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Danilović D, Nahon L, Garcia GA, Milosavljević AR, Vukmirović N, Dojčilović R, Tošić D, Djoković V, Božanić DK. Velocity Map Imaging Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Silver Iodide Aerosol Particles. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400328. [PMID: 38804589 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The valence band electronic structure of isolated silver iodide nanoparticles (AgI NP) was investigated by vacuum-ultraviolet aerosol photoelectron spectroscopy using the velocity map imaging technique (VUV VMI-PES). The VUV VMI-PES results were obtained for polydisperse aerosol produced by aggregation of hydrocolloid of silver iodide particles 8-15 nm in size. The ionization energy of the AgI particles was found to be 6.0±0.1 eV with respect to the vacuum level. The DFT calculations showed that the main contribution to the density of AgI electronic states in the valence region originates from I 5p orbitals. The dependence of the asymmetry parameter on the electron energy showed that the value of the characteristic energy loss of excited photoelectrons was 2.7 eV, which coincided with the band gap of the nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Danilović
- Center of Excellence for Photoconversion, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Laurent Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL St. Aubin, BP48, 91192, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Gustavo A Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL St. Aubin, BP48, 91192, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - Nenad Vukmirović
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica118, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radovan Dojčilović
- Center of Excellence for Photoconversion, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Tošić
- Center of Excellence for Photoconversion, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Djoković
- Center of Excellence for Photoconversion, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan K Božanić
- Center of Excellence for Photoconversion, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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Preger C, Rissler J, Kivimäki A, Eriksson AC, Walsh N. A versatile sample-delivery system for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of in-flight aerosols and free nanoparticles at MAX IV Laboratory. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:1382-1392. [PMID: 39110676 PMCID: PMC11371056 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577524005411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Aerosol science is of utmost importance for both climate and public health research, and in recent years X-ray techniques have proven effective tools for aerosol-particle characterization. To date, such methods have often involved the study of particles collected onto a substrate, but a high photon flux may cause radiation damage to such deposited particles and volatile components can potentially react with the surrounding environment after sampling. These and many other factors make studies on collected aerosol particles challenging. Therefore, a new aerosol sample-delivery system dedicated to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of aerosol particles and gas molecules in-flight has been developed at the MAX IV Laboratory. The aerosol particles are brought from atmospheric pressure to vacuum in a continuous flow, ensuring that the sample is constantly renewed, thus avoiding radiation damage, and allowing measurements on the true unsupported aerosol. At the same time, available gas molecules can be used for energy calibration and to study gas-particle partitioning. The design features of the aerosol sample-delivery system and important information on the operation procedures are described in detail here. Furthermore, to demonstrate the experimental range of the aerosol sample-delivery system, results from aerosol particles of different shape, size and composition are presented, including inorganic atmospheric aerosols, secondary organic aerosols and engineered nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Preger
- Ergonomics and Aerosol TechnologyLund UniversityBox 118221 00LundSweden
- MAX IV LaboratoryLund UniversityBox 118221 00LundSweden
- NanoLundLund UniversityBox 118221 00LundSweden
| | - J. Rissler
- Ergonomics and Aerosol TechnologyLund UniversityBox 118221 00LundSweden
- NanoLundLund UniversityBox 118221 00LundSweden
- RISE Research Institutes of SwedenScheelevägen 17223 70LundSweden
| | - A. Kivimäki
- MAX IV LaboratoryLund UniversityBox 118221 00LundSweden
| | - A. C. Eriksson
- Ergonomics and Aerosol TechnologyLund UniversityBox 118221 00LundSweden
- NanoLundLund UniversityBox 118221 00LundSweden
| | - N. Walsh
- MAX IV LaboratoryLund UniversityBox 118221 00LundSweden
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3
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Pelimanni E, Saak CM, Michailoudi G, Prisle N, Huttula M, Patanen M. Solvent and cosolute dependence of Mg surface enrichment in submicron aerosol particles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2934-2943. [PMID: 35060587 PMCID: PMC8809137 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04953d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The formation of multicomponent aerosol particles from precursor solution droplets often involves segregation and surface enrichment of the different solutes, resulting in non-homogeneous particle structures and diverse morphologies. In particular, these effects can have a significant influence on the chemical composition of the particle-vapor interface. In this work, we investigate the bulk/surface partitioning of inorganic ions, Na+, Mg2 +, Ca2 +, Cl- and Br-, in atomiser-generated submicron aerosols using synchrotron radiation based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Specifically, the chemical compositions of the outermost few nm thick surface layers of non-supported MgCl2/CaCl2 and NaBr/MgBr2 particles are determined. It is found that in MgCl2/CaCl2 particles, the relative abundance of the two species in the particle surface correlates well with their mixing ratio in the parent aqueous solution. In stark contrast, extreme surface enrichment of Mg2 + is observed in NaBr/MgBr2 particles formed from both aqueous and organic solution droplets, indicative of core-shell structures. Structural properties and hydration state of the particles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eetu Pelimanni
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, Box 3000, 90014, Finland.
| | - Clara-Magdalena Saak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Vienna, Department of Physical Chemistry, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georgia Michailoudi
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, Box 3000, 90014, Finland.
| | - Nønne Prisle
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, Box 3000, 90014, Finland.
- Center for Atmospheric Research, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 4500, 90014, Finland
| | - Marko Huttula
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, Box 3000, 90014, Finland.
| | - Minna Patanen
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, Box 3000, 90014, Finland.
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Hills‐Kimball K, Yang H, Cai T, Wang J, Chen O. Recent Advances in Ligand Design and Engineering in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2100214. [PMID: 34194945 PMCID: PMC8224438 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals (NCs) have recently garnered enhanced development efforts from research disciplines owing to their superior optical and optoelectronic properties. These materials, however, are unlike conventional quantum dots, because they possess strong ionic character, labile ligand coverage, and overall stability issues. As a result, the system as a whole is highly dynamic and can be affected by slight changes of particle surface environment. Specifically, the surface ligand shell of LHP NCs has proven to play imperative roles throughout the lifetime of a LHP NC. Recent advances in engineering and understanding the roles of surface ligand shells from initial synthesis, through postsynthetic processing and device integration, finally to application performances of colloidal LHP NCs are covered here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanjun Yang
- Department of ChemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRI02912USA
| | - Tong Cai
- Department of ChemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRI02912USA
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of ChemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRI02912USA
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of ChemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRI02912USA
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5
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Hadidi R, Božanić DK, Ganjitabar H, Garcia GA, Powis I, Nahon L. Conformer-dependent vacuum ultraviolet photodynamics and chiral asymmetries in pure enantiomers of gas phase proline. Commun Chem 2021; 4:72. [PMID: 36697576 PMCID: PMC9814706 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Proline is a unique amino-acid, with a secondary amine fixed within a pyrrolidine ring providing specific structural properties to proline-rich biopolymers. Gas-phase proline possesses four main H-bond stabilized conformers differing by the ring puckering and carboxylic acid orientation. The latter defines two classes of conformation, whose large ionization energy difference allows a unique conformer-class tagging via electron spectroscopy. Photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) is an intense chiroptical effect sensitive to molecular structures, hence theorized to be highly conformation-dependent. Here, we present experimental evidence of an intense and striking conformer-specific PECD, measured in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization of proline, as well as a conformer-dependent cation fragmentation behavior. This finding, combined with theoretical modeling, allows a refinement of the conformational landscape and energetic ordering, that proves inaccessible to current molecular electronic structure calculations. Additionally, astrochemical implications regarding a possible link of PECD to the origin of life's homochirality are considered in terms of plausible temperature constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Hadidi
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Dušan K Božanić
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
- Department of Radiation Chemistry and Physics, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Hassan Ganjitabar
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gustavo A Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Ivan Powis
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Laurent Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.
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6
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Hartweg S, Garcia GA, Božanić DK, Nahon L. Condensation Effects on Electron Chiral Asymmetries in the Photoionization of Serine: From Free Molecules to Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2385-2393. [PMID: 33660503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Structural changes at the molecular level, occurring at the onset of condensation, can be probed by angle-resolved valence photoelectron spectroscopy, which is inherently sensitive to the electronic structure. For larger condensed systems like aerosol particles, the observation of intrinsic angular anisotropies in photoemission (β parameters) is challenging due to the strong reduction of their magnitude by electron transport effects. Here, we use a less common, more sensitive observable in the form of the chiral asymmetry parameter to perform a comparative study of the VUV photoelectron spectroscopy and photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) between pure gas phase enantiomers of the amino acid serine and their corresponding homochiral nanoparticles. We observe a relatively large (1%) and strongly kinetic energy-dependent asymmetry, discussed in terms of the emergence of local order and conformational changes potentially counterbalancing the loss of angular information due to electron transport scattering. This demonstrates the potential of PECD as a sensitive probe of the condensation effects from the gas phase to bulk-like chiral aerosol particles surpassing the potential of conventional photoemission observables such as β parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hartweg
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192 Cedex, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Gustavo A Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192 Cedex, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Dušan K Božanić
- Department of Radiation Chemistry and Physics, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Laurent Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192 Cedex, Gif sur Yvette, France
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7
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Thawarkar S, Rana PJS, Narayan R, Singh SP. Ni-Doped CsPbBr 3 Perovskite: Synthesis of Highly Stable Nanocubes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:17150-17155. [PMID: 31746613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A nanocube of Ni-doped CsPbBr3nanocrystals (NCs) has been successfully synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopy techniques such as High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc. The optoelectronic properties of NCs have been investigated with different solvents. HR-TEM and FE-SEM reveal that the obtained Ni-doped CsPbBr3NCs exhibit cubic-rectangular morphologies with different sizes. Furthermore, the radiative exciton kinetics of NCs was examined using the time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) technique. The present study ravels that synthesized nanocubes are highly stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Thawarkar
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT) , Uppal Road , Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007 , India
| | - Prem Jyoti Singh Rana
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT) , Uppal Road , Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007 , India
| | - Ramanuj Narayan
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT) , Uppal Road , Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Ghaziabad 201002 , India
| | - Surya Prakash Singh
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT) , Uppal Road , Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Ghaziabad 201002 , India
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8
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Schürmann R, Ebel K, Nicolas C, Milosavljević AR, Bald I. Role of Valence Band States and Plasmonic Enhancement in Electron-Transfer-Induced Transformation of Nitrothiophenol. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:3153-3158. [PMID: 31117676 PMCID: PMC6569622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hot-electron-induced reactions are more and more recognized as a critical and ubiquitous reaction in heterogeneous catalysis. However, the kinetics of these reactions is still poorly understood, which is also due to the complexity of plasmonic nanostructures. We determined the reaction rates of the hot-electron-mediated reaction of 4-nitrothiophenol (NTP) on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using fractal kinetics as a function of the laser wavelength and compared them with the plasmonic enhancement of the system. The reaction rates can be only partially explained by the plasmonic response of the NPs. Hence, synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements of isolated NTP-capped AuNP clusters have been performed for the first time. In this way, it was possible to determine the work function and the accessible valence band states of the NP systems. The results show that besides the plasmonic enhancement, the reaction rates are strongly influenced by the local density of the available electronic states of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Schürmann
- Physical Chemistry,
Institute of
Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
BAM, Federal Institute of Material Research
and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str.
11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kenny Ebel
- Physical Chemistry,
Institute of
Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
BAM, Federal Institute of Material Research
and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str.
11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christophe Nicolas
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint
Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Ilko Bald
- Physical Chemistry,
Institute of
Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
BAM, Federal Institute of Material Research
and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str.
11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Behera RK, Das Adhikari S, Dutta SK, Dutta A, Pradhan N. Blue-Emitting CsPbCl 3 Nanocrystals: Impact of Surface Passivation for Unprecedented Enhancement and Loss of Optical Emission. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6884-6891. [PMID: 30475626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
High-energy-emitting CsPbCl3 nanocrystals have shown significant loss and enhancement of their emission intensity (∼40-50 folds) during purification and surface treatments, respectively. This confirms that the surfaces of these nanocrystals are very sensitive. In this Letter, physical insights of the interface bindings on the surface of these blue-emitting CsPbCl3 nanocrystals with different passivating agents and their consequential impact on purification are investigated. Using various metal chlorides irrespective of the charge and size of the metal ions, metal acetates, and nonmetal chloride, the predominant influence of chloride ions in helping retrieve/intensify the blue emission is established. The purification processes are observed to be very delicate, and successive purifications with introduction of polar nonsolvents led to the transformation of an emitting cubic CsPbCl3 phase to nonemitting tetragonal CsPb2Cl5 phase nanocrystals irreversibly. The impact of various salt additions only temporarily helped in enhancing the emission, but the phase change remained inevitable upon successive purification. However, as a remedy, by in situ use of alkylammonium chloride salt in high-temperature reactions, the surface binding was improved, and significant emission as well as the phase could be retained with successive purifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Behera
- School of Materials Science , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Samrat Das Adhikari
- School of Materials Science , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Sumit Kumar Dutta
- School of Materials Science , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Anirban Dutta
- School of Materials Science , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Narayan Pradhan
- School of Materials Science , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Kolkata 700032 , India
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