1
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Soto-Arriaza M, Cena Ahumada E, Bonardd S, Melendez J. Calcein release from DPPC liposomes by phospholipase A2 activity: Effect of cholesterol and amphipathic copolymers. J Liposome Res 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38850012 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2024.2361610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the impact of incorporating diblock and triblock amphiphilic copolymers, as well as cholesterol into DPPC liposomes on the release of a model molecule, calcein, mediated by exogenous phospholipase A2 activity. Our findings show that calcein release slows down in the presence of copolymers at low concentration, while at high concentration, the calcein release profile resembles that of the DPPC control. Additionally, calcein release mediated by exogenous PLA2 decreases as the amount of solubilized cholesterol increases, with a maximum between 18 mol% and 20 mol%. At concentrations higher than 24 mol%, no calcein release was observed. Studies conducted on HEK-293 and HeLa cells revealed that DPPC liposomes reduced viability by only 5% and 12%, respectively, after 3 hours of incubation, while DPPC liposome in presence of 33 mol% of Cholesterol reduced viability by approximately 11% and 23%, respectively, during the same incubation period. For formulations containing copolymers at low and high concentrations, cell viability decreased by approximately 20% and 40%, respectively, after 3 hours of incubation. Based on these preliminary results, we can conclude that the presence of amphiphilic copolymers at low concentration can be used in the design of new DPPC liposomes, and together with cholesterol, they can modulate liposome stabilization. The new formulations showed low cytotoxicity in HEK-293 cells, and it was observed that calcein release depended entirely on PLA2 activity and the presence of calcium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Soto-Arriaza
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Cena Ahumada
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Sebastián Bonardd
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Donostia-San Sebastían, Spain
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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2
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Diamanti E, López-Gallego F. Single-Particle and Single-Molecule Characterization of Immobilized Enzymes: A Multiscale Path toward Optimizing Heterogeneous Biocatalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319248. [PMID: 38476019 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Heterogeneous biocatalysis is highly relevant in biotechnology as it offers several benefits and practical uses. To leverage the full potential of heterogeneous biocatalysts, the establishment of well-crafted protocols, and a deeper comprehension of enzyme immobilization on solid substrates are essential. These endeavors seek to optimize immobilized biocatalysts, ensuring maximal enzyme performance within confined spaces. For this aim, multidimensional characterization of heterogeneous biocatalysts is required. In this context, spectroscopic and microscopic methodologies conducted at different space and temporal scales can inform about the intraparticle enzyme kinetics, the enzyme spatial distribution, and the mass transport issues. In this Minireview, we identify enzyme immobilization, enzyme catalysis, and enzyme inactivation as the three main processes for which advanced characterization tools unveil fundamental information. Recent advances in operando characterization of immobilized enzymes at the single-particle (SP) and single-molecule (SM) levels inform about their functional properties, unlocking the full potential of heterogeneous biocatalysis toward biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Diamanti
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE)-, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón, 194, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fernando López-Gallego
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE)-, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón, 194, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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3
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Papadopoulou P, van der Pol R, van Hilten N, van Os WL, Pattipeiluhu R, Arias-Alpizar G, Knol RA, Noteborn W, Moradi MA, Ferraz MJ, Aerts JMFG, Sommerdijk N, Campbell F, Risselada HJ, Sevink GJA, Kros A. Phase-Separated Lipid-Based Nanoparticles: Selective Behavior at the Nano-Bio Interface. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310872. [PMID: 37988682 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The membrane-protein interface on lipid-based nanoparticles influences their in vivo behavior. Better understanding may evolve current drug delivery methods toward effective targeted nanomedicine. Previously, the cell-selective accumulation of a liposome formulation in vivo is demonstrated, through the recognition of lipid phase-separation by triglyceride lipases. This exemplified how liposome morphology and composition can determine nanoparticle-protein interactions. Here, the lipase-induced compositional and morphological changes of phase-separated liposomes-which bear a lipid droplet in their bilayer- are investigated, and the mechanism upon which lipases recognize and bind to the particles is unravelled. The selective lipolytic degradation of the phase-separated lipid droplet is observed, while nanoparticle integrity remains intact. Next, the Tryptophan-rich loop of the lipase is identified as the region with which the enzymes bind to the particles. This preferential binding is due to lipid packing defects induced on the liposome surface by phase separation. In parallel, the existing knowledge that phase separation leads to in vivo selectivity, is utilized to generate phase-separated mRNA-LNPs that target cell-subsets in zebrafish embryos, with subsequent mRNA delivery and protein expression. Together, these findings can expand the current knowledge on selective nanoparticle-protein communications and in vivo behavior, aspects that will assist to gain control of lipid-based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Papadopoulou
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne van der Pol
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Niek van Hilten
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Winant L van Os
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Roy Pattipeiluhu
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Arias-Alpizar
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Renzo Aron Knol
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Noteborn
- NeCEN, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333 AL, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad-Amin Moradi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Joao Ferraz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nico Sommerdijk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical BioSciences and Radboud Technology Center - Electron Microscopy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Frederick Campbell
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Herre Jelger Risselada
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics, Technical University Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Geert Jan Agur Sevink
- Department of Biophysical Organic Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
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4
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Liu Z, Chen S, Wu J. Advances in ultrahigh-throughput screening technologies for protein evolution. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:1168-1181. [PMID: 37088569 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by natural evolution, directed evolution randomly mutates the gene of interest through artificial evolution conditions with variants being screened for the required properties. Directed evolution is vital to the enhancement of protein properties and comprises the construction of libraries with considerable diversity as well as screening methods with sufficient efficiency as key steps. Owing to the various characteristics of proteins, specific methods are urgently needed for library screening, which is one of the main limiting factors in accelerating evolution. This review initially organizes the principles of ultrahigh-throughput screening from the perspective of protein properties. It then provides a comprehensive introduction to the latest progress and future trends in ultrahigh-throughput screening technologies for directed evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China.
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5
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Bohr F, Bohr SSR, Mishra NK, González-Foutel NS, Pinholt HD, Wu S, Nielsen EM, Zhang M, Kjaergaard M, Jensen KJ, Hatzakis NS. Enhanced hexamerization of insulin via assembly pathway rerouting revealed by single particle studies. Commun Biol 2023; 6:178. [PMID: 36792809 PMCID: PMC9932072 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin formulations with diverse oligomerization states are the hallmark of interventions for the treatment of diabetes. Here using single-molecule recordings we firstly reveal that insulin oligomerization can operate via monomeric additions and secondly quantify the existence, abundance and kinetic characterization of diverse insulin assembly and disassembly pathways involving addition of monomeric, dimeric or tetrameric insulin species. We propose and experimentally validate a model where the insulin self-assembly pathway is rerouted, favoring monomeric or oligomeric assembly, by solution concentration, additives and formulations. Combining our practically complete kinetic characterization with rate simulations, we calculate the abundance of each oligomeric species from nM to mM offering mechanistic insights and the relative abundance of all oligomeric forms at concentrations relevant both for secreted and administrated insulin. These reveal a high abundance of all oligomers and a significant fraction of hexamer resulting in practically halved bioavailable monomer concentration. In addition to providing fundamental new insights, the results and toolbox presented here can be universally applied, contributing to the development of optimal insulin formulations and the deciphering of oligomerization mechanisms for additional proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freja Bohr
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren S-R Bohr
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Narendra Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolás Sebastian González-Foutel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Danish Research Institute for Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, and Center for Proteins in Memory PROMEMO, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Dahl Pinholt
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Physics Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shunliang Wu
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emilie Milan Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus Kjaergaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Danish Research Institute for Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, and Center for Proteins in Memory PROMEMO, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Knud J Jensen
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Nikos S Hatzakis
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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6
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Li L, Ji J, Song F, Hu J. Intercellular Receptor-ligand Binding: Effect of Protein-membrane Interaction. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:167787. [PMID: 35952805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gaining insights into the intercellular receptor-ligand binding is of great importance for understanding numerous physiological and pathological processes, and stimulating new strategies in drug design and discovery. In contrast to the in vitro protein interaction in solution, the anchored receptor and ligand molecules interact with membrane in situ, which affects the intercellular receptor-ligand binding. Here, we review theoretical, simulation and experimental works regarding the regulatory effects of protein-membrane interactions on intercellular receptor-ligand binding mainly from the following aspects: membrane fluctuations, membrane curvature, glycocalyx, and lipid raft. In addition, we discuss biomedical significances and possible research directions to advance the field and highlight the importance of understanding of coupling effects of these factors in pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Kuang Yaming Honors School and Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Fan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China; School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Jinglei Hu
- Kuang Yaming Honors School and Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China.
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7
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Ćehić M, Brkljača Z, Filić Ž, Crnolatac I, Vujaklija D, Bakarić D. (Un)coupling the factors contributing to the interfacial activation of Streptomyces rimosus lipase: computational and spectrophotometric study. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2022.2145304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirsada Ćehić
- Division for Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Brkljača
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Želimira Filić
- Division for Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Crnolatac
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dušica Vujaklija
- Division for Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijela Bakarić
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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8
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Veit S, Paweletz LC, Bohr SSR, Menon AK, Hatzakis NS, Pomorski TG. Single Vesicle Fluorescence-Bleaching Assay for Multi-Parameter Analysis of Proteoliposomes by Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:29659-29667. [PMID: 35748880 PMCID: PMC11194769 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reconstitution of membrane proteins into model membranes is an essential approach for their functional analysis under chemically defined conditions. Established model-membrane systems used in ensemble average measurements are limited by sample heterogeneity and insufficient knowledge of lipid and protein content at the single vesicle level, which limits quantitative analysis of vesicle properties and prevents their correlation with protein activity. Here, we describe a versatile total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy-based bleaching protocol that permits parallel analysis of multiple parameters (physical size, tightness, unilamellarity, membrane protein content, and orientation) of individual proteoliposomes prepared with fluorescently tagged membrane proteins and lipid markers. The approach makes use of commercially available fluorophores including the commonly used nitrobenzoxadiazole dye and may be applied to deduce functional molecular characteristics of many types of reconstituted fluorescently tagged membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Veit
- Department
of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Laura Charlotte Paweletz
- Department
of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Søren S.-R. Bohr
- Department
of Chemistry & Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Anant K. Menon
- Department
of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Nikos S. Hatzakis
- Department
of Chemistry & Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
- NovoNordisk
Foundation Center for Protein Research,Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department
of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
- Department
of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University
of Copenhagen,Frederiksberg C DK-1871, Denmark
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9
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The dopamine transporter antiports potassium to increase the uptake of dopamine. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2446. [PMID: 35508541 PMCID: PMC9068915 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine transporter facilitates dopamine reuptake from the extracellular space to terminate neurotransmission. The transporter belongs to the neurotransmitter:sodium symporter family, which includes transporters for serotonin, norepinephrine, and GABA that utilize the Na+ gradient to drive the uptake of substrate. Decades ago, it was shown that the serotonin transporter also antiports K+, but investigations of K+-coupled transport in other neurotransmitter:sodium symporters have been inconclusive. Here, we show that ligand binding to the Drosophila- and human dopamine transporters are inhibited by K+, and the conformational dynamics of the Drosophila dopamine transporter in K+ are divergent from the apo- and Na+-states. Furthermore, we find that K+ increases dopamine uptake by the Drosophila dopamine transporter in liposomes, and visualize Na+ and K+ fluxes in single proteoliposomes using fluorescent ion indicators. Our results expand on the fundamentals of dopamine transport and prompt a reevaluation of the impact of K+ on other transporters in this pharmacologically important family. The dopamine transporter, DAT, controls dopamine signaling by facilitating its reuptake using the Na+ gradient as driving force. Here, the authors uncover that an antiport of K+ ions also contributes to setting the rate of DAT-mediated dopamine clearance.
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10
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Malle MG, Löffler PMG, Bohr SSR, Sletfjerding MB, Risgaard NA, Jensen SB, Zhang M, Hedegård P, Vogel S, Hatzakis NS. Single-particle combinatorial multiplexed liposome fusion mediated by DNA. Nat Chem 2022; 14:558-565. [PMID: 35379901 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial high-throughput methodologies are central for both screening and discovery in synthetic biochemistry and biomedical sciences. They are, however, often reliant on large-scale analyses and thus limited by a long running time and excessive materials cost. We here present a single-particle combinatorial multiplexed liposome fusion mediated by DNA for parallelized multistep and non-deterministic fusion of individual subattolitre nanocontainers. We observed directly the efficient (>93%) and leakage free stochastic fusion sequences for arrays of surface-tethered target liposomes with six freely diffusing populations of cargo liposomes, each functionalized with individual lipidated single-stranded DNA and fluorescently barcoded by a distinct ratio of chromophores. The stochastic fusion resulted in a distinct permutation of fusion sequences for each autonomous nanocontainer. Real-time total internal reflection imaging allowed the direct observation of >16,000 fusions and 566 distinct fusion sequences accurately classified using machine learning. The high-density arrays of surface-tethered target nanocontainers (~42,000 containers per mm2) offers entire combinatorial multiplex screens using only picograms of material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Galsgaard Malle
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philipp M G Löffler
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren S-R Bohr
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus Berg Sletfjerding
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Simon Bo Jensen
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Hedegård
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Vogel
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Nikos S Hatzakis
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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11
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Holmstrøm T, Galsgaard Malle M, Wu S, Jensen KJ, Hatzakis NS, Pedersen CM. Carbohydrate-Derived Metal-Chelator-Triggered Lipids for Liposomal Drug Delivery. Chemistry 2021; 27:6917-6922. [PMID: 33411939 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are versatile three-dimensional, biomaterial-based frameworks that can spatially enclose a variety of organic and inorganic biomaterials for advanced targeted-delivery applications. Implementation of external-stimuli-controlled release of their cargo will significantly augment their wide application for liposomal drug delivery. This paper presents the synthesis of a carbohydrate-derived lipid, capable of changing its conformation depending on the presence of Zn2+ : an active state in the presence of Zn2+ ions and back to an inactive state in the absence of Zn2+ or when exposed to Na2 EDTA, a metal chelator with high affinity for Zn2+ ions. This is the first report of a lipid triggered by the presence of a metal chelator. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and a single-liposome study showed that it indeed was possible for the lipid to be incorporated into the bilayer of stable liposomes that remained leakage-free for the fluorescent cargo of the liposomes. On addition of EDTA to the liposomes, their fluorescent cargo could be released as a result of the membrane-incorporated lipids undergoing a conformational change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Holmstrøm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Galsgaard Malle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shunliang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Knud Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikos S Hatzakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Streck S, Bohr SSR, Birch D, Rades T, Hatzakis NS, McDowell A, Mørck Nielsen H. Interactions of Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Modified Nanoparticles with Cells Evaluated Using Single Particle Tracking. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3155-3165. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Streck
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Søren S.-R. Bohr
- Department of Chemistry & Nano-science Center, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditlev Birch
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikos S. Hatzakis
- Department of Chemistry & Nano-science Center, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arlene McDowell
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Hanne Mørck Nielsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Biased cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism via small-molecule ligands binding P450 oxidoreductase. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2260. [PMID: 33859207 PMCID: PMC8050233 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic control is mediated by the dynamic assemblies and function of multiple redox enzymes. A key element in these assemblies, the P450 oxidoreductase (POR), donates electrons and selectively activates numerous (>50 in humans and >300 in plants) cytochromes P450 (CYPs) controlling metabolism of drugs, steroids and xenobiotics in humans and natural product biosynthesis in plants. The mechanisms underlying POR-mediated CYP metabolism remain poorly understood and to date no ligand binding has been described to regulate the specificity of POR. Here, using a combination of computational modeling and functional assays, we identify ligands that dock on POR and bias its specificity towards CYP redox partners, across mammal and plant kingdom. Single molecule FRET studies reveal ligand binding to alter POR conformational sampling, which results in biased activation of metabolic cascades in whole cell assays. We propose the model of biased metabolism, a mechanism akin to biased signaling of GPCRs, where ligand binding on POR stabilizes different conformational states that are linked to distinct metabolic outcomes. Biased metabolism may allow designing pathway-specific therapeutics or personalized food suppressing undesired, disease-related, metabolic pathways.
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Singh PK, Bohr SSR, Hatzakis NS. Direct Observation of Sophorolipid Micelle Docking in Model Membranes and Cells by Single Particle Studies Reveals Optimal Fusion Conditions. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1291. [PMID: 32906821 PMCID: PMC7564020 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sophorolipids (SLs) are naturally produced glycolipids that acts as drug delivery for a spectrum of biomedical applications, including as an antibacterial antifungal and anticancer agent, where they induce apoptosis selectively in cancerous cells. Despite their utility, the mechanisms underlying their membrane interactions, and consequently cell entry, remains unknown. Here, we combined a single liposome assay to observe directly and quantify the kinetics of interaction of SL micelles with model membrane systems, and single particle studies on live cells to record their interaction with cell membranes and their cytotoxicity. Our single particle readouts revealed several repetitive docking events on individual liposomes and quantified how pH and membrane charges, which are known to vary in cancer cells, affect the docking of SL micelles on model membranes. Docking of sophorolipids micelles was found to be optimal at pH 6.5 and for membranes with -5% negatively charge lipids. Single particle studies on mammalian cells reveled a two-fold increased interaction on Hela cells as compared to HEK-293 cells. This is in line with our cell viability readouts recording an approximate two-fold increased cytotoxicity by SLs interactions for Hela cells as compared to HEK-293 cells. The combined in vitro and cell assays thus support the increased cytotoxicity of SLs on cancer cells to originate from optimal charge and pH interactions between membranes and SL assemblies. We anticipate studies combining quantitative single particle studies on model membranes and live cell may reveal hitherto unknown molecular insights on the interactions of sophorolipid and additional nanocarriers mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, C 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Søren S-R Bohr
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, C 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Center for Protein Research (CPR), University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikos S Hatzakis
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, C 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Center for Protein Research (CPR), University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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