined for complex 3 (52%) that can be explained by the small structural changes between the ground S0 and exited S1 and T1 states leading to the small S1-T1 triplet gap and efficient thermally-activated delayed fluorescence. Moreover, complex 4 demonstrates reversible mechanochromic and excitation dependent luminescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Gusev
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University Simferopol 295007 Crimea
| | - Mikhail Kiskin
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow119991Russia
| | - Elena Braga
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University Simferopol 295007 Crimea
| | | | - Mariya Kryukova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State UniversityUniversitetskaya Nab. 7/9Saint PetersburgRussia
| | - Nataliya Karaush-Karmazin
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science, Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University18031 CherkasyUkraine
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science, Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University18031 CherkasyUkraine,Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping UniversitySE-60174 NorrköpingSweden
| | - Boris Minaev
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science, Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University18031 CherkasyUkraine
| | - Wolfgang Linert
- Institute of Applied Physics, Vienna University of TechnologyWiedner Hauptstraße 8-101040 ViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Miao H, Pan X, Li M, Zhaxi W, Wu J, Huang Z, Liu L, Ma X, Jiang S, Huang W, Zhang Q, Wu D. A Copper Iodide Cluster-Based Coordination Polymer as an Unconventional Zero-Thermal-Quenching Phosphor. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18779-18788. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiancheng Pan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Miao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wenjiang Zhaxi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zetao Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Luying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shenlong Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Dayu Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ito A, Iwamura M, Sakuda E. Excited-state dynamics of luminescent transition metal complexes with metallophilic and donor–acceptor interactions. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
15
|
Lou X, Tian Y, Wang Z. Synthesis, structures, and photophysical properties of two Cu(I) complexes supported by N-heterocyclic carbene and phosphine ligands. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2022-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Two new cationic four-coordinate Cu(I) complexes supported by different chelating N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and the diphosphine ligand bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether (POP) have been synthesized. The chemical structures of both complexes have been characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 31P NMR, and mass spectroscopy, and the crystal structure of one complex has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Results of theoretical calculations indicate that the lowest energy electronic transitions of these complexes are mainly the metal-to-ligand charge transfer and ligand-to-ligand charge transfer transitions. The complexes in solid state show intense emissions with high photoluminescence quantum yields. The photophysical behavior at 298 and 77K shows that emissions of these complexes at room temperature are thermally activated delayed fluorescence mixed with phosphorescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Lou
- School of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University , Luoyang 471934 , P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University , Luoyang 471934 , P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University , Luoyang 471934 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhaxi W, Li M, Wu J, Liu L, Huang Z, Miao H, Ma X, Jiang S, Zhang Q, Huang W, Wu D. A Red-Emitting Cu(I)–Halide Cluster Phosphor with Near-Unity Photoluminescence Efficiency for High-Power wLED Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144441. [PMID: 35889315 PMCID: PMC9318059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-state lighting technology, where light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are used for energy conversion from electricity to light, is considered a next-generation lighting technology. One of the significant challenges in the field is the synthesis of high-efficiency phosphors for designing phosphor-converted white LEDs under high flux operating currents. Here, we reported the synthesis, structure, and photophysical properties of a tetranuclear Cu(I)–halide cluster phosphor, [bppmCu2I2]2 (bppm = bisdiphenylphosphinemethane), for the fabrication of high-performance white LEDs. The PL investigations demonstrated that the red emission exhibits a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield at room temperature and unusual spectral broadening with increasing temperature in the crystalline state. Considering the excellent photophysical properties, the crystalline sample of [bppmCu2I2]2 was successfully applied for the fabrication of phosphor-converted white LEDs. The prototype white LED device exhibited a continuous rise in brightness in the range of a high bias current (100–1000 mA) with CRI as high as 84 and CCT of 5828 K, implying great potential for high-quality white LEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiang Zhaxi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (W.Z.); (M.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.); (Z.H.); (H.M.); (X.M.)
| | - Miao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (W.Z.); (M.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.); (Z.H.); (H.M.); (X.M.)
| | - Jing Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (W.Z.); (M.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.); (Z.H.); (H.M.); (X.M.)
| | - Luying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (W.Z.); (M.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.); (Z.H.); (H.M.); (X.M.)
| | - Zetao Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (W.Z.); (M.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.); (Z.H.); (H.M.); (X.M.)
| | - Huixian Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (W.Z.); (M.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.); (Z.H.); (H.M.); (X.M.)
| | - Xiao Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (W.Z.); (M.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.); (Z.H.); (H.M.); (X.M.)
| | - Shenlong Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (S.J.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qun Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (S.J.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Wei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (W.Z.); (M.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.); (Z.H.); (H.M.); (X.M.)
- Correspondence: (W.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Dayu Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (W.Z.); (M.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.); (Z.H.); (H.M.); (X.M.)
- Correspondence: (W.H.); (D.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sandoval-Pauker C, Santander-Nelli M, Dreyse P. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence in luminescent cationic copper(i) complexes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10653-10674. [PMID: 35425025 PMCID: PMC8985689 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08082b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the photophysical characteristics of [Cu(N^N)2]+ and [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+ complexes were described. The concept of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and its development throughout the years was also explained. The importance of ΔE (S1-T1) and spin-orbital coupling (SOC) values on the TADF behavior of [Cu(N^N)2]+ and [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+ complexes is discussed. Examples of ΔE (S1-T1) values reported in the literature were collected and some trends were proposed (e.g. the effect of the substituents at the 2,9 positions of the phenanthroline ligand). Besides, the techniques (or calculation methods) used for determining ΔE (S1-T1) values were described. The effect of SOC in TADF was also discussed, and examples of the determination of SOC values by DFT and TD-DFT calculations are provided. The last chapter covers the applications of [Cu(N^N)2]+ and [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+ TADF complexes and the challenges that are still needed to be addressed to ensure the industrial applications of these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sandoval-Pauker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX 79968 USA
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María Av. España 1680 Casilla 2390123 Valparaíso Chile
| | - Mireya Santander-Nelli
- Advanced Integrated Technologies (AINTECH) Chorrillo Uno, Parcela 21 Lampa Santiago Chile
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins General Gana 1702 Santiago 8370854 Chile
| | - Paulina Dreyse
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María Av. España 1680 Casilla 2390123 Valparaíso Chile
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Housecroft CE, Constable EC. TADF: Enabling luminescent copper(i) coordination compounds for light-emitting electrochemical cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2022; 10:4456-4482. [PMID: 35433007 PMCID: PMC8944257 DOI: 10.1039/d1tc04028f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has seen a surge of interest in the emissive behaviour of copper(i) coordination compounds, both neutral compounds that may have applications in organic light-emitting doides (OLEDs) and copper-based ionic transition metal complexes (Cu-iTMCs) with potential use in light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). One of the most exciting features of copper(i) coordination compounds is their possibility to exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in which the energy separation of the excited singlet (S1) and excited triplet (T1) states is very small, permitting intersystem crossing (ISC) and reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) to occur at room temperature without the requirement for the large spin-orbit coupling inferred by the presence of a heavy metal such as iridium. In this review, we focus mainly in Cu-iTMCs, and illustrate how the field of luminescent compounds and those exhibiting TADF has developed. Copper(i) coordination compounds that class as Cu-iTMCs include those containing four-coordinate [Cu(P^P)(N^N)]+ (P^P = large-bite angle bisphosphane, and N^N is typically a diimine), [Cu(P)2(N^N)]+ (P = monodentate phosphane ligand), [Cu(P)(tripodal-N3)]+, [Cu(P)(N^N)(N)]+ (N = monodentate N-donor ligand), [Cu(P^P)(N^S)]+ (N^S = chelating N,S-donor ligand), [Cu(P^P)(P^S)]+ (P^S = chelating P,S-donor ligand), [Cu(P^P)(NHC)]+ (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) coordination domains, dinuclear complexes with P^P and N^N ligands, three-coordinate [Cu(N^N)(NHC)]+ and two-coordinate [Cu(N)(NHC)]+ complexes. We pay particular attention to solid-state structural features, e.g. π-stacking interactions and other inter-ligand interactions, which may impact on photoluminescence quantum yields. Where emissive Cu-iTMCs have been tested in LECs, we detail the device architectures, and this emphasizes differences which make it difficult to compare LEC performances from different investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Housecroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058-Basel Switzerland
| | - Edwin C Constable
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058-Basel Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ju P, Huang Q, Zhang R, Chen JL, Zhao F, Liu SJ, Wen HR. A tricolor-switchable stimuli-responsive luminescent binuclear Cu( i) complex with switchable NH⋯O interactions. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00359g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Blue-green-yellow tricolor luminescence conversion is attributed to the loss and recovery of CH2Cl2 solvent molecules and the destruction and restoration of the orderly packing array caused by the breaking and rebuilding of NH⋯O hydrogen bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ju
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Materials, Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Qin Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Materials, Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Materials, Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Lin Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Materials, Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P.R. China
| | - Sui-Jun Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Materials, Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - He-Rui Wen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Materials, Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Artem'ev AV, Demyanov YV, Rakhmanova MI, Bagryanskaya IY. Pyridylarsine-based Cu(I) complexes showing TADF mixed with fast phosphorescence: a speeding-up emission rate using arsine ligands. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:1048-1055. [PMID: 34935846 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03759e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Can arsine ligands be preferred over similar phosphines to design Cu(I)-based TADF materials? The present study reveals that arsines can indeed be superior to reach shorter decay times of Cu(I) emitters. This has been exemplified on a series of bis(2-pyridyl)phenylarsine-based complexes [Cu2(Py2AsPh)2X2] (X = Cl, Br, and I), the emission decay times of which are significantly shorter (2-9 μs at 300 K) than those of their phosphine analogs [Cu2(Py2PPh)2X2] (5-33 μs). This effect is caused by two factors: (i) large ΔE(S1-T1) gaps of the arsine complexes (1100-1345 cm-1), thereby phosphorescence is admixed with TADF at 300 K, thus reducing the total emission decay time compared to the TADF-only process by 5-28%; (ii) higher SOC strength of arsenic (ζl = 1202 cm-1) against phosphorus (ζl = 230 cm-1) makes the kr(T1 → S0) rate of the Cu(I)-arsine complexes by 1.3 to 4.2 times faster than that of their phosphine analogs. It is also noteworthy that the TADF/phosphorescence ratio for [Cu2(Py2AsPh)2X2] at 300 K is halogen-regulated and varies in the order: Cl (1 : 1) < Br (3 : 1) ≈ I (3.5 : 1). These findings provide a new insight into the future design of dual-mode (TADF + phosphorescence) emissive materials with reduced lifetimes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Artem'ev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
| | - Yan V Demyanov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
| | - Marianna I Rakhmanova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
| | - Irina Yu Bagryanskaya
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, SB RAS, 9, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Farias G, Salla CAM, Toigo J, Duarte LGTA, Bortoluzzi AJ, Girotto E, Gallardo H, Atvars TDZ, de Souza B, Bechtold IH. Enhancing the phosphorescence decay pathway of Cu(I) emitters - the role of copper-iodide moiety. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:1008-1018. [PMID: 34935838 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Speeding up the phosphorescence channel in luminescent copper(I) complexes has been extremely challenging due to the copper atoms relatively low spin-orbit coupling constant compared to heavier metals such as iridium. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of three mononuclear copper(I) complexes with diimines, triphenylphosphine, and iodide ligands to evaluate the effect of the copper-iodide (Cu-I) moiety into the phosphorescence decay pathway. Temperature-dependent photophysical studies revealed combined thermally activated delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence emission, with a phosphorescence decay rate of the order of 104 s-1. Density functional theory calculations indicate very high spin-orbit coupling matrix elements between the low-lying states of these complexes. Compared to the classical [Cu(phen)(POP)]+, our results demonstrate that Cu-I is a versatile moiety to speed up the phosphorescence decay pathway in about one order of magnitude, and it can be prepared by a simplified synthetic route with few synthetic steps. Furthermore, the SOC matrix elements and the phosphorescence decay rates of these complexes are comparable to those of extensively applied coordination complexes based on heavier metals, making them a promising alternative as active layers of organic light-emitting diodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giliandro Farias
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Cristian A M Salla
- Physics Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Toigo
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | | | - Adailton J Bortoluzzi
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Edivandro Girotto
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Hugo Gallardo
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | | | - Bernardo de Souza
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Ivan H Bechtold
- Physics Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Highly phosphorescent dinuclear Cu(I) complexes with iminephosphine tetradentate chelating ligand (PNNP): Structures and luminescence properties. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.109011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
23
|
Cheng G, Zhou D, Monkowius U, Yersin H. Fabrication of a Solution-Processed White Light Emitting Diode Containing a Single Dimeric Copper(I) Emitter Featuring Combined TADF and Phosphorescence. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1500. [PMID: 34945348 PMCID: PMC8703954 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent copper(I) complexes showing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) have developed to attractive emitter materials for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, we study the brightly luminescent dimer Cu2Cl2(P∩N)2 (P∩N = diphenylphosphanyl-6-methyl-pyridine), which shows both TADF and phosphorescence at ambient temperature. A solution-processed OLED with a device structure ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PYD2: Cu2Cl2(P∩N)2/DPEPO (10 nm)/TPBi (40 nm)/LiF (1.2 nm)/Al (100 nm) shows warm white emission with moderate external quantum efficiency (EQE). Methods for EQE increase strategies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China;
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong, China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Dongling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Uwe Monkowius
- School of Education, Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Hartmut Yersin
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Morales-Guevara R, Fuentes JA, Paez-Hernández D, Carreño A. The role of substituted pyridine Schiff bases as ancillary ligands in the optical properties of a new series of fac-rhenium(i) tricarbonyl complexes: a theoretical view. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37181-37193. [PMID: 35496390 PMCID: PMC9043815 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05737e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, luminescent Re(i) tricarbonyl complexes have been increasingly proposed as fluorophores suitable for fluorescence microscopy to visualize biological structures and cells. In this sense, incorporating an asymmetrical pyridine Schiff base (PSB) as the ancillary ligand strongly modifies the staining and luminescent properties of Re(i) tricarbonyl complexes. In this work, we analyzed two series of Re(i) tricarbonyl complexes with their respective PSB ligands: (1) fac-[Re(CO)3(2,2'-bpy)(PSB)]1+ and (2) fac-[Re(CO)3(4,4'-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,2'-bpy)(PSB)]1+, where the PSB exhibits substitutions at positions 4 or 6 in the phenolic ring with methyl or halogen substituents. Thus, we performed computational relativistic DFT and TDDFT studies to determine their optical properties. The ten complexes analyzed showed absorption in the visible light range. Furthermore, our analyses, including zero-field splitting (ZFS), allowed us to determine that the low-lying excited state locates below the 3LLCT states. Interestingly, seven of the ten analyzed complexes, whose corresponding PSB harbors an intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB), exhibited luminescent emission that could be suitable for biological purposes: large Stokes shift, emission in the range 600-700 nm and τ in the order of 10-2 to 10-3 s. Conversely, the three complexes lacking the IHB due to two halogen substituents in the corresponding PSB showed a predicted emission with the lowest triplet excited state energy entering the NIR region. The main differences in the complexes' photophysical behavior have been explained by the energy gap law and time-resolved luminescence. These results emphasize the importance of choosing suitable substituents at the 4 and 6 positions in the phenolic ring of the PSB, which determine the presence of the IHB since they modulate the luminescence properties of the Re(i) core. Therefore, this study could predict Re(i) tricarbonyl complexes' properties, considering the desired emission features for biological and other applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaly Morales-Guevara
- Universidad Andres Bello, Programa de Doctorado en Físicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Santiago Chile
- Laboratory of Organometallic Synthesis, Center of Applied NanoSciences (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello República 330 Santiago Chile
| | - Juan A Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello República 330 Santiago Chile
| | - Dayán Paez-Hernández
- Universidad Andres Bello, Programa de Doctorado en Físicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Santiago Chile
- Laboratory of Organometallic Synthesis, Center of Applied NanoSciences (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello República 330 Santiago Chile
| | - Alexander Carreño
- Universidad Andres Bello, Programa de Doctorado en Físicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Santiago Chile
- Laboratory of Organometallic Synthesis, Center of Applied NanoSciences (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello República 330 Santiago Chile
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Luminescent [Cu8I8L6] wheel and [Cu2I2L3] cage assembled from CuI and 3,6-bis(diphenylphosphino)pyridazine. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
26
|
Li M, Cheng Z, Wang X, Yu Z, Zhou M, Miao H, Zhaxi W, Huang W, Ma X, Chen Q, Jiang S, Zhang Q, Wu D. Negative/Zero Thermal Quenching of Luminescence via Electronic Structural Transition in Copper-Iodide Cluster-Based Coordination Networks. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8237-8245. [PMID: 34423984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescence (PL) intensity in organic or metal-organic emitters usually suffers from thermal quenching (TQ), which severely hinders their industrial applications. The development of negative thermal quenching (NTQ) and/or zero thermal quenching (ZTQ) materials depends on a better understanding of the mechanisms underpinning TQ in luminescent solids. In this work, we investigated the temperature dependence of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in copper(I)-organic coordination polymers (CP) ligated with an imidazole or triazole derivative over a broad temperature range. The efficient PL emission of CP1 is heavily quenched as the crystalline samples are cooled to 77 K; the PL intensity shows the NTQ effect in the region of 77-238 K followed by a ZTQ effect in the temperature range of 238-318 K. No NTQ or ZTQ effect is observed for reference coordination polymer CP2, where the 1,2,4-triazole group was used instead of the imidazole one. Our work highlights the important role of the ligand's electronic structure in optimizing photophysical properties of coordination polymer emitters and may stimulate new efforts to design luminescent materials exhibiting NTQ and ZTQ effect at higher temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Zongsu Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Mingren Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Huixian Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Wenjiang Zhaxi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Qun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Shenlong Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Dayu Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Toigo J, Farias G, Salla CAM, Duarte LGTA, Bortoluzzi AJ, Zambon Atvars TD, Souza B, Bechtold IH. Speeding‐up Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in Cu(I) Complexes Using Aminophosphine Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Toigo
- Chemistry Department Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Giliandro Farias
- Chemistry Department Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Cristian A. M. Salla
- Physics Department Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | | | - Adailton J. Bortoluzzi
- Chemistry Department Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | | | - Bernardo Souza
- Chemistry Department Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Ivan H. Bechtold
- Physics Department Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vinogradova KA, Shekhovtsov NA, Berezin AS, Sukhikh TS, Rogovoy MI, Artem'ev AV, Bushuev MB. Coordination-induced emission enhancement in copper(I) iodide coordination polymers supported by 2-(alkylsulfanyl)pyrimidines. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9317-9330. [PMID: 34132730 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00826a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
First examples of copper(i) complexes with 2-(alkylsulfanyl)pyrimidine ligands have been synthesized. Reactions of copper(i) iodide with 2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidine (L1) in various metal-to-ligand molar ratios in MeCN afford a ladder-type coordination polymer [Cu2L1I2]n with polymeric chains built from double-stranded (Cu2I2)n ribbons supported on both sides by μ2-N,S-L1 molecules. Although the second ligand, 2-(ethylsulfanyl)pyrimidine (L2), differs from L1 only by a methylene group, its reactions with copper(i) iodide in MeCN yield not only a congenerous coordination polymer, [Cu2L2I2]n, but also [CuL2I]n, in which a similar (Cu2I2)n ribbon is decorated by N-monodentate L2 molecules. Absorption spectra of all compounds represent an interplay of metal + iodine-to-ligand charge transfer (XMLCT) and ligand-centered (LC) and cluster-centered (CC) transitions, while the emission occurs from the excited states of XMLCT nature. The luminescence of [Cu2L1I2]n and [Cu2L2I2]n is blue-shifted and greatly enhanced in comparison with that of [CuL2I]n (quantum yields: 89% and 68% for [Cu2L1I2]n and [Cu2L2I2]nvs. 23% for [CuL2I]n at 77 K), which can be associated with a more rigid μ2-N,S coordination of 2-(alkylsulfanyl)pyrimidine ligands in [Cu2L1I2]n and [Cu2L2I2]n leading to a less distorted T1 state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina A Vinogradova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Nikita A Shekhovtsov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Alexey S Berezin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Taisiya S Sukhikh
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Maxim I Rogovoy
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Artem'ev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Mark B Bushuev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
P∩N Bridged Cu(I) Dimers Featuring Both TADF and Phosphorescence. From Overview towards Detailed Case Study of the Excited Singlet and Triplet States. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113415. [PMID: 34200044 PMCID: PMC8200198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an overview over eight brightly luminescent Cu(I) dimers of the type Cu2X2(P∩N)3 with X = Cl, Br, I and P∩N = 2-diphenylphosphino-pyridine (Ph2Ppy), 2-diphenylphosphino-pyrimidine (Ph2Ppym), 1-diphenylphosphino-isoquinoline (Ph2Piqn) including three new crystal structures (Cu2Br2(Ph2Ppy)3 1-Br, Cu2I2(Ph2Ppym)3 2-I and Cu2I2(Ph2Piqn)3 3-I). However, we mainly focus on their photo-luminescence properties. All compounds exhibit combined thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and phosphorescence at ambient temperature. Emission color, decay time and quantum yield vary over large ranges. For deeper characterization, we select Cu2I2(Ph2Ppy)3, 1-I, showing a quantum yield of 81%. DFT and SOC-TDDFT calculations provide insight into the electronic structures of the singlet S1 and triplet T1 states. Both stem from metal+iodide-to-ligand charge transfer transitions. Evaluation of the emission decay dynamics, measured from 1.2 ≤ T ≤ 300 K, gives ∆E(S1-T1) = 380 cm−1 (47 meV), a transition rate of k(S1→S0) = 2.25 × 106 s−1 (445 ns), T1 zero-field splittings, transition rates from the triplet substates and spin-lattice relaxation times. We also discuss the interplay of S1-TADF and T1-phosphorescence. The combined emission paths shorten the overall decay time. For OLED applications, utilization of both singlet and triplet harvesting can be highly favorable for improvement of the device performance.
Collapse
|
30
|
Huang CH, Yang M, Chen XL, Lu CZ. Bright bluish-green emitting Cu(I) complexes exhibiting efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5171-5176. [PMID: 33881043 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04424e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Three strongly emissive Cu(i) complexes [Cu(tBupzmpy)(POP)]BF4(1), [Cu(Phpzmpy)(POP)]BF4(2) and [Cu(Adpzmpy)(POP)]BF4(3) (tBupzmpy = 2-(5-(tert-butyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-6-methylpyridine, Phpzmpy = 2-methyl-6-(5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine, Adpzmpy = 2-(5-((3R,5R)-adamantan-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-6-methylpyridine, and POP = bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether) were synthesized and characterized. These complexes exhibit bright bluish-green photoluminescence in the solid state with quantum yields of 91% (1), 71% (2) and 77% (3) and lifetimes of 13.4 μs (1), 32.9 μs (2) and 34.1 μs (3) at room temperature. The results of theoretical calculations, coupled with the temperature dependence of the spectroscopic properties and emission decay behaviors, reveal that the title Cu(i) complexes emit efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) from excited states involving metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transitions and ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT) transitions. The emissive-state characteristics and emission properties of the investigated Cu(i) complexes were tuned effectively by changing the steric and electronic structures of the diimine ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Jimei Road 668, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China. and Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Mingxue Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China and Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Xu-Lin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China and Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Can-Zhong Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Jimei Road 668, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China. and CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China and Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
He TF, Ren AM, Li GH, Qu ZX, Guo JF, Hao XL, Chen YN, Shen L, Zhang YL, Zou LY. Impact of Δ EST on Delayed Fluorescence Rate, Lifetime, and Intensity Ratio of Tetrahedral Cu(I) Complexes: Theoretical Simulation in Solution and Solid Phases. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2232-2244. [PMID: 33635675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Profound understanding of the luminescence mechanism and structure-property relationship is vital for Cu(I) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. Herein, we theoretically simulated luminescent behavior in both solution and solid phases for two Cu(I) complexes and found the following: (i) The strengthened spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect by more dx2-y2 orbital contributions and well-restricted structural distortion via remarkable intramolecular interaction in [Cu(dmp)(POP)]+ enable the emission at room temperature to be a mixture of direct phosphorescence (10%) and TADF (90%). (ii) Benefiting from enhanced steric hindrance and the electron-donating ability of the paracyclophane group, the narrowed S1-T1 energy separation (ΔEST) in [Cu(dmp)(phanephos)]+ accelerates the reverse intersystem crossing, promoting the TADF rate (1.88 × 105 s-1) and intensity ratio (98.3%). These results indicate that the small ΔEST is superior for reducing the lifetime and that the strong SOC stimulates the phosphorescence to compete with TADF, which are both conducive to avoiding collision-induced exciton quenching and reducing the roll-off in devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Fei He
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Min Ren
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Hui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Xing Qu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Fu Guo
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Li Hao
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Nan Chen
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P.R. China
| | - Lu Shen
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Li Zhang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Yi Zou
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cao M, Zhao Y, Gu M, Liu C, Zhu Q, Chen Y, Wei B, Du C, Zhang B. Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Photophysical Properties of Dinuclear Copper(I) Complexes Bearing Diphenylphosphino‐Substituted Benzimidazole Ligands. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Cao
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Microelectronic R&D Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
| | - Mengsi Gu
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Yahui Chen
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Bin Wei
- Microelectronic R&D Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
| | - Chenxia Du
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Busch JM, Koshelev DS, Vashchenko AA, Fuhr O, Nieger M, Utochnikova VV, Bräse S. Various Structural Design Modifications: para-Substituted Diphenylphosphinopyridine Bridged Cu(I) Complexes in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2315-2332. [PMID: 33464050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The well-known system of dinuclear Cu(I) complexes bridged by 2-(diphenylphosphino)pyridine (PyrPhos) derivatives Cu2X2L3 and Cu2X2LP2 (L = bridging ligand, P = ancillary ligand) goes along with endless variation options for tunability. In this work, the influence of substituents and modifications on the phosphine moiety of the NP-bridging ligand was investigated. In previous studies, the location of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the copper complexes of the PyrPhos family was found to be located on the NP-bridging ligand and enabled color tuning in the whole visible spectrum. A multitude of dinuclear Cu(I) complexes based on the triple methylated 2-(bis(4-methylphenyl)phosphino)-4-methylpyridine (Cu-1b-H, Cu-1b-MeO, and Cu-1b-F) up to complexes bearing 2-(bis(4-fluorophenyl)phosphino)pyridine (Cu-6a-H) with electron-withdrawing fluorine atoms over many other variations on the NP-bridging ligands were synthesized. Almost all copper complexes were confirmed via single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Besides theoretical TDDFT-studies of the electronic properties and photophysical measurements, the majority of the phosphino-modified Cu(I) complexes was tested in solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with different heterostructure variations. The best results of the OLED devices were obtained with copper emitter Cu-1b-H in a stack architecture of ITO/PEDOT-PSS (50 nm)/poly-TPD (15 nm)/20 wt % Cu(I) emitter:CBP:TcTA(7:3) (45 nm)/TPBi (30 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al (>100 nm) with a high brightness of 5900 Cd/m2 and a good current efficiency of 3.79 Cd/A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin M Busch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniil S Koshelev
- Faculty of Materials Science, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/73 Leninskye Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano-Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems, IBCS-FMS, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Paderina AV, Koshevoy IO, Grachova EV. Keep it tight: a crucial role of bridging phosphine ligands in the design and optical properties of multinuclear coinage metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6003-6033. [PMID: 33913991 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Copper subgroup metal ions in the +1 oxidation state are classical candidates for aggregation via non-covalent metal-metal interactions, which are supported by a number of bridging ligands. The bridging phosphines, soft donors with a relatively labile coordination to coinage metals, serve as convenient and essential components of the ligand environment that allow for efficient self-assembly of discrete polynuclear aggregates. Simultaneously, accessible and rich modification of the organic spacer of such P-donors has been used to generate many fascinating structures with attractive photoluminescent behavior. In this work we consider the development of di- and polynuclear complexes of M(i) (M = Cu, Ag, Au) and their photophysical properties, focusing on the effect of phosphine bridging ligands, their flexibility and denticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra V Paderina
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Igor O Koshevoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Elena V Grachova
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shamsieva AV, Musina EI, Gerasimova TP, Strelnik ID, Strelnik AG, Kolesnikov IE, Kalinichev AA, Islamov DR, Samigullina AI, Lönnecke P, Katsyuba SA, Hey-Hawkins E, Karasik AA, Sinyashin OG. Triple-bridged helical binuclear copper(i) complexes: Head-to-head and head-to-tail isomerism and the solid-state luminescence. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:11997-12008. [PMID: 32812965 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01843k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A family of helical dinuclear copper(i) pyridylphospholane complexes [Cu2L3X]X (X = BF4-, Cl- and Br-) was prepared. The family includes the first examples of this type of complex based on copper(i) chloride and copper(i) bromide. The two isomers typical of this class of compounds, namely head-to-head and head-to-tail complexes, were studied in solution by spectroscopic and optical methods, and in the solid state by X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the solid-state luminescence of the complexes at different temperatures was studied, and the results were interpreted using quantum-chemical calculations. It was shown that the luminescence of the complexes is attributed to the 3(M + X)LCT transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliia V Shamsieva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
He TF, Ren AM, Chen YN, Hao XL, Shen L, Zhang BH, Wu TS, Zhang HX, Zou LY. Molecular-Level Insight of Cu(I) Complexes with the 7,8-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-7,8-dicarba- nido-undecaborate Ligand as a Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter: Luminescent Mechanism and Design Strategy. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12039-12053. [PMID: 32786269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the clear structure-property relationship and microscopic mechanism of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters with high emission quantum yield is a direction worthy of continuous efforts. The instructive theoretical principle of TADF material design is critical and challenging. Here, we carried out theoretical calculation on two experimental Cu(I) complexes with the same 7,8-bis(diphenylphosphino)-7,8-dicarba-nido-undecaborate (dppnc) but different N^N ligands [dmbpy = 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (1) or dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (2)] to briefly elaborate the structure-TADF performance relationship and luminescence mechanism. It was found that enhanced rigidity by the fused benzene ring between two pyridyl units in complex 2 leads to (i) higher allowedness of S1 → S0, (ii) more effective reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), and (iii) better relative stability of the T1 state, which could be responsible for its excellent TADF behavior. Thus, a strategy of extending π conjugation in the N^N ligand could be deduced to further enhance the quantum yield. We validated it and have succeeded in designing analogue complex 4 by extending π conjugation with an electron-withdrawing pyrazinyl. Benefiting from the smaller energy gap (ΔEST) and plunged reorganization energy between the S1 and T1 states, the rate of RISC in complex 4 (1.05 × 108 s-1) increased 2 orders of magnitude relative to that of 2 (5.80 × 106 s-1), showing more superiority of the TADF behavior through a better balance of RISC, fluorescence, and phosphorescence decay. Meanwhile, the thermally activated temperature of 4 is only 165 K, implying that there is a low-energy barrier. All of these indicate that the designed complex 4 may be a potential TADF candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Fei He
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Min Ren
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Nan Chen
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Li Hao
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - Lu Shen
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Hua Zhang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - Tong-Shun Wu
- Centre for Advanced Analytical Science, c/o School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Yi Zou
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Eng J, Penfold TJ. Understanding and Designing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters: Beyond the Energy Gap Approximation. CHEM REC 2020; 20:831-856. [PMID: 32267093 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this article recent progress in the development of molecules exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) is discussed with a particular focus upon their application as emitters in highly efficient organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The key aspects controlling the desirable functional properties, e. g. fast intersystem crossing, high radiative rate and unity quantum yield, are introduced with a particular focus upon the competition between the key requirements needed to achieve high performance OLEDs. The design rules required for organic and metal organic materials are discussed, and the correlation between them outlined. Recent progress towards understanding the influence of the interaction between a molecule and its environment are explained as is the role of the mechanism for excited state formation in OLEDs. Finally, all of these aspects are combined to discuss the ability to implement high level design rules for achieving higher quality materials for commercial applications. This article highlights the significant progress that has been made in recent years, but also outlines the significant challenges which persist to achieve a full understanding of the TADF mechanism and improve the stability and performance of these materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Eng
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Thomas J Penfold
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xing LR, Lu Z, Li M, Zheng J, Li D. Revealing High-Lying Intersystem Crossing in Brightly Luminescent Cyclic Trinuclear Cu I/Ag I Complexes. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2067-2073. [PMID: 32083873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increased attention to luminescent copper(I) complexes, mostly mononuclear and dinuclear ones, in the past few years was mainly due to the new pathways established in the intersystem crossing (ISC) for highly efficient singlet/triplet harvesting, which showed great potential in light-emitting devices. Governing the photophysical processes of planar cyclic trinuclear complexes is more challenging owing to the rich intra- and intermolecular metal-metal interactions involved, but new opportunities also accompany this. Herein reported is a hidden route to the ultra-long-lived, highly efficient phosphorescence of cyclic trinuclear two-coordinate CuI-pyrazolate complexes through pushing the unfavorable metal-to-ligand charge transfer events to the high-lying ISC pathways. Moreover, an anomaly of much higher quantum yields of a trinuclear AgI-pyrazolate complex relative to its CuI analogue is observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rui Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Lu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Ji Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Li TY, Muthiah Ravinson DS, Haiges R, Djurovich PI, Thompson ME. Enhancement of the Luminescent Efficiency in Carbene-Au(I)-Aryl Complexes by the Restriction of Renner–Teller Distortion and Bond Rotation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6158-6172. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-yi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | | | - Ralf Haiges
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Peter I. Djurovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mark E. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Baranov AY, Berezin AS, Samsonenko DG, Mazur AS, Tolstoy PM, Plyusnin VF, Kolesnikov IE, Artem'ev AV. New Cu(i) halide complexes showing TADF combined with room temperature phosphorescence: the balance tuned by halogens. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3155-3163. [PMID: 32083636 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of Cu(i) halide complexes derived from tris(2-pyridyl)phosphine (Py3P), [Cu2(Py3P)2X2] (X = Cl, Br, I), have been synthesized by a straightforward reaction in solution or through a mechanochemical route. At room temperature, the solid complexes exhibit bright dual-mode photoluminescence (λmax = 520-550 nm, τ = 14.5-20.0 μs, and ΦPL ≈ 53%), expressed by thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) combined with phosphorescence (PH), originating from 1(M + X)LCT and 3(M + X)LCT excited states, respectively. Remarkably, the balance of these radiative processes at 300 K is regulated by halogen atom nature, switching from TADF-assisted phosphorescence to PH-admixed TADF. The emission of [Cu2(Py3P)2Cl2] at 300 K is largely contributed by PH (73%) admixed with the TADF fraction (27%) and [Cu2(Py3P)2Br2] also emits mainly PH (65%) admixed with the larger TADF fraction (35%). Meanwhile, for [Cu2(Py3P)2I2], the TADF channel becomes dominating (61%) and PH contribution drops to 39%. The photophysical study corroborated by (TD)DFT computations has revealed that this effect arises mainly from the narrowing of the ΔE(S1 - T1) gap of the [Cu2(Py3P)2X2] complexes in the order Cl (1500 cm-1) > Br (1250 cm-1) > I (1000 cm-1) which facilitates the TADF pathway and suppresses PH in the same order.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Yu Baranov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexey S Berezin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
| | - Denis G Samsonenko
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
| | - Anton S Mazur
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Russian Federation
| | - Peter M Tolstoy
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Russian Federation
| | - Viktor F Plyusnin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya str. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation and Novosibirsk State University (National Research University), 2, Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya E Kolesnikov
- Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research, Saint Petersburg State University, Ulianovskaya, 5, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Artem'ev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li G, Zhu D, Wang X, Su Z, Bryce MR. Dinuclear metal complexes: multifunctional properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:765-838. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00660a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dinuclear metal complexes have enabled breakthroughs in OLEDs, photocatalytic water splitting and CO2reduction, DSPEC, chemosensors, biosensors, PDT and smart materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Dongxia Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Xinlong Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Elistratova J, Faizullin B, Dayanova I, Strelnik I, Strelnik A, Gerasimova T, Fayzullin R, Babaev V, Khrizanforov M, Budnikova Y, Musina E, Katsyuba S, Karasik A, Mustafina A, Sinyashin O. Reversible temperature-responsible emission in solutions within 293–333 K produced by dissociative behavior of multinuclear Cu(I) complexes with aminomethylphosphines. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
43
|
Luminescent Cu(I) and Ag(I) coordination polymers: Fast phosphorescence or thermally activated delayed fluorescence. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
44
|
Data P, Takeda Y. Recent Advancements in and the Future of Organic Emitters: TADF- and RTP-Active Multifunctional Organic Materials. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1613-1636. [PMID: 30609306 PMCID: PMC6590235 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Organic emitting compounds that are based on π-conjugated skeletons have emerged as promising next-generation materials for application in optoelectronic devices. In this Minireview, recent advances in the development of organic emitters that irradiate room-temperature phosphorescence and/or thermally activated delayed fluorescence with extraordinary luminescence properties, such as aggregation-induced emission, mechanochromic luminescence, and circularly polarized luminescence, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Data
- Faculty of ChemistrySilesian University of TechnologyM. Strzody 944-100GliwicePoland
- Center of Polymer and Carbon MaterialsPolish Academy of SciencesM. Curie-Sklodowskiej 3441-819ZabrzePoland
| | - Youhei Takeda
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversityYamadaoka 2-1SuitaOsaka5650871Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li X, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Yu X, Li P, Yao Y, Liu Z, Jin Q, Bian Z, Lu Z, Huang C. Bluish-Green Cu(I) Dimers Chelated with Thiophene Ring-Introduced Diphosphine Ligands for Both Singlet and Triplet Harvesting in OLEDs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:3262-3270. [PMID: 30608118 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two new Cu(I) dimers chelated with thiophene ring-introduced diphosphine ligands [Cu(μ2-I)dppt1]2 and [Cu(μ2-I)dppt2]2 (dppt1 = 3,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)thiophene, dppt2 = 2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)thiophene) have been prepared and studied in terms of photoluminescence and electroluminescence properties. Both dimers exhibited two independent radiative decay pathways, which are equilibrated thermally at room temperature: one is thermally activated delay fluorescence (TADF) via the first singlet excited state (S1) decay and the other is phosphorescence via the first triplet excited state (T1) decay. The dual emission mechanism for both singlet and triplet harvesting, as well as excellent photoluminescence properties such as bluish-green emission color (487 and 483 nm), short decay times (9.46 and 7.62 μs), and high photoluminescence quantum yields (69% and 86%) of the two Cu(I) dimers, implies their potential to be highly efficient emitter molecules for organic light emitting diode (OLED) applications. As a result, the optimized OLEDs with [Cu(μ2-I)dppt2]2 showed the highest efficiency, exhibiting a current efficiency up to 32.2 cd A-1, a peak brightness of 3.67 × 103 cd m-2, as well as a maximum external quantum efficiency of 14.5%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China
- Department of Chemistry , Capital Normal University , Beijing , 100048 , China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , M5G 3E4 , Canada
| | - Juanye Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China
- Department of Chemistry , Capital Normal University , Beijing , 100048 , China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , M5G 3E4 , Canada
| | - Zifeng Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China
- Department of Chemistry , Capital Normal University , Beijing , 100048 , China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , M5G 3E4 , Canada
| | - Xiao Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China
- Department of Chemistry , Capital Normal University , Beijing , 100048 , China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , M5G 3E4 , Canada
| | - Peicheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China
- Department of Chemistry , Capital Normal University , Beijing , 100048 , China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , M5G 3E4 , Canada
| | - Yuhang Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China
- Department of Chemistry , Capital Normal University , Beijing , 100048 , China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , M5G 3E4 , Canada
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China
- Department of Chemistry , Capital Normal University , Beijing , 100048 , China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , M5G 3E4 , Canada
| | - Qionghua Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China
- Department of Chemistry , Capital Normal University , Beijing , 100048 , China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , M5G 3E4 , Canada
| | - Zuqiang Bian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China
- Department of Chemistry , Capital Normal University , Beijing , 100048 , China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , M5G 3E4 , Canada
| | - Zhenghong Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China
- Department of Chemistry , Capital Normal University , Beijing , 100048 , China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , M5G 3E4 , Canada
| | - Chunhui Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China
- Department of Chemistry , Capital Normal University , Beijing , 100048 , China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , M5G 3E4 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jia JH, Chen XL, Liao JZ, Liang D, Yang MX, Yu R, Lu CZ. Highly luminescent copper(i) halide complexes chelated with a tetradentate ligand (PNNP): synthesis, structure, photophysical properties and theoretical studies. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:1418-1426. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03452d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Strongly emissive copper(i) halide complexes constructed from a new tetradentate chelating ligand and butterfly-shaped Cu2X2 cores are presented and systematically investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
| | - Xu-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
| | - Jian-Zhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
| | - Dong Liang
- Xiamen Institute of Rare-earth Materials
- Haixi Institutes
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xiamen 361021
- China
| | - Ming-Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
| | - Can-Zhong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Vacher A, Amar A, Camerel F, Molard Y, Latouche C, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Boucekkine A, Akdas-Kiliç H, Achard M. Modulation of emission properties of phosphine-sulfonate ligand containing copper complexes: playing with solvato-, thermo-, and mechanochromism. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2128-2134. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04502j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of Cuprous and Cuprate(i) complexes have been selectively obtained by addition of solvents or metal salts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Vacher
- Univ Rennes
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes—UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Anissa Amar
- Département de Chimie
- Faculté des Sciences
- Université Mouloud Mammeri
- Alger
- Algeria
| | - Franck Camerel
- Univ Rennes
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes—UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Yann Molard
- Univ Rennes
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes—UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Camille Latouche
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN)
- Université de Nantes
- CNRS
- 44322 Nantes
- France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ Rennes
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes—UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Univ Rennes
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes—UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Abdou Boucekkine
- Univ Rennes
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes—UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Huriye Akdas-Kiliç
- Univ Rennes
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes—UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Mathieu Achard
- Univ Rennes
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes—UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Osawa M, Yamayoshi H, Hoshino M, Tanaka Y, Akita M. Luminescence color alteration induced by trapped solvent molecules in crystals of tetrahedral gold(i) complexes: near-unity luminescence mixed with thermally activated delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9094-9103. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01373c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Emission color alteration caused by captured solvent molecules in the crystal lattice of tetrahedral gold(i) complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahisa Osawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Nippon Institute of Technology
- Saitama
- Japan
| | - Hiroto Yamayoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Nippon Institute of Technology
- Saitama
- Japan
| | - Mikio Hoshino
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Nippon Institute of Technology
- Saitama
- Japan
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology R1-27
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology R1-27
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Schinabeck A, Rau N, Klein M, Sundermeyer J, Yersin H. Deep blue emitting Cu(i) tripod complexes. Design of high quantum yield materials showing TADF-assisted phosphorescence. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:17067-17076. [PMID: 30465052 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04093a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In a previous investigation, it was shown that [Cu(tpym)(PPh3)]PF61 with tpym = tris(2-pyridyl)methane represents a deep blue emitter (λmax = 466 nm) though with a low emission quantum yield ΦPL if doped in a polymer (7%) or dissolved in a fluid solvent (≪1%). In this study, we present new tripod compounds with sterically demanding ligands: [Cu(tpym)(P(o-tol)3)]PF62 and [Cu(tpym)(P(o-butyl-ph)3)]PF63 with P(o-tol)3 = tris(ortho-tolyl)phosphine and P(o-butyl-ph)3 = tris(ortho-n-butylphenyl)phosphine. These compounds show high emission quantum yields even in a fluid solution (dichloromethane) reaching a benchmark value for 3 of ΦPL = 76%. This becomes possible due to the specific design of rigidifying the complexes. Importantly, the deep blue emission color is maintained or even further blue shifted to λmax = 452 nm (compound 3 powder). Compound 2 is characterized photophysically in detail. In particular, it is shown that the lowest excited triplet state T1 experiences very efficient spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Accordingly, the phosphorescence decay rate is as large as 5 × 104 s-1 (20 μs) belonging to the fastest T1→ S0 transition values (shortest decay times) reported so far. Investigations down to T = 1.5 K reveal a large total zero-field splitting (ZFS) of 7 cm-1 (0.9 meV). Although thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) grows in at T≥ 160 K, the phosphorescence of 2 still dominates (60%) over TADF (40%) at ambient temperature. Thus, the compound represents a singlet harvesting-plus-triplet harvesting material, if applied in an OLED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schinabeck
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas Rau
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften WZMW, Hans Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Marius Klein
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften WZMW, Hans Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften WZMW, Hans Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Yersin
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Evariste S, Khalil AM, Moussa ME, Chan AKW, Hong EYH, Wong HL, Le Guennic B, Calvez G, Costuas K, Yam VWW, Lescop C. Adaptive Coordination-Driven Supramolecular Syntheses toward New Polymetallic Cu(I) Luminescent Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12521-12526. [PMID: 30049208 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) tetrametallic Cu(I) metallacycle A behaves as a conformationally adaptive preorganized precursor to afford, through straightforward and rational coordination-driven supramolecular processes, a variety of room-temperature solid-state luminescent polymetallic assemblies. Reacting various cyano-based building blocks with A, a homometallic Cu(I) 1D-helical coordination polymer C and Cu8M discrete circular heterobimetallic assemblies DM (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) are obtained. Their luminescence behaviors are studied, revealing notably the crucial impact of the spin-orbit coupling offered by the central M metal center on the photophysical properties of the heterobimetallic DM derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sloane Evariste
- CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, INSA Rennes , Université de Rennes , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Ali Moustafa Khalil
- CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, INSA Rennes , Université de Rennes , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Mehdi Elsayed Moussa
- CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, INSA Rennes , Université de Rennes , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Alan Kwun-Wa Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials [Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)] and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong 999077 , P.R. China
| | - Eugene Yau-Hin Hong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials [Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)] and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong 999077 , P.R. China
| | - Hok-Lai Wong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials [Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)] and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong 999077 , P.R. China
| | - Boris Le Guennic
- CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, INSA Rennes , Université de Rennes , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Guillaume Calvez
- CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, INSA Rennes , Université de Rennes , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Karine Costuas
- CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, INSA Rennes , Université de Rennes , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials [Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)] and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong 999077 , P.R. China
| | - Christophe Lescop
- CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, INSA Rennes , Université de Rennes , F-35000 Rennes , France
| |
Collapse
|