1
|
Song C, Kim MY, Cho JY. The Role of Protein Methyltransferases in Immunity. Molecules 2024; 29:360. [PMID: 38257273 PMCID: PMC10819338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system protects our body from bacteria, viruses, and toxins and removes malignant cells. Activation of immune cells requires the onset of a network of important signaling proteins. Methylation of these proteins affects their structure and biological function. Under stimulation, T cells, B cells, and other immune cells undergo activation, development, proliferation, differentiation, and manufacture of cytokines and antibodies. Methyltransferases alter the above processes and lead to diverse outcomes depending on the degree and type of methylation. In the previous two decades, methyltransferases have been reported to mediate a great variety of immune stages. Elucidating the roles of methylation in immunity not only contributes to understanding the immune mechanism but is helpful in the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies. Hence, we review herein the studies on methylation in immunity, aiming to provide ideas for new approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Song
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pessuti CL, Medley QG, Li N, Huang CL, Loureiro J, Banks A, Zhang Q, Costa DF, Ribeiro KS, Nascimento H, Muccioli C, Commodaro AG, Huang Q, Belfort R. Differential Proteins Expression Distinguished Between Patients With Infectious and Noninfectious Uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024; 32:40-47. [PMID: 36637883 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2150224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the aqueous humor proteome and associated plasma proteome in patients with infectious or noninfectious uveitis. METHODS AH and plasma were obtained from 28 patients with infectious uveitis (IU), 29 patients with noninfectious uveitis (NIU) and 35 healthy controls undergoing cataract surgery. The proteins profile was analyzed by SomaScan technology. RESULTS We found 1844 and 2484 proteins up-regulated and 124 and 161 proteins down-regulated in the AH from IU and NIU groups, respectively. In the plasma, three proteins were up-regulated in NIU patients, and one and five proteins were down-regulated in the IU and NIU patients, respectively. The results of pathway enrichment analysis for both IU and NIU groups were related mostly to inflammatory and regulatory processes. CONCLUSION SomaScan was able to detect novel AH and plasma protein biomarkers in IU and NIU patients. Also, the unique proteins found in both AH and plasma suggest a protein signature that could distinguish between infectious and noninfectious uveitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen L Pessuti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Quintus G Medley
- Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Huang
- Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph Loureiro
- Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Angela Banks
- Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qin Zhang
- Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deise F Costa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kleber S Ribeiro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Nascimento
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Muccioli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Qian Huang
- Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rubens Belfort
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Griffith AA, Callahan KP, King NG, Xiao Q, Su X, Salomon AR. SILAC Phosphoproteomics Reveals Unique Signaling Circuits in CAR-T Cells and the Inhibition of B Cell-Activating Phosphorylation in Target Cells. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:395-409. [PMID: 35014847 PMCID: PMC8830406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is a single-pass transmembrane receptor designed to specifically target and eliminate cancers. While CARs prove highly efficacious against B cell malignancies, the intracellular signaling events which promote CAR T cell activity remain elusive. To gain further insight into both CAR T cell signaling and the potential signaling response of cells targeted by CAR, we analyzed phosphopeptides captured by two separate phosphoenrichment strategies from third generation CD19-CAR T cells cocultured with SILAC labeled Raji B cells by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Here, we report that CD19-CAR T cells upregulated several key phosphorylation events also observed in canonical T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, while Raji B cells exhibited a significant decrease in B cell receptor-signaling related phosphorylation events in response to coculture. Our data suggest that CD19-CAR stimulation activates a mixture of unique CD19-CAR-specific signaling pathways and canonical TCR signaling, while global phosphorylation in Raji B cells is reduced after association with the CD19-CAR T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alijah A. Griffith
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Kenneth P. Callahan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Nathan Gordo King
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520
| | - Xiaolei Su
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520
| | - Arthur R. Salomon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lawton ML, Emili A. Mass Spectrometry-Based Phosphoproteomics and Systems Biology: Approaches to Study T Lymphocyte Activation and Exhaustion. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167318. [PMID: 34687714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes respond to extracellular cues and recognize and clear foreign bodies. These functions are tightly regulated by receptor-mediated intracellular signal transduction pathways and phosphorylation cascades resulting in rewiring of transcription, cell adhesion, and metabolic pathways, which leads to changes in downstream effector functions including cytokine secretion and target-cell killing. Given that these pathways become dysregulated in chronic diseases such as cancer, auto-immunity, diabetes, and persistent infections, mapping T cell signaling dynamics in normal and pathological states is central to understanding and modulating immune system behavior. Despite recent advances, there remains much to be learned from the study of T cell signaling at a systems level. The application of global phospho-proteomic profiling technology has the potential to provide unprecedented insights into the molecular networks that govern T cell function. These include capturing the spatiotemporal dynamics of the T cell responses as an ensemble of interacting components, rather than a static view at a single point in time. In this review, we describe innovative experimental approaches to study signaling mechanisms in the TCR, co-stimulatory receptors, synthetic signaling molecules such as chimeric antigen receptors, inhibitory receptors, and T cell exhaustion. Technical advances in mass spectrometry and systems biology frameworks are emphasized as these are poised to identify currently unknown functional relationships and dependencies to create causal predictive models that expand from the traditional narrow reductionist lens of singular components in isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Lawton
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Emili
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gavali S, Liu J, Li X, Paolino M. Ubiquitination in T-Cell Activation and Checkpoint Inhibition: New Avenues for Targeted Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10800. [PMID: 34639141 PMCID: PMC8509743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of T-cell-based immunotherapy has remarkably transformed cancer patient treatment. Despite their success, the currently approved immunotherapeutic protocols still encounter limitations, cause toxicity, and give disparate patient outcomes. Thus, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of T-cell activation and inhibition is much needed to rationally expand targets and possibilities to improve immunotherapies. Protein ubiquitination downstream of immune signaling pathways is essential to fine-tune virtually all immune responses, in particular, the positive and negative regulation of T-cell activation. Numerous studies have demonstrated that deregulation of ubiquitin-dependent pathways can significantly alter T-cell activation and enhance antitumor responses. Consequently, researchers in academia and industry are actively developing technologies to selectively exploit ubiquitin-related enzymes for cancer therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the molecular and functional roles of ubiquitination in key T-cell activation and checkpoint inhibitory pathways to highlight the vast possibilities that targeting ubiquitination offers for advancing T-cell-based immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Magdalena Paolino
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Solna, Sweden; (S.G.); (J.L.); (X.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Badam TV, Hellberg S, Mehta RB, Lechner-Scott J, Lea RA, Tost J, Mariette X, Svensson-Arvelund J, Nestor CE, Benson M, Berg G, Jenmalm MC, Gustafsson M, Ernerudh J. CD4 + T-cell DNA methylation changes during pregnancy significantly correlate with disease-associated methylation changes in autoimmune diseases. Epigenetics 2021; 17:1040-1055. [PMID: 34605719 PMCID: PMC9487751 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1982510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics may play a central, yet unexplored, role in the profound changes that the maternal immune system undergoes during pregnancy and could be involved in the pregnancy-induced modulation of several autoimmune diseases. We investigated changes in the methylome in isolated circulating CD4+ T-cells in non-pregnant and pregnant women, during the 1st and 2nd trimester, using the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 450K array, and explored how these changes were related to autoimmune diseases that are known to be affected during pregnancy. Pregnancy was associated with several hundreds of methylation differences, particularly during the 2nd trimester. A network-based modular approach identified several genes, e.g., CD28, FYN, VAV1 and pathways related to T-cell signalling and activation, highlighting T-cell regulation as a central component of the observed methylation alterations. The identified pregnancy module was significantly enriched for disease-associated methylation changes related to multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. A negative correlation between pregnancy-associated methylation changes and disease-associated changes was found for multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, diseases that are known to improve during pregnancy whereas a positive correlation was found for systemic lupus erythematosus, a disease that instead worsens during pregnancy. Thus, the directionality of the observed changes is in line with the previously observed effect of pregnancy on disease activity. Our systems medicine approach supports the importance of the methylome in immune regulation of T-cells during pregnancy. Our findings highlight the relevance of using pregnancy as a model for understanding and identifying disease-related mechanisms involved in the modulation of autoimmune diseases.Abbreviations: BMIQ: beta-mixture quantile dilation; DMGs: differentially methylated genes; DMPs: differentially methylated probes; FE: fold enrichment; FDR: false discovery rate; GO: gene ontology; GWAS: genome-wide association studies; MDS: multidimensional scaling; MS: multiple sclerosis; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PBS: phosphate buffered saline; PPI; protein-protein interaction; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; SD: standard deviation; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism; TH: CD4+ T helper cell; VIStA: diVIsive Shuffling Approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswi V Badam
- Bioinformatics Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,School of Bioscience, Skövde University, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Sandra Hellberg
- Bioinformatics Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ratnesh B Mehta
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jeannette Lechner-Scott
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Centre for Brain and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.,Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Rodney A Lea
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Centre for Brain and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovations, Genomics Research Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Jorg Tost
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Environment, Centre National De Recherche En Génomique Humaine, CEA-Institut De Biologie Francois Jacob, Evry, France
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP-Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, France
| | - Judit Svensson-Arvelund
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Colm E Nestor
- The Centre for Individualized Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mikael Benson
- The Centre for Individualized Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Göran Berg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria C Jenmalm
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mika Gustafsson
- Bioinformatics Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Ernerudh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fragliasso V, Tameni A, Inghirami G, Mularoni V, Ciarrocchi A. Cytoskeleton Dynamics in Peripheral T Cell Lymphomas: An Intricate Network Sustaining Lymphomagenesis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:643620. [PMID: 33928032 PMCID: PMC8076600 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.643620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in cytoskeleton functions support tumorigenesis fostering an aberrant proliferation and promoting inappropriate migratory and invasive features. The link between cytoskeleton and tumor features has been extensively investigated in solid tumors. However, the emerging genetic and molecular landscape of peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCL) has unveiled several alterations targeting structure and function of the cytoskeleton, highlighting its role in cell shape changes and the aberrant cell division of malignant T cells. In this review, we summarize the most recent evidence about the role of cytoskeleton in PTCLs development and progression. We also discuss how aberrant signaling pathways, like JAK/STAT3, NPM-ALK, RhoGTPase, and Aurora Kinase, can contribute to lymphomagenesis by modifying the structure and the signaling properties of cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fragliasso
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tameni
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.,Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Valentina Mularoni
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gregg RK. Implications of microgravity-induced cell signaling alterations upon cancer cell growth, invasiveness, metastatic potential, and control by host immunity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 361:107-164. [PMID: 34074492 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The human endeavor to venture beyond the orbit of Earth is challenged by both continuous space radiation and microgravity-induced immune dysfunction. If cancers were to develop in astronauts, it is unclear how these abnormal cells would grow and progress in the microgravity environment. It is unknown if the astronaut's immune response would be able to control or eradicate cancer. A better molecular understanding of how the mechanical force of gravity affects the cell as well as the aggressiveness of cancers and the functionality of host immunity is needed. This review will summarize findings related to microgravity-mediated alterations in the cell cytoskeleton, cell-cell, and cell-extracellular matrix interactions including cadherins, immunoglobulin superfamily of adhesion molecules, selectins, and integrins and related cell signaling. The effects of spaceflight and simulated microgravity on cell viability, cancer cell growth, invasiveness, angiogenesis, metastasis as well as immune cell functions and the subsequent signaling pathways involved will be discussed. Microgravity-induced alterations in function and signaling of the major anti-cancer immune populations will be examined including natural killer cells, dendritic cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells. Further studies regarding the molecular events impacted by microgravity in both cancer and immune cells will greatly increase the development of therapies to restrict tumor growth and enhance cancer-specific responses for both astronauts and patients on Earth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randal K Gregg
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine at Lincoln Memorial University-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gunasinghe SD, Peres NG, Goyette J, Gaus K. Biomechanics of T Cell Dysfunctions in Chronic Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:600829. [PMID: 33717081 PMCID: PMC7948521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.600829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms behind T cell dysfunctions during chronic diseases is critical in developing effective immunotherapies. As demonstrated by several animal models and human studies, T cell dysfunctions are induced during chronic diseases, spanning from infections to cancer. Although factors governing the onset and the extent of the functional impairment of T cells can differ during infections and cancer, most dysfunctional phenotypes share common phenotypic traits in their immune receptor and biophysical landscape. Through the latest developments in biophysical techniques applied to explore cell membrane and receptor-ligand dynamics, we are able to dissect and gain further insights into the driving mechanisms behind T cell dysfunctions. These insights may prove useful in developing immunotherapies aimed at reinvigorating our immune system to fight off infections and malignancies more effectively. The recent success with checkpoint inhibitors in treating cancer opens new avenues to develop more effective, targeted immunotherapies. Here, we highlight the studies focused on the transformation of the biophysical landscape during infections and cancer, and how T cell biomechanics shaped the immunopathology associated with chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachith D Gunasinghe
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Newton G Peres
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jesse Goyette
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alon D, Paitan Y, Robinson E, Ganor N, Lipovetsky J, Yerushalmi R, Cohen CJ, Raiter A. Downregulation of CD45 Signaling in COVID-19 Patients Is Reversed by C24D, a Novel CD45 Targeting Peptide. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:675963. [PMID: 34414199 PMCID: PMC8369232 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.675963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CD45, the predominant transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase in leukocytes, is required for the efficient induction of T cell receptor signaling and activation. We recently reported that the CD45-intracellular signals in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients are inhibited. We also reported that C24D, an immune modulating therapeutic peptide, binds to CD45 on immune-suppressed cells and resets the functionality of the immune system via the CD45 signaling pathway. Various studies have demonstrated that also viruses can interfere with the functions of CD45 and that patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are immune-suppressed. Given the similarity between the role of CD45 in viral immune suppression and our findings on TNBC, we hypothesized that the C24D peptide may have a similar "immune-resetting" effect on PBMCs from COVID-19 patients as it did on PBMCs from TNBC patients. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the CD45/TCR intracellular signaling in PBMCs from ten COVID-19 patients vs. PBMCs from ten healthy volunteers. Herein, we report our findings, demonstrating the immune reactivating effect of C24D via the phosphorylation of the tyrosine 505 and 394 in Lck, the tyrosine 493 in ZAP-70 and the tyrosine 172 in VAV-1 proteins in the CD45 signaling pathway. Despite the relatively small number of patients in this report, the results demonstrate that C24D rescued CD45 signaling. Given the central role played by CD45 in the immune system, we suggest CD45 as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danny Alon
- Department of Medicine A, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yossi Paitan
- Microbiology Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Eyal Robinson
- Department of Medicine B, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Nirit Ganor
- Microbiology Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Julia Lipovetsky
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Rinat Yerushalmi
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Cyrille J. Cohen
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, The Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Annat Raiter
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
- *Correspondence: Annat Raiter ;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The role of competing mechanisms on Lck regulation. Immunol Res 2020; 68:289-295. [PMID: 32794043 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-020-09148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lck is a Src-related protein tyrosine kinase that associates with CD4 and CD8 molecules and is essential to T cell development and T cell activation. Regulatory mechanisms of Lck are diverse and controversy exists regarding the importance of each mechanism. The balance of phosphorylation at the inhibitory and activating Tyr residues is maintained by a balance between CD45 and Csk and is dependent upon intact intracellular trafficking machinery. Current evidence shows that lipid-binding changes depending on Lck conformation and that phosphorylation-induced conformational changes in Lck modulate its kinase activity potentially through regulation of Lck clustering at the plasma membrane. Downstream regulators such as ZAP-70 mediate negative feedback that is dependent on Tyr192 phosphorylation. This review examines the diverse regulation of Lck in detail, highlighting the role of each mechanism on maintaining an appropriate amount of Lck in each conformational state, thus allowing for an efficient, appropriate, and controlled amount of T cell activation following TCR stimulation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Garcia EG, Veloso A, Oliveira ML, Allen JR, Loontiens S, Brunson D, Do D, Yan C, Morris R, Iyer S, Garcia SP, Iftimia N, Van Loocke W, Matthijssens F, McCarthy K, Barata JT, Speleman F, Taghon T, Gutierrez A, Van Vlierberghe P, Haas W, Blackburn JS, Langenau DM. PRL3 enhances T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia growth through suppressing T-cell signaling pathways and apoptosis. Leukemia 2020; 35:679-690. [PMID: 32606318 PMCID: PMC8009053 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignancy of thymocytes and is largely driven by the NOTCH/MYC pathway. Yet, additional oncogenic drivers are required for transformation. Here, we identify protein tyrosine phosphatase type 4 A3 (PRL3) as a collaborating oncogenic driver in T-ALL. PRL3 is expressed in a large fraction of primary human T-ALLs and is commonly co-amplified with MYC. PRL3 also synergized with MYC to initiate early-onset ALL in transgenic zebrafish and was required for human T-ALL growth and maintenance. Mass spectrometry phosphoproteomic analysis and mechanistic studies uncovered that PRL3 suppresses downstream T cell phosphorylation signaling pathways, including those modulated by VAV1, and subsequently suppresses apoptosis in leukemia cells. Taken together, our studies have identified new roles for PRL3 as a collaborating oncogenic driver in human T-ALL and suggest that therapeutic targeting of the PRL3 phosphatase will likely be a useful treatment strategy for T-ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E G Garcia
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - A Veloso
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - M L Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J R Allen
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - S Loontiens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Brunson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - D Do
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - C Yan
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - R Morris
- Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - S Iyer
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - S P Garcia
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - N Iftimia
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - W Van Loocke
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine and Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Matthijssens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine and Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - K McCarthy
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - J T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - F Speleman
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine and Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - T Taghon
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Gutierrez
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - P Van Vlierberghe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine and Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - W Haas
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - J S Blackburn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - D M Langenau
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rohrs JA, Siegler EL, Wang P, Finley SD. ERK Activation in CAR T Cells Is Amplified by CD28-Mediated Increase in CD3ζ Phosphorylation. iScience 2020; 23:101023. [PMID: 32325413 PMCID: PMC7178546 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are engineered receptors that mediate T cell activation. CARs are comprised of activating and co-stimulatory intracellular signaling domains derived from endogenous T cells that initiate signaling required for T cell activation, including ERK activation through the MAPK pathway. Understanding the mechanisms by which co-stimulatory domains influence signaling can help guide the design of next-generation CARs. Therefore, we constructed an experimentally validated computational model of anti-CD19 CARs in T cells bearing the CD3ζ domain alone or in combination with CD28. We performed a systematic analysis to explore the different mechanisms of CD28 co-stimulation on the ERK response time. Comparing these model simulations with experimental data indicates that CD28 primarily influences ERK activation by enhancing the phosphorylation kinetics of CD3ζ. Overall, we present a mechanistic mathematical modeling framework that can be used to gain insights into the mechanism of CAR T cell activation and produce new testable hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pin Wang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Stacey D Finley
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang T, Yang M, Dong K, Xu M, Liu J, Chen Z, Zhu S, Chen W, Yin J, Jin K, Deng Y, Guan Z, Huang X, Yang J, Han R, Yao M. A transcriptional landscape of 28 porcine tissues obtained by super deepSAGE sequencing. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:229. [PMID: 32171242 PMCID: PMC7071599 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene expression regulators identified in transcriptome profiling experiments may serve as ideal targets for genetic manipulations in farm animals. RESULTS In this study, we developed a gene expression profile of 76,000+ unique transcripts for 224 porcine samples from 28 tissues collected from 32 animals using Super deepSAGE technology. Excellent sequencing depth was achieved for each multiplexed library, and replicated samples from the same tissues clustered together, demonstrating the high quality of Super deepSAGE data. Comparison with previous research indicated that our results not only have good reproducibility but also have greatly extended the coverage of the sample types as well as the number of genes. Clustering analysis revealed ten groups of genes showing distinct expression patterns among these samples. Our analysis of over-represented binding motifs identified 41 regulators, and we demonstrated a potential application of this dataset in infectious diseases and immune biology research by identifying an LPS-dependent transcription factor, runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The selected genes are specifically responsible for the transcription of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK), and vav1 oncogene (VAV1), which belong to the T and B cell signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS The Super deepSAGE technology and tissue-differential expression profiles are valuable resources for investigating the porcine gene expression regulation. The identified RUNX1 target genes belong to the T and B cell signaling pathways, making them novel potential targets for the diagnosis and therapy of bacterial infections and other immune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tinghua Huang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Kaihui Dong
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Shijia Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Wang Chen
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Yin
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Jin
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Deng
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Zhou Guan
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Xiali Huang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Rongxun Han
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Min Yao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Beyond the Cell Surface: Targeting Intracellular Negative Regulators to Enhance T cell Anti-Tumor Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235821. [PMID: 31756921 PMCID: PMC6929154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that extracellular proteins that negatively regulate T cell function, such as Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and Programmed Cell Death protein 1 (PD-1), can be effectively targeted to enhance cancer immunotherapies and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells (CAR-T cells). Intracellular proteins that inhibit T cell receptor (TCR) signal transduction, though less well studied, are also potentially useful therapeutic targets to enhance T cell activity against tumor. Four major classes of enzymes that attenuate TCR signaling include E3 ubiquitin kinases such as the Casitas B-lineage lymphoma proteins (Cbl-b and c-Cbl), and Itchy (Itch), inhibitory tyrosine phosphatases, such as Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatases (SHP-1 and SHP-2), inhibitory protein kinases, such as C-terminal Src kinase (Csk), and inhibitory lipid kinases such as Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (SHIP) and Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs). This review describes the mechanism of action of eighteen intracellular inhibitory regulatory proteins in T cells within these four classes, and assesses their potential value as clinical targets to enhance the anti-tumor activity of endogenous T cells and CAR-T cells.
Collapse
|
16
|
Andreotti AH, Joseph RE, Conley JM, Iwasa J, Berg LJ. Multidomain Control Over TEC Kinase Activation State Tunes the T Cell Response. Annu Rev Immunol 2019; 36:549-578. [PMID: 29677469 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042617-053344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Signaling through the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) activates a series of tyrosine kinases. Directly associated with the TCR, the SRC family kinase LCK and the SYK family kinase ZAP-70 are essential for all downstream responses to TCR stimulation. In contrast, the TEC family kinase ITK is not an obligate component of the TCR cascade. Instead, ITK functions as a tuning dial, to translate variations in TCR signal strength into differential programs of gene expression. Recent insights into TEC kinase structure have provided a view into the molecular mechanisms that generate different states of kinase activation. In resting lymphocytes, TEC kinases are autoinhibited, and multiple interactions between the regulatory and kinase domains maintain low activity. Following TCR stimulation, newly generated signaling modules compete with the autoinhibited core and shift the conformational ensemble to the fully active kinase. This multidomain control over kinase activation state provides a structural mechanism to account for ITK's ability to tune the TCR signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy H Andreotti
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA; ,
| | - Raji E Joseph
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA; ,
| | - James M Conley
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA; ,
| | - Janet Iwasa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA;
| | - Leslie J Berg
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA; ,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bros M, Haas K, Moll L, Grabbe S. RhoA as a Key Regulator of Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070733. [PMID: 31319592 PMCID: PMC6678964 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoA is a ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic protein that belongs to the family of small GTPases. RhoA acts as a molecular switch that is activated in response to binding of chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors, and via mDia and the ROCK signaling cascade regulates the activation of cytoskeletal proteins, and other factors. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge on the role of RhoA as a general key regulator of immune cell differentiation and function. The contribution of RhoA for the primary functions of innate immune cell types, namely neutrophils, macrophages, and conventional dendritic cells (DC) to (i) get activated by pathogen-derived and endogenous danger signals, (ii) migrate to sites of infection and inflammation, and (iii) internalize pathogens has been fairly established. In activated DC, which constitute the most potent antigen-presenting cells of the immune system, RhoA is also important for the presentation of pathogen-derived antigen and the formation of an immunological synapse between DC and antigen-specific T cells as a prerequisite to induce adaptive T cell responses. In T cells and B cells as the effector cells of the adaptive immune system Rho signaling is pivotal for activation and migration. More recently, mutations of Rho and Rho-modulating factors have been identified to predispose for autoimmune diseases and as causative for hematopoietic malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bros
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Dermatology, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Katharina Haas
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Dermatology, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lorna Moll
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Dermatology, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Dermatology, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kang L, Hao X, Tang Y, Zhao Z, Zhang H, Gong Y. Elevated level of Vav1 was correlated with advanced biological behavior and poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:391-398. [PMID: 31938123 PMCID: PMC6957931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Vav1 play key roles in the progression of human cancer. However, the role of Vav1 in gastric cancer (GC) remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the potential relevance of the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic significance of Vav1 in GC patients. METHODS The protein expression of Vav1 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed samples obtained from 105 GC patients. RESULTS Positive Vav1 expression was correlated with larger tumor size and more lymph node metastasis (P<0.05) in GC tissues. Serosal invasion (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.764, P = 0.007), lymph node metastasis (HR = 1.298, P = 0.002) and Vav1 expression (HR = 0.436, P = 0.006) were identified as independent factors of the overall survival (OS) of GC patients. For advanced GC patients, lymph node metastasis (HR = 1.310, P = 0.003) and Vav1 expression (HR = 0.443, P = 0.010) were the independent prognostic factors of OS. CONCLUSION Vav1 performs important functions in the aggressiveness of GC, and Vav1 may serve as a novel prognostic factor in GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Kang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Hospital of ITCWM, Nankai HospitalTianjin, China
| | - Xuwen Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Hospital of ITCWM, Nankai HospitalTianjin, China
| | - Yanping Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Hospital of ITCWM, Nankai HospitalTianjin, China
| | - Zhihua Zhao
- Department of Gastric Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjin, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Department of Gastric Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjin, China
| | - Yanxia Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Hospital of ITCWM, Nankai HospitalTianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bunaciu RP, MacDonald RJ, Gao F, Johnson LM, Varner JD, Wang X, Nataraj S, Guzman ML, Yen A. Potential for subsets of wt-NPM1 primary AML blasts to respond to retinoic acid treatment. Oncotarget 2017; 9:4134-4149. [PMID: 29423110 PMCID: PMC5790527 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has high mortality rates, perhaps reflecting a lack of understanding of the molecular diversity in various subtypes and a lack of known actionable targets. There are currently 12 open clinical trials for AML using combination therapeutic modalities including all-trans retinoic acid (RA). Mutant nucleophosmin-1, proposed as a possible marker for RA response, is the criterion for recruiting patients in three active RA phase 3 clinical trials. We tested the ability of RA alone or in combination with either bosutinib (B) or 6-formylindolo(3,2-b) carbazole (F) to induce conversion of 12 de novo AML samples toward a more differentiated phenotype. We assessed levels of expression of cell surface markers associated with differentiation, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and glucose uptake activity. Colony formation capacity was reduced with the combined treatment of RA and B or F, and correlated with modulation of a c-Cbl/Lyn/c-Raf-centered signalsome. Combination treatment was in most cases more effective than RA alone. Based on their responses to the treatments, some primary leukemic samples cluster closer to HL-60 cells than to other primary samples, suggesting that they may represent a hitherto undefined AML subtype that is potentially responsive to RA in a combination differentiation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodica P Bunaciu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Feng Gao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lynn M Johnson
- Cornell Statistical Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Varner
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sarah Nataraj
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica L Guzman
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Yen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
李 勇, 檀 碧. Vav基因家族的分子调控机制及其与消化系恶性肿瘤的关系. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:2102-2108. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i23.2102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vav基因家族包括Vav1、Vav2、Vav3基因, 在生理及病理过程中都发挥着重要的调控作用. 近年来发现Vav基因家族成员与消化系恶性肿瘤有较为密切的关系, 已取得了一些研究成果. 但迄今为止有关Vav基因家族成员与消化系恶性肿瘤关系的研究还不全面, 且有一些结果不一致. 因此, 总结Vav基因家族成员的调控机制并分析其在消化系恶性肿瘤中发挥的作用有可能对阐明发病机制、提出新的治疗靶点有益. 故本文对Vav基因家族的分子功能、调控机制及在消化系恶性肿瘤中的作用进行了综述及总结, 并对该基因家族的潜在价值进行了预测.
Collapse
|
21
|
Álvarez-Salamero C, Castillo-González R, Navarro MN. Lighting Up T Lymphocyte Signaling with Quantitative Phosphoproteomics. Front Immunol 2017; 8:938. [PMID: 28848546 PMCID: PMC5552657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation is the most abundant post-translational modification, regulating several aspects of protein and cell function. Quantitative phosphoproteomics approaches have expanded the scope of phosphorylation analysis enabling the quantification of changes in thousands of phosphorylation sites simultaneously in two or more conditions. These approaches offer a global view of the impact of cellular perturbations such as extracellular stimuli or gene ablation in intracellular signaling networks. Such great potential also brings on a new challenge: to identify, among the thousands of phosphorylations found in global phosphoproteomics studies, the small subset of site-specific phosphorylations expected to be functionally relevant. This review focus on updating and integrating findings on T lymphocyte signaling generated using global phosphoproteomics approaches, drawing attention on the biological relevance of the obtained data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candelas Álvarez-Salamero
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María N Navarro
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Belmont J, Gu T, Mudd A, Salomon AR. A PLC-γ1 Feedback Pathway Regulates Lck Substrate Phosphorylation at the T-Cell Receptor and SLP-76 Complex. J Proteome Res 2017. [PMID: 28644030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLC-γ1) occupies a critically important position in the T-cell signaling pathway. While its functions as a regulator of both Ca2+ signaling and PKC-family kinases are well characterized, PLC-γ1's role in the regulation of early T-cell receptor signaling events is incompletely understood. Activation of the T-cell receptor leads to the formation of a signalosome complex between SLP-76, LAT, PLC-γ1, Itk, and Vav1. Recent studies have revealed the existence of both positive and negative feedback pathways from SLP-76 to the apical kinase in the pathway, Lck. To determine if PLC-γ1 contributes to the regulation of these feedback networks, we performed a quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of PLC-γ1-deficient T cells. These data revealed a previously unappreciated role for PLC-γ1 in the positive regulation of Zap-70 and T-cell receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. Conversely, PLC-γ1 negatively regulated the phosphorylation of SLP-76-associated proteins, including previously established Lck substrate phosphorylation sites within this complex. While the positive and negative regulatory phosphorylation sites on Lck were largely unchanged, Tyr192 phosphorylation was elevated in Jgamma1. The data supports a model wherein Lck's targeting, but not its kinase activity, is altered by PLC-γ1, possibly through Lck Tyr192 phosphorylation and increased association of the kinase with protein scaffolds SLP-76 and TSAd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judson Belmont
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Tao Gu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Ashley Mudd
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Arthur R Salomon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ahsan N, Belmont J, Chen Z, Clifton JG, Salomon AR. Highly reproducible improved label-free quantitative analysis of cellular phosphoproteome by optimization of LC-MS/MS gradient and analytical column construction. J Proteomics 2017. [PMID: 28634120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Expanding the sequencing depth of the peptides with a statistically significant quantitative change derived from a biological stimulation is critical. Here we demonstrate that optimization of LC gradient and analytical column construction can reveal over 30,000 unique peptides and 23,000 phosphopeptides at high confidence. The quantitative reproducibility of different analytical workflows was evaluated by comparing the phosphoproteome of CD3/4 stimulated and unstimulated T-cells as a model system. A fritless, 50cm-long column packed with 1.9μm particles operated with a standard pressure HPLC significantly improved the sequencing depth 51% and decreased the selected ion chromatogram peak spreading. Most importantly, under the optimal workflow we observed an improvement of over 300% in detection of significantly changed phosphopeptides in the stimulated cells compared with the other workflows. The discovery power of the optimized column configuration was illustrated by identification of significantly altered phosphopeptides harboring novel sites from proteins previously established as important in T cell signaling including A-Raf, B-Raf, c-Myc, CARMA1, Fyn, ITK, LAT, NFAT1/2/3, PKCα, PLCγ1/2, RAF1, and SOS1. Taken together, our results reveal the analytical power of optimized chromatography using sub 2μm particles for the analysis of the T cell phosphoproteome to reveal a vast landscape of significantly altered phosphorylation changes in response to T cell receptor stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagib Ahsan
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Center for Cancer Research Development, Proteomics Core Facility, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Judson Belmont
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - James G Clifton
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown, University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Arthur R Salomon
- Center for Cancer Research Development, Proteomics Core Facility, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Low level of Lck kinase in Th2 cells limits expression of CD4 co-receptor and S73 phosphorylation of transcription factor c-Jun. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2339. [PMID: 28539628 PMCID: PMC5443812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Src-family tyrosine kinase Lck is an enzyme associated with the CD4 and CD8 co-receptors and promoting signaling through the T cell receptor (TCR) complex. The levels of Lck expression and activity change during the development and differentiation of T cells. Here we show that Lck expression is higher in Th1 cells as compared to Th2 cells. Ectopic overexpression of Lck in Th2 cells results in increased expression of CD4 co-receptor and enhanced S73 phosphorylation of transcription factor c-Jun. Our findings indicate that TCR-mediated signaling in Th2 cells may be directly attenuated by Lck protein expression level.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
TCR signaling critically depends on protein phosphorylation across many proteins. Localization of each phosphorylation event relative to the T-cell receptor (TCR) and canonical T-cell signaling proteins will provide clues about the structure of TCR signaling networks. Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis by mass spectrometry provides a wide-scale view of cellular phosphorylation networks. However, analysis of phosphorylation by mass spectrometry is still challenging due to the relative low abundance of phosphorylated proteins relative to all proteins and the extraordinary diversity of phosphorylation sites across the proteome. Highly selective enrichment of phosphorylated peptides is essential to provide the most comprehensive view of the phosphoproteome. Optimization of phosphopeptide enrichment methods coupled with highly sensitive mass spectrometry workflows significantly improves the sequencing depth of the phosphoproteome to over 10,000 unique phosphorylation sites from complex cell lysates. Here we describe a step-by-step method for phosphoproteomic analysis that has achieved widespread success for identification of serine, threonine, and tyrosine phosphorylation. Reproducible quantification of relative phosphopeptide abundance is provided by intensity-based label-free quantitation. An ideal set of mass spectrometry analysis parameters is also provided that optimize the yield of identified sites. We also provide guidelines for the bioinformatic analysis of this type of data to assess the quality of the data and to comply with proteomic data reporting requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagib Ahsan
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Development, Proteomics Core Facility, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Arthur R Salomon
- Center for Cancer Research and Development, Proteomics Core Facility, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li R, Li H, Sun Q, Liu L, Zhang C, Ren X. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase regulates T cell activity through Vav1/Rac pathway. Mol Immunol 2016; 81:102-107. [PMID: 27930920 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The immunoregulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) suppresses T-cell responses and promotes immune tolerance in tumor resistance. A previous study determined that IDO inhibits Vav1 mRNA expression and the activation of Vav1 and its downstream targets in T cells in the guanine exchange factor (GEF)-independent pathway. The current study aims to determine whether IDO induces T-cell immunosuppression through Vav1/Rac signaling pathway, which is a GEF-dependent pathway. The correlation between Vav1 mRNA expressions in T cells of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and the levels of IDO expression in lung cancer tissues from lung cancer patients was detected. HEK293 cells were stably transfected with human IDO (HEK293-IDO). T cells were isolated from human blood. HEK293-IDO cells were co-incubated with T cells in the presence or absence of an anti-CD3 antibody to activate T cell receptor (TCR) and/or 1-methyl-l-tryptophan (1-MT) to inhibit IDO activity. The early signaling proteins in T-cytoskeleton regulation through Vav1/Rac pathway of T cell were determined. A significant and negative correlation was observed between IDO and Vav1 expression in the tumor microenvironment. IDO, which was produced by HEK293-IDO cells, significantly inhibited the expression of Vav1, which resulted in defective F-actin reorganization. Thus, TCR signaling initiation was damaged. The effects on T-cells induced by the co-culture of HEK293-IDO cells with T cells were attenuated by 1-MT. Results indicate that the inhibitory effects of IDO on T cell immune responses may occur through the down-regulation of Vav1 protein expression and the suppression of Vav1/Rac cascade. These studies provide insight into the mechanisms of immune escape induced by IDO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runmei Li
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China; Biotherapy Center, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China; Biotherapy Center, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China; Biotherapy Center, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China; Biotherapy Center, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China; Biotherapy Center, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China; Biotherapy Center, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|