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Saha R, Gómez García CJ. Extrinsically conducting MOFs: guest-promoted enhancement of electrical conductivity, thin film fabrication and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39171560 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00141a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Conductive metal-organic frameworks are of current interest in chemical science because of their applications in chemiresistive sensing, electrochemical energy storage, electrocatalysis, etc. Different strategies have been employed to design conductive frameworks. In this review, we discuss the influence of different types of guest species incorporated within the pores or channels of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and porous coordination polymers (PCPs) to generate charge transfer pathways and modulate their electrical conductivity. We have classified dopants or guest species into three different categories: (i) metal-based dopants, (ii) molecule and molecular entities and (iii) organic conducting polymers. Different types of metal ions, metal nano-clusters and metal oxides have been used to enhance electrical conductivity in MOFs. Metal ions and metal nano-clusters depend on the hopping process for efficient charge transfer whereas metal-oxides show charge transport through the metal-oxygen pathway. Several types of molecules or molecular entities ranging from neutral TCNQ, I2, and fullerene to ionic methyl viologen, organometallic like nickelcarborane, etc. have been used. In these cases, the charge transfer process varies with the guest species. When organic conducting polymers are the guest, the charge transport occurs through the polymer chains, mostly based on extended π-conjugation. Here we provide a comprehensive and critical review of these strategies to add electrical conductivity to the, in most cases, otherwise insulating MOFs and PCPs. We point out the guest encapsulation process, the geometry and structure of the resulting host-guest complex, the host-guest interactions and the charge transport mechanism for each case. We also present the methods for thin film fabrication of conducting MOFs (both, liquid-phase and gas-phase based methods) and their most relevant applications like electrocatalysis, sensing, charge storage, photoconductivity, photocatalysis,… We end this review with the main obstacles and challenges to be faced and the appealing perspectives of these 21st century materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Saha
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valencia, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjasot (Valencia), Spain.
| | - Carlos J Gómez García
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valencia, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjasot (Valencia), Spain.
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2
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Zhu J, Cai C, Li J, Xiao J, Duan X. CD47-SIRPα axis in cancer therapy: Precise delivery of CD47-targeted therapeutics and design of anti-phagocytic drug delivery systems. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2022.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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3
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Park KC, Martin CR, Leith GA, Thaggard GC, Wilson GR, Yarbrough BJ, Maldeni Kankanamalage BKP, Kittikhunnatham P, Mathur A, Jatoi I, Manzi MA, Lim J, Lehman-Andino I, Hernandez-Jimenez A, Amoroso JW, DiPrete DP, Liu Y, Schaeperkoetter J, Misture ST, Phillpot SR, Hu S, Li Y, Leydier A, Proust V, Grandjean A, Smith MD, Shustova NB. Capture Instead of Release: Defect-Modulated Radionuclide Leaching Kinetics in Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16139-16149. [PMID: 36027644 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of defect-controlled leaching-kinetics modulation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and porous functionalized silica-based materials was performed on the example of a radionuclide and radionuclide surrogate for the first time, revealing an unprecedented readsorption phenomenon. On a series of zirconium-based MOFs as model systems, we demonstrated the ability to capture and retain >99% of the transuranic 241Am radionuclide after 1 week of storage. We report the possibility of tailoring radionuclide release kinetics in MOFs through framework defects as a function of postsynthetically installed organic ligands including cation-chelating crown ether-based linkers. Based on comprehensive analysis using spectroscopy (EXAFS, UV-vis, FTIR, and NMR), X-ray crystallography (single crystal and powder), and theoretical calculations (nine kinetics models and structure simulations), we demonstrated the synergy of radionuclide integration methods, topological restrictions, postsynthetic scaffold modification, and defect engineering. This combination is inaccessible in any other material and highlights the advantages of using well-defined frameworks for gaining fundamental knowledge necessary for the advancement of actinide-based material development, providing a pathway for addressing upcoming challenges in the nuclear waste administration sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Chul Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Corey R Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Gabrielle A Leith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Grace C Thaggard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Gina R Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Brandon J Yarbrough
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Buddhima K P Maldeni Kankanamalage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Preecha Kittikhunnatham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Abhijai Mathur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Isak Jatoi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mackenzie A Manzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jaewoong Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | | | | | - Jake W Amoroso
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina 29808, United States
| | - David P DiPrete
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina 29808, United States
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Joseph Schaeperkoetter
- Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred, New York 14802, United States
| | - Scott T Misture
- Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred, New York 14802, United States
| | - Simon R Phillpot
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Shenyang Hu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yulan Li
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Antoine Leydier
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA), DES, ISEC, DMRC, University Montpellier, Marcoule, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze Cedex, France
| | - Vanessa Proust
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA), DES, ISEC, DMRC, University Montpellier, Marcoule, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze Cedex, France
| | - Agnès Grandjean
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA), DES, ISEC, DMRC, University Montpellier, Marcoule, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze Cedex, France
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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Bajpai A, Speed D, Szulczewski GJ. Vapor-Phase Adsorption of Xylene Isomers and Ethylbenzene in MOF-74 Thin Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9518-9525. [PMID: 35895831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thin films of Co-MOF-74 and Ni-MOF-74 were synthesized on Au-coated quartz crystal microbalance substrates by a vapor-assisted conversion (VAC) method that precludes the need for activation via postsynthetic solvent exchange. All thin films were structurally characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reveal that the Ni-MOF-74 films exists as a dense base layer with hemispherical protrusions on the surface. In contrast, the scanning electron microscopy images of the Co-MOF-74 thin films show a rough surface with spherical deposits. The thin film morphologies were different than the powders resulting from the bulk synthesis. Gravimetric vapor-phase adsorption measurements for xylene isomers and ethylbenzene within Co-MOF-74 and Ni-MOF-74 thin films were conducted, and the results were compared with those reported for the corresponding bulk powders. Despite different morphologies, the saturation capacities of Ni-MOF-74 and Co-MOF-74 thin films were found to be nearly equivalent to those reported for the bulk powders. The results demonstrate that the VAC method can produce MOF-74 thin films that retain the intrinsic properties that are observed in bulk powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alankriti Bajpai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Daniel Speed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Gregory J Szulczewski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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Liu J, Goetjen TA, Wang Q, Knapp JG, Wasson MC, Yang Y, Syed ZH, Delferro M, Notestein JM, Farha OK, Hupp JT. MOF-enabled confinement and related effects for chemical catalyst presentation and utilization. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1045-1097. [PMID: 35005751 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00968k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A defining characteristic of nearly all catalytically functional MOFs is uniform, molecular-scale porosity. MOF pores, linkers and nodes that define them, help regulate reactant and product transport, catalyst siting, catalyst accessibility, catalyst stability, catalyst activity, co-catalyst proximity, composition of the chemical environment at and beyond the catalytic active site, chemical intermediate and transition-state conformations, thermodynamic affinity of molecular guests for MOF interior sites, framework charge and density of charge-compensating ions, pore hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, pore and channel rigidity vs. flexibility, and other features and properties. Collectively and individually, these properties help define overall catalyst functional behaviour. This review focuses on how porous, catalyst-containing MOFs capitalize on molecular-scale confinement, containment, isolation, environment modulation, energy delivery, and mobility to accomplish desired chemical transformations with potentially superior selectivity or other efficacy, especially in comparison to catalysts in homogeneous solution environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Timothy A Goetjen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA. .,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Qining Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Julia G Knapp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Megan C Wasson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Zoha H Syed
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA. .,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Massimiliano Delferro
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Justin M Notestein
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Joseph T Hupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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6
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Cao Z, Zhang Y, Luo Z, Li W, Fu T, Qiu W, Lai Z, Cheng J, Yang H, Ma W, Liu C, de Smet LCPM. Construction of a Self-Assembled Polyelectrolyte/Graphene Oxide Multilayer Film and Its Interaction with Metal Ions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12148-12162. [PMID: 34618452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a composite multilayer film onto gold was constructed from two charged building blocks, i.e., negatively charged graphene oxide (GO) and a branched polycation (polyethylenimine, PEI) via layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technology, and this process was monitored in situ with quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) under different experimental conditions. This included the differences in frequency (Δf) as well as the changes in dissipation to yield information on the absorbed mass and viscoelastic properties of the formed PEI/GO multilayer films. The experimental conditions were optimized to obtain a high amount of the adsorbed mass of the self-assembled multilayer film. The surface morphology of the PEI/GO multilayer film onto gold was studied with atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that the positively charged PEI chains were combined with the oppositely charged GO to form an assembled film on the QCM sensor surface, in a wrapped and curled fashion. Raman and UV-vis spectra also showed that the intensities of the GO-characteristic signals are almost linearly related to the layer number. To explore the films for their use in divalent ion detection, the frequency response of the PEI/GO multilayer-modified QCM sensor to the exposure of aqueous solutions solution of Cu2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, and Sn2+ was further studied using QCM. Based on the Sauerbrey equation and the weight of different ions, the number of metal ions adsorbed per unit area on the surface of QCM sensors was calculated. For metal ion concentrations of 40 ppm, the adsorption capacities per unit area of Cu2+, Zn2+, Sn2+, and Ca2+ were found to be 1.7, 3.2, 0.7, and 4.9 nmol/cm2, respectively. Thus, in terms of the number of adsorbed ions per unit area, the QCM sensor modified by PEI/GO multilayer film shows the largest adsorption capacity of Ca2+. This can be rationalized by the relative hydration energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Changzhou University Huaide College, Jingjiang 214500, People's Republic of China
- College of Hua Loogeng, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zili Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Li
- College of Hua Loogeng, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haicun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Changzhou University Huaide College, Jingjiang 214500, People's Republic of China
| | - Louis C P M de Smet
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Gantzler N, Henle EA, Thallapally PK, Fern XZ, Simon CM. Non-injective gas sensor arrays: identifying undetectable composition changes. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:464003. [PMID: 34404041 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac1e49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are nanoporous materials with good prospects as recognition elements for gas sensors owing to their adsorptive sensitivity and selectivity. A gravimetric, MOF-based sensor functions by measuring the mass of gas adsorbed in a MOF. Changes in the gas composition are expected to produce detectable changes in the mass of gas adsorbed in the MOF. In practical settings, multiple components of the gas adsorb into the MOF and contribute to the sensor response. As a result, there are typically many distinct gas compositions that produce the same single-sensor response. The response vector of a gas sensor array places multiple constraints on the gas composition. Still, if the number of degrees of freedom in the gas composition is greater than the number of MOFs in the sensor array, the map from gas compositions to response vectors will be non-injective (many-to-one). Here, we outline a mathematical method to determine undetectable changes in gas composition to which non-injective gas sensor arrays are unresponsive. This is important for understanding their limitations and vulnerabilities. We focus on gravimetric, MOF-based gas sensor arrays. Our method relies on a mixed-gas adsorption model in the MOFs comprising the sensor array, which gives the mass of gas adsorbed in each MOF as a function of the gas composition. The singular value decomposition of the Jacobian matrix of the adsorption model uncovers (i) the unresponsive directions and (ii) the responsive directions, ranked by sensitivity, in gas composition space. We illustrate the identification of unresponsive subspaces and ranked responsive directions for gas sensor arrays based on Co-MOF-74 and HKUST-1 aimed at quantitative sensing of CH4/N2/CO2/C2H6mixtures relevant to natural gas sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas Gantzler
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - E Adrian Henle
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | | | - Xiaoli Z Fern
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Cory M Simon
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
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