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DiNicola ES, Martinez AV, Walker L, Wu Y, Burnikel BG, Mercuri J. Cigarette smoke extract exacerbates progression of osteoarthritic-like changes in cartilage explant cultures. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:1682-1695. [PMID: 38460961 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Established risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA) include obesity, joint injury, age, race, and genetics. However, the relationship between cigarette smoking and OA has yet to be established. In the present study, we have employed the use of cigarette smoke extract (CSE), the water-soluble vapor phase of cigarette smoke, with porcine cartilage explants to investigate the effects of cigarette smoking on cartilage catabolism at the tissue level. Articular cartilage explants were first exposed to 2.5%, 5%, and 10% CSE to assess its effects on cartilage homeostasis. Following, the effects of CSE on OA-like inflammation was observed by culturing explants with a combined treatment of IL-1β and TNF-α and 10% CSE (CSE + OA). Cartilage explants were assessed for changes in viability, biochemical composition, extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity, and equilibrium mechanical properties (aggregate modulus and hydraulic permeability). CSE alone leads to both a time- and dose-dependent decrease in chondrocyte viability but does not significantly affect sGAG content, percent sGAG loss, or the ECM integrity of cartilage explants. When IL-1β and TNF-α were combined with 10% CSE, this led to a synergistic effect with more significant losses in viability, significantly more sGAG loss, and significantly higher production of ROS than OA-like inflammation only. Cartilage explant equilibrium mechanical properties were unaffected. Within the timeframe of this study, CSE alone does not cause OA but when combined with OA-like inflammation leads to worsened articular cartilage degeneration as measured by chondrocyte viability, sGAG loss, proteoglycan staining, and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Sawvell DiNicola
- Department of Bioengineering, The Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
- Frank H. Stelling and C. Dayton Riddle Orthopaedic Education and Research Laboratory, Clemson University Biomedical Engineering Innovation Campus, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Andrea Vera Martinez
- Department of Bioengineering, The Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
- Frank H. Stelling and C. Dayton Riddle Orthopaedic Education and Research Laboratory, Clemson University Biomedical Engineering Innovation Campus, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lizzie Walker
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yongren Wu
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Brian G Burnikel
- Prisma Health Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas - Patewood, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jeremy Mercuri
- Department of Bioengineering, The Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
- Frank H. Stelling and C. Dayton Riddle Orthopaedic Education and Research Laboratory, Clemson University Biomedical Engineering Innovation Campus, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
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Koziy RV, Bracamonte JL, Katselis GS, Udenze D, Hayat S, Hammond SA, Simko E. Putative mRNA Biomarkers for the Eradication of Infection in an Equine Experimental Model of Septic Arthritis. Vet Sci 2024; 11:299. [PMID: 39057983 PMCID: PMC11281635 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11070299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Septic arthritis (SA) in horses has long-term health implications. The success of its resolution hinges on the implementation of early, aggressive treatment, which is often sustained over a prolonged period. Common diagnostic methods do not allow for the reliable detection of the eradication of joint infection. A potential alternative is the discovery and characterization of mRNA biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to identify potential mRNA biomarkers for the eradication of joint infection in equine SA and to compare their expression with our previously published proteomics data. In addition, the transcriptomics data were compared to the mRNA biomarker panel, SeptiCyte Lab, used to distinguish sepsis from non-septic shock in humans. A comparative transcriptomics analysis of synovial fluid from the SA joints of five horses with active infection and subsequent post-treatment eradicated infection in the same joints and five horses with non-septic synovitis was performed. Eight novel mRNA transcripts were identified that were significantly upregulated (>3-fold) in horses with active SA compared to horses post-eradication of infection after treatment and horses with non-septic synovitis. Two proteins in our proteomics data corresponded to these mRNA transcripts, but were not statistically different. The transcripts used in the SeptiCyte test were not differentially expressed in our study. Our results suggest that mRNA may be a useful source of biomarkers for the eradication of joint infection in horses and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V. Koziy
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - José L. Bracamonte
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada;
| | - George S. Katselis
- Canadian Centre for Rural and Agricultural Health, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada;
| | - Daniel Udenze
- Next-Generation Sequencing Facility, Cancer Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Shahina Hayat
- Next-Generation Sequencing Facility, Cancer Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - S. Austin Hammond
- Next-Generation Sequencing Facility, Cancer Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Elemir Simko
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
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Cadelano F, Della Morte E, Niada S, Anzano F, Zagra L, Giannasi C, Brini ATM. Cartilage responses to inflammatory stimuli and adipose stem/stromal cell-derived conditioned medium: Results from an ex vivo model. Regen Ther 2024; 26:346-353. [PMID: 39036443 PMCID: PMC11260398 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic inflammatory joint disorder, still lacks effective therapeutic interventions. Consequently, the development of convenient experimental models is crucial. Recently, research has focused on the plasticity of Mesenchymal Stem/stromal Cells, particularly adipose-derived ones (ASCs), in halting OA progression. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of a cell-free approach, ASC-derived conditioned medium (CM), in reversing cytokine-induced OA markers in an ex vivo model of human cartilage explants. Methods 4 mm cartilage punches, derived from the femoral heads of patients undergoing total hip replacement, were treated with 10 ng/ml TNFα, 1 ng/ml IL-1β, or a combination of both, over a 3-day period. Analysis of OA-related markers, such as MMP activity, the release of NO and GAGs, and the expression of PTGS2, allowed for the selection of the most effective inflammatory stimulus. Subsequently, explants challenged with TNFα+IL-1β were exposed to CM, consisting of a pool of concentrated supernatants from 72-h cultured ASCs, in order to evaluate its effect on cartilage catabolism and inflammation. Results The 3-day treatment with both 10ng/ml TNFα and 1ng/ml IL-1β significantly increased MMP activity and NO release, without affecting GAG release. The addition of CM significantly downregulated the abnormal MMP activity induced by the inflammatory stimuli, while also mildly reducing MMP3, MMP13, and PTGS2 gene expression. Finally, SOX9 and COL2A1 were downregulated by the cytokines, and further decreased by CM. Conclusion The proposed cartilage explant model offers encouraging evidence of the therapeutic potential of ASC-derived CM against OA, and it could serve as a convenient ex vivo platform for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cadelano
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Applications, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Della Morte
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Applications, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Niada
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Applications, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Anzano
- Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Zagra
- Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Giannasi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Applications, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Maria Brini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Applications, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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Svensson E, von Mentzer U, Stubelius A. Achieving Precision Healthcare through Nanomedicine and Enhanced Model Systems. ACS MATERIALS AU 2024; 4:162-173. [PMID: 38496040 PMCID: PMC10941278 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.3c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The ability to customize medical choices according to an individual's genetic makeup and biomarker patterns marks a significant advancement toward overall improved healthcare for both individuals and society at large. By transitioning from the conventional one-size-fits-all approach to tailored treatments that can account for predispositions of different patient populations, nanomedicines can be customized to target the specific molecular underpinnings of a patient's disease, thus mitigating the risk of collateral damage. However, for these systems to reach their full potential, our understanding of how nano-based therapeutics behave within the intricate human body is necessary. Effective drug administration to the targeted organ or pathological niche is dictated by properties such as nanocarrier (NC) size, shape, and targeting abilities, where understanding how NCs change their properties when they encounter biomolecules and phenomena such as shear stress in flow remains a major challenge. This Review specifically focuses on vessel-on-a-chip technology that can provide increased understanding of NC behavior in blood and summarizes the specialized environment of the joint to showcase advanced tissue models as approaches to address translational challenges. Compared to conventional cell studies or animal models, these advanced models can integrate patient material for full customization. Combining such models with nanomedicine can contribute to making personalized medicine achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandra Stubelius
- Division of Chemical Biology,
Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University
of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
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Clarke E, Varela L, Jenkins RE, Lozano-Andrés E, Cywińska A, Przewozny M, van Weeren PR, van de Lest CH, Peffers M, Wauben MH. Proteome and phospholipidome interrelationship of synovial fluid-derived extracellular vesicles in equine osteoarthritis: An exploratory 'multi-omics' study to identify composite biomarkers. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 37:101635. [PMID: 38298208 PMCID: PMC10828605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis causes progressive joint deterioration, severe morbidity, and reduced mobility in both humans and horses. Currently, osteoarthritis is diagnosed at late stages through clinical examination and radiographic imaging, hence it is challenging to address and provide timely therapeutic interventions to slow disease progression or ameliorate symptoms. Extracellular vesicles are cell-derived vesicles that play a key role in cell-to-cell communication and are potential sources for specific composite biomarker panel discovery. We here used a multi-omics strategy combining proteomics and phospholipidomics in an integral approach to identify composite biomarkers associated to purified extracellular vesicles from synovial fluid of healthy, mildly and severely osteoarthritic equine joints. Although the number of extracellular vesicles was unaffected by osteoarthritis, proteome profiling of extracellular vesicles by mass spectrometry identified 40 differentially expressed proteins (non-adjusted p < 0.05) in osteoarthritic joints associated with 7 significant canonical pathways in osteoarthritis. Moreover, pathway analysis unveiled changes in disease and molecular functions during osteoarthritis development. Phospholipidome profiling by mass spectrometry showed a relative increase in sphingomyelin and a decrease in phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine in extracellular vesicles derived from osteoarthritic joints compared to healthy joints. Unsupervised data integration revealed positive correlations between the proteome and the phospholipidome. Comprehensive analysis showed that some phospholipids and their related proteins increased as the severity of osteoarthritis progressed, while others decreased or remained stable. Altogether our data show interrelationships between synovial fluid extracellular vesicle-associated phospholipids and proteins responding to osteoarthritis pathology and which could be explored as potential composite diagnostic biomarkers of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Clarke
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Laura Varela
- Division Equine Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rosalind E. Jenkins
- Centre for Drug Safety Science Bioanalytical Facility, Liverpool Shared Research Facilities, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Andrés
- Division Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Cywińska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | | | - P. René van Weeren
- Division Equine Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chris H.A. van de Lest
- Division Equine Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mandy Peffers
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marca H.M. Wauben
- Division Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Rydén M, Lindblom K, Yifter-Lindgren A, Turkiewicz A, Aspberg A, Tillgren V, Englund M, Önnerfjord P. A human meniscus explant model for studying early events in osteoarthritis development by proteomics. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2765-2778. [PMID: 37218349 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Degenerative meniscus lesions have been associated with both osteoarthritis etiology and its progression. We, therefore, sought to establish a human meniscus ex vivo model to study the meniscal response to cytokine treatment using a proteomics approach. Lateral menisci were obtained from five knee-healthy donors. The meniscal body was cut into vertical slices and further divided into an inner (avascular) and outer region. Explants were either left untreated (controls) or stimulated with cytokines. Medium changes were conducted every 3 days up to Day 21 and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed at all the time points for the identification and quantification of proteins. Mixed-effect linear regression models were used for statistical analysis to estimate the effect of treatments versus control on protein abundance. Treatment by IL1ß increased release of cytokines such as interleukins, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases but a limited catabolic effect in healthy human menisci explants. Further, we observed an increased release of matrix proteins (collagens, integrins, prolargin, tenascin) in response to oncostatin M (OSM) + tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF+interleukin-6 (IL6) + sIL6R treatments, and analysis of semitryptic peptides provided additional evidence of increased catabolic effects in response to these treatments. The induced activation of catabolic processes may play a role in osteoarthritis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rydén
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Lindblom
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aida Yifter-Lindgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Turkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Aspberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Viveka Tillgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Englund
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrik Önnerfjord
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Zhu S, Liu H, Davis T, Willis CR, Basu R, Witzigreuter L, Bell S, Szewczyk N, Lotz MK, Hill M, Fajardo RJ, O’Connor PM, Berryman DE, Kopchick JJ. Promotion of Joint Degeneration and Chondrocyte Metabolic Dysfunction by Excessive Growth Hormone in Mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:1139-1151. [PMID: 36762426 PMCID: PMC10313765 DOI: 10.1002/art.42470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many patients with acromegaly, a hormonal disorder with excessive growth hormone (GH) production, report pain in joints. We undertook this study to characterize the joint pathology of mice with overexpression of bovine GH (bGH) or a GH receptor antagonist (GHa) and to investigate the effect of GH on regulation of chondrocyte cellular metabolism. METHODS Knee joints from mice overexpressing bGH or GHa and wild-type (WT) control mice were examined using histology and micro-computed tomography for osteoarthritic (OA) pathologies. Additionally, cartilage from bGH mice was used for metabolomics analysis. Mouse primary chondrocytes from bGH and WT mice, with or without pegvisomant treatment, were used for quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Seahorse respirometry analyses. RESULTS Both male and female bGH mice at ~13 months of age had increased knee joint degeneration, which was characterized by loss of cartilage structure, expansion of hypertrophic chondrocytes, synovitis, and subchondral plate thinning. The joint pathologies were also demonstrated by significantly higher Osteoarthritis Research Society International and Mankin scores in bGH mice compared to WT control mice. Metabolomics analysis revealed changes in a wide range of metabolic pathways in bGH mice, including beta-alanine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, lysine degradation, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. Also, bGH chondrocytes up-regulated fatty acid oxidation and increased expression of Col10a. Joints of GHa mice were remarkably protected from developing age-associated joint degeneration, with smooth articular joint surface. CONCLUSION This study showed that an excessive amount of GH promotes joint degeneration in mice, which was associated with chondrocyte metabolic dysfunction and hypertrophic changes, whereas antagonizing GH action through a GHa protects mice from OA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouan Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Trent Davis
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Craig R.G. Willis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Luke Witzigreuter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Stephen Bell
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Nathaniel Szewczyk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Martin K. Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Marcheta Hill
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, 78209, USA
| | - Roberto J. Fajardo
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, 78209, USA
| | | | - Darlene E. Berryman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA
| | - John J. Kopchick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA
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Rai MF, Cai L, Zhang Q, Townsend RR, Brophy RH. Synovial Fluid Proteomics From Serial Aspirations of ACL-Injured Knees Identifies Candidate Biomarkers. Am J Sports Med 2023:3635465231169526. [PMID: 37191559 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231169526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears often result in knee effusion and an increased risk for developing knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the long run. The molecular profile of these effusions could be informative regarding initial steps in the development of posttraumatic OA after an ACL tear. HYPOTHESIS The proteomics of knee synovial fluid changes over time after ACL injury. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS Synovial fluid was collected from patients with an acute traumatic ACL tear presenting to the office for evaluation (18.31 ± 19.07 days from injury) (aspiration 1) and again at the time of surgery (35.41 ± 58.15 days after aspiration 1 (aspiration 2). High-resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used to assess the quantitative protein profile of synovial fluid, and differences in protein profile between the 2 aspirations were determined computationally. RESULTS A total of 58 synovial fluid samples collected from 29 patients (12 male, 17 female; 12 isolated ACL tear, 17 combined ACL and meniscal tear) with a mean age and body mass index of 27.01 ± 12.78 years and 26.30 ± 4.93, respectively, underwent unbiased proteomics analysis. The levels of 130 proteins in the synovial fluid changed over time (87 high, 43 low). Proteins of interest that were significantly higher in aspiration 2 included CRIP1, S100A11, PLS3, POSTN, and VIM, which represent catabolic/inflammatory activities in the joint. Proteins with a known role in chondroprotection and joint homeostasis such as CHI3L2 (YKL-39), TNFAIP6/TSG6, DEFA1, SPP1, and CILP were lower in aspiration 2. CONCLUSION Synovial fluid from knees with ACL tears exhibits an increased burden of inflammatory (catabolic) proteins relevant to OA with reduced levels of chondroprotective (anabolic) proteins. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study identified a set of novel proteins that provide new biological insights into the aftermath of ACL tears. Elevated inflammation and decreased chondroprotection could represent initial disruption of homeostasis, potentially initiating the development of OA. Longitudinal follow-up and mechanistic studies are necessary to assess the functional role of these proteins in the joint. Ultimately, these investigations could lead to better approaches to predict and possibly improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - R Reid Townsend
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert H Brophy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Li H, Liu S, Miao C, Lv Y, Hu Y. Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics provides insights into enhanced osteogenesis in Ano5Cys360Tyr knock-in mouse model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1117111. [PMID: 36742392 PMCID: PMC9895949 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1117111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD; OMIM#166260) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by diaphyseal sclerosis of tubular bones and cemento-osseous lesions in mandibles. GDD is caused by point mutations in the ANO5 gene. However, the mechanisms underlying GDD have not been disclosed. We previously generated the first knock-in mouse model for GDD expressing a human mutation (p.Cys360Tyr) in ANO5 and homozygous Ano5 knock-in (Ano5KI/KI ) mice exhibited representative traits of human GDD especially including enhanced osteogenesis. METHODS Metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses were conducted for wildtype (Ano5+/+ ) and Ano5KI/KI mature mouse calvarial osteoblasts (mCOBs) grown in osteogenic cultures for 14 days to identify differential intracellular metabolites and genes involved in GDD. Subsequently, related differential genes were validated by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation was confirmed by CCK8 assay and calcium content in mineral nodules was detected using SEM-EDS. RESULTS Metabolomics identified 42 differential metabolites that are primarily involved in amino acid and pyrimidine metabolism, and endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption. Concomitantly, transcriptomic analysis revealed 407 differentially expressed genes in Ano5KI/KI osteoblasts compared with wildtype. Gene ontology and pathway analysis indicated that Ano5Cys360Tyr mutation considerably promoted cell cycle progression and perturbed calcium signaling pathway, which were confirmed by validated experiments. qRT-PCR and CCK-8 assays manifested that proliferation of Ano5KI/KI mCOBs was enhanced and the expression of cell cycle regulating genes (Mki67, Ccnb1, and Ccna2) was increased. In addition, SEM-EDS demonstrated that Ano5KI/KI mCOBs developed higher calcium contents in mineral nodules than Ano5+/+ mCOBs, while some calcium-related genes (Cacna1, Slc8a1, and Cyp27b1) were significantly up-regulated. Furthermore, osteocalcin which has been proved to be an osteoblast-derived metabolic hormone was upregulated in Ano5KI/KI osteoblast cultures. DISCUSSION Our data demonstrated that the Ano5Cys360Tyr mutation could affect the metabolism of osteoblasts, leading to unwonted calcium homeostasis and cellular proliferation that can contribute to the underlying pathogenesis of GDD disorders.
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Plaas AHK, Moran MM, Sandy JD, Hascall VC. Aggrecan and Hyaluronan: The Infamous Cartilage Polyelectrolytes - Then and Now. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1402:3-29. [PMID: 37052843 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-25588-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Cartilages are unique in the family of connective tissues in that they contain a high concentration of the glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate attached to the core protein of the proteoglycan, aggrecan. Multiple aggrecan molecules are organized in the extracellular matrix via a domain-specific molecular interaction with hyaluronan and a link protein, and these high molecular weight aggregates are immobilized within the collagen and glycoprotein network. The high negative charge density of glycosaminoglycans provides hydrophilicity, high osmotic swelling pressure and conformational flexibility, which together function to absorb fluctuations in biomechanical stresses on cartilage during movement of an articular joint. We have summarized information on the history and current knowledge obtained by biochemical and genetic approaches, on cell-mediated regulation of aggrecan metabolism and its role in skeletal development, growth as well as during the development of joint disease. In addition, we describe the pathways for hyaluronan metabolism, with particular focus on the role as a "metabolic rheostat" during chondrocyte responses in cartilage remodeling in growth and disease.Future advances in effective therapeutic targeting of cartilage loss during osteoarthritic diseases of the joint as an organ as well as in cartilage tissue engineering would benefit from 'big data' approaches and bioinformatics, to uncover novel feed-forward and feed-back mechanisms for regulating transcription and translation of genes and their integration into cell-specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H K Plaas
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Meghan M Moran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John D Sandy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Rydén M, Önnerfjord P. In Vitro Models and Proteomics in Osteoarthritis Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1402:57-68. [PMID: 37052846 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-25588-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes and exemplifies the current understanding of osteoarthritis in vitro models and describes their relevance for new insights in the future of osteoarthritis research. Our friend and highly appreciated colleague, Prof. Alan Grodzinsky has contributed greatly to the understanding of joint tissue biology and cartilage biomechanics. He frequently utilizes in vitro models and cartilage explant cultures, and recent work also includes proteomics studies. This review is dedicated to honor his 75-year birthday and will focus on recent proteomic in vitro studies related to osteoarthritis, and within this topic highlight some of his contributions to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rydén
- Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrik Önnerfjord
- Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Rothbauer M, Reihs EI, Fischer A, Windhager R, Jenner F, Toegel S. A Progress Report and Roadmap for Microphysiological Systems and Organ-On-A-Chip Technologies to Be More Predictive Models in Human (Knee) Osteoarthritis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:886360. [PMID: 35782494 PMCID: PMC9240813 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.886360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic debilitating joint disease affecting hundreds of million people globally, is associated with significant pain and socioeconomic costs. Current treatment modalities are palliative and unable to stop the progressive degeneration of articular cartilage in OA. Scientific attention has shifted from the historical view of OA as a wear-and-tear cartilage disorder to its recognition as a whole-joint disease, highlighting the contribution of other knee joint tissues in OA pathogenesis. Despite much progress in the field of microfluidic systems/organs-on-a-chip in other research fields, current in vitro models in use do not yet accurately reflect the complexity of the OA pathophenotype. In this review, we provide: 1) a detailed overview of the most significant recent developments in the field of microsystems approaches for OA modeling, and 2) an OA-pathophysiology-based bioengineering roadmap for the requirements of the next generation of more predictive and authentic microscale systems fit for the purpose of not only disease modeling but also of drug screening to potentially allow OA animal model reduction and replacement in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rothbauer
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopeadic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva I. Reihs
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopeadic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anita Fischer
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopeadic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopeadic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florien Jenner
- Veterinary Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Vienna (VETERM), Equine Surgery Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Toegel
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopeadic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Batushansky A, Zhu S, Komaravolu RK, South S, Mehta-D'souza P, Griffin TM. Fundamentals of OA. An initiative of Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Obesity and metabolic factors in OA. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:501-515. [PMID: 34537381 PMCID: PMC8926936 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity was once considered a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (OA) primarily for biomechanical reasons. Here we provide an additional perspective by discussing how obesity also increases OA risk by altering metabolism and inflammation. DESIGN This narrative review is presented in four sections: 1) metabolic syndrome and OA, 2) metabolic biomarkers of OA, 3) evidence for dysregulated chondrocyte metabolism in OA, and 4) metabolic inflammation: joint tissue mediators and mechanisms. RESULTS Metabolic syndrome and its components are strongly associated with OA. However, evidence for a causal relationship is context dependent, varying by joint, gender, diagnostic criteria, and demographics, with additional environmental and genetic interactions yet to be fully defined. Importantly, some aspects of the etiology of obesity-induced OA appear to be distinct between men and women, especially regarding the role of adipose tissue. Metabolomic analyses of serum and synovial fluid have identified potential diagnostic biomarkers of knee OA and prognostic biomarkers of disease progression. Connecting these biomarkers to cellular pathophysiology will require future in vivo studies of joint tissue metabolism. Such studies will help reveal when a metabolic process or a metabolite itself is a causal factor in disease progression. Current evidence points towards impaired chondrocyte metabolic homeostasis and metabolic-immune dysregulation as likely factors connecting obesity to the increased risk of OA. CONCLUSIONS A deeper understanding of how obesity alters metabolic and inflammatory pathways in synovial joint tissues is expected to provide new therapeutic targets and an improved definition of "metabolic" and "obesity" OA phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Batushansky
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - S Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
| | - R K Komaravolu
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - S South
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - P Mehta-D'souza
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - T M Griffin
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Clarke EJ, Gillen A, Turlo A, Peffers MJ. An Evaluation of Current Preventative Measures Used in Equine Practice to Maintain Distal Forelimb Functionality: A Mini Review. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:758970. [PMID: 34796229 PMCID: PMC8593328 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.758970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Horses are used in a variety of equestrian disciplines predisposing them to musculoskeletal injury or disease including osteoarthritis and tendinopathy. As a result, a number of preventative measures are used within equine medicine and husbandry, ranging from therapeutic shoeing to the use of nutraceuticals. Despite their popularity and routine use evidence base and clinical outcomes are variable, bringing into question the efficacy of these prophylactic measures. In recent years a small number of studies have been performed examining the effect of specific strategies in order to quantify the preventative and protective claims such modalities have on joint and forelimb health. Few have robustly demonstrated a capacity to protect the limb by reducing inflammation, or promoting regenerative pathways. This review focusses on performance horses specifically, and the resounding theme that emerges in current research is the need for longitudinal studies to inform scientific conclusions surrounding single and multi-modal use. Furthermore, there is a requirement to prioritise evidence-based medicine to inform optimal clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Clarke
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Gillen
- Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka Turlo
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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15
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Li JT, Zeng N, Yan ZP, Liao T, Ni GX. A review of applications of metabolomics in osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:2569-2579. [PMID: 33219452 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) represents the most prevalent and disabling arthritis worldwide due to its heterogeneous and progressive articular degradation. However, effective and timely diagnosis and fundamental treatment for this disorder are lacking. Metabolomics, a growing field in life science research in recent years, has the potential to detect many metabolites and thus explains the underlying pathophysiological processes. Hence, new specific metabolic markers and related metabolic pathways can be identified for OA. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of studies related to the metabolomics of OA in animal models and humans to describe the metabolic changes and related pathways for OA. The present metabolomics studies reveal that the pathogenesis of OA may be significantly related to perturbations of amino acid metabolism. These altered amino acids (e.g., branched-chain amino acids, arginine, and alanine), as well as phospholipids, were identified as potential biomarkers to distinguish patients with OA from healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ting Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Peng Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xin Ni
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Zheng L, Zhang Z, Sheng P, Mobasheri A. The role of metabolism in chondrocyte dysfunction and the progression of osteoarthritis. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101249. [PMID: 33383189 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by low-grade inflammation and high levels of clinical heterogeneity. Aberrant chondrocyte metabolism is a response to changes in the inflammatory microenvironment and may play a key role in cartilage degeneration and OA progression. Under conditions of environmental stress, chondrocytes tend to adapt their metabolism to microenvironmental changes by shifting from one metabolic pathway to another, for example from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. Similar changes occur in other joint cells, including synoviocytes. Switching between these pathways is implicated in metabolic alterations that involve mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced anaerobic glycolysis, and altered lipid and amino acid metabolism. The shift between oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis is mainly regulated by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Chondrocyte metabolic changes are likely to be a feature of different OA phenotypes. Determining the role of chondrocyte metabolism in OA has revealed key features of disease pathogenesis. Future research should place greater emphasis on immunometabolism and altered metabolic pathways as a means to understand the pathophysiology of age-related OA. This knowledge will advance the development of new drugs against therapeutic targets of metabolic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Zheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Ziji Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Puyi Sheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 China.
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 China; Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania; Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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