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Hammid A, Honkakoski P. Ocular Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes: Focus on Esterases. Drug Metab Rev 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38888291 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2024.2368247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Anam Hammid
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonrinne3, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paavo Honkakoski
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonrinne3, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
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Wang T, Chen H, Li N, Zhang B, Min H. Aqueous humor proteomics analyzed by bioinformatics and machine learning in PDR cases versus controls. Clin Proteomics 2024; 21:36. [PMID: 38764026 PMCID: PMC11103871 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-024-09481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To comprehend the complexities of pathophysiological mechanisms and molecular events that contribute to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and evaluate the diagnostic value of aqueous humor (AH) in monitoring the onset of PDR. METHODS A cohort containing 16 PDR and 10 cataract patients and another validation cohort containing 8 PDR and 4 cataract patients were studied. AH was collected and subjected to proteomics analyses. Bioinformatics analysis and a machine learning-based pipeline called inference of biomolecular combinations with minimal bias were used to explore the functional relevance, hub proteins, and biomarkers. RESULTS Deep profiling of AH proteomes revealed several insights. First, the combination of SIAE, SEMA7A, GNS, and IGKV3D-15 and the combination of ATP6AP1, SPARCL1, and SERPINA7 could serve as surrogate protein biomarkers for monitoring PDR progression. Second, ALB, FN1, ACTB, SERPINA1, C3, and VTN acted as hub proteins in the profiling of AH proteomes. SERPINA1 was the protein with the highest correlation coefficient not only for BCVA but also for the duration of diabetes. Third, "Complement and coagulation cascades" was an important pathway for PDR development. CONCLUSIONS AH proteomics provides stable and accurate biomarkers for early warning and diagnosis of PDR. This study provides a deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PDR and a rich resource for optimizing PDR management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ningning Li
- Operating Room, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hanyi Min
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aier Eye Hospital, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Fukang Road No.102, Tianjin, China.
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Sachdeva MM, Lee Y, Unlu EK, Koseoglu ND, Cha E, Wang J, Prescott CR, Eghrari AO, Na CH. Tandem Mass Tag LC-MS/MS of Aqueous Humor From Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Without Retinopathy Reveals Early Dysregulation of Synaptic Proteins. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:16. [PMID: 38470329 PMCID: PMC10939138 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.3.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose An early neurodegenerative component of diabetic retinal disease (DRD) that precedes the vascular findings of clinically diagnosed diabetic retinopathy (DR) is increasingly being recognized. However, the relevant molecular mechanisms and biomarkers for early DRD are poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to uncover novel potential mediators of early diabetic retinal neuronal dysfunction through analysis of the aqueous fluid proteome in preclinical DR. Methods Aqueous fluid was collected from subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) but no clinical DR and from nondiabetic controls undergoing routine cataract surgery. Preoperative spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the macula was obtained. Tandem mass tag LC-MS/MS was performed to identify proteins differentially present in diabetic and control aqueous fluid, and proteins with >50% change and P < 0.05 were considered significant. Selected results were validated with western blot of human aqueous fluid samples. Results We identified decreased levels of proteins implicated in neuronal synapse formation and increased levels of inflammatory proteins in the aqueous fluid from patients with type 2 DM but no DR compared with controls. Of the differentially present synaptic proteins that we identified and confirmed with western blot, the majority have not previously been linked with DRD. Conclusions The proteomic profile of aqueous fluid from individuals with type 2 DM but no DR suggests that retinal neuronal dysfunction and inflammation represent very early events in the pathophysiology of DRD. These findings support the concept that diabetic retinal neurodegeneration precedes vascular pathology and reveal novel potential mediators and/or biomarkers warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira M. Sachdeva
- Retina Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Yoonjung Lee
- Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Eda K. Unlu
- Retina Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Neslihan D. Koseoglu
- Retina Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Eumee Cha
- Retina Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jiangxia Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Christina R. Prescott
- Cornea Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Allen O. Eghrari
- Cornea Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Chan Hyun Na
- Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Taloni A, Coco G, Rastelli D, Buffon G, Scorcia V, Giannaccare G. Safety and Efficacy of Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant Given Either First-Line or Second-Line in Diabetic Macular Edema. Patient Prefer Adherence 2023; 17:3307-3329. [PMID: 38106365 PMCID: PMC10725633 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s427209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a common sight-threatening complication of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the leading cause of severe visual impairment among the working-age population. Several therapeutic options are available for the management of DME, including intravitreal corticosteroids. They have been traditionally used as second-line treatment, due to the risk of intraocular pressure increase and cataract-related adverse events. However, attention has recently been focused on the primary or early use of intravitreal corticosteroids, due to growing evidence of the crucial role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of DME. Furthermore, intravitreal steroid implants offer the additional advantage of a longer duration of action compared to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents (anti-VEGF). This review aims to summarize the available evidence on the efficacy and safety profile of dexamethasone (DEX) intravitreal implant, with a specific focus on clinical scenarios in which it might be considered or even preferred as first-line treatment option by adequate selection of patients, considering both advantages and possible adverse events. Patients with contraindications to anti-VEGF, DME with high inflammatory OCT biomarkers, pseudophakic patients and phakic patients' candidates to cataract surgery as well as vitrectomized eyes may all benefit from first-line DEX implant. Additionally, DME not responders to anti-VEGF should be considered for a switch to DEX implant and a combination therapy of DEX implant and anti-VEGF could be a valid option in severe and persistent DME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Taloni
- Department of Ophthalmology, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giulia Coco
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Rastelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Policlinico Casilino, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacinta Buffon
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Scorcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Loukovaara S, Korhonen A, Niskanen L, Haukka J. Development of diabetic macular oedema shows associations with systemic medication - An epidemiological study. Acta Ophthalmol 2023. [PMID: 37789702 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify associations between systemic drugs and the incidence of diabetic macular oedema (DME). Of interest was to find beneficial and/or deleterious associations of used drugs. METHODS A historic cohort design based on administrative data. Study population consisted of 150 353 individuals with diabetes. Endpoint event was the development of DME (ICD-10 H36.01), censoring events were death or study end December 2017. The follow-up started between 1997 and 2010. The systemic medication consisted of 95 substances. We constructed a nested case-control study design comparing 2630 cases with DME to 13 144 age- and sex-matched controls without DME. Results are reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS Incidence rate for DME was 1.80 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 1.73-1.87). In all, we observed a lower incidence rate of DME in females (IRR 0.57; 95% CI 0.52-0.62) compared to males. Exposure to hormone replacement therapy estradiol (OR 0.42; 0.25-0.68), temazepam (0.23; 0.08-0.62) and allopurinol (0.61; 0.43-0.86) were associated with lower risk of DME, while use of insulin or insulin analogue (3.30; 2.99-3.64), sulfonylureas (1.21; 1.05-1.40), diuretic furosemide (1.90; 1.61-2.24), calcium channel blocker amlodipine (1.53; 1.34-1.75), ACE inhibitors ramipril (1.66; 1.46-1.89) and enalapril (1.38; 1.16-1.64) were associated with an increased risk of DME. CONCLUSIONS Large-scale studies examining the incidence of DME are lacking. Our findings suggest that associations of systemic medications with the incidence of DME may shed light on the pathogenesis of complex DME, encouraging further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirpa Loukovaara
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ani Korhonen
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leo Niskanen
- Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti and Eira Hospital, Helsinki Finland and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Haukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Sen S, Udaya P, Jeya Maheshwari J, Kohli P, Parida H, Kannan NB, Ramasamy K, Dharmalingam K. Comparative proteomics of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in people with Type 2 diabetes highlights the role of inflammation, visual transduction, and extracellular matrix pathways. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:3069-3079. [PMID: 37530283 PMCID: PMC10538831 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_276_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the vitreous humor proteome from type 2 diabetes subjects with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in the Indian population. Methods We performed mass spectrometry-based label-free quantitative analysis of vitreous proteome of PDR (n = 13) and idiopathic macular hole (IMH; control) subjects (n = 14). Nine samples of PDR and 10 samples of IMH were pooled as case and control, respectively, and compared. Four samples each of PDR and IMH were analyzed individually without pooling to validate the results of the pooled analysis. Comparative quantification was performed using Scaffold software which calculated the fold changes of differential expression. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using DAVID and STRING software. Results We identified 469 proteins in PDR and 517 proteins in IMH vitreous, with an overlap of 172 proteins. Also, 297 unique proteins were identified in PDR and 345 in IMH. In PDR vitreous, 37 proteins were upregulated (P < 0.05) and 19 proteins were downregulated compared to IMH. Protein distribution analysis clearly demonstrated a separation of protein expression in PDR and IMH. Significantly upregulated proteins included fibrinogen gamma chain, fibrinogen beta chain, and carbonic anhydrase 1 and downregulated proteins included alpha-1-antitrypsin, retinol-binding protein 3, neuroserpin, cystatin C, carboxypeptidase E and cathepsin-D. Conclusion Diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis involves proteins which belong to inflammation, visual transduction, and extracellular matrix pathways. Validation-based experiments using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or western blotting are needed to establish cause and effect relationships of these proteins to the disease state, to develop them as biomarkers or drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Sen
- Department of Retina and Vitreous Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Proteomics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prithviraj Udaya
- Department of Retina and Vitreous Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Proteomics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Piyush Kohli
- Department of Retina and Vitreous Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Haemoglobin Parida
- Department of Retina and Vitreous Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naresh Babu Kannan
- Department of Retina and Vitreous Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kim Ramasamy
- Department of Retina and Vitreous Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Dong S, Chen L, Sauer A, Dittus L. LC/MS Assessment of Glycoform Clearance of A Biotherapeutic MAb in Rabbit Ocular Tissues. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2285-2291. [PMID: 37062414 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Many biotherapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) consist of various glycoforms, which can have different PK properties upon administration to animals and human. As a result, it is necessary to monitor the abundance of glycoforms and limit lot-to-lot variability during the manufacturing process. However, limited information is known about the clearance of mAb glycoforms from ocular space upon intravitreal injection. We present here an assessment of glycoform clearance of a biotherapeutic mAb (IgG1) from rabbit vitreous humor, aqueous humor and retina tissue using LC/MS. The results show that G0, G0F and G1F have similar T1/2, while mannose-5 has a longer T1/2 and is cleared slower in rabbit ocular space, which contradicted with what has been reported in the literature in which Mann5 was cleared faster systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Dong
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Linzhi Chen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | - Achim Sauer
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG. Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Lars Dittus
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG. Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
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Raveendran R, Prabakaran L, Senthil R, Yesudhason BV, Dharmalingam S, Sathyaraj WV, Atchudan R. Current Innovations in Intraocular Pressure Monitoring Biosensors for Diagnosis and Treatment of Glaucoma-Novel Strategies and Future Perspectives. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:663. [PMID: 37367028 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are devices that quantify biologically significant information required for diverse applications, such as disease diagnosis, food safety, drug discovery and detection of environmental pollutants. Recent advancements in microfluidics, nanotechnology and electronics have led to the development of novel implantable and wearable biosensors for the expedient monitoring of diseases such as diabetes, glaucoma and cancer. Glaucoma is an ocular disease which ranks as the second leading cause for loss of vision. It is characterized by the increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) in human eyes, which results in irreversible blindness. Currently, the reduction of IOP is the only treatment used to manage glaucoma. However, the success rate of medicines used to treat glaucoma is quite minimal due to their curbed bioavailability and reduced therapeutic efficacy. The drugs must pass through various barriers to reach the intraocular space, which in turn serves as a major challenge in glaucoma treatment. Rapid progress has been observed in nano-drug delivery systems for the early diagnosis and prompt therapy of ocular diseases. This review gives a deep insight into the current advancements in the field of nanotechnology for detecting and treating glaucoma, as well as for the continuous monitoring of IOP. Various nanotechnology-based achievements, such as nanoparticle/nanofiber-based contact lenses and biosensors that can efficiently monitor IOP for the efficient detection of glaucoma, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubiya Raveendran
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lokesh Prabakaran
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rethinam Senthil
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Beryl Vedha Yesudhason
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sankari Dharmalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Weslen Vedakumari Sathyaraj
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raji Atchudan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ulhaq ZS, Hasan YTN, Rosyidin NK, Istifiani LA, Pamungkas SA, Soraya GV. A systematic proteomic profiling and pathway analysis of protein biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy with subsequent validation of the IL-6 upstream regulator. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:801-815. [PMID: 37255833 PMCID: PMC10225401 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Identifying risk factors associated with DR development and progression is crucial for improving treatment efficacy. Although proteomic changes in DR have been extensively studied, the results remain equivocal. Hence, this study aims to summarize and identify potential diagnostic or prognostic markers for DR. In addition, the upstream regulator responsible for protein deregulation of this disease was also validated. Methods We systematically analyzed the current literature on proteomic profile changes in DR, followed by pathway analysis identification. To validate the protein level changes, ELISA was performed from serum samples collected from 27 patients with DR and 25 healthy controls. Results Our analysis revealed that 1 candidate marker (afamin [AFM]) distinguished non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) from type 2 diabetic patients with no diabetic retinopathy/controls, 65 candidate markers distinguished proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) from NPDR, 1 candidate marker (thyroid receptor-interacting protein 11 [TRIP11]) distinguished PDR from PDR-DME/DME, and 3 candidate markers for therapeutic evaluation of PDR. Our results pinpoint that inflammatory response, which IL-6 mainly modulated, is responsible for the changes of proteomic profiles identified in DR. This was also validated by ELISA analysis, indicating that IL-6 could be potentially useful for diagnosing DR. Conclusion We report a comprehensive patient-based proteomic approach to identify potential biomarkers for DR diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment evaluation. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01204-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Research Center for Pre-Clinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuliono Trika Nur Hasan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Maulana Malik State Islamic University, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Opthalmology, Karsa General Hospital, Batu, Indonesia
| | | | - Lola Ayu Istifiani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | - Gita Vita Soraya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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Ramos H, Hernández C, Simó R, Simó-Servat O. Inflammation: The Link between Neural and Vascular Impairment in the Diabetic Retina and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108796. [PMID: 37240138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is complex, multifactorial and compromises all the elements of the retinal neurovascular unit (NVU). This diabetic complication has a chronic low-grade inflammatory component involving multiple inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules. The diabetic milieu promotes reactive gliosis, pro-inflammatory cytokine production and leukocyte recruitment, which contribute to the disruption of the blood retinal barrier. The understanding and the continuous research of the mechanisms behind the strong inflammatory component of the disease allows the design of new therapeutic strategies to address this unmet medical need. In this context, the aim of this review article is to recapitulate the latest research on the role of inflammation in DR and to discuss the efficacy of currently administered anti-inflammatory treatments and those still under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Ramos
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernández
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Simó-Servat
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Li H, Xie X, Liu H, Zhang L, Qiang D, Li L, He YT, Bai G. Analysis of protein expression changes in patients with prediabetes using proteomics approaches. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9448. [PMID: 36460301 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Proteomics and metabolomics are widely used in the study of diabetes, but rarely in prediabetes research. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by analyzing proteomic changes at different stages of glucose metabolism. METHODS A total of 40 individuals undergoing routine physical health examinations between December 2016 and April 2017 were enrolled. Subjects were divided into four groups based on fasting blood glucose (FPG) levels: FPG < 5.6 mmol/L (group A); FPG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L and <6.1 mmol/L (group B); FPG ≥ 6.1 mmol/L and <7.0 mmol/L (group C); and FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (group D). Each group had 10 cases. Sera from these 40 subjects were analyzed by label-free quantitative liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). LC/MS/MS with selected reaction monitoring mode was also performed for qualitative and quantitative metabolomics analysis. Differentially expressed proteins were identified. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to analyze the differentially expressed metabolites. RESULTS A total of 202 differentially expressed proteins were screened and were identified as mainly secreted proteins. Comparing group A with group B, 32 proteins were up-regulated and 18 proteins were down-regulated. Comparing group A with group C, 24 proteins were up-regulated and 24 proteins were down-regulated. Comparing group A with group D, 19 proteins were up-regulated and 17 proteins were down-regulated. The fold change for up-regulated proteins was >1.2, p < 0.05, while the fold change for down-regulated proteins was <-1.2, p < 0.05. PLS-DA and OPLS-DA revealed 113 differentially expressed metabolites. Correlation analysis of differentially expressed metabolites of group A versus group B revealed that among the down-regulated differential proteins, transforming growth factor β-induced protein ig-h3 correlated negatively with metabolite L-saccharin, while among the up-regulated differential proteins, apolipoprotein C-IV correlated negatively with metabolite 3-methyloxindole. Among all differentially expressed proteins, 19 proteins were associated with early initiation of chronic inflammation, including CD14 and CSF-1R, which were newly identified in the early onset of T2DM. CONCLUSIONS Many proteins are differentially expressed between prediabetes and after T2DM diagnosis, although the specific mechanism remains unclear. The expression level of CD14 was significantly up-regulated and that of CSF-1R was significantly down-regulated when FPG was ≥5.6 mmol/L, suggesting that CD14 and CSF-1R may be important markers for early-onset T2DM and may serve as new targets for T2DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaomin Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Huili Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dan Qiang
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yan Ting He
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guirong Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
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12
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Meng Z, You R, Mahmood A, Yan F, Wang Y. Application of Proteomics Analysis and Animal Models in Optic Nerve Injury Diseases. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030404. [PMID: 36979214 PMCID: PMC10046207 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic nerve damage is a common cause of blindness. Optic nerve injury is often accompanied by fundus vascular disease, retinal ganglion cell apoptosis, and changes in retinal thickness. These changes can cause alterations in protein expression within neurons in the retina. Proteomics analysis offers conclusive evidence to decode a biological system. Furthermore, animal models of optic nerve injury made it possible to gain insight into pathological mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and effective treatment of such injuries. Proteomics takes the proteome as the research object and studies protein changes in cells and tissues. At present, a variety of proteomic analysis methods have been widely used in the research of optic nerve injury diseases. This review summarizes the application of proteomic research in optic nerve injury diseases and animal models of optic nerve injury. Additionally, differentially expressed proteins are summarized and analyzed. Various optic nerve injuries, including those associated with different etiologies, are discussed along with their potential therapeutic targets and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ran You
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Arif Mahmood
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Fancheng Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (Y.W.)
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13
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Valdivia AO, He Y, Ren X, Wen D, Dong L, Nazari H, Li X. Probable Treatment Targets for Diabetic Retinopathy Based on an Integrated Proteomic and Genomic Analysis. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:8. [PMID: 36745438 PMCID: PMC9910385 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Using previously approved medications for new indications can expedite the lengthy and expensive drug development process. We describe a bioinformatics pipeline that integrates genomics and proteomics platforms to identify already-approved drugs that might be useful to treat diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods Proteomics analysis of vitreous humor samples from 12 patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for DR and a whole genome dataset (UKBiobank TOPMed-imputed) from 1330 individuals with DR and 395,155 controls were analyzed independently to identify biological pathways associated with DR. Common biological pathways shared between both datasets were further analyzed (STRING and REACTOME analyses) to identify target proteins for probable drug modulation. Curated target proteins were subsequently analyzed by the BindingDB database to identify chemical compounds they interact with. Identified chemical compounds were further curated through the Expasy SwissSimilarity database for already-approved drugs that interact with target proteins. Results The pathways in each dataset (proteomics and genomics) converged in the upregulation of a previously unknown pathway involved in DR (RUNX2 signaling; constituents MMP-13 and LGALS3), with an emphasis on its role in angiogenesis and blood-retina barrier. Bioinformatics analysis identified U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications (raltitrexed, pemetrexed, glyburide, probenecid, clindamycin hydrochloride, and ticagrelor) that, in theory, may modulate this pathway. Conclusions The bioinformatics pipeline described here identifies FDA-approved drugs that can be used for new alternative indications. These theoretical candidate drugs should be validated with experimental studies. Translational Relevance Our study suggests possible drugs for DR treatment based on an integrated proteomics and genomics pipeline. This approach can potentially expedite the drug discovery process by identifying already-approved drugs that might be used for new indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anddre Osmar Valdivia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ye He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinjun Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dejia Wen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijie Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hossein Nazari
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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14
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Mishra D, Gade S, Glover K, Sheshala R, Singh TRR. Vitreous Humor: Composition, Characteristics and Implication on Intravitreal Drug Delivery. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:208-218. [PMID: 36036478 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2119254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Intravitreal administration of drug molecules is one of the most common routes for treating posterior segment eye diseases. However, the properties of vitreous humour changes with the time. A number of ocular complications such as liquefaction of the vitreous humour, solidification of the vitreous humour in the central vitreous cavity and detachment of the limiting membrane due to the shrinking of vitreous humour are some of the factors that can drastically affect the efficacy of therapeutics delivered via intravitreal route. Although significant research has been conducted for studying the properties of vitreous humour and its changes during the ageing process, there have been limited work to understand the effect of these changes on therapeutic efficacy of intravitreal drug delivery systems. Therefore, in this review we discussed both the coomposition and characteristics of the vitreous humour, and their subsequent influence on intravitreal drug delivery.Methods: Articles were searched on Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science up to March 2022.Results: In this review, we discussed the biological composition and biomechanical properties of vitreous humour, methods to study the properties of vitreous humour and the changes in these properties and their relevance in ocular drug delivery field, with the aim to provide a useful insight into these aspects which can aid the process of development of novel intravitreal drug delivery systems.Conclusions: The composition and characteristics of the vitreous humour, and how these change during natural aging processes, directly influence intravitreal drug delivery. This review therefore highlights the importance of understanding the properties of the vitreous and identifies the need to achieve greater understanding of how changing properties of the vitreous affect the therapeutic efficacy of drugs administered for the treatment of posterior eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepakkumar Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Shilpkala Gade
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Katie Glover
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ravi Sheshala
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Group of Affinity, Safety and Efficacy Studies (OASES), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Kuala Selangor, Malaysia
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15
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Wang W, Sun G, Xu A, Chen C. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema are two factors that increase macrophage-like cell density characterized by en face optical coherence tomography. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:46. [PMID: 36726090 PMCID: PMC9890872 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage-like cells (MLCs) located at the ILM were observed in live human retinas using adaptive optics optical coherence tomography (OCT) as well as clinically-used OCT. The study aimed to quantitatively analyzing MLCs at the vitreoretinal interface (VRI) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) using en face OCT and swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). METHODS 190 DR eyes were included in the study, with 70 proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) eyes and 120 non- proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) eyes. Sixty-three eyes from normal subjects were included as controls. MLCs were visualized in a 5 μm en face OCT slab above the VRI centered on the fovea. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to compare the OCTA parameters and the MLC parameters among groups. We evaluated the MLC density among groups on binarized images after image processing. We also investigated the relationship between MLC density and other OCT parameters including retina thickness and vessel density (VD). RESULTS The MLC density significantly increased in PDR eyes (PDR vs. NPDR, 8.97 (8.40) cells/mm2 vs.6.14 (8.78) cells/mm2, P = 0.013; PDR vs. normal, 8.97 (8.40) cells/mm2vs. 6.48 (6.71) cells/mm2, P = 0.027) and diabetic macular edema (DME) eyes (DME vs. without DME, 8.94 (8.26) vs.6.09 (9.00), P = 0.005). After adjusting for age and gender, MLC density in NPDR eyes negatively correlated to VD of deep capillary plexus (DCP) (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS SS-OCTA is a non-invasive and simple method for the characterization of MLCs at the VRI. PDR and DME are two factors that increase MLC density. MLC density also correlated with VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Wang
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gongpeng Sun
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Amin Xu
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changzheng Chen
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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16
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Diabetic Retinopathy: Soluble and Imaging Ocular Biomarkers. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030912. [PMID: 36769560 PMCID: PMC9917666 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, represents the leading cause of acquired blindness in the working-age population. Due to the potential absence of symptoms in the early stages of the disease, the identification of clinical biomarkers can have a crucial role in the early diagnosis of DR as well as for the detection of prognostic factors. In particular, imaging techniques are fundamental tools for screening, diagnosis, classification, monitoring, treatment planning and prognostic assessment in DR. In this context, the identification of ocular and systemic biomarkers is crucial to facilitate the risk stratification of diabetic patients; moreover, reliable biomarkers could provide prognostic information on disease progression as well as assist in predicting a patient's response to therapy. In this context, this review aimed to provide an updated and comprehensive overview of the soluble and anatomical biomarkers associated with DR.
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17
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Weber S, Carruthers N, Gates C, Zhao Y, Sundstrom J. Mass Spectrometry-Based Vitreous Proteomics: Validated Methods and Analysis Pipeline. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2678:157-167. [PMID: 37326711 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3255-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Retinal diseases like diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration affect millions of individuals worldwide and often lead to vision loss. Vitreous fluid abuts the retina, is accessible for sampling, and contains many proteins related to retinal disease. Therefore, analysis of vitreous is an important tool for studying retinal disease. Because it is rich in proteins and extracellular vesicles, mass spectrometry-based proteomics is an excellent method for vitreous analysis. Here, we discuss important variables to consider when performing vitreous proteomics via mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Weber
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nick Carruthers
- Bioinformatics Core, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chris Gates
- Bioinformatics Core, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuanjun Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Sundstrom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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18
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Santos FM, Ciordia S, Mesquita J, Cruz C, Sousa JPCE, Passarinha LA, Tomaz CT, Paradela A. Proteomics profiling of vitreous humor reveals complement and coagulation components, adhesion factors, and neurodegeneration markers as discriminatory biomarkers of vitreoretinal eye diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107295. [PMID: 36875133 PMCID: PMC9978817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are leading causes of visual impairment and blindness in people aged 50 years or older in middle-income and industrialized countries. Anti-VEGF therapies have improved the management of neovascular AMD (nAMD) and proliferative DR (PDR), no treatment options exist for the highly prevalent dry form of AMD. Methods To unravel the biological processes underlying these pathologies and to find new potential biomarkers, a label-free quantitative (LFQ) method was applied to analyze the vitreous proteome in PDR (n=4), AMD (n=4) compared to idiopathic epiretinal membranes (ERM) (n=4). Results and discussion Post-hoc tests revealed 96 proteins capable of differentiating among the different groups, whereas 118 proteins were found differentially regulated in PDR compared to ERM and 95 proteins in PDR compared to dry AMD. Pathway analysis indicates that mediators of complement, coagulation cascades and acute phase responses are enriched in PDR vitreous, whilst proteins highly correlated to the extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, platelet degranulation, lysosomal degradation, cell adhesion, and central nervous system development were found underexpressed. According to these results, 35 proteins were selected and monitored by MRM (multiple reaction monitoring) in a larger cohort of patients with ERM (n=21), DR/PDR (n=20), AMD (n=11), and retinal detachment (n=13). Of these, 26 proteins could differentiate between these vitreoretinal diseases. Based on Partial least squares discriminant and multivariate exploratory receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, a panel of 15 discriminatory biomarkers was defined, which includes complement and coagulation components (complement C2 and prothrombin), acute-phase mediators (alpha-1-antichymotrypsin), adhesion molecules (e.g., myocilin, galectin-3-binding protein), ECM components (opticin), and neurodegeneration biomarkers (beta-amyloid, amyloid-like protein 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima M Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Mesquita
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Carla Cruz
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Castro E Sousa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Luís A Passarinha
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA, Caparica, Portugal.,UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química/Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.,Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cândida T Tomaz
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Alberto Paradela
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Dos Santos FM, Ciordia S, Mesquita J, de Sousa JPC, Paradela A, Tomaz CT, Passarinha LAP. Vitreous humor proteome: unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying proliferative and neovascular vitreoretinal diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 80:22. [PMID: 36585968 PMCID: PMC11072707 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) are among the leading causes of blindness. Due to the multifactorial nature of these vitreoretinal diseases, omics approaches are essential for a deeper understanding of the pathophysiologic processes underlying the evolution to a proliferative or neovascular etiology, in which patients suffer from an abrupt loss of vision. For many years, it was thought that the function of the vitreous was merely structural, supporting and protecting the surrounding ocular tissues. Proteomics studies proved that vitreous is more complex and biologically active than initially thought, and its changes reflect the physiological and pathological state of the eye. The vitreous is the scenario of a complex interplay between inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Vitreous proteome not only reflects the pathological events that occur in the retina, but the changes in the vitreous itself play a central role in the onset and progression of vitreoretinal diseases. Therefore, this review offers an overview of the studies on the vitreous proteome that could help to elucidate some of the pathological mechanisms underlying proliferative and/or neovascular vitreoretinal diseases and to find new potential pharmaceutical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Milhano Dos Santos
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Unidad de Proteomica, Calle Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Unidad de Proteomica, Calle Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Mesquita
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Castro de Sousa
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, 2410-197, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Alberto Paradela
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Unidad de Proteomica, Calle Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cândida Teixeira Tomaz
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
- C4-UBI, Cloud Computing Competence Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-501, Covilhã, Portugal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís António Paulino Passarinha
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Universidade NOVA, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
- Pharmaco-Toxicology Laboratory, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-000, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Essential Role of Multi-Omics Approaches in the Study of Retinal Vascular Diseases. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010103. [PMID: 36611897 PMCID: PMC9818611 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal vascular disease is a highly prevalent vision-threatening ocular disease in the global population; however, its exact mechanism remains unclear. The expansion of omics technologies has revolutionized a new medical research methodology that combines multiple omics data derived from the same patients to generate multi-dimensional and multi-evidence-supported holistic inferences, providing unprecedented opportunities to elucidate the information flow of complex multi-factorial diseases. In this review, we summarize the applications of multi-omics technology to further elucidate the pathogenesis and complex molecular mechanisms underlying retinal vascular diseases. Moreover, we proposed multi-omics-based biomarker and therapeutic strategy discovery methodologies to optimize clinical and basic medicinal research approaches to retinal vascular diseases. Finally, the opportunities, current challenges, and future prospects of multi-omics analyses in retinal vascular disease studies are discussed in detail.
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21
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Sanchez MC, Chiabrando GA. Multitarget Activities of Müller Glial Cells and Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 in Proliferative Retinopathies. ASN Neuro 2022; 14:17590914221136365. [PMID: 36317314 PMCID: PMC9629547 DOI: 10.1177/17590914221136365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Müller glial cells (MGCs), the main glial component of the retina, play an active role in retinal homeostasis during development and pathological processes. They strongly monitor retinal environment and, in response to retinal imbalance, activate neuroprotective mechanisms mainly characterized by the increase of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Under these circumstances, if homeostasis is not reestablished, the retina can be severely injured and GFAP contributes to neuronal degeneration, as they occur in several proliferative retinopathies such as diabetic retinopathy, sickle cell retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. In addition, MGCs have an active participation in inflammatory responses releasing proinflammatory mediators and metalloproteinases to the extracellular space and vitreous cavity. MGCs are also involved in the retinal neovascularization and matrix extracellular remodeling during the proliferative stage of retinopathies. Interestingly, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) and its ligand α2-macroglobulin (α2M) are highly expressed in MGCs and they have been established to participate in multiple cellular and molecular activities with relevance in retinopathies. However, the exact mechanism of regulation of retinal LRP1 in MGCs is still unclear. Thus, the active participation of MGCs and LRP1 in these diseases, strongly supports the potential interest of them for the design of novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss the role of LRP1 in the multiple MGCs activities involved in the development and progression of proliferative retinopathies, identifying opportunities in the field that beg further research in this topic area.Summary StatementMGCs and LRP1 are active players in injured retinas, participating in key features such as gliosis and neurotoxicity, neovascularization, inflammation, and glucose control homeostasis during the progression of ischemic diseases, such as proliferative retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C. Sanchez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A. Chiabrando
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Centro de Investigación en Medicina Traslacional Severo R. Amuchástegui (CIMETSA), G.V. al Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina,María C. Sanchez Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Haya de la Torre s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
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Gustavo A. Chiabrando Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Centro de Investigación en Medicina Traslacional Severo R. Amuchástegui (CIMETSA). Av. Naciones Unidas 420, Barrio Parque Vélez Sarsfield, X5016KEJ – Córdoba, Argentina.
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22
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Li J, Li C, Zhao Y, Wu X, Yu S, Sun G, Ding P, Lu S, Zhang L, Yang P, Peng Y, Fu J, Wang L. Integrated bioinformatics analysis for novel miRNAs markers and ceRNA network in diabetic retinopathy. Front Genet 2022; 13:874885. [PMID: 36186470 PMCID: PMC9523404 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.874885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to seek a more outstanding diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR), we predicted the miRNA biomarkers of DR and explored the pathological mechanism of DR through bioinformatics analysis. Method: Based on public omics data and databases, we investigated ncRNA (non-coding RNA) functions based on the ceRNA hypothesis. Result: Among differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs), hsa-miR-1179, -4797-3p and -665 may be diagnosis biomarkers of DR. Functional enrichment analysis revealed differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) enriched in mitochondrial transport, cellular respiration and energy derivation. 18 tissue/organ-specific expressed genes, 10 hub genes and gene cluster modules were identified. The ceRNA networks lncRNA FBXL19-AS1/miR-378f/MRPL39 and lncRNA UBL7-AS1/miR-378f/MRPL39 might be potential RNA regulatory pathways in DR. Conclusion: Differentially expressed hsa-miR-1179, -4797-3p and -665 can be used as powerful markers for DR diagnosis, and the ceRNA network: lncRNA FBXL19-AS1/UBL7-AS1-miR-378f-MRPL39 may represent an important regulatory role in DR progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chaozhong Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yulan Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuai Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Guihu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Si Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lijiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunzhu Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingyun Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Luqiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Luqiao Wang,
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Jones CH, Gui W, Schumann RG, Boneva SK, Lange CAK, van Overdam KA, Chui TYP, Rosen RB, Engelbert M, Sebag J. Hyalocytes in proliferative vitreo-retinal diseases. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022; 17:263-280. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2022.2100764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Gui
- VMR Institute for Vitreous Macula Retina, Huntington Beach, California, USA
| | - Ricarda G. Schumann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefaniya K. Boneva
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clemens A. K. Lange
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Ophtha-Lab, Department of Ophthalmology at St. Franziskus Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Koen A. van Overdam
- Department of Vitreo-Retinal surgery, The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Toco Y. P. Chui
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard B. Rosen
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Engelbert
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York
- NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - J. Sebag
- VMR Institute for Vitreous Macula Retina, Huntington Beach, California, USA
- Doheny Eye Institute, UCLA, Pasadena, California, USA
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Xia HQ, Yang JR, Zhang KX, Dong RL, Yuan H, Wang YC, Zhou H, Li XM. Molecules related to diabetic retinopathy in the vitreous and involved pathways. Int J Ophthalmol 2022; 15:1180-1189. [PMID: 35919310 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.07.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and major cause of blindness among people over 50 years old. Current studies showed that the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) played a central role in the pathogenesis of DR, and application of anti-VEGF has been widely acknowledged in treatment of DR targeting retinal neovascularization. However, anti-VEGF therapy has several limitations such as drug resistance. It is essential to develop new drugs for future clinical practice. The vitreous takes up 80% of the whole globe volume and is in direct contact with the retina, making it possible to explore the pathogenesis of DR by studying related factors in the vitreous. This article reviewed recent studies on DR-related factors in the vitreous, elaborating the VEGF upstream hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway and downstream pathways phosphatidylinositol diphosphate (PIP2), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Moreover, factors other than VEGF contributing to the pathogenesis of DR in the vitreous were also summarized, which included factors in four major systems, kallikrein-kinin system such as bradykinin, plasma kallikrein, and coagulation factor XII, oxidative stress system such as lipid peroxide, and superoxide dismutase, inflammation-related factors such as interleukin-1β/6/13/37, and interferon-γ, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) system such as MMP-9/14. Additionally, we also introduced other DR-related factors such as adiponectin, certain specific amino acids, non-coding RNA and renin (pro) receptor in separate studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Qin Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jia-Rui Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ke-Xin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rui-Lan Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xue-Min Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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25
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Huang J, Zhou Q. Gene Biomarkers Related to Th17 Cells in Macular Edema of Diabetic Retinopathy: Cutting-Edge Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis and In Vivo Validation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:858972. [PMID: 35651615 PMCID: PMC9149582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.858972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that T-helper 17 (Th17) cell-related cytokines are significantly increased in the vitreous of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), suggesting that Th17 cells play an important role in the inflammatory response of diabetic retinopathy (DR), but its cell infiltration and gene correlation in the retina of DR, especially in diabetic macular edema (DME), have not been studied. Methods The dataset GSE160306 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, which contains 9 NPDR samples and 10 DME samples. ImmuCellAI algorithm was used to estimate the abundance of Th17 cells in 24 kinds of infiltrating immune cells. The differentially expressed Th17 related genes (DETh17RGs) between NPDR and DME were documented by difference analysis and correlation analysis. Through aggregate analyses such as gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to analyze the potential function of DETh17RGs. CytoHubba plug-in algorithm, Lasso regression analysis and support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) were implemented to comprehensively identify Hub DETh17RGs. The expression archetypes of Hub DETh17RGs were further verified in several other independent datasets related to DR. The Th17RG score was defined as the genetic characterization of six Hub DETh17RGs using the GSVA sample score method, which was used to distinguish early and advanced diabetic nephropathy (DN) as well as normal and diabetic nephropathy. Finally, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was implemented to verify the transcription levels of Hub DETh17RGs in the STZ-induced DR model mice (C57BL/6J). Results 238 DETh17RGs were identified, of which 212 genes were positively correlated while only 26 genes were negatively correlated. Six genes (CD44, CDC42, TIMP1, BMP7, RHOC, FLT1) were identified as Hub DETh17RGs. Because DR and DN have a strong correlation in clinical practice, the verification of multiple independent datasets related to DR and DN proved that Hub DETh17RGs can not only distinguish PDR patients from normal people, but also distinguish DN patients from normal people. It can also identify the initial and advanced stages of the two diseases (NPDR vs DME, Early DN vs Advanced DN). Except for CDC42 and TIMP1, the qPCR transcription levels and trends of other Hub DETh17RGs in STZ-induced DR model mice were consistent with the human transcriptome level in this study. Conclusion This study will improve our understanding of Th17 cell-related molecular mechanisms in the progression of DME. At the same time, it also provides an updated basis for the molecular mechanism of Th17 cell crosstalk in the eye and kidney in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Center of National Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Center of National Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang, China
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Loukovaara S, Gucciardo E, Korhonen A, Virtanen A, Harju M, Haukka J. Risk of glaucoma after vitreoretinal surgery - Findings from a population-based cohort study. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:665-672. [PMID: 35470970 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between different types of vitrectomy and risk of different types of glaucoma and to determine the effect of systemic medication and diabetes status on this risk. METHODS A population-based nested case-control study included individuals of age ≥ 18 years who had undergone single vitrectomy, vitrectomy with retinal procedure, or combined phaco-vitrectomy between 2001 and 2010. End of follow-up was 2017. Odds ratio (OR) for the development of glaucoma after different types of vitrectomy and 95% confidence interval (CI) were based on conditional logistic regression models. For every glaucoma case, five controls were matched by age, sex, start of follow-up year, and hospital district. RESULTS The cohort (n = 37 687), of which 52.8% was female, consisted of 6552 individuals diagnosed with glaucoma and 31 135 controls matched by age, sex, and hospital district. Vitrectomy was performed on 103 eyes in the glaucoma group and 158 eyes in the control group. As regards the risk of any glaucoma, the risk was lowest in eyes that underwent combined phaco-vitrectomy (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.8-4.1), followed by single vitrectomy (OR: 3.15, 95% CI: 2.1-4.8), and highest in eyes that underwent vitrectomy with retinal procedure (OR: 4.5, 95% CI: 2.7-7.4). Diabetes had no effect (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92-1.01), but 5-year systemic statin use slightly decreased glaucoma risk (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77-0.97). CONCLUSIONS Vitreoretinal surgery was associated with an increased glaucoma risk; the risk being related to the complexity of vitrectomy. Long-term systemic statin therapy may decrease glaucoma risk, while diabetes had no association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirpa Loukovaara
- Unit of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Erika Gucciardo
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Ani Korhonen
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Aapo Virtanen
- Department of Ophthalmology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Mika Harju
- Glaucoma Unit, Department of Ophthalmology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Jari Haukka
- Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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27
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Han R, Gong R, Liu W, Xu G. Proteome changes associated with the VEGFR pathway and immune system in diabetic macular edema patients at different diabetic retinopathy stages. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:1050-1060. [PMID: 35435079 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2068181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a major cause of vision loss in all stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, there is limited recognition of aqueous humor (AH) proteome profiles of DME patients at different DR stages. In this study, we aimed to investigate the AH proteome changes between DME patients at the nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) stage and those at the proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) stage. METHODS A label-free data-independent acquisition based liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was performed to profile the abundances of AH proteins in 73 eyes from DME patients at different DR stages. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to confirm the proteomics results with AH samples from non-diabetic patients and DME patients at the NPDR or PDR stage. RESULTS LC-MS/MS results showed significantly changed expression of 308 proteins between DME patients in the NPDR and PDR groups. Compared to the NPDR group, the proteins relatively up-regulated in the PDR group are involved in the immune system and/or negative regulation of the cell cycle, while proteins relatively down-regulated in the PDR group are associated with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) pathway and/or metabolism. ELISA results further verified the proteomic result of down-regulated expression of the immune-associated protein cystatin C (CST3) in the PDR group compared to that in the NPDR and non-diabetic groups. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we reported for the first time the decreased abundances of AH proteins associated with the VEGFR pathway and both down- and up-regulated expression of AH proteins associated with the immune system in the PDR group compared to that in the NPDR group. Furthermore, we found negative correlations of immune-associated protein, CST3 concentration in AH with DR severity and central retinal thickness, suggesting CST3 as a promising target independent of the VEGFR pathway in DME-involved DR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030,China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ruowen Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030,China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030,China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Gezhi Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030,China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China
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28
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Pessoa B, Heitor J, Coelho C, Leander M, Menéres P, Figueira J, Meireles A, Beirão M. Systemic and vitreous biomarkers - new insights in diabetic retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 260:2449-2460. [PMID: 35325286 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between DR severity and the levels of potential biomarkers in the serum and/or vitreous. METHODS A prospective, consecutive, controlled, observational study was performed between June 2018 and January 2020. Blood and vitreous samples were collected on the day of vitrectomy in patients without diabetes and in patients with diabetes with epiretinal membrane, macular edema, and indication for vitrectomy. RESULTS Transthyretin (TTR) was the only blood biomarker with levels statistically higher in patients with diabetes (p = 0.037). However, no correlation with DR severity was observed. Erythropoietin (EPO) was the only blood biomarker whose levels were associated with DR severity (p = 0.036). In vitreous samples, levels of EPO (p = 0.011), interleukin (IL)-6 (p < 0.001), IL-8 (p < 0.001), IL-17 (p = 0.022), monokine induced by interferon-γ (MIG) (p < 0.001), and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) (p = 0.005) were significantly higher in patients with diabetes. Additionally, in vitreous, IL-6, IL-8, MIG, and IPL-10 levels were also higher in more severe DR cases (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Among the studied biomarkers, vitreous IL-6, IL-8, MIG, and IP-10 were the ones whose levels had the strongest coherent relationship with DR severity prediction and, thus, have the best potential post-vitrectomy prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardete Pessoa
- Departamento de Oftalmologia, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar-Edifício Neoclássico, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal.
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigations in Biomedicine (UMIB/ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Unit for Diagnosis in Hematology, Clinical Hematology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Heitor
- Departamento de Oftalmologia, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar-Edifício Neoclássico, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Unit for Diagnosis in Hematology, Clinical Hematology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Constança Coelho
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Unit for Diagnosis in Hematology, Clinical Hematology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Magdalena Leander
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigations in Biomedicine (UMIB/ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Unit for Diagnosis in Hematology, Clinical Hematology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Menéres
- Departamento de Oftalmologia, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar-Edifício Neoclássico, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Unit for Diagnosis in Hematology, Clinical Hematology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Figueira
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Unit for Diagnosis in Hematology, Clinical Hematology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar E Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research On Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelina Meireles
- Departamento de Oftalmologia, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar-Edifício Neoclássico, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Unit for Diagnosis in Hematology, Clinical Hematology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Melo Beirão
- Departamento de Oftalmologia, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar-Edifício Neoclássico, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigations in Biomedicine (UMIB/ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Unit for Diagnosis in Hematology, Clinical Hematology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Santos FM, Mesquita J, Castro-de-Sousa JP, Ciordia S, Paradela A, Tomaz CT. Vitreous Humor Proteome: Targeting Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Neurodegeneration in Vitreoretinal Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030505. [PMID: 35326156 PMCID: PMC8944522 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is defined as an unbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants, as evidenced by an increase in reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species production over time. It is important in the pathophysiology of retinal disorders such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinal detachment, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy, which are the focus of this article. Although the human organism’s defense mechanisms correct autoxidation caused by endogenous or exogenous factors, this may be insufficient, causing an imbalance in favor of excessive ROS production or a weakening of the endogenous antioxidant system, resulting in molecular and cellular damage. Furthermore, modern lifestyles and environmental factors contribute to increased chemical exposure and stress induction, resulting in oxidative stress. In this review, we discuss the current information about oxidative stress and the vitreous proteome with a special focus on vitreoretinal diseases. Additionally, we explore therapies using antioxidants in an attempt to rescue the body from oxidation, restore balance, and maximize healthy body function, as well as new investigational therapies that have shown significant therapeutic potential in preclinical studies and clinical trial outcomes, along with their goals and strategic approaches to combat oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Milhano Santos
- CICS-UBI—Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; or (J.P.C.-d.-S.)
- Unidad de Proteomica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (A.P.)
- C4-UBI, Cloud Computing Competence Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-501 Covilhã, Portugal
- Correspondence: (F.M.S.); (C.T.T.); Tel.: +351-275-319-700 (C.T.T.)
| | - Joana Mesquita
- CICS-UBI—Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; or (J.P.C.-d.-S.)
| | - João Paulo Castro-de-Sousa
- CICS-UBI—Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; or (J.P.C.-d.-S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, 2410-197 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Unidad de Proteomica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Alberto Paradela
- Unidad de Proteomica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Cândida Teixeira Tomaz
- CICS-UBI—Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; or (J.P.C.-d.-S.)
- C4-UBI, Cloud Computing Competence Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-501 Covilhã, Portugal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- Correspondence: (F.M.S.); (C.T.T.); Tel.: +351-275-319-700 (C.T.T.)
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Ou K, Li Y, Liu L, Li H, Cox K, Wu J, Liu J, Dick AD. Recent developments of neuroprotective agents for degenerative retinal disorders. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1919-1928. [PMID: 35142668 PMCID: PMC8848613 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal degeneration is a debilitating ocular complication characterized by the progressive loss of photoreceptors and other retinal neurons, which are caused by a group of retinal diseases affecting various age groups, and increasingly prevalent in the elderly. Age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma are among the most common complex degenerative retinal disorders, posing significant public health problems worldwide largely due to the aging society and the lack of effective therapeutics. Whilst pathoetiologies vary, if left untreated, loss of retinal neurons can result in an acquired degeneration and ultimately severe visual impairment. Irrespective of underlined etiology, loss of neurons and supporting cells including retinal pigment epithelium, microvascular endothelium, and glia, converges as the common endpoint of retinal degeneration and therefore discovery or repurposing of therapies to protect retinal neurons directly or indirectly are under intensive investigation. This review overviews recent developments of potential neuroprotectants including neuropeptides, exosomes, mitochondrial-derived peptides, complement inhibitors, senolytics, autophagy enhancers and antioxidants either still experimentally or in clinical trials. Effective treatments that possess direct or indirect neuroprotective properties would significantly lift the burden of visual handicap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kepeng Ou
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China; Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Youjian Li
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China; Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Katherine Cox
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jiahui Wu
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew D Dick
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
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Proteomic changes of aqueous humor in proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients treated with different intravitreal anti-VEGF agents. Exp Eye Res 2022; 216:108942. [PMID: 35032522 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anti-VEGF-based treatment have been regularly used in recent years in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients. However, some of these patients fail to respond effectively to anti-VEGF. Given that VEGF is not the sole factor influencing PDR pathogenesis and that different anti-VEGF pharmaceuticals are likely to differentially impact these underlying pathophysiological processes, we performed a prospective analysis of the protein profiles of the aqueous humor (AH) in PDR patients before and after treatment with three intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs (ranibizumab, aflibercept, and conbercept) to assess and compare the short-term impacts of these agents. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomic methods were used to evaluate the AH protein profiles of PDR patients using paired pre- and 7 days post-anti-VEGF treatment samples (ranibizumab [IVR]: n = 10; conbercept [IVC]: n = 10; aflibercept [IVA]: n = 5). Gene ontology (GO) annotation, KEGG pathway analyses, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were then used to explore the functional relevance of proteins that were differentially expressed between groups. Here, a total of 874 proteins from 25 patients (50 AH samples) were identified in the three patient groups. Different and common clusters of regulated proteins for each group were identified. We identified RARRES1, ALDH3A1, and RBP4 as being specifically regulated following treatment with all three tested anti-VEGF agents. We further found that VEGFR1, VEGFR2, APOM, hornerin, and HSP90B1 were differentially expressed in different anti-VEGF agent groups. In summary, we discovered that ALDH3A1 was a previously unreported protein that was related to angiogenesis and was differentially expressed in the three anti-VEGF treatment groups, suggesting that it may be a new target for PDR therapy. The described proteomic changes in the AH of PDR patients treated with different anti-VEGF agents provide novel targets which may explain the heterogeneity of anti-VEGF treatment responses in these patients, providing a robust foundation for future studies of PDR pathogenesis.
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Weber SR, Zhao Y, Ma J, Gates C, da Veiga Leprevost F, Basrur V, Nesvizhskii AI, Gardner TW, Sundstrom JM. A validated analysis pipeline for mass spectrometry-based vitreous proteomics: new insights into proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Clin Proteomics 2021; 18:28. [PMID: 34861815 PMCID: PMC8903510 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-021-09328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitreous is an accessible, information-rich biofluid that has recently been studied as a source of retinal disease-related proteins and pathways. However, the number of samples required to confidently identify perturbed pathways remains unknown. In order to confidently identify these pathways, power analysis must be performed to determine the number of samples required, and sample preparation and analysis must be rigorously defined. Methods Control (n = 27) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 23) vitreous samples were treated as biologically distinct individuals or pooled together and aliquoted into technical replicates. Quantitative mass spectrometry with tandem mass tag labeling was used to identify proteins in individual or pooled control samples to determine technical and biological variability. To determine effect size and perform power analysis, control and proliferative diabetic retinopathy samples were analyzed across four 10-plexes. Pooled samples were used to normalize the data across plexes and generate a single data matrix for downstream analysis. Results The total number of unique proteins identified was 1152 in experiment 1, 989 of which were measured in all samples. In experiment 2, 1191 proteins were identified, 727 of which were measured across all samples in all plexes. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD025986. Spearman correlations of protein abundance estimations revealed minimal technical (0.99–1.00) and biological (0.94–0.98) variability. Each plex contained two unique pooled samples: one for normalizing across each 10-plex, and one to internally validate the normalization algorithm. Spearman correlation of the validation pool following normalization was 0.86–0.90. Principal component analysis revealed stratification of samples by disease and not by plex. Subsequent differential expression and pathway analyses demonstrated significant activation of metabolic pathways and inhibition of neuroprotective pathways in proliferative diabetic retinopathy samples relative to controls. Conclusions This study demonstrates a feasible, rigorous, and scalable method that can be applied to future proteomic studies of vitreous and identifies previously unrecognized metabolic pathways that advance understanding of diabetic retinopathy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12014-021-09328-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Weber
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.,Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Yuanjun Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Jingqun Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Christopher Gates
- Bioinformatics Core, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Felipe da Veiga Leprevost
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Venkatesha Basrur
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 100 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Thomas W Gardner
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Sundstrom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. .,Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
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Korhonen A, Gucciardo E, Lehti K, Loukovaara S. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy transcriptomes reveal angiogenesis, anti-angiogenic therapy escape mechanisms, fibrosis and lymphatic involvement. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18810. [PMID: 34552123 PMCID: PMC8458546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97970-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is a sight-threatening diabetic complication in urgent need of new therapies. In this study we identify potential molecular mechanisms and target candidates in the pathogenesis of PDR fibrovascular tissue formation. We performed mRNA sequencing of RNA isolated from eleven excised fibrovascular membranes of type 1 diabetic PDR patients and two non-diabetic patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We determined differentially expressed genes between these groups and performed pathway and gene ontology term enrichment analyses to identify potential underlying mechanisms, pathways, and regulators. Multiple pro-angiogenic processes, including VEGFA-dependent and -independent pathways, as well as processes related to lymphatic development, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), wound healing, inflammation, fibrosis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, were overrepresented in PDR. Overrepresentation of different angiogenic processes may help to explain the transient nature of the benefits that many patients receive from current intravitreal anti-angiogenic therapies, highlighting the importance of combinatorial treatments. Enrichment of genes and pathways related to lymphatic development indicates that targeting lymphatic involvement in PDR progression could have therapeutic relevance. Together with overrepresentation of EMT and fibrosis as well as differential ECM composition, these findings demonstrate the complexity of PDR fibrovascular tissue formation and provide avenues for the development of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Korhonen
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erika Gucciardo
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sirpa Loukovaara
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Unit of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Wu H, Wang D, Zheng Q, Xu Z. Integrating SWATH-MS proteomics and transcriptome analysis to preliminarily identify three DEGs as biomarkers for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Proteomics Clin Appl 2021; 16:e2100016. [PMID: 34528762 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We intended to preliminarily find differentially expressed proteins that play crucial roles in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and lay the foundation for subsequent further research on the mechanism. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Here, we developed a new strategy integrated the sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion (SWATH) mass spectra (MS) with multi-dataset joint analysis to screen for the PDR plasma biomarker. The annotation of the given gene list was performed with ClueGO function analysis. Additionally, the protein-protein interaction relationship was also revealed by the STRING database. RESULTS In SWATH-MS assays, we identified 23 upregulated and 13 downregulated proteins in PDR plasma. In the mRNA database analysis, 375 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes in GSE102485. Only three genes (FCGR3A, DPEP2, and ADGRF5) were characterized as upregulated in both the dataset and the SWATH-MS list. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of FCGR3A, DPEP2, and ADGRF5 in distinguishing PDR from others was 0.739, 0.770, and 0.739. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE We provide a novel strategy for biomarker screening and identified plasma FCGR3A, DPEP2, and ADGRF5 as potential biomarkers for patients with PDR. Identifying the key molecules of the disease is essential for the development of new therapeutic molecules and new uses of existing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongguo Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianyin Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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35
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Li S, Jin E, Shi X, Cai Y, Zhang H, Zhao M. Proteomics of Vitreous Humor Reveals PPARA, RXR, and LXR Are Possible Upstream Regulators of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:724695. [PMID: 34485353 PMCID: PMC8416089 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.724695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the key regulators of the disease by comparing the abundance of vitreous proteins between the patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and the controls with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM). Methods: Vitreous humor (VH) samples were derived from patients with PDR or iERM through the pars plana vitrectomy. The VH proteins were identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. MaxQuant software and Metascape were applied to explore the enrichment of differentially expressed proteins in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. Enrichr online tool and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were performed to detect upstream transcriptional regulators of the highly expressed proteins. Results: The present study collected 8 vitreous humor samples from 5 PDR eyes and 3 iERM eyes and identified 88 highly expressed proteins in PDR patients. We validated our highly expressed proteome was able to distinguish the PDR patients from the non-PDR patients by using the VH proteomics data from a previous study. The majority of highly expressed proteins were involved in complement and coagulation cascades, regulating exocytosis, and hemostasis. Using the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), we identified that transcription factors (TFs) PPAR-α, RXR, LXR regulate these proteins. Conclusions: In this study, we identified a highly expressed proteome in VH of PDR patients. The role of the complement and coagulation system, regulating exocytosis, and hemostasis has been of great significance to PDR. Nuclear receptors PPARA, RXR, LXR were possible upstream regulators of disease progression and required further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Enzhong Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Jingmei Group General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Iyer SS, Lagrew MK, Tillit SM, Roohipourmoallai R, Korntner S. The Vitreous Ecosystem in Diabetic Retinopathy: Insight into the Patho-Mechanisms of Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137142. [PMID: 34281192 PMCID: PMC8269048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world with the incidence of disease ever-increasing worldwide. The vitreous humor represents an extensive and complex interactive arena for cytokines in the diabetic eye. In recent decades, there has been significant progress in understanding this environment and its implications in disease pathophysiology. In this review, we investigate the vitreous ecosystem in diabetic retinopathy at the molecular level. Areas of concentration include: the current level of knowledge of growth factors, cytokine and chemokine mediators, and lipid-derived metabolites in the vitreous. We discuss the molecular patho-mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy based upon current vitreous research.
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Xiao H, Xin W, Sun LM, Li SS, Zhang T, Ding XY. Comprehensive Proteomic Profiling of Aqueous Humor Proteins in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:3. [PMID: 34111250 PMCID: PMC8107506 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.6.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is a serious ocular disease that can lead to retinal microvascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. To date, no studies have explored PDR development by analyzing the aqueous humor (AH). Therefore we carried out tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomic quantification to compare AH protein profiles between PDR and non-PDR subjects. Methods We enrolled six PDR and six control (senile cataract) subjects. AH samples were collected during surgery and stored at –80°C. Proteins were extracted, trypsin-digested, and labeled with TMTs for mass spectrometric analysis. Results We found 191 proteins to be changed with |log2 (fold change)| ≥1 (P < 0.05 and identification with at least two peptides per protein). Of them, 111 were downregulated, whereas 80 were upregulated in the PDR group. Proteomic bioinformatic analysis indicated that PDR development was related to complement and coagulation cascades, platelet activation, extracellular matrix–receptor interaction, focal adhesion, protein digestion and absorption, human papillomavirus infection, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, cholesterol metabolism, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathways, fat digestion and absorption, and vitamin digestion and absorption pathways. Conclusions Comprehensive proteomic profiling of the AH revealed 191 differentially expressed proteins between the two groups. Most of these proteins belong to secretory pathways, and therefore can be used as biomarkers in clinical testing and basic research. Translational Relevance Pathway analysis and a review of the literature enabled us to draw a novel biological map that will support further studies on the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic control of PDR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,The 7th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen Xin
- The 7th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Mei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Song Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao Yan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Zhang B, Li X, Liu G, Zhang C, Zhang X, Shen Q, Sun G, Sun X. Peroxiredomin-4 ameliorates lipotoxicity-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111780. [PMID: 34130124 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), one severe complication in the diabetes, leads to high mortality in the diabetic patients. However, the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying DCM is far from completion. Herein, we investigated the disease-related differences in the proteomes of DCM based on db/db mice and verified the protective roles of peroxiredoxin-4 (Prdx4) in H9c2 cardiomyocytes treated by palmitic acid (PA). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and cardiac function was detected in the 6-month-old control and diabetic mice. The hearts were then collected and analyzed by a coupled label-free and mass spectrometry approach. In vivo investigation indicated that body weight and FBG of db/db mice markedly increased, and diabetic heart exhibited obvious cardiac hypertrophy and lipid droplet accumulation, and cardiac dysfunction as is indicated by the increases of left ventricle posterior wall thickness in systole (LVPWd) and diastole (LVPWs), and reduction of fractional shortening (FS). We used proteomic analysis and then detected a grand total of 2636 proteins. 175 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were markedly detected in the diabetic heart. Thereinto, Prdx4 was markedly down-regulated in the diabetic heart. In vitro experiments revealed that 250 μM PA significantly inhibited viability of H9c2 cell. PA induced much accumulation of lipid droplet in cardiomyocytes and resulted in an increase of mRNA expressions of lipogenic genes (FASN and SCD1) and cardiac hypertrophic genes. Additionally, protein level of Prdx4 evidently reduced in the PA-treated H9c2 cell. It was further found that shRNA-mediated Prdx4 knockdown exacerbated PA-induced oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, whereas overexpressing Prdx4 in the H9c2 cells noteworthily limited PA-induced ROS generation and cardiomyocytes apoptosis. These data collectively reveal the essential role of abnormal Prdx4 in pathological alteration of DCM, and provide potentially therapeutic target for the prevention of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guoxin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qiang Shen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Öhman T, Teppo J, Datta N, Mäkinen S, Varjosalo M, Koistinen HA. Skeletal muscle proteomes reveal downregulation of mitochondrial proteins in transition from prediabetes into type 2 diabetes. iScience 2021; 24:102712. [PMID: 34235411 PMCID: PMC8246593 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is a central defect in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we analyzed skeletal muscle proteome in 148 vastus lateralis muscle biopsies obtained from men covering all glucose tolerance phenotypes: normal, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and T2D. Skeletal muscle proteome was analyzed by a sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) proteomics technique. Our data indicate a downregulation in several proteins involved in mitochondrial electron transport or respiratory chain complex assembly already in IFG and IGT muscles, with most profound decreases observed in T2D. Additional phosphoproteomic analysis reveals altered phosphorylation in several signaling pathways in IFG, IGT, and T2D muscles, including those regulating glucose metabolic processes, and the structure of muscle cells. These data reveal several alterations present in skeletal muscle already in prediabetes and highlight impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism in the trajectory from prediabetes into T2D. Skeletal muscle proteome from men with all stages of glucose tolerance was analyzed Phosphoproteomics reveal altered phosphorylation in IFG, IGT, and T2D muscles OXPHOS proteins are decreased in prediabetic muscles, with most decrease in T2D
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Öhman
- University of Helsinki, Molecular Systems Biology Research Group and Proteomics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Teppo
- University of Helsinki, Molecular Systems Biology Research Group and Proteomics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,University of Helsinki, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Neeta Datta
- University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, PO BOX 340, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Selina Mäkinen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, PO BOX 340, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- University of Helsinki, Molecular Systems Biology Research Group and Proteomics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, PO BOX 340, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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Weber SR, Zhao Y, Gates C, Ma J, da Veiga Leprevost F, Basrur V, Nesvizhskii AI, Gardner TW, Sundstrom JM. Proteomic Analyses of Vitreous in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: Prior Studies and Future Outlook. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112309. [PMID: 34070658 PMCID: PMC8199452 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitreous fluid is becoming an increasingly popular medium for the study of retinal disease. Numerous studies have demonstrated that proteomic analysis of the vitreous from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy yields valuable molecular information regarding known and novel proteins and pathways involved in this disease. However, there is no standardized methodology for vitreous proteomic studies. Here, we share a suggested protocol for such studies and outline the various experimental and analytic methods that are currently available. We also review prior mass spectrometry-based proteomic studies of the vitreous from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, discuss common pitfalls of these studies, and propose next steps for moving the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Weber
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.R.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;
| | - Yuanjun Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.R.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Christopher Gates
- Bioinformatics Core, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Jingqun Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
| | - Felipe da Veiga Leprevost
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (F.d.V.L.); (V.B.); (A.I.N.)
| | - Venkatesha Basrur
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (F.d.V.L.); (V.B.); (A.I.N.)
| | - Alexey I. Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (F.d.V.L.); (V.B.); (A.I.N.)
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 100 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas W. Gardner
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;
| | - Jeffrey M. Sundstrom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.R.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-717-531-6774
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Robinson R, Youngblood H, Iyer H, Bloom J, Lee TJ, Chang L, Lukowski Z, Zhi W, Sharma A, Sharma S. Diabetes Induced Alterations in Murine Vitreous Proteome Are Mitigated by IL-6 Trans-Signaling Inhibition. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:2. [PMID: 32870245 PMCID: PMC7476668 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.11.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication caused by prolonged hyperglycemia and characterized by leaky retinal vasculature and ischemia-induced angiogenesis. Vitreous humor is a gel-like biofluid in the posterior segment of the eye between the lens and the retina. Disease-related changes are observed in the biochemical constituents of the vitreous, including proteins and macromolecules. Recently, we found that IL-6 trans-signaling plays a significant role in the vascular leakage and retinal pathology associated with DR. Therefore, in this study, comprehensive proteomic profiling of the murine vitreous was performed to identify diabetes-induced alterations and to determine effects of IL-6 trans-signaling inhibition on these changes. Methods Vitreous samples from mice were collected by evisceration, and proteomic analyses were performed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results A total of 154 proteins were identified with high confidence in control mice and were considered to be characteristic of healthy murine vitreous fluid. The levels of 72 vitreous proteins were significantly altered in diabetic mice, including several members of heat shock proteins, 14-3-3 proteins, and tubulins. Alterations in 52 out of 72 proteins in diabetic mice were mitigated by IL-6 trans-signaling inhibition. Conclusions Proteomic analysis of murine vitreous fluid performed in this study provides important information about the changes caused by diabetes in the ocular microenvironment. These diabetes-induced alterations in the murine vitreous proteome were mitigated by IL-6 trans-signaling inhibition. These findings further support that IL-6 trans-signaling may be an important therapeutic target for the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Robinson
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Hannah Youngblood
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Hersha Iyer
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Justin Bloom
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Luke Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Zachary Lukowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Wenbo Zhi
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
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Peptidomimetics Therapeutics for Retinal Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030339. [PMID: 33668179 PMCID: PMC7995992 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular disorders originating in the retina can result in a partial or total loss of vision, making drug delivery to the retina of vital importance. However, effectively delivering drugs to the retina remains a challenge for ophthalmologists due to various anatomical and physicochemical barriers in the eye. This review introduces diverse administration routes and the accordant pharmacokinetic profiles of ocular drugs to aid in the development of safe and efficient drug delivery systems to the retina with a focus on peptidomimetics as a growing class of retinal drugs, which have great therapeutic potential and a high degree of specificity. We also discuss the pharmacokinetic profiles of small molecule drugs due to their structural similarity to small peptidomimetics. Lastly, various formulation strategies are suggested to overcome pharmacokinetic hurdles such as solubility, retention time, enzymatic degradation, tissue targeting, and membrane permeability. This knowledge can be used to help design ocular delivery platforms for peptidomimetics, not only for the treatment of various retinal diseases, but also for the selection of potential peptidomimetic drug targets.
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Fu J, Luo Y, Mou M, Zhang H, Tang J, Wang Y, Zhu F. Advances in Current Diabetes Proteomics: From the Perspectives of Label- free Quantification and Biomarker Selection. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:34-54. [PMID: 31433754 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190821160207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to its prevalence and negative impacts on both the economy and society, the diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a worldwide concern. In light of this, the label-free quantification (LFQ) proteomics and diabetic marker selection methods have been applied to elucidate the underlying mechanisms associated with insulin resistance, explore novel protein biomarkers, and discover innovative therapeutic protein targets. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this manuscript is to review and analyze the recent computational advances and development of label-free quantification and diabetic marker selection in diabetes proteomics. METHODS Web of Science database, PubMed database and Google Scholar were utilized for searching label-free quantification, computational advances, feature selection and diabetes proteomics. RESULTS In this study, we systematically review the computational advances of label-free quantification and diabetic marker selection methods which were applied to get the understanding of DM pathological mechanisms. Firstly, different popular quantification measurements and proteomic quantification software tools which have been applied to the diabetes studies are comprehensively discussed. Secondly, a number of popular manipulation methods including transformation, pretreatment (centering, scaling, and normalization), missing value imputation methods and a variety of popular feature selection techniques applied to diabetes proteomic data are overviewed with objective evaluation on their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the guidelines for the efficient use of the computationbased LFQ technology and feature selection methods in diabetes proteomics are proposed. CONCLUSION In summary, this review provides guidelines for researchers who will engage in proteomics biomarker discovery and by properly applying these proteomic computational advances, more reliable therapeutic targets will be found in the field of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongchao Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Minjie Mou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongning Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Tavakoli S, Kari OK, Turunen T, Lajunen T, Schmitt M, Lehtinen J, Tasaka F, Parkkila P, Ndika J, Viitala T, Alenius H, Urtti A, Subrizi A. Diffusion and Protein Corona Formation of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles in the Vitreous Humor: Profiling and Pharmacokinetic Considerations. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:699-713. [PMID: 32584047 PMCID: PMC7856631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The vitreous humor is the first barrier encountered by intravitreally injected nanoparticles. Lipid-based nanoparticles in the vitreous are studied by evaluating their diffusion with single-particle tracking technology and by characterizing their protein coronae with surface plasmon resonance and high-resolution proteomics. Single-particle tracking results indicate that the vitreal mobility of the formulations is dependent on their charge. Anionic and neutral formulations are mobile, whereas larger (>200 nm) neutral particles have restricted diffusion, and cationic particles are immobilized in the vitreous. PEGylation increases the mobility of cationic and larger neutral formulations but does not affect anionic and smaller neutral particles. Convection has a significant role in the pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles, whereas diffusion drives the transport of antibodies. Surface plasmon resonance studies determine that the vitreal corona of anionic formulations is sparse. Proteomics data reveals 76 differentially abundant proteins, whose enrichment is specific to either the hard or the soft corona. PEGylation does not affect protein enrichment. This suggests that protein-specific rather than formulation-specific factors are drivers of protein adsorption on nanoparticles in the vitreous. In summary, our findings contribute to understanding the pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles in the vitreous and help advance the development of nanoparticle-based treatments for eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Tavakoli
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Otto Kalevi Kari
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Turunen
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatu Lajunen
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mechthild Schmitt
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julia Lehtinen
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fumitaka Tasaka
- Pharmaceutics
& Pharmacology Department, Global R&D, Santen Pharmaceutical
Co., Ltd., 8916-16 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Petteri Parkkila
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joseph Ndika
- Human
Microbiome Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Viitala
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Alenius
- Human
Microbiome Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arto Urtti
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute
of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Petergof, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Astrid Subrizi
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
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Öhman T, Gawriyski L, Miettinen S, Varjosalo M, Loukovaara S. Molecular pathogenesis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:966. [PMID: 33441730 PMCID: PMC7806834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is an ophthalmic emergency, which usually requires prompt surgery to prevent further detachment and restore sensory function. Although several individual factors have been suggested, a systems level understanding of molecular pathomechanisms underlying this severe eye disorder is lacking. To address this gap in knowledge we performed the molecular level systems pathology analysis of the vitreous from 127 patients with RRD using state-of-the art quantitative mass spectrometry to identify the individual key proteins, as well as the biochemical pathways contributing to the development of the disease. RRD patients have specific vitreous proteome profiles compared to other diseases such as macular hole, pucker, or proliferative diabetic retinopathy eyes. Our data indicate that various mechanisms, including glycolysis, photoreceptor death, and Wnt and MAPK signaling, are activated during or after the RRD to promote retinal cell survival. In addition, platelet-mediated wound healing processes, cell adhesion molecules reorganization and apoptotic processes were detected during RRD progression or proliferative vitreoretinopathy formation. These findings improve the understanding of RRD pathogenesis, identify novel targets for treatment of this ophthalmic disease, and possibly affect the prognosis of eyes treated or operated upon due to RRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Öhman
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lisa Gawriyski
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sini Miettinen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sirpa Loukovaara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Unit of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4 C, 00290, Helsinki, Finland. .,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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The innate immune system in diabetic retinopathy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 84:100940. [PMID: 33429059 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes has been rising steadily in the past half-century, along with the burden of its associated complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is currently the most common cause of vision loss in working-age adults in the United States. Historically, DR has been diagnosed and classified clinically based on what is visible by fundoscopy; that is vasculature alterations. However, recent technological advances have confirmed pathology of the neuroretina prior to any detectable vascular changes. These, coupled with molecular studies, and the positive impact of anti-inflammatory therapeutics in DR patients have highlighted the central involvement of the innate immune system. Reminiscent of the systemic impact of diabetes, immune dysregulation has become increasingly identified as a key element of the pathophysiology of DR by interfering with normal homeostatic systems. This review uses the growing body of literature across various model systems to demonstrate the clear involvement of all three pillars of the immune system: immune-competent cells, mediators, and the complement system. It also demonstrates how the relative contribution of each of these requires more extensive analysis, including in human tissues over the continuum of disease progression. Finally, although this review demonstrates how the complex interactions of the immune system pose many more questions than answers, the intimately connected nature of the three pillars of the immune system may also point to possible new targets to reverse or even halt reverse retinopathy.
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INCREASED COMPLEMENT LEVELS IN HUMAN VITREOUS ASPIRATES OF PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AND RETINAL DETACHMENT EYES. Retina 2020; 39:2212-2218. [PMID: 30148749 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000002288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate levels of complement factors in human vitreous of eyes with retinal detachments (RDs) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) eyes. METHODS Human vitreous samples were collected from eyes undergoing routine vitrectomy at the University of Colorado Health Eye Center (Aurora, CO). Complement factor D, component C5/C5a, and component C9 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and multiplex assays. Retinal detachment and PDR eyes were compared with controls, which were defined as eyes with macular holes or epiretinal membranes. RESULTS The levels of complement factor D in PDR (mean = 2,110.0 ng/mL, P = 0.001) and RD (mean = 660.9 ng/mL, P = 0.03) eyes were statistically significantly higher than controls (mean = 290.5 ng/mL). The levels of complement component C9 were also more elevated in PDR (P = 0.004) compared with control but not in RD eyes. CONCLUSION Elevated complement factors, particularly of the alternative pathway, were noted in PDR and RD eyes compared with controls. One potential explanation for this is that the oxidative stress in RD and PDR eyes leads to complement dysregulation and alternative complement upregulation.
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Poulsen ET, Lumi X, Hansen AK, Enghild JJ, Petrovski G. Protein Composition of the Subretinal Fluid Suggests Selective Diffusion of Vitreous Proteins in Retinal Detachment. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:16. [PMID: 33117608 PMCID: PMC7571286 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.11.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the proteome of the subretinal fluid (SRF) from rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in search for novel markers for improved diagnosis and prognosis of RRD. Methods Human undiluted SRF obtained during vitrectomy for primary RRD using a 41-gauge needle (n = 24) was analyzed and compared to vitreous humor from 2-day postmortem eyes (n = 20). Sample preparation underwent nanoflow liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Label-free quantification (LFQ) using MaxQuant was used to determine differentially expressed proteins between SRF and vitreous humor. The intensity-based absolute quantification (iBAQ) was used to rank proteins according to their molar fractions within groups. Identification of proteins beyond the quantitative level was performed using the Mascot search engine. Results The protein concentration of the control vitreous humor was lower and more consistent (1.2 ± 0.4 mg) than that of the SRF (17.9 ± 22 mg). The iBAQ analysis showed high resemblance between SRF and vitreous humor, except for crystallins solely identified in vitreous humor. The LFQ analysis found 38 protein misregulations between SRF and vitreous humor of which the blood coagulation pathway was found to be enriched using the PANTHER Classification System. Combined, the iBAQ, LFQ, and Mascot analysis found an overlap only in chitinase-3-like protein 1 and galectin-3-binding protein unique to the SRF. Conclusions The proteome of the SRF was highly represented by proteins involved in proteolysis. Such proteins can possibly serve as targets in modulating the effects of SRF in RD. Translational Relevance To identify potential novel biomarkers for therapeutic targeting in RD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xhevat Lumi
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anders K Hansen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Menini S, Iacobini C, Vitale M, Pugliese G. The Inflammasome in Chronic Complications of Diabetes and Related Metabolic Disorders. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081812. [PMID: 32751658 PMCID: PMC7464565 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) ranks seventh as a cause of death worldwide. Chronic complications, including cardiovascular, renal, and eye disease, as well as DM-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) account for most of the morbidity and premature mortality in DM. Despite continuous improvements in the management of late complications of DM, significant gaps remain. Therefore, searching for additional strategies to prevent these serious DM-related conditions is of the utmost importance. DM is characterized by a state of low-grade chronic inflammation, which is critical in the progression of complications. Recent clinical trials indicate that targeting the prototypic pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1 β) improves the outcomes of cardiovascular disease, which is the first cause of death in DM patients. Together with IL-18, IL-1β is processed and secreted by the inflammasomes, a class of multiprotein complexes that coordinate inflammatory responses. Several DM-related metabolic factors, including reactive oxygen species, glyco/lipoxidation end products, and cholesterol crystals, have been involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease, and diabetic retinopathy, and in the promoting effect of DM on the onset and progression of atherosclerosis and NAFLD. These metabolic factors are also well-established danger signals capable of regulating inflammasome activity. In addition to presenting the current state of knowledge, this review discusses how the mechanistic understanding of inflammasome regulation by metabolic danger signals may hopefully lead to novel therapeutic strategies targeting inflammation for a more effective treatment of diabetic complications.
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Varela-Fernández R, Díaz-Tomé V, Luaces-Rodríguez A, Conde-Penedo A, García-Otero X, Luzardo-Álvarez A, Fernández-Ferreiro A, Otero-Espinar FJ. Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye: Biopharmaceutic and Pharmacokinetic Considerations. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E269. [PMID: 32188045 PMCID: PMC7151081 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of the posterior-segment ocular diseases, such as age-related eye diseases (AMD) or diabetic retinopathy (DR), present a challenge for ophthalmologists due to the complex anatomy and physiology of the eye. This specialized organ is composed of various static and dynamic barriers that restrict drug delivery into the target site of action. Despite numerous efforts, effective intraocular drug delivery remains unresolved and, therefore, it is highly desirable to improve the current treatments of diseases affecting the posterior cavity. This review article gives an overview of pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutics aspects for the most commonly-used ocular administration routes (intravitreal, topical, systemic, and periocular), including information of the absorption, distribution, and elimination, as well as the benefits and limitations of each one. This article also encompasses different conventional and novel drug delivery systems designed and developed to improve drug pharmacokinetics intended for the posterior ocular segment treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Varela-Fernández
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.V.-F.); (V.D.-T.); (A.L.-R.); (A.C.-P.); (X.G.-O.); (A.L.-Á.)
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, University Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Victoria Díaz-Tomé
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.V.-F.); (V.D.-T.); (A.L.-R.); (A.C.-P.); (X.G.-O.); (A.L.-Á.)
- Clinical Pharmacology Group, University Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrea Luaces-Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.V.-F.); (V.D.-T.); (A.L.-R.); (A.C.-P.); (X.G.-O.); (A.L.-Á.)
- Clinical Pharmacology Group, University Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrea Conde-Penedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.V.-F.); (V.D.-T.); (A.L.-R.); (A.C.-P.); (X.G.-O.); (A.L.-Á.)
- Paraquasil Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xurxo García-Otero
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.V.-F.); (V.D.-T.); (A.L.-R.); (A.C.-P.); (X.G.-O.); (A.L.-Á.)
- Molecular Imaging Group. University Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Asteria Luzardo-Álvarez
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.V.-F.); (V.D.-T.); (A.L.-R.); (A.C.-P.); (X.G.-O.); (A.L.-Á.)
- Paraquasil Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anxo Fernández-Ferreiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.V.-F.); (V.D.-T.); (A.L.-R.); (A.C.-P.); (X.G.-O.); (A.L.-Á.)
- Clinical Pharmacology Group, University Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Otero-Espinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.V.-F.); (V.D.-T.); (A.L.-R.); (A.C.-P.); (X.G.-O.); (A.L.-Á.)
- Paraquasil Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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