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Jara Fornerod M, Alvarez-Fernandez A, Williams ER, Skoda MWA, Prieto-Simon B, Voelcker NH, Stefik M, Coppens MO, Guldin S. Enhanced Structural Control of Soft-Templated Mesoporous Inorganic Thin Films by Inert Processing Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:56143-56155. [PMID: 36503231 PMCID: PMC9782354 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous thin films are widely used for applications in need of high surface area and efficient mass and charge transport properties. A well-established fabrication process involves the supramolecular assembly of organic molecules (e.g., block copolymers and surfactants) with inorganic materials obtained by sol-gel chemistry. Typically, subsequent calcination in air removes the organic template and reveals the porous inorganic network. A significant challenge for such coatings is the anisotropic shrinkage due to the volume contraction related to solvent evaporation, inorganic condensation, and template removal, affecting the final porosity as well as pore shape, size, arrangement, and accessibility. Here, we show that a two-step calcination process, composed of high-temperature treatment in argon followed by air calcination, is an effective fabrication strategy to reduce film contraction and enhance structural control of mesoporous thin films. Crucially, the formation of a transient carbonaceous scaffold enables the inorganic matrix to fully condense before template removal. The resulting mesoporous films retain a higher porosity as well as bigger pores with extended porous order. Such films present favorable characteristics for mass transport of large molecules. This is demonstrated for lysozyme adsorption into the mesoporous thin films as an example of enzyme storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Alvarez-Fernandez
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Eric R. Williams
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Maximilian W. A. Skoda
- ISIS
Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 OQX, U.K.
| | - Beatriz Prieto-Simon
- Department
of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira
i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Monash Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Melbourne
Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node
of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Morgan Stefik
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Marc-Olivier Coppens
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
- Centre
for Nature Inspired Engineering, University
College London, Torrington
Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Stefan Guldin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
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2
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Template-assisted interfacial self-assembly of amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)-based triblock copolymers for automatic control of molecular alignment. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Güillen Obando A, Chen Y, Qiang Z. A simple route to prepare supramolecular block copolymers using telechelic polystyrene/polydimethylsiloxane pairs. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS USA
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4
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Robertson M, Zhou Q, Ye C, Qiang Z. Developing Anisotropy in Self-Assembled Block Copolymers: Methods, Properties, and Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100300. [PMID: 34272778 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) self-assembly has continually attracted interest as a means to provide bottom-up control over nanostructures. While various methods have been demonstrated for efficiently ordering BCP nanodomains, most of them do not generically afford control of nanostructural orientation. For many applications of BCPs, such as energy storage, microelectronics, and separation membranes, alignment of nanodomains is a key requirement for enabling their practical use or enhancing materials performance. This review focuses on summarizing research progress on the development of anisotropy in BCP systems, covering a variety of topics from established aligning techniques, resultant material properties, and the associated applications. Specifically, the significance of aligning nanostructures and the anisotropic properties of BCPs is discussed and highlighted by demonstrating a few promising applications. Finally, the challenges and outlook are presented to further implement aligned BCPs into practical nanotechnological applications, where exciting opportunities exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Robertson
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Qingya Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Changhuai Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
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5
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Xia X, Vogt BD. Microwave Processing Controls the Morphology of Block Copolymer-Templated Mesoporous Cobalt Oxide Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:1288-1297. [PMID: 31958015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microwave heating provides an efficient method to rapidly heat materials through interaction of microwaves with the media. Here, we demonstrate the rapid synthesis of mesoporous cobalt oxide films through the heating of the silicon substrate by microwaves. A non-sol-gel approach based on cobalt nitrate-citric acid complex cooperative assembly with a poly[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)methacrylate]-block-poly(butyl acrylate) (PMPEGMA-b-PBA) block copolymer was used to fabricate the cobalt oxide through a cobalt carbonate intermediate. The time required to convert cobalt carbonate to cobalt oxide with the full removal of the PMPEGMA-b-PBA template can be decreased by two orders of magnitude with microwaves in comparison to standard heating in a furnace at 350 °C. At the highest microwave power examined (1500 W), this can be accomplished within 2 s, while >5 min is required at 350 °C in a furnace. At a microwave power of <400 W, there is insufficient energy to induce the transition from carbonate to oxide, but even at only 420 W, the oxide can be formed within 26 s. The rapid heating by the microwaves tends to increase the crystallinity and mean crystal size of the cobalt oxide within the mesoporous films. Despite the growth of larger average crystals, the pore size and porosity tend to be larger when the film is processed using microwaves. Higher microwave power leads to larger average crystals and average pore size. These results suggest that rapid processing to crystallize frameworks in mesoporous materials may allow for highly crystalline frameworks without loss of the templated mesostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Xia
- Department of Polymer Engineering , University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Bryan D Vogt
- Department of Chemical Engineering , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16803 , United States
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6
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Alvarez-Fernandez A, Reid B, Fornerod MJ, Taylor A, Divitini G, Guldin S. Structural Characterization of Mesoporous Thin Film Architectures: A Tutorial Overview. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5195-5208. [PMID: 31961128 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous thin film architectures are an important class of materials that exhibit unique properties, which include high surface area, versatile surface functionalization, and bicontinuous percolation paths through a broad library of pore arrangements on the 10 nm length scale. Although porosimetry of bulk materials via sorption techniques is common practice, the characterization of thin mesoporous films with small sample volumes remains a challenge. A range of techniques are geared toward providing information over pore morphology, pore size distribution, surface area and overall porosity, but none of them offers a holistic evaluation and results are at times inconsistent. In this work, we present a tutorial overview for the reliable structural characterization of mesoporous films. Three model samples with variable pore size and porosity prepared by block copolymer (BCP) coassembly serve for a rational comparison. Various techniques are assessed side-by-side, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), and ellipsometric porosimetry (EP). We critically discuss advantages and limitations of each technique and provide guidelines for reliable implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Alvarez-Fernandez
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , Torrington Place , London WC1E 7JE , United Kingdom
| | - Barry Reid
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , Torrington Place , London WC1E 7JE , United Kingdom
| | - Maximiliano J Fornerod
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , Torrington Place , London WC1E 7JE , United Kingdom
| | - Alaric Taylor
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , Torrington Place , London WC1E 7JE , United Kingdom
| | - Giorgio Divitini
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Guldin
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , Torrington Place , London WC1E 7JE , United Kingdom
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7
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Xia X, Bass G, Becker ML, Vogt BD. Tuning Cooperative Assembly with Bottlebrush Block Co-polymers for Porous Metal Oxide Films Using Solvent Mixtures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:9572-9583. [PMID: 31240935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer templating enables the generation of well-defined pore sizes and geometries in a wide variety of frameworks, typically through evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA). Here, we systematically modulate the solvent quality with mixtures of tetrahydrofuran-ethanol (THF-EtOH) to manipulate the unimer/micelle ratio in the precursor solution to explore how the associated solution structure influences the final pore morphology. A bottlebrush block copolymer (BBCP) with poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(t-butyl acrylate) side chains was used as the template for pore formation. Irrespective of the solvent composition, a bimodal pore size distribution was obtained with mesopores templated by small aggregates of the BBCP unimers (potentially low aggregation number micelles) and macropores templated by large self-assembled BBCP micelles. The morphology and pore characteristics of the metal oxide films were dependent on the THF-EtOH composition. Interestingly, an intermediate solvent composition where the volume of micelles is approximately half the volume of unimers (in the precursor solution) leads to the best ordering of micelle-templated pores and also the maximum porosity in the films. The micelle/unimer ratios in the precursor solutions do not correspond directly to the bimodal pore distribution in the metal oxide films, which we attribute to kinetically trapped assembly of the BBCP at a low THF content. The increased critical micelle concentration at high THF composition leads to changes in the unimer/micelle ratio during solvent evaporation. These results appear to be universal for a number of metal oxides (cobalt, magnesium, and zinc) with the porosity maximized at a THF/EtOH ratio of 3:1. These results suggest the potential for enhancements in the porosity of block copolymer-templated films by EISA methods through judicious solvent selection.
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8
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Kim N, Li X, Kim SH, Kim J. Colloidally stable organic–inorganic hybrid nanoparticles prepared using alkoxysilane-functionalized amphiphilic polymer precursors and mechanical properties of their cured coating film. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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He Y, Li X, Zhu T, Shan M, Zhu L, Si T, Wang H, Sun Y. Controlling the Internal Structures of Polymeric Microspheres via the Introduction of a Water-Soluble Organic Solvent. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10070789. [PMID: 30960713 PMCID: PMC6404059 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric microspheres with different internal structures have been widely used because of their characteristics in the structures. This paper reports a method of controlling the internal structures of polymeric microspheres via the introduction of a water-soluble organic solvent to the continuous phase in the foam phase preparation of porous polymeric microspheres. The introduction of a water-soluble organic solvent enables the control of polymeric microspheres' internal structures, from porous to hollow. Because a water-soluble organic solvent is introduced, the organic solvent may be diffused toward the interface because of the affinity between the organic solvent and the oil droplets, resulting an accumulation of organic solvent molecules at the interface to form an organic solvent layer. The presence of this layer may decrease the evaporation rate of the internal organic solvent in an oil droplet, which extends the time for the mingling of porogen droplets to form a few large pores or even an extremely large single pore inside. This method is also capable of altering the thickness of hollow microspheres' shells in a desired way, with improved efficiency, yield and the capacity for continuous use on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping He
- School of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming 650504, China.
| | - Xin Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming 650504, China.
| | - Tianci Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming 650504, China.
| | - Mengxing Shan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming 650504, China.
| | - Linhua Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming 650504, China.
| | - Tian Si
- School of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming 650504, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming 650504, China.
| | - Yanlin Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming 650504, China.
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10
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Yao BG, Peng YL, Yang YJ. Mechanical Measurement System and Precision Analysis for Tactile Property Evaluation of Porous Polymeric Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E373. [PMID: 30966408 PMCID: PMC6415084 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tactile properties are one of the most important attributes of porous polymeric materials such as textiles, comprising a subjective evaluation index for textile materials and functional clothing, primarily affecting the sensation of comfort during the wearing of a garment. A new test method was proposed, and a mechanical measurement system was developed to objectively characterize the tactile properties of porous polymeric materials by simulating the dynamic contact processes during human skin contact with the materials and in consideration of different aspects of tactile sensations. The measurement system can measure the bending, compression, friction, and thermal transfer properties in one apparatus, and is capable of associating the objective measurements with the subjective tactile sensations. The test and evaluation method, the components of the mechanical measurement system, the definition and grading method of the evaluation indices, and the neural network prediction model from objective test results to subjective sensations of tactile properties were presented. The experiments were conducted for the objective tests and correlation tests. Seven types of porous polymeric sheet materials from seven categories for the tactile properties were cut to a size of 200 mm × 200 mm and tested. Each index of tactile properties was significantly different (P < 0.05) between different sheet materials. The correlations of bending, compression, friction, and thermal transfer properties with Kawabata KES test methods were analyzed. An intra-laboratory test was conducted and an analysis of the variance was performed to determine the critical differences of within laboratory precisions of the measurement system. This mechanical measurement system provides a method and system for objective measurement and evaluation of tactile properties of porous polymeric sheet materials in industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Guo Yao
- College of Mechatronics Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Yun-Liang Peng
- College of Mechatronics Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Yun-Juan Yang
- College of Mechatronics Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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11
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A Green Route to Copper Loaded Silica Nanoparticles Using Hyperbranched Poly(Ethylene Imine) as a Biomimetic Template: Application in Heterogeneous Catalysis. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7120390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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12
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Williams TE, Ushizima D, Zhu C, Anders A, Milliron DJ, Helms BA. Nearest-neighbour nanocrystal bonding dictates framework stability or collapse in colloidal nanocrystal frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4853-4856. [PMID: 28421213 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc10183f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers serve as architecture-directing agents for the assembly of colloidal nanocrystals into a variety of mesoporous solids. Here we report the fundamental order-disorder transition in such assemblies, which yield, on one hand, ordered colloidal nanocrystals frameworks or, alternatively, disordered mesoporous nanocrystal films. Our determination of the order-disorder transition is based on extensive image analysis of films after thermal processing. The number of nearest-nanocrystal neighbours emerges as a critical parameter dictating assembly outcomes, which is in turn determined by the nanocrystal volume fraction (fNC). We also identify the minimum fNC needed to support the structure against collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa E Williams
- Graduate Group in Applied Science and Technology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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13
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Bhaway SM, Qiang Z, Xia Y, Xia X, Lee B, Yager KG, Zhang L, Kisslinger K, Chen YM, Liu K, Zhu Y, Vogt BD. Operando Grazing Incidence Small-Angle X-ray Scattering/X-ray Diffraction of Model Ordered Mesoporous Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes. ACS NANO 2017; 11:1443-1454. [PMID: 28145689 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Emergent lithium-ion (Li+) batteries commonly rely on nanostructuring of the active electrode materials to decrease the Li+ ion diffusion path length and to accommodate the strains associated with the insertion and de-insertion of Li+, but in many cases these nanostructures evolve during electrochemical charging-discharging. This change in the nanostructure can adversely impact performance, and challenges remain regarding how to control these changes from the perspective of morphological design. In order to address these questions, operando grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction (GISAXS/GIXD) were used to assess the structural evolution of a family of model ordered mesoporous NiCo2O4 anode films during battery operation. The pore dimensions were systematically varied and appear to impact the stability of the ordered nanostructure during the cycling. For the anodes with small mesopores (≈9 nm), the ordered nanostructure collapses during the first two charge-discharge cycles, as determined from GISAXS. This collapse is accompanied by irreversible Li-ion insertion within the oxide framework, determined from GIXD and irreversible capacity loss. Conversely, anodes with larger ordered mesopores (17-28 nm) mostly maintained their nanostructure through the first two cycles with reversible Li-ion insertion. During the second cycle, there was a small additional deformation of the mesostructure. This preservation of the ordered structure lead to significant improvement in capacity retention during these first two cycles; however, a gradual loss in the ordered nanostructure from continuing deformation of the ordered structure during additional charge-discharge cycles leads to capacity decay in battery performance. These multiscale operando measurements provide insight into how changes at the atomic scale (lithium insertion and de-insertion) are translated to the nanostructure during battery operation. Moreover, small changes in the nanostructure can build up to significant morphological transformations that adversely impact battery performance through multiple charge-discharge cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Kevin G Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Kim Kisslinger
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
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14
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Lokupitiya HN, Stefik M. Cavitation-enabled rapid and tunable evolution of high-χN micelles as templates for ordered mesoporous oxides. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:1393-1397. [PMID: 27796395 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07313a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The kinetic-entrapment of block copolymer micelles enables size-persistence, however tuning micelle sizes under such conditions remains challenging. Agitation-induced chain exchange via vortexing is limited by the production of solution-air interfaces. Here, we use ultrasonic cavitation for rapid interface production that accelerates micelle growth by an order of magnitude over vortexing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasala N Lokupitiya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Morgan Stefik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
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15
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Xia Y, Qiang Z, Lee B, Becker ML, Vogt BD. Solid state microwave synthesis of highly crystalline ordered mesoporous hausmannite Mn3O4films. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00900c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Microwave calcination of ordered micelle templated manganese carbonate films leads to highly crystalline, ordered mesoporous manganese oxide, while similar temperatures in a furnace lead to disordered, amorphous manganese oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Xia
- Department of Polymer Science
- University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
| | - Zhe Qiang
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division
- Advanced Photon Source
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Argonne
- USA
| | | | - Bryan D. Vogt
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
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16
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Bhaway SM, Chen YM, Guo Y, Tangvijitsakul P, Soucek MD, Cakmak M, Zhu Y, Vogt BD. Hierarchical Electrospun and Cooperatively Assembled Nanoporous Ni/NiO/MnOx/Carbon Nanofiber Composites for Lithium Ion Battery Anodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:19484-93. [PMID: 27399605 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A facile method to fabricate hierarchically structured fiber composites is described based on the electrospinning of a dope containing nickel and manganese nitrate salts, citric acid, phenolic resin, and an amphiphilic block copolymer. Carbonization of these fiber mats at 800 °C generates metallic Ni-encapsulated NiO/MnOx/carbon composite fibers with average BET surface area (150 m(2)/g) almost 3 times higher than those reported for nonporous metal oxide nanofibers. The average diameter (∼900 nm) of these fiber composites is nearly invariant of chemical composition and can be easily tuned by the dope concentration and electrospinning conditions. The metallic Ni nanoparticle encapsulation of NiO/MnOx/C fibers leads to enhanced electrical conductivity of the fibers, while the block copolymers template an internal nanoporous morphology and the carbon in these composite fibers helps to accommodate volumetric changes during charging. These attributes can lead to lithium ion battery anodes with decent rate performance and long-term cycle stability, but performance strongly depends on the composition of the composite fibers. The composite fibers produced from a dope where the metal nitrate is 66% Ni generates the anode that exhibits the highest reversible specific capacity at high rate for any composition, even when including the mass of the nonactive carbon and Ni(0) in the calculation of the capacity. On the basis of the active oxides alone, near-theoretical capacity and excellent cycling stability are achieved for this composition. These cooperatively assembled hierarchical composites provide a platform for fundamentally assessing compositional dependencies for electrochemical performance. Moreover, this electrospinning strategy is readily scalable for the fabrication of a wide variety of nanoporous transition metal oxide fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarang M Bhaway
- Department of Polymer Engineering and ‡Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Department of Polymer Engineering and ‡Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Yuanhao Guo
- Department of Polymer Engineering and ‡Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Pattarasai Tangvijitsakul
- Department of Polymer Engineering and ‡Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Mark D Soucek
- Department of Polymer Engineering and ‡Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Miko Cakmak
- Department of Polymer Engineering and ‡Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Polymer Engineering and ‡Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Bryan D Vogt
- Department of Polymer Engineering and ‡Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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