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Prause A, Hechenbichler M, Schmidt RF, Prévost S, Cavalcanti LP, Laschewsky A, Gradzielski M. Modifying the Properties of Microemulsion Droplets by Addition of Thermoresponsive BAB* Copolymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:2022-2035. [PMID: 36715565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions (ME) typically feature a low viscosity and exhibit ordinary viscosity reduction as a function of temperature. However, for certain applications, avoiding or even reverting the temperature trend might be required. This can be conceived by adding thermoresponsive (TR) block copolymers that induce network formation as the temperature increases. Accordingly, various ME-polymer mixtures were studied for which three different block copolymer architectures of BAB*-, B2AB*-, and B(AB*)2-types were employed. Here, "B" represents a permanently hydrophobic, "A" a permanently hydrophilic, and "B*" a TR block. For the TR-block, three different poly(acrylamide)s, namely poly(N-n-propylacrylamide) (pNPAm), poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (pDEAm), and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNiPAm), were used, which all exhibit a lower critical solution temperature. For a well-selected ME concentration, these block copolymers lead to a viscosity enhancement with increasing temperature. At a polymer concentration of about 22 g L-1, the most pronounced enhancement was observed for the pNPAm-based systems with factors up to 3, 5, and 8 for BAB*, B2AB*, and B(AB*)2, respectively. This phenomenon is caused by the formation of a transitory network mediated by TR-blocks, as evidenced by the direct correlation between the attraction strength and the viscosity enhancement. For applications requiring a high hydrophobic payload, which is attained via ME droplets, this kind of tailored temperature-dependent viscosity control of surfactant systems should therefore be advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Prause
- FG Physical Chemistry/Molecular Material Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Berlin10623, Germany
| | - Michelle Hechenbichler
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Potsdam14476, Germany
| | - Robert F Schmidt
- FG Physical Chemistry/Molecular Material Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Berlin10623, Germany
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- Institut Laue-Langevin, DS/LSS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20 156, Grenoble Cedex 9F-38042, France
| | - Leide P Cavalcanti
- ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, DidcotOX11 0QX, U.K
| | - André Laschewsky
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Potsdam14476, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, Potsdam14476, Germany
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- FG Physical Chemistry/Molecular Material Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Berlin10623, Germany
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Cryogels loaded with nanostructured fluids studied by ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Prause A, Hechenbichler M, von Lospichl B, Feoktystov A, Schweins R, Mahmoudi N, Laschewsky A, Gradzielski M. Aggregation Behavior of Nonsymmetrically End-Capped Thermoresponsive Block Copolymers in Aqueous Solutions: Between Polymer Coils and Micellar States. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Prause
- FG Physical Chemistry/Molecular Material Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michelle Hechenbichler
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24−25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Benjamin von Lospichl
- FG Physical Chemistry/Molecular Material Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Artem Feoktystov
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Laue−Langevin, DS/LSS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20 156, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Najet Mahmoudi
- ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - André Laschewsky
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24−25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- FG Physical Chemistry/Molecular Material Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Harada M, Yamamoto M, Iwase H. Combined Small-Angle Neutron Scattering/Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Analysis for the Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Prepared via Photoreduction in Water-in-Oil Microemulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:13085-13098. [PMID: 34714093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to investigate the formation process of silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) in water-in-oil (w/o) reverse microemulsions comprising sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT), water, and organic solvents (such as benzene, octane, and decane) by the photoreduction of silver perchlorate (AgClO4). Combining SANS and SAXS, the structural changes in the w/o microemulsions before and after the formation of Ag NPs via photoreduction were quantitatively evaluated. From the SANS experiments performed using the contrast-variation method, the size of water cores containing Ag NPs and the thickness of the AOT shells were calculated using the core-shell hard-sphere model. The size of the Ag NPs and their aggregates was calculated via SAXS analysis based on the polydisperse sphere model with a Schulz-Zimm distribution. We found that aggregates of three or four primary Ag NPs are formed by, first, the aggregation of water droplets through the entanglement of the tails of the AOT shell, followed by the self-assembly of Ag NPs into their aggregates because of particle-particle attractive interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Harada
- Department of Computer Science and Clothing Environment, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Miho Yamamoto
- Department of Computer Science and Clothing Environment, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwase
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
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Gradzielski M, Duvail M, de Molina PM, Simon M, Talmon Y, Zemb T. Using Microemulsions: Formulation Based on Knowledge of Their Mesostructure. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5671-5740. [PMID: 33955731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Microemulsions, as thermodynamically stable mixtures of oil, water, and surfactant, are known and have been studied for more than 70 years. However, even today there are still quite a number of unclear aspects, and more recent research work has modified and extended our picture. This review gives a short overview of how the understanding of microemulsions has developed, the current view on their properties and structural features, and in particular, how they are related to applications. We also discuss more recent developments regarding nonclassical microemulsions such as surfactant-free (ultraflexible) microemulsions or ones containing uncommon solvents or amphiphiles (like antagonistic salts). These new findings challenge to some extent our previous understanding of microemulsions, which therefore has to be extended to look at the different types of microemulsions in a unified way. In particular, the flexibility of the amphiphilic film is the key property to classify different microemulsion types and their properties in this review. Such a classification of microemulsions requires a thorough determination of their structural properties, and therefore, the experimental methods to determine microemulsion structure and dynamics are reviewed briefly, with a particular emphasis on recent developments in the field of direct imaging by means of electron microscopy. Based on this classification of microemulsions, we then discuss their applications, where the application demands have to be met by the properties of the microemulsion, which in turn are controlled by the flexibility of their amphiphilic interface. Another frequently important aspect for applications is the control of the rheological properties. Normally, microemulsions are low viscous and therefore enhancing viscosity has to be achieved by either having high concentrations (often not wished for) or additives, which do not significantly interfere with the microemulsion. Accordingly, this review gives a comprehensive account of the properties of microemulsions, including most recent developments and bringing them together from a united viewpoint, with an emphasis on how this affects the way of formulating microemulsions for a given application with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Magali Duvail
- ICSM, Université Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, 30207 Marcoule, France
| | - Paula Malo de Molina
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Miriam Simon
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnolgy Inst. (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IL-3200003, Israel
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnolgy Inst. (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IL-3200003, Israel
| | - Thomas Zemb
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.,ICSM, Université Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, 30207 Marcoule, France
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Simon M, Gradzielski M, Hoffmann I. Dynamics in polyelectrolyte/microemulsion complexes. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:4722-4727. [PMID: 36132920 PMCID: PMC9419170 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00336k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion droplets are convenient carriers for hydrophobic molecules in an aqueous phase and are used for a wide range of applications. We studied weakly charged O/W microemulsion droplets complexed with oppositely charged polyacrylates that form long linear arrangements of droplets. All samples showed rather low viscosities, which is in contrast to similar systems of hydrophobically interconnected droplets. Here, we applied small-angle neutron scattering, dynamic light scattering and neutron spin-echo spectroscopy to characterise the dynamic properties of polyacrylate/microemulsion complexes in order to understand the origin of the low-viscous behaviour. We found that the electrostatic interactions lead to very dynamic complexes with high exchange rates of droplets and only a fraction of the droplets is contained within the transient complexes at a given time. These results were only accessible by the combination of different methods as one method alone would have given an incomplete picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Simon
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 124, Sekr. TC 7 D-10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 124, Sekr. TC 7 D-10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Ingo Hoffmann
- Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin (ILL) 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156 F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
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Andersson JM, Pham QD, Mateos H, Eriksson S, Harryson P, Sparr E. The plant dehydrin Lti30 stabilizes lipid lamellar structures in varying hydration conditions. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1014-1024. [PMID: 32404333 PMCID: PMC7328047 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge to plant growth and survival are changes in temperature and diminishing water supply. During acute temperature and water stress, plants often express stress proteins, such as dehydrins, which are intrinsically disordered hydrophilic proteins. In this article, we investigated how the dehydrin Lti30 from Arabidopsis thaliana stabilizes membrane systems that are exposed to large changes in hydration. We also compared the effects of Lti30 on membranes with those of the simple osmolytes urea and trimethylamine N-oxide. Using X-ray diffraction and solid-state NMR, we studied lipid-protein self-assembly at varying hydration levels. We made the following observations: 1) the association of Lti30 with anionic membranes relies on electrostatic attraction, and the protein is located in the bilayer interfacial membrane region; 2) Lti30 can stabilize the lamellar multilayer structure, making it insensitive to variations in water content; 3) in lipid systems with a composition similar to those present in some seeds and plants, dehydrin can prevent the formation of nonlamellar phases upon drying, which may be crucial for maintaining membrane integrity; and 4) Lti30 stabilizes bilayer structures both at high and low water contents, whereas the small osmolyte molecules mainly prevent dehydration-induced transitions. These results corroborate the idea that dehydrins are part of a sensitive and multifaceted regulatory mechanism that protects plant cells against stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Marie Andersson
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Quoc Dat Pham
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Mateos
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sylvia Eriksson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pia Harryson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Sparr
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. mailto:
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Oberdisse J, Hellweg T. Structure, interfacial film properties, and thermal fluctuations of microemulsions as seen by scattering experiments. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 247:354-362. [PMID: 28751064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The physics of microemulsions and in particular Dominique Langevin's contributions to the understanding of microemulsion structure and bending properties using scattering techniques are reviewed. Among the many methods used by her and her co-workers, we particularly emphasize optical techniques and small angle neutron scattering (SANS), but also neutron spin echo spectroscopy (NSE). The review is then extended to more recent studies of properties of microemulsions close to surfaces, using reflectometry and grazing-incidence small angle neutron scattering (GISANS).
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Malo de Molina P, Gradzielski M. Gels Obtained by Colloidal Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Molecules. Gels 2017; 3:E30. [PMID: 30920526 PMCID: PMC6318676 DOI: 10.3390/gels3030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelation in water-based systems can be achieved in many different ways. This review focusses on ways that are based on self-assembly, i.e., a bottom-up approach. Self-assembly naturally requires amphiphilic molecules and accordingly the systems described here are based on surfactants and to some extent also on amphiphilic copolymers. In this review we are interested in cases of low and moderate concentrations of amphiphilic material employed to form hydrogels. Self-assembly allows for various approaches to achieve gelation. One of them is via increasing the effective volume fraction by encapsulating solvent, as in vesicles. Vesicles can be constructed in various morphologies and the different cases are discussed here. However, also the formation of very elongated worm-like micelles can lead to gelation, provided the structural relaxation times of these systems is long enough. Alternatively, one may employ amphiphilic copolymers of hydrophobically modified water soluble polymers that allow for network formation in solution by self-assembly due to having several hydrophobic modifications per polymer. Finally, one may combine such polymers with surfactant self-assemblies and thereby produce interconnected hybrid network systems with corresponding gel-like properties. As seen here there is a number of conceptually different approaches to achieve gelation by self-assembly and they may even become combined for further variation of the properties. These different approaches are described in this review to yield a comprehensive overview regarding the options for achieving gel formation by self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Malo de Molina
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Institut für Physikalische & Theoretische Chemie-Stranski Laboratorium, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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Wolf S, Feldmann C. Mikroemulsionen: neue Möglichkeiten zur Erweiterung der Synthese anorganischer Nanopartikel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Wolf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
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Wolf S, Feldmann C. Microemulsions: Options To Expand the Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15728-15752. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Wolf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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Riemer S, Prévost S, Dzionara M, Appavou MS, Schweins R, Gradzielski M. Aggregation behaviour of hydrophobically modified polyacrylate – Variation of alkyl chain length. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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