1
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Eitzmann DR, Anderson JL. Facile Preconcentration of Cell-Free DNA in Human Plasma by Ion-Specific Poly Ionic Sorbents Featuring an Anion Exchange Mechanism. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38985898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The expanding horizon of diagnostic and therapeutic applications involving nucleic acids (NA) requires novel tools for purification, including minimal sample preparation. In this work, thin-film microextraction devices featuring five poly ionic sorbents were examined as anion exchange extraction phases for the rapid purification of NAs. Each sorbent is composed of a nonionic cross-linker and a methacrylate monomer containing a core tetra-alkyl ammonium moiety with an alkyl, anionic, or cationic residue. Extraction devices were produced through the application of the prepolymer sorbent mixture onto a functionalized nitinol metal support followed by photoinduced free-radical polymerization. The miniaturized extraction devices (10 mm × 3.5 mm) were directly immersed into aqueous samples to isolate NAs via electrostatic interactions with the polycation. The ammonium methacrylate (AMA) monomer containing a propyl trimethylammonium group (AMA-C3N(CH3)3) exhibited the highest affinity for DNA, with 80 ± 10% of DNA being isolated. Recovery of DNA from the sorbents required the introduction of ions in an aqueous solution to exchange the anionic biopolymer from the polycationic moiety. An investigation of three anion species revealed that the AMA-C3N(CH3)3 sorbent showed the highest recoveries, with the perchlorate anion producing a preconcentration factor of 4.36 ± 0.86 while requiring only 250 mM NaClO4. A directly compatible quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was developed to quantify the recovery of spiked DNA with lengths of 830, 204, and 98 base pairs in heat-treated human plasma. The AMA-C3N(CH3)3 sorbent was uninhibited by the complex human plasma matrix and enabled high preconcentration factors for the spiked DNA at a biologically relevant concentration of 10 pg/mL. While Qiagen's circulating cell-free DNA MinElute extraction kit enabled higher preconcentration of all analytes, the methodology described in this work requires fewer steps, less user intervention, and minimal equipment requirements to isolate DNA, making it more amenable for high-throughput and low resource applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek R Eitzmann
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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2
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Ishraaq R, Das S. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations of polymer and polyelectrolyte brushes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6093-6129. [PMID: 38819435 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01557f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Densely grafted polymer and polyelectrolyte (PE) brushes, owing to their significant abilities to functionalize surfaces for a plethora of applications in sensing, diagnostics, current rectification, surface wettability modification, drug delivery, and oil recovery, have attracted significant attention over the past several decades. Unfortunately, most of the attention has primarily focused on understanding the properties of the grafted polymer and the PE chains with little attention devoted to studying the behavior of the brush-supported ions (counterions needed to screen the PE chains) and water molecules. Over the past few years, our group has been at the forefront of addressing this gap: we have employed all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for studying a wide variety of polymer and PE brush systems with specific attention to unraveling the properties and behavior of the brush-supported water molecules and ions. Our findings have revealed some of the most fascinating properties of such brush-supported ions and water molecules, including the most remarkable control of nanofluidic transport afforded by the specific ion and water responses induced by the PE brushes grafted on the inner walls of the nanochannel. This feature article aims to summarize some of our key contributions associated with such atomistic simulations of polymer and PE brushes and brush-supported water molecules and counterions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raashiq Ishraaq
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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3
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Kastinen T, Batys P, Tolmachev D, Laasonen K, Sammalkorpi M. Ion-Specific Effects on Ion and Polyelectrolyte Solvation. Chemphyschem 2024:e202400244. [PMID: 38712639 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Ion-specific effects on aqueous solvation of monovalent counter ions, Na+ ${^+ }$ , K+ ${^+ }$ , Cl- ${^- }$ , and Br- ${^- }$ , and two model polyelectrolytes (PEs), poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDADMA) were here studied with ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on the OPLS-aa force-field which is an empirical fixed point-charge force-field. Ion-specific binding to the PE charge groups was also characterized. Both computational methods predict similar response for the solvation of the PEs but differ notably in description of ion solvation. Notably, AIMD captures the experimentally observed differences in Cl- ${^- }$ and Br- ${^- }$ anion solvation and binding with the PEs, while the classical MD simulations fail to differentiate the ion species response. Furthermore, the findings show that combining AIMD with the computationally less costly classical MD simulations allows benefiting from both the increased accuracy and statistics reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuva Kastinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
- Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33014, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Piotr Batys
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dmitry Tolmachev
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
- Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Kari Laasonen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
- Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
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4
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Wang J, Hu F, Sant S, Chu K, Riemer L, Damjanovic D, Kilbey SM, Klok HA. Pyroelectric Polyelectrolyte Brushes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307038. [PMID: 38112160 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Piezo- and pyroelectric materials are of interest, for example, for energy harvesting applications, for the development of tactile sensors, as well as neuromorphic computing. This study reports the observation of pyro- and piezoelectricity in thin surface-attached polymer brushes containing zwitterionic and electrolytic side groups that are prepared via surface-initiated polymerization. The pyro- and piezoelectric properties of the surface-grafted polyelectrolyte brushes are found to sensitively depend on and can be tuned by variation of the counterion. The observed piezo- and pyroelectric properties reflect the structural complexity of polymer brushes, and are attributed to a complex interplay of the non-uniform segment density within these films, together with a non-uniform distribution of counterions and specific ion effects. The fabrication of thin pyroelectric films by surface-initiated polymerization is an important addition to the existing strategies toward such materials. Surface-initiated polymerization, in particular, allows for facile grafting of polar thin polymer films from a wide range of substrates via a straightforward two-step protocol that obviates the need for multistep laborious synthetic procedures or thin film deposition protocols. The ability to produce polymer brushes with piezo- and pyroelectric properties opens up new avenues of application of these materials, for example, in energy harvesting or biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Institut des Matériaux et Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Fei Hu
- Institut des Matériaux et Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Sant
- Institut des Matériaux et Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Kanghyun Chu
- Group for Ferroelectrics and Functional Oxides, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Riemer
- Group for Ferroelectrics and Functional Oxides, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Dragan Damjanovic
- Group for Ferroelectrics and Functional Oxides, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - S Michael Kilbey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux et Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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5
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Zeger VR, Bell DS, Anderson JL. Polymeric ionic liquid sorbent coatings in thin film microextraction: Insight into sorbent selectivity for pesticides and cannabinoids. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1715:464583. [PMID: 38160584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) sorbent coatings consisting of polymerizable cations and anions were employed as sorbent coatings in thin film microextraction (TFME) for the extraction of pesticides and cannabinoids. The blades consisted of a thin film of PIL sorbents chemically bonded to vinyltrimethoxysilane-functionalized nitinol sheets. The imidazolium- or ammonium-based PIL sorbents contained aromatic benzyl moieties as well as polar hydroxyl groups or aliphatic functional groups within the chemical structure of the IL monomer. The chemical structure of the IL crosslinkers of the PILs were kept constant across each sorbent, except for the anion, which consisted of either bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([NTf2-]), p-styrenesulfonate ([SS-]), or 3-sulfopropyl acrylate ([SPA-]). Temperature, salt content, and methanol content were optimized as extraction conditions to maximize pesticide-cannabinoid selectivity using Doehlert design of experiments (DOE). Effects of these three factors on selectivity and extraction efficiency are discussed. The optimal extraction conditions consisting of sample temperature (31°C), sodium chloride (30% w/v), and methanol content (0.25% v/v) are compared to initial sorbent screening conditions at a sample temperature of 40°C, 15% (w/v) sodium chloride, and 2.5% (v/v) methanol content. PIL sorbent swelling behavior at different salt and methanol content conditions and its effect on extraction efficiency are hypothesized. Selectivity factors for the sorbents indicated that aromatic moieties within the IL monomer may enhance pesticide-cannabinoid selectivity under optimized conditions, but the extraction efficiency of pesticides that are known to coelute with cannabinoids in the chromatographic separation may be enhanced by employing sorbent coatings with [SPA-] anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R Zeger
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - David S Bell
- Restek Corporation, 110 Benner Circle, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania 16823, USA
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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6
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Lavoie RA, Zugates JT, Cheeseman AT, Teten MA, Ramesh S, Freeman JM, Swango S, Fitzpatrick J, Joshi A, Hollers B, Debebe Z, Lindgren TK, Kozak AN, Kondeti VK, Bright MK, Yearley EJ, Tracy A, Irwin JA, Guerrero M. Enrichment of adeno-associated virus serotype 5 full capsids by anion exchange chromatography with dual salt elution gradients. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:2953-2968. [PMID: 37256741 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus-based gene therapies have demonstrated substantial therapeutic benefit for the treatment of genetic disorders. In manufacturing processes, viral capsids are produced with and without the encapsidated gene of interest. Capsids devoid of the gene of interest, or "empty" capsids, represent a product-related impurity. As a result, a robust and scalable method to enrich full capsids is crucial to provide patients with as much potentially active product as possible. Anion exchange chromatography has emerged as a highly utilized method for full capsid enrichment across many serotypes due to its ease of use, robustness, and scalability. However, achieving sufficient resolution between the full and empty capsids is not trivial. In this work, anion exchange chromatography was used to achieve empty and full capsid resolution for adeno-associated virus serotype 5. A salt gradient screen of multiple salts with varied valency and Hofmeister series properties was performed to determine optimal peak resolution and aggregate reduction. Dual salt effects were evaluated on the same product and process attributes to identify any synergies with the use of mixed ion gradients. The modified process provided as high as ≥75% AAV5 full capsids (≥3-fold enrichment based on the percent full in the feed stream) with near baseline separation of empty capsids and achieved an overall vector genome step yield of >65%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matt A Teten
- BridgeBio Gene Therapy LLC, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Summer Swango
- BridgeBio Gene Therapy LLC, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Amod Joshi
- BridgeBio Gene Therapy LLC, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amber N Kozak
- BridgeBio Gene Therapy LLC, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Mary K Bright
- BridgeBio Gene Therapy LLC, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric J Yearley
- BridgeBio Gene Therapy LLC, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Jacob A Irwin
- BridgeBio Gene Therapy LLC, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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7
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Robertson H, Elliott GR, Nelson ARJ, Le Brun AP, Webber GB, Prescott SW, Craig VSJ, Wanless EJ, Willott JD. Underscreening in concentrated electrolytes: re-entrant swelling in polyelectrolyte brushes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24770-24782. [PMID: 37671535 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02206d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypersaline environments are ubiquitous in nature and are found in myriad technological processes. Recent empirical studies have revealed a significant discrepancy between predicted and observed screening lengths at high salt concentrations, a phenomenon referred to as underscreening. Herein we investigate underscreening using a cationic polyelectrolyte brush as an exemplar. Poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)trimethylammonium (PMETAC) brushes were synthesised and their internal structural changes and swelling response was monitored with neutron reflectometry and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Both techniques revealed a monotonic brush collapse as the concentration of symmetric monovalent electrolyte increased. However, a non-monotonic change in brush thickness was observed in all multivalent electrolytes at higher concentrations, known as re-entrant swelling; indicative of underscreening. For all electrolytes, numerical self-consistent field theory predictions align with experimental studies in the low-to-moderate salt concentration regions. Analysis suggests that the classical theory of electrolytes is insufficient to describe the screening lengths observed at high salt concentrations and that the re-entrant polyelectrolyte brush swelling seen herein is consistent with the so-called regular underscreening phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Robertson
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Gareth R Elliott
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Andrew R J Nelson
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Anton P Le Brun
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Grant B Webber
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Stuart W Prescott
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Vincent S J Craig
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Erica J Wanless
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Joshua D Willott
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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8
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Zeger VR, Bell DS, Anderson JL. Understanding the influence of polymeric ionic liquid sorbent coating substituents on cannabinoid and pesticide affinity in solid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464222. [PMID: 37523907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
To understand factors that drive pesticide-cannabinoid selectivity in solid-phase microextraction (SPME), eight new polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) sorbent coatings were designed and compared to four previously reported PIL sorbent coatings for the extraction of pesticides. The four PIL sorbent coatings consisted of either vinylimidazolium or vinylbenzylimidazolium ILs with long alkyl chain substituents (i.e., -C8H17 or -C12H25) and bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([NTf2-]) anions, from which the eight new PIL sorbent coatings were adapted. Modifications to the chemical structure of IL monomers and crosslinkers included incorporation of polymerizable p-styrenesulfonate or 3-sulfopropyl acrylate anions, the addition of aromatic moieties, and/or the addition of polar functional groups (i.e., -OH or -O- groups). A total of ten commonly regulated pesticides and six cannabinoids were examined in this study. The effect of salt on the solubility of pesticides and cannabinoids in aqueous solutions was assessed by determining their extraction efficiencies in the presence of varied methanol content. Differences in their solubilities appear to play a dominant role in enhancing pesticide-cannabinoid selectivity. The selectivity, represented as the ratio of pesticide total peak areas to cannabinoid total peak areas, also exhibited a moderate correlation to the affinity of the sorbent coatings towards both the pesticides and the cannabinoids. A positive correlation was observed for the pesticides and a negative correlation was observed for the cannabinoids, suggesting that selectivity was driven by more than the presence of salt in the samples. The sorbent coatings' affinity towards each class of analytes were examined to determine specific interactions that might influence selectivity. The two main structural modifications increasing pesticide-cannabinoid selectivity included the absence of aromatic moieties and the addition of hydrogen bond donor functional groups. Extractions of simple aromatic molecules as probes were performed under similar extraction conditions as the cannabinoids and confirmed the influence of hydrogen bonding interactions on sorbent coating affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R Zeger
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - David S Bell
- Restek Corporation, 110 Benner Circle, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania 16823, United States
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
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9
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Scheepers D, Casimiro A, Borneman Z, Nijmeijer K. Addressing Specific (Poly)ion Effects for Layer-by-Layer Membranes. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:2032-2042. [PMID: 36935653 PMCID: PMC10012173 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c02078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of the alternating adsorption of oppositely charged polyions is an extensively studied method to produce nanofiltration membranes. In this work, the concept of chaotropicity of the polycation and its counterion is introduced in the LbL field. In general, the more chaotropic a polyion, the lower its effective charge, charge availability, and hydrophilicity. Here, this is researched for the well-known PDADMAC (polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride) and PAH (poly(allylamine) hydrochloride), and the synthesized PAMA (polyallylmultimethylammonium), with two different counterions (I- and Cl-). Higher chaotropicity (PDADMAC > PAMA-I > PAMA-Cl > PAH) translates into a reduced charge availability and a more pronounced extrinsic charge compensation, resulting in more mass adsorption and a higher pure water permeability. PAMA-containing membranes show the most interesting results in the series. Due to its molecular structure, the chaotropicity of this polycation perfectly lies between PDADMAC and PAH. Overall, the chaotropicity of PAMA membranes allows for the formation of the right balance between extrinsic and intrinsic charge compensation with PSS. Moreover, modifying the nature of the counterions of PAMA (I- or Cl-) allows to tune the density of the multilayer and results in lower size exclusion abilities with PAMA-I compared to PAMA-Cl (higher MWCO and lower MgSO4 retention). In general, the contextualization of the polyion interaction within the specific (poly)ion effects expands the understanding of the influence of the charge density of polycations without ignoring the chemical nature of the functional groups in their monomer units.
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10
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Hofmeister series: An insight into its application on gelatin and alginate-based dual-drug biomaterial design. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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11
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Mura M, Humphreys B, Gilbert J, Salis A, Nylander T. Cation and buffer specific effects on the DNA-lipid interaction. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 223:113187. [PMID: 36739672 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of DNA - lipid layer interactions is key for the development of biosensors, synthetic nanopores, scaffolds, and gene-delivery systems. These interactions are strongly affected by the ionic composition of the solvent. We have combined quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and ellipsometry measurements to reveal how pH, buffers and alkali metal chloride salts affect the interaction of DNA with lipid bilayers (DOTAP/DOPC 30:70 in moles). We found that the thickness of the DNA layer adsorbed onto the lipid bilayer decreased in the order citrate > phosphate > Tris > HEPES. The effect of cations on the thickness of the DNA layer decreased in the order (K+ > Na+ > Cs+ ∼ Li+). Rationalization of the experimental results requires that adsorption, due to cation specific charge screening, is driven by the simultaneous action of two mechanisms namely, the law of matching water affinities for kosmotropes (Li+) and ion dispersion forces for chaotropes (Cs+). The outcome of these two opposing mechanisms is a "bell-shaped" specific cations sequence. Moreover, a superimposed buffer specificity, which goes beyond the simple effect of pH regulation, further modulated cation specificity. In summary, DNA-lipid bilayer interactions are maximized if citrate buffer (50 mM, pH 7.4) and KCl (100 mM) are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mura
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), I-50019, Italy
| | - Ben Humphreys
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Gilbert
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrea Salis
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), I-50019, Italy.
| | - Tommy Nylander
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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12
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Manasa CS, Silva SM, Caballero-Aguilar LM, Quigley AF, Kapsa RMI, Greene GW, Moulton SE. Active and passive drug release by self-assembled lubricin (PRG4) anti-fouling coatings. J Control Release 2022; 352:35-46. [PMID: 36228955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Electroactive polymers (EAPs) have been investigated as materials for use in a range of biomedical applications, ranging from cell culture, electrical stimulation of cultured cells as well as controlled delivery of growth factors and drugs. Despite their excellent drug delivery ability, EAPs are susceptible to biofouling thus they often require surface functionalisation with antifouling coatings to limit unwanted non-specific protein adsorption. Here we demonstrate the surface modification of para toluene sulfonate (pTS) doped polypyrrole with the glycoprotein lubricin (LUB) to produce a self-assembled coating that both prevents surface biofouling while also serving as a high-capacity reservoir for cationic drugs which can then be released passively via diffusion or actively via an applied electrical potential. We carried out our investigation in two parts where we initially assessed the antifouling and cationic drug delivery ability of LUB tethered on a gold surface using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM) to monitor molecular interactions occurring on a gold sensor surface. After confirming the ability of tethered LUB nano brush layers on a gold surface, we introduced an electrochemically grown EAP layer to act as the immobilisation surface for LUB before subsequently introducing the cationic drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). The release of cationic drug was then investigated under passive and electrochemically stimulated conditions. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was then carried out to quantify the amount of DOX released. It was shown that the amount of DOX released from nano brush layers of LUB tethered on gold and EAP surfaces could be increased by up to 30% per minute by applying a positive electrochemically stimulating pulse at 0.8 V for one minute. Using bovine serum albumin (BSA), we show that DOX loaded LUB tethered on para toluene sulfonic acid (pTS) doped polypyrrole retained antifouling ability of up to 75% when compared to unloaded tethered LUB. This work demonstrates the unique, novel ability of tethered LUB to actively participate in the delivery of cationic therapeutics on different substrate surfaces. This study could lead to the development of versatile multifunctional biomaterials for use in wide range of biomedical applications, such as dual drug delivery and lubricating coatings, dual drug delivery and antifouling coatings, cellular recording and stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton S Manasa
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Saimon M Silva
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Lilith M Caballero-Aguilar
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Anita F Quigley
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy 3065, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy 3065, Melbourne, Australia
| | - George W Greene
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | - Simon E Moulton
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia.
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13
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Wang K, Zhang S, Xu Q, Lian T, Xu Z, Jiang M, Liu P. Fabrication of Salt-tolerant Chitosan-based Polyelectrolyte Flocculant through Enhancing H-bond Hydration Effect for Treating and Recycling of Highly Saline Dyeing Wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Yuan H, Liu G. Polyelectrolyte Complexation When Considering the Counterion-Mediated Hydrogen Bonding. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:8179-8186. [PMID: 35748635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have investigated a pH-modulated complexation between two oppositely charged strong polyelectrolytes to demonstrate the effect of counterion-mediated hydrogen bonding (CMHB) on polyelectrolyte complexation. We have found that such a pH-modulated complexation cannot be understood without considering the CMHB. Thermodynamically, the effect of CMHB on the polyelectrolyte complexation is manifested by the alteration of both enthalpic and entropic contributions to the free energy change. The pH-dependent intrinsic ion-pairing and complex coacervation processes of the polyelectrolyte complexation can be understood when considering the CMHB. Our study demonstrates that both the extent of polyelectrolyte complex formation in bulk solutions and the formation of polyelectrolyte multilayers on surfaces are controlled by the pH-dependent intrinsic ion-pairing process. Furthermore, on the basis of the pH-dependent intrinsic ion pairing, the properties of the multilayers can be tuned by pH. This work provides a new strategy to control the polyelectrolyte complexation with counterions and will inspire new ideas for building advanced polyelectrolyte materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yuan
- Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China 230026
| | - Guangming Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China 230026
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15
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Lin CH, Luo SC. Zwitterionic Conducting Polymers: From Molecular Design, Surface Modification, and Interfacial Phenomenon to Biomedical Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:7383-7399. [PMID: 35675211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conducting polymers (CPs) have gained attention as electrode materials in bioengineering mainly because of their mechanical softness compared to conventional inorganic materials. To achieve better performance and broaden bioelectronics applications, the surface modification of soft zwitterionic polymers with antifouling properties represents a facile approach to preventing unwanted nonspecific protein adsorption and improving biocompatibility. This feature article emphasizes the antifouling properties of zwitterionic CPs, accompanied by their molecular synthesis and surface modification methods and an analysis of the interfacial phenomenon. Herein, commonly used methods for zwitterionic functionalization on CPs are introduced, including the synthesis of zwitterionic moieties on CP molecules and postsurface modification, such as the grafting of zwitterionic polymer brushes. To analyze the chain conformation, the structure of bound water in the vicinity of zwitterionic CPs and biomolecule behavior, such as protein adsorption or cell adhesion, provide critical insights into the antifouling properties. Integrating these characterization techniques offers general guidelines and paves the way for designing new zwitterionic CPs for advanced biomedical applications. Recent advances in newly designed zwitterionic CP-based electrodes have demonstrated outstanding potential in modern biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
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16
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Ehtiati K, Moghaddam SZ, Klok HA, Daugaard AE, Thormann E. Specific Counterion Effects on the Swelling Behavior of Strong Polyelectrolyte Brushes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koosha Ehtiati
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Saeed Z. Moghaddam
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire des Polyméres, Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anders E. Daugaard
- Danish Polymer Center, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Esben Thormann
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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17
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Zimmermann R, Duval JF, Werner C, Sterling JD. Quantitative insights into electrostatics and structure of polymer brushes from microslit electrokinetic experiments and advanced modelling of interfacial electrohydrodynamics. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Gao J, Zhan QW, Tang Z, Huang Y. The critical Transition from Soluble Complexes to Colloidal Aggregates of Polyelectrolyte Complexes at Non-stoichiometric Charge Ratios. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100880. [PMID: 35066951 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The transition from soluble to colloidal polyelectrolyte complex normally occurs at a critical non-stoichiometric charge ratio. Here, we demonstrated that the conventional batch mixing produces heterogeneous binding and complexation, which could easily mask this soluble-colloidal complex transition (sol-col transition) even for weakly binding polyelectrolytes like polyacrylic acid (PAA) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC). When mixed efficiently using multi-inlet vortex mixer (MIVM), the sol-col transition occurs beyond a critical charge ratio (n-/n+) and the large colloidal complexes are formed through the aggregation of small primary complexes (as revealed by atomic force microscopy). Moreover, the sol-col transition occurs at a constant charge ratio below the overlapping concentration (c*) of the long host polyelectrolyte, but at lower charge ratios above c* due to chain entanglement. When adding NaCl to the solution, the sol-col transition charge ratio first decreases, then remained stable for a period and finally increased and vanished at high ionic strength. When replacing NaCl with chaotropic salts, the sol-col transition occurs at lower charge ratios, while kosmotropes had little impact. The solvent quality and polymer hydrophobicity effects are also discussed. With the assistance of rapid mixing, this study provides a more reliable way of studying the sol-col transition of polyelectrolyte complexes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Qiang-Wei Zhan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Ziyao Tang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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19
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Fengler C, Spange S, Sommer M, Wilhelm M. Synthesis of Superabsorbent Poly(vinylamine) Core–Shell Particles Monitored by Time-Domain NMR. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fengler
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Spange
- Institute for Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institute for Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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20
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The Anion Binding Affinity Determines the Strength of Anion Specificities of Thermosensitive Polymers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Ren M, Hou Z, Zheng X, Xu J, Zhu J. Electrostatic Control of the Three-Dimensional Confined Assembly of Charged Block Copolymers in Emulsion Droplets. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ren
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zaiyan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xihuang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
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22
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Ji C, Zhou C, Zhao B, Yang J, Zhao J. Effect of Counterion Binding to Swelling of Polyelectrolyte Brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:5554-5562. [PMID: 33934597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of binding strength of counterions with the polyelectrolyte chain to the swelling of polyelectrolyte brushes is studied, by investigating the swelling of both the polycation and polyanion in response to the variation of the salt concentration under the change of counterion's identity. Two polyelectrolyte brushes grafted on solid substrates are adopted: the cationic poly [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethyl ammonium] (PMETA-X, X = F, Cl, Br, and I) and the anionic polystyrene sulfonate (M-PSS, M = Li, Na, K, and Cs). The swelling change with the salt concentration is investigated by ellipsometry, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, and dielectric spectroscopy. It is discovered that although the thickness of PMETA-X brushes is larger than that of M-PSS brushes of similar grafting density, the former has much less solvent incorporated than the latter. Such a difference is attributed to the weaker interaction between the PMETA+ chain and its halide counterions than that between the PSS- chain and its alkali counterions, discovered by dielectric spectroscopy. This makes the original charges on the PMETA-X chain less neutralized and therefore have a higher charge density, compared with the M-PSS chain. The results demonstrate that the stronger binding of the counterions to the polyelectrolytes makes the main chains less charged, resulting in the weaker inter-chain electrostatic repulsion and less swelling of the brushes. Investigations into the effect of ion identity show the following order of binding strength: for the cationic PMETA+ chain, F- < Cl- < Br- < I- and for the anionic PSS- chain, Li+ < Na+ < K+ < Cs+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunda Ji
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bintao Zhao
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingfa Yang
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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23
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Gresham IJ, Humphreys BA, Willott JD, Johnson EC, Murdoch TJ, Webber GB, Wanless EJ, Nelson ARJ, Prescott SW. Geometrical Confinement Modulates the Thermoresponse of a Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) Brush. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J. Gresham
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Ben A. Humphreys
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Joshua D. Willott
- Membrane Science and Technology, Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin C. Johnson
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Murdoch
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Grant B. Webber
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Erica J. Wanless
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | | | - Stuart W. Prescott
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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24
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Lian L, Liu L, Ding Y, Hua Z, Liu G. Specific Anion Effects on Charged-Neutral Random Copolymers: Interplay between Different Anion-Polymer Interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1697-1706. [PMID: 33499598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The study of ion specificities of charged-neutral random copolymers is of great importance for understanding specific ion effects on natural macromolecules. In the present work, we have investigated the specific anion effects on the thermoresponsive behavior of poly([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl trimethylammonium chloride]-co-N-isopropylacrylamide) [P(METAC-co-NIPAM)] random copolymers. Our study demonstrates that the anion specificities of the P(METAC-co-NIPAM) copolymers are dependent on their chemical compositions. The specific anion effects on the copolymers with high mole fractions of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) are similar to those on the PNIPAM homopolymer. As the mole fraction of PNIPAM decreases to a certain value, a V-shaped anion series can be observed in terms of the anion-specific cloud point temperature of the copolymer, as induced by the interplay between different anion-polymer interactions. Our study also suggests that both the direct and the indirect anion-polymer interactions contribute to the anion specificities of the copolymers. This work would improve our understanding of the relationship between the ion specificities and the ion-macromolecule interactions for naturally occurring macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Lian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lvdan Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Ding
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zan Hua
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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25
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Mehringer J, Hofmann E, Touraud D, Koltzenburg S, Kellermeier M, Kunz W. Salting-in and salting-out effects of short amphiphilic molecules: a balance between specific ion effects and hydrophobicity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:1381-1391. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05491g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Salting-in or salting-out tendencies depend on a balance between headgroup-specific ion effects and the hydrophobicity of the tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Mehringer
- Institute of Theoretical and Physical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Evamaria Hofmann
- Institute of Theoretical and Physical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Didier Touraud
- Institute of Theoretical and Physical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | | | | | - Werner Kunz
- Institute of Theoretical and Physical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
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26
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Walkowiak J, Gradzielski M, Zauscher S, Ballauff M. Interaction of Proteins with a Planar Poly(acrylic acid) Brush: Analysis by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring (QCM-D). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:polym13010122. [PMID: 33396873 PMCID: PMC7795234 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the preparation of a poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) brush, polymerized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of tert-butyl acrylate (tBA) and subsequent acid hydrolysis, on the flat gold surfaces of quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) crystals. The PAA brushes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ellipsometry and water contact angle analysis. The interaction of the PAA brushes with human serum albumin (HSA) was studied for a range of ionic strengths and pH conditions by quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). The quantitative analysis showed a strong adsorption of protein molecules onto the PAA brush. By increasing the ionic strength, we were able to release a fraction of the initially bound HSA molecules. This finding highlights the importance of counterions in the polyelectrolyte-mediated protein adsorption/desorption. A comparison with recent calorimetric studies related to the binding of HSA to polyelectrolytes allowed us to fully analyze the QCM data based on the results of the thermodynamic analysis of the binding process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Walkowiak
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands;
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Straße des 17. Juni 124, Sekr. TC7, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Stefan Zauscher
- Mechanical Engineering and Material Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Matthias Ballauff
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (M.B.)
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27
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Competitive specific ion effects in mixed salt solutions on a thermoresponsive polymer brush. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 586:292-304. [PMID: 33189318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Grafted poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (POEGMA) copolymer brushes change conformation in response to temperature ('thermoresponse'). In the presence of different ions the thermoresponse of these coatings is dramatically altered. These effects are complex and poorly understood with no all-inclusive predictive theory of specific ion effects. As natural environments are composed of mixed electrolytes, it is imperative we understand the interplay of different ions for future applications. We hypothesise anion mixtures from the same end of the Hofmeister series (same-type anions) will exhibit non-additive and competitive behaviour. EXPERIMENTS The behaviour of POEGMA brushes, synthesised via surface-initiated ARGET-ATRP, in both single and mixed aqueous electrolyte solutions was characterised with ellipsometry and neutron reflectometry as a function of temperature. FINDINGS In mixed fluoride and chloride aqueous electrolytes (salting-out ions), or mixed thiocyanate and iodide aqueous electrolytes (salting-in ions), a non-monotonic concentration-dependent influence of the two anions on the thermoresponse of the brush was observed. A new term, δ, has been defined to quantitively describe synergistic or antagonistic behaviour. This study determined the specific ion effects imparted by salting-out ions are dependent on available solvent molecules, whereas the influence of salting-in ions is dependent on the interactions of the anions and polymer chains.
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28
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Liu R, Shi Q. Protein retention in dextran-grafted cation exchange chromatography: The influence of pHs, counterions and polymer structure. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Yuan H, Liu G. Ionic effects on synthetic polymers: from solutions to brushes and gels. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:4087-4104. [PMID: 32292998 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00199f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ionic effects on synthetic polymers have attracted extensive attention due to the crucial role of ions in the determination of the properties of synthetic polymers. This review places the focus on specific ion effects, multivalent ion effects, and ionic hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity effects in synthetic polymer systems from solutions to brushes and gels. The specific ion effects on neutral polymers are determined by both the direct and indirect specific ion-polymer interactions, whereas the ion specificities of charged polymers are mainly dominated by the specific ion-pairing interactions. The ionic cross-linking effect exerted by the multivalent ions is widely used to tune the properties of polyelectrolytes, while the reentrant behavior of polyelectrolytes in the presence of multivalent ions still remains poorly understood. The ionic hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity effects not only can be applied to make strong polyelectrolytes thermosensitive, but also can be used to prepare polymeric nano-objects and to control the wettability of polyelectrolyte brush-modified surfaces. The not well-studied ionic hydrogen bond effects are also discussed in the last section of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yuan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
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30
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Matsuno R, Kokubo Y, Kumagai S, Takamatsu S, Hashimoto K, Takahara A. Molecular Design and Characterization of Ionic Monomers with Varying Ion Pair Interaction Energies. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Matsuno
- KOINE project Division Global Innovation Center, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yota Kokubo
- Sumitomo Riko Company, 1 Higashi 3-chome, Komaki, Aichi 485-8550, Japan
| | - Shinji Kumagai
- Sumitomo Riko Company, 1 Higashi 3-chome, Komaki, Aichi 485-8550, Japan
| | | | - Kazunobu Hashimoto
- KOINE project Division Global Innovation Center, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Sumitomo Riko Company, 1 Higashi 3-chome, Komaki, Aichi 485-8550, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahara
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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31
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Cai H, Kou R, Liu G. Counterion-Tunable Thermosensitivity of Strong Polyelectrolyte Brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:16862-16868. [PMID: 31774295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) brushes have been employed as a precursor to prepare thermosensitive strong polyelectrolyte brushes (SPBs) through a counterion exchange strategy. The substitution of hydrophilic Na+ counterions by hydrophobic tetraalkylphosphonium counterions leads to a thermoresponsivity of the SPBs. The thermosensitive properties including hydration, stiffness, and surface water wettability of the SPBs can be modulated by the type of the tetraalkylphosphonium counterions. Nevertheless, the wet thickness of the SPBs with tetraalkylphosphonium counterions does not exhibit an obvious temperature dependency due to the high steric barrier in the crowded environment of SPBs generated by the large tetraalkylphosphonium counterions. The mixtures of small Na+ counterions and large tetraalkylphosphonium counterions are employed to realize the thermosensitive wet thickness without sacrificing other thermoresponsive properties of the SPBs because the mixed counterions can bring both a certain hydrophobicity and some free space to the brushes. This work opens up the opportunities available for the use of counterions to tune the thermosensitivity of SPBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Cai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , No. 96, JinZhai Road , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Ran Kou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , No. 96, JinZhai Road , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , No. 96, JinZhai Road , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
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32
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Hollingsworth NR, Wilkanowicz SI, Larson RG. Salt- and pH-induced swelling of a poly(acrylic acid) brush via quartz crystal microbalance w/dissipation (QCM-D). SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:7838-7851. [PMID: 31528970 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01289c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We infer the swelling/de-swelling behavior of weakly ionizable poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) brushes of 2-39 kDa molar mass in the presence of KCl concentrations from 0.1-1000 mM, pH = 3, 7, and 9, and grafting densities σ = 0.12-2.15 chains per nm2 using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM-D), confirming and extending the work of Wu et al. to multiple chain lengths. At pH 7 and 9 (above the pKa ∼ 5), the brush initially swells at low KCl ionic strength (<10 mM) in the "osmotic brush" regime, and de-swells at higher salt concentrations, in the "salted brush" regime, and is relatively unaffected at pH 3, below the pKa, as expected. At pH 7, at low and moderate grafting densities, our results in the high-salt "salted brush" regime (Cs > 10 mM salt) agree with the predicted scaling H ∼ Nσ+1/3Cs-1/3 of brush height H, while in the low-salt "osmotic brush" regime (Cs < 10 mM salt), we find H ∼ Nσ+1/3Cs+0.28-0.38, whose dependence on Cs agrees with scaling theory for this regime, but the dependence on σ strongly disagrees with it. The predicted linearity in the degree of polymerization N is confirmed. The new results partially confirm scaling theory and clarify where improved theories and additional data are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha R Hollingsworth
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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33
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Heydarifard S, Gao W, Fatehi P. Impact of Counter Ions of Cationic Monomers on the Production and Characteristics of Chitosan-Based Hydrogel. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15087-15096. [PMID: 31552352 PMCID: PMC6751722 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan-based hydrogel has received considerable interests because of its appealing properties and applications in many areas. The primary objective of this work was to produce novel cationic chitosan-based hydrogels via polymerizing chitosan with two cationic monomers of the same structure but with different counter ions [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium methyl sulfate (METMS) and [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (METAC). Polymerization of chitosan with the cationic monomers performed under the conditions of 50 °C, 5 h, 7 pH, and 2/1 mol/mol monomer/chitosan led to chitosan-METMS and -METAC with the cationic charge densities of 3.22 and 2.88 mequiv/g, respectively. Elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry analyses were used to confirm the impact of counter ions of cationic monomers (i.e., polarizability of monomers) on their polymerization performance and the characteristics of induced chitosan-based hydrogels. Also, the results of this work postulated that the counter ions associated with the monomers could dramatically impact the water uptake and swelling properties of the generated chitosan-based hydrogels as well as their performance in adsorbing an anionic dye from a simulated solution.
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34
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Zhu J, Pan J, Ma C, Zhang G, Liu G. Specific Ion Effects on the Enzymatic Degradation of Polymeric Marine Antibiofouling Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:11157-11166. [PMID: 31347852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is expected that the widely dispersed ions in seawater would have strong influence on the performance of polymeric marine antibiofouling materials through the modulation of enzymatic degradation of the materials. In this work, poly(ε-caprolactone)-based polyurethane and poly(triisopropylsilyl methacrylate-co-2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane) have been employed as model systems to explore the specific ion effects on the enzymatic degradation of polymeric marine antibiofouling materials. Our study demonstrates that the specific ion effects on the enzymatic degradation of the polymer films are closely correlated with the ion-specific enzymatic hydrolysis of the ester. In the presence of different cations, the effectiveness of the enzyme to degrade the polymer films is dominated by the direct specific interactions between the cations and the negatively charged enzyme molecules. In the presence of different anions, the kosmotropic anions give rise to a high enzyme activity in the degradation of polymer films induced by the salting-out effect, whereas the chaotropic anions lead to a low enzyme activity in the degradation of the polymer films owing to the salting-in effect. This work highlights the opportunities available for the use of specific ion effects to modulate the enzymatic degradation of polymeric antibiofouling materials in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Jiansen Pan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , 510640 Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Chunfeng Ma
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , 510640 Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , 510640 Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
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35
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Botka B, McQuillan AJ, Krasowska M, Beattie DA. Adsorption of Carboxymethyl Cellulose onto Titania Particle Films Studied with in Situ IR Spectroscopic Analysis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10734-10743. [PMID: 31362506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in aqueous solution onto a titania nanoparticle film has been studied using in situ attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR). CMC was adsorbed onto the positively charged titania surface in neutral, partially charged, and fully charged state. The response of the adsorbed polyelectrolyte layer was monitored upon changing the electrolyte pH and ionic strength. The degree of dissociation of the CMC increased upon adsorption onto the titania surface and changed with the surface coverage. Ionic strength change was observed to influence the degree of dissociation of the adsorbed CMC similar as when in solution. No significant peak shifts were observed in the spectrum of the adsorbed CMC during adsorption or in response to changing solution conditions; therefore, inner-sphere complexation between the carboxyl groups and the titania could not be confirmed. The effect of ion identity on the adsorption process was studied using soft and hard cations and mono- and divalent cations. The presence of a divalent counterion was observed to cause changes in the carboxymethyl vibrations, which can be related to formation of intra- or interchain linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A James McQuillan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin , New Zealand
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36
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Wu JG, Chen JH, Liu KT, Luo SC. Engineering Antifouling Conducting Polymers for Modern Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:21294-21307. [PMID: 31120722 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Conducting polymers are considered to be favorable electrode materials for implanted biosensors and bioelectronics, because their mechanical properties are similar to those of biological tissues such as nerve and brain tissues. However, one of the primary challenges for implanted devices is to prevent the unwanted protein adhesion or cell binding within biological fluids. The nonspecific adsorption generally causes the malfunction of implanted devices, which is problematic for long-term applications. When responding to the requirements of solving the problems caused by nonspecific adsorption, an increasing number of studies on antifouling conducting polymers has been recently published. In this review, synthetic strategies for preparing antifouling conducting polymers, including direct synthesis of functional monomers and post-functionalization, are introduced. The applications of antifouling conducting polymers in modern biomedical applications are particularly highlighted. This paper presents focuses on the features of antifouling conducting polymers and the challenges of modern biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Guang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Jie-Hao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
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37
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Zhao XJ, Gao ZF. A Theoretical Investigation on the pH Responses of Strong Polyelectrolyte Brushes. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x19030209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Sun P, Huang K, Liu H. In situ study of the competitive adsorption of ions at an organic-aqueous two-phase interface: the essential role of the Hofmeister effect. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:4346-4350. [PMID: 31074480 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00007k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of the microcosmic essence of the competitive adsorption of different ions at liquid/liquid interfaces is of crucial importance for the elucidation of the unique chemical reactivities or selectivities of ions in numerous heterogeneous chemical processes. However, the knowledge of the microscopic mechanism behind the competitive adsorption of ions at the liquid/liquid interface is lacking. Herein, the competitive adsorption of various inorganic salt anions at organic-aqueous two-phase interfaces has been investigated as compared to that of the CrO42- ions by total internal reflection UV-visible (TIR-UV) spectroscopy since CrO42- ions are detectable by UV-visible spectroscopy and have a relatively poor interface propensity as compared to other chaotropic ions. Experimental results indicate that the interface propensities of different salt anions to the organic/aqueous phase interface follow the Hofmeister series. Molecular dynamics simulations further provided molecular-level evidence for role of the Hofmeister series of ions in the competitive adsorption of salt anions at organic-aqueous two-phase interfaces; the present study provided the first-hand experimental evidence demonstrating the occurrence of the Hofmeister series effect at the organic/aqueous two-phase interfaces, influencing the competitive adsorption of different salt ions; moreover, it is expected to offer a basis for the development of new strategies for the regulation of the chemical reactivity and selectivity of ions at organic/aqueous phase interfaces by introduction of other ions for competitive adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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39
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Santos DES, Li D, Ramstedt M, Gautrot JE, Soares TA. Conformational Dynamics and Responsiveness of Weak and Strong Polyelectrolyte Brushes: Atomistic Simulations of Poly(dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) and Poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl trimethylammonium chloride). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:5037-5049. [PMID: 30869897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The complex solution behavior of polymer brushes is key to control their properties, including for biomedical applications and catalysis. The swelling behavior of poly(dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) and poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl trimethylammonium chloride) (PMETAC) in response to changes in pH, solvent, and salt types has been investigated using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. PDMAEMA and PMETAC have been selected as canonical models for weak and strong polyelectrolytes whose complex conformational behavior is particularly challenging for the development and validation of atomistic models. The GROMOS-derived atomic parameters reproduce the experimental swelling coefficients obtained from ellipsometry measurements for brushes of 5-15 nm thickness. The present atomistic models capture the protonated morphology of PDMAEMA, the swollen and collapsed conformations of PDMAEMA and PMETAC in good and bad solvents, and the salt-selective response of PMETAC. The modular nature of the molecular models allows for the simple extension of atomic parameters to a variety of polymers or copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denys E S Santos
- Departamento de Química Fundamental , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife , Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Thereza A Soares
- Departamento de Química Fundamental , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife , Brazil
- Department of Chemistry , Umeå University , 90187 Umeå , Sweden
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40
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Liu G. Tuning the Properties of Charged Polymers at the Solid/Liquid Interface with Ions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3232-3247. [PMID: 29806944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In conventional theories, where ions are treated as point charges, the properties of charged polymers can be tuned using ions via the ionic strength. However, this article will show that the properties of charged polymers at the solid/liquid interface, including charged polymer brushes and polyelectrolyte multilayers, can be tuned by ions beyond ionic strength effects. Ion specificity, multivalency, ionic hydrogen bonding, and ionic hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity are used to tune a range of properties of charged polymers at the solid/liquid interface such as hydration, conformation, stiffness, surface wettability, lubricity, adhesion, and protein adsorption. The ionic effects demonstrated here greatly broaden our understanding of the use of ions to tune the interfacial properties of charged polymers. It is anticipated that these ionic effects can be further expanded by incorporating new types of important ion-charged polymer interactions and can also be extended to neutral polymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , P. R. China 230026
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41
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Flagg LQ, Bischak CG, Onorato JW, Rashid RB, Luscombe CK, Ginger DS. Polymer Crystallinity Controls Water Uptake in Glycol Side-Chain Polymer Organic Electrochemical Transistors. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4345-4354. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Reem B. Rashid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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42
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Sakamaki T, Inutsuka Y, Igata K, Higaki K, Yamada NL, Higaki Y, Takahara A. Ion-Specific Hydration States of Zwitterionic Poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) Brushes in Aqueous Solutions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:1583-1589. [PMID: 30441903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ion-specific hydration states of zwitterionic poly(3-( N-2-methacryloyloxyethyl- N, N-dimethyl)ammonatopropanesulfonate) (PMAPS) brushes in various aqueous solutions were investigated by neutron reflectivity (NR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The asymmetric hydration state of the PMAPS brushes was verified from the NR scattering-length density profiles, while the variation in their swollen thickness was complementary as determined from AFM topographic images. PMAPS brushes got thicker in any salt solutions, while the extent of swelling and the dimensions of swollen chain structure were dependent on the ion species and salt concentration in the solutions. Anion specificity was clearly observed, whereas cations exhibited weaker modulation in ion-specific hydration states. The anion specificity could be ascribed to ion-specific interactions between the quaternary ammonium cation in sulfobetaine and the anions. The weak cation specificity was attributed to the intrinsically weak cohesive interactions between the weakly hydrated sulfonate anion in sulfobetaine and the strongly hydrated cations. The ion-specific hydration of PMAPS brushes was largely consistent with the ion-specific aggregation state of the PMAPS chains in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Neutron Science Laboratory , High Energy Accelerator Research Organization , Ibaraki 319-1106 , Japan
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43
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Chen Y, Luo SC. Synergistic Effects of Ions and Surface Potentials on Antifouling Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): Comparison of Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) and Phosphorylcholine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:1199-1210. [PMID: 30089366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For electrified surfaces, ions and applied potentials play major roles in controlling the surface properties. Antifouling materials such as poly(ethylene glycol) and zwitterionic polymers that resist nonspecific protein binding and cell adhesion play a key role in various biomedical applications. In this study, we investigated and compared the antifouling properties of conducting polymers grafted with oligo(ethylene glycol) groups and phosphorylcholine (PC) groups in the presence of different anions and applied potentials. Considerable effort has been made to illustrate the different effects of manipulating the antifouling properties of these two surfaces. We prepared polymer films by applying electropolymerization to two functionalized (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polymers containing triethylene glycol and PC groups, respectively. A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) was employed to characterize the negatively charged bovine serum albumin and positively charged lysozyme adsorption as a function of ionic concentration in the presence of various Hofmeister anions. The frequency changes corresponded to the protein or ion adsorption/desorption behavior on the surface. The anions adsorbed on polymer films to effectively enhance the hydration layer of the polymer surface and reduce nonspecific protein binding. We further integrated a potentiostat with the QCM-D to control the protein adsorption/desorption behaviors by applying potentials, and we conducted an electrochemical QCM-D study. Most importantly, with the synergistic effect of ions and surface potential, a nearly fresh polymer surface was regenerated. This study describes principles to maintain and regenerate the antifouling properties of electrified surfaces, which are critical for implanted bioelectronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
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44
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Jhiang JS, Wu TH, Chou CJ, Chang Y, Huang CJ. Gel-like ionic complexes for antimicrobial, hemostatic and adhesive properties. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:2878-2887. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb03367f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ion-specific effects offer a great opportunity to construct intelligent macromolecular systems with diverse architectures, on-demand controlled release behaviors and interfacial responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhia-Sin Jhiang
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology
- Chung Yuan Christian University
- Chung-Li City 32023
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Tzu-Hsien Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering
- National Central University
- Jhong-Li
- Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jung Chou
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology
- Chung Yuan Christian University
- Chung-Li City 32023
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Yung Chang
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology
- Chung Yuan Christian University
- Chung-Li City 32023
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Chun-Jen Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Chung Yuan Christian University
- Chung-Li City 32023
- Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering
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45
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Chudoba R, Heyda J, Dzubiella J. Tuning the collapse transition of weakly charged polymers by ion-specific screening and adsorption. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:9631-9642. [PMID: 30457144 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01646a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The experimentally observed swelling and collapse response of weakly charged polymers to the addition of specific salts displays quite convoluted behavior that is not easy to categorize. Here we use a minimalistic implicit-solvent/explicit-salt simulation model with a focus on ion-specific interactions between ions and a single weakly charged polyelectrolyte to qualitatively explain the observed effects. In particular, we demonstrate ion-specific screening and bridging effects cause collapse at low salt concentrations whereas the same strong ion-specific direct interactions drive re-entrant swelling at high concentrations. Consistently with experiments, a distinct salt concentration at which the salting-out power of anions inverts from the reverse to direct Hofmeister series is observed. At this so called isospheric point, the ion-specific effects vanish. Furthermore, with additional simplifying assumptions, an ion-specific mean-field model is developed for the collapse transition which quantitatively agrees with the simulations. Our work demonstrates the sensitivity of the structural behavior of charged polymers to the addition of specific salt beyond simple screening and shall be useful for further guidance of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Chudoba
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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46
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Baddam V, Aseyev V, Hietala S, Karjalainen E, Tenhu H. Polycation–PEG Block Copolymer Undergoes Stepwise Phase Separation in Aqueous Triflate Solution. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Baddam
- Department of Chemistry, PB 55, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Vladimir Aseyev
- Department of Chemistry, PB 55, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Department of Chemistry, PB 55, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Erno Karjalainen
- Department of Chemistry, PB 55, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry, PB 55, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
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47
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Zhang J, Cai H, Tang L, Liu G. Tuning the pH Response of Weak Polyelectrolyte Brushes with Specific Anion Effects. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12419-12427. [PMID: 30220208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The positively charged poly( N, N'-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) brushes have been employed as model weak polyelectrolyte brushes (WPBs) to demonstrate the tuning of the pH response of WPBs with specific anion effects. The charge density of PDMAEMA brushes can be modulated by specific ion-pairing interactions between counterions and the protonated dimethylamino group; as a result, the strength of the pH response of PDMAEMA brushes can be tuned by specific anion effects. A more chaotropic counterion can more strongly interact with the protonated dimethylamino group, thereby more effectively neutralizing the positively charged group associated with the grafted weak polyelectrolyte chains and more remarkably suppressing the pH response of PDMAEMA brushes. Although the pH response of PDMAEMA brushes is insensitive to the anion identity at a low salt concentration, it can be tuned by specific anion effects at relatively high salt concentrations. Our study demonstrates that the pH-responsive properties of PDMAEMA brushes including hydration, conformation, oil wettability, and adhesion can be tuned by specific anion effects. The work presented here provides a method to tune the pH response of WPBs by the anion identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Hongtao Cai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Ling Tang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
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Zhu R, Baraniak MK, Jäkle F, Liu G. Anion Specificity in Dimethyl Sulfoxide-Water Mixtures Exemplified by a Thermosensitive Polymer. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8293-8300. [PMID: 30086631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b06125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we have investigated the anion-specific upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior of polymer-supported borinic acid (PBA) in dimethyl sulfoxide-water (DMSO-H2O) mixtures. An inverted V-shaped series CH3COO- < Cl- < salt-free > NO3- > ClO4- > SCN- is observed in terms of the anion-specific UCST of PBA in the DMSO-H2O mixtures. Both direct anion-polymer interactions and indirect solvent-mediated anion-polymer interactions are involved in the specific anion effect on the UCST behavior of PBA. The direct binding of anions to the PBA surface generates a salting-in effect on PBA, causing the UCST for the different types of anions to increase from chaotropic to kosmotropic anions due to the stronger binding of the more chaotropic anions. On the other hand, the indirect anionic polarization of hydrogen bonding between PBA and DMSO molecules also produces a salting-in effect on PBA, leading the UCST for the different types of anions to increase from kosmotropic to chaotropic anions because of the stronger capability of the more kosmotropic anions to polarize the hydrogen bonding. Thus, the dominating anion-PBA interactions change from the direct anion binding to the indirect anionic polarization of hydrogen bonding as the anions change from chaotropes to kosmotropes. The observed inverted V-shaped series suggests that the specific anion effect on the UCST behavior of PBA in the DMSO-H2O mixtures is determined by the combined effects of the binding of anions to the PBA surface and the anionic polarization of hydrogen bonding between PBA and DMSO molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwei Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , P. R. China 230026
| | - Monika K Baraniak
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University-Newark , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University-Newark , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Guangming Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , P. R. China 230026
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Unprotonated Short-Chain Alkylamines Inhibit Staphylolytic Activity of Lysostaphin in a Wall Teichoic Acid-Dependent Manner. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.00693-18. [PMID: 29728390 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00693-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysostaphin (Lst) is a potent bacteriolytic enzyme that kills Staphylococcus aureus, a common bacterial pathogen of humans and animals. With high activity against both planktonic cells and biofilms, Lst has the potential to be used in industrial products, such as commercial cleansers, for decontamination. However, Lst is inhibited in the presence of monoethanolamine (MEA), a chemical widely used in cleaning solutions and pharmaceuticals, and the underlying mechanism of inhibition remains unknown. In this study, we examined the cell binding and killing capabilities of Lst against S. aureus ATCC 6538 in buffered salt solution with MEA at different pH values (7.5 to 10.5) and discovered that only the unprotonated form of MEA inhibited Lst binding to the cell surface, leading to low Lst activity, despite retention of its secondary structure. This reduced enzyme activity could be largely recovered via a reduction in wall teichoic acid (WTA) biosynthesis through tunicamycin treatment, indicating that the suppression of Lst activity was dependent on the presence and amount of WTA. We propose that the decreased cell binding and killing capabilities of Lst are associated with the influence of uncharged MEA on the conformation of WTA. A similar effect was confirmed with other short-chain alkylamines. This study offers new insight into the impact of short-chain alkylamines on both Lst and WTA structure and function and provides guidance for the application of Lst in harsh environments.IMPORTANCE Lysostaphin (Lst) effectively and selectively kills Staphylococcus aureus, the bacterial culprit of many hospital- and community-acquired skin and respiratory infections and food poisoning. Lst has been investigated in animal models and clinical trials, industrial formulations, and environmental settings. Here, we studied the mechanistic basis of the inhibitory effect of alkylamines, such as monoethanolamine (MEA), a widely used chemical in commercial detergents, on Lst activity, for the potential incorporation of Lst in disinfectant solutions. We have found that protonated MEA has little influence on Lst activity, while unprotonated MEA prevents Lst from binding to S. aureus cells and hence dramatically decreases the enzyme's bacteriolytic efficacy. Following partial removal of the wall teichoic acid, an important component of the bacterial cell envelope, the inhibitory effect of unprotonated MEA on Lst is reduced. This phenomenon can be extended to other short-chain alkylamines. This mechanistic report of the impact of alkylamines on Lst functionality will help guide future applications of Lst in disinfection and decontamination of health-related commercial products.
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Xiao S, Zhang M, He X, Huang L, Zhang Y, Ren B, Zhong M, Chang Y, Yang J, Zheng J. Dual Salt- and Thermoresponsive Programmable Bilayer Hydrogel Actuators with Pseudo-Interpenetrating Double-Network Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:21642-21653. [PMID: 29878750 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Development of smart soft actuators is highly important for fundamental research and industrial applications but has proved to be extremely challenging. In this work, we present a facile, one-pot, one-step method to prepare dual-responsive bilayer hydrogels, consisting of a thermoresponsive poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) (polyNIPAM) layer and a salt-responsive poly(3-(1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1 H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)propane-1-sulfonate) (polyVBIPS) layer. Both polyNIPAM and polyVBIPS layers exhibit a completely opposite swelling/shrinking behavior, where polyNIPAM shrinks (swells) but polyVBIPS swells (shrinks) in salt solution (water) or at high (low) temperatures. By tuning NIPAM:VBIPS ratios, the resulting polyNIPAM/polyVBIPS bilayer hydrogels enable us to achieve fast and large-amplitude bidirectional bending in response to temperatures, salt concentrations, and salt types. Such bidirectional bending, bending orientation, and degree can be reversibly, repeatedly, and precisely controlled by salt- or temperature-induced cooperative swelling-shrinking properties from both layers. Based on their fast, reversible, and bidirectional bending behavior, we further design two conceptual hybrid hydrogel actuators, serving as a six-arm gripper to capture, transport, and release an object and an electrical circuit switch to turn on-and-off a lamp. Different from the conventional two- or multistep methods for preparation of bilayer hydrogels, our simple, one-pot, one-step method and a new bilayer hydrogel system provide an innovative concept to explore new hydrogel-based actuators through combining different responsive materials that allow us to program different stimuli for soft and intelligent materials applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Xiao
- College of Materials Science & Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering , Taizhou University , Jiaojiang 318000 , China
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Xiaomin He
- College of Materials Science & Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Lei Huang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Yanxian Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Baiping Ren
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | | | - Yung Chang
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering , Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li , Taoyuan 320 , Taiwan
| | - Jintao Yang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
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