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Bellchambers P, Henderson C, Abrahamczyk S, Choi S, Lee JK, Hatton RA. High Performance Transparent Silver Grid Electrodes for Organic Photovoltaics Fabricated by Selective Metal Condensation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300166. [PMID: 36912419 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Silver grid electrodes on glass and flexible plastic substrates with performance that exceeds that of commercial indium-tin oxide (ITO) coated glass are reported and show their suitability as a drop-in replacement for ITO glass in solution-processed organic photovoltaics (OPVs). When supported on flexible plastic substrates these electrodes are stable toward repeated bending through a small radius of curvature over tens of thousands of cycles. The grid electrodes are fabricated by the unconventional approach of condensation coefficient modulation using a perfluorinated polymer shown to be far superior to the other compounds used for this purpose to date. The very narrow line width and small grid pitch that can be achieved also open the door to the possibility of using grid electrodes in OPVs without a conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) layer to span the gaps between grid lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlie Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Seungsoo Choi
- Program in Environment and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Jin-Kyun Lee
- Program in Environment and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Ross A Hatton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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2
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Wang G, Wang L, Cheng Z, Chen D, Zhang X, Wang T, Wang Q, Fu Y. High-performance plasmonic lab-on-fiber sensing system constructed by universal polymer assisted transfer technique. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:095502. [PMID: 34814122 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3c7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic lab-on-fiber (LOF) system has become an emerging sensing platform for the realization of miniaturized and portable plasmonic sensors. Herein, a facile and efficient polymer assisted transfer technique was reported for the preparation of plasmonic LOF systems. The proposed plasmonic LOF system was constructed through transferring plasmonic arrays to the end surface of optical fibers using polylactic acid as the sacrificial layer. The morphology of the transferred plasmonic arrays maintains excellent consistency with the original arrays. Importantly, the as-prepared plasmonic LOF system also possesses outstanding sensing performance in refractive index sensing and quantitative label-free biosensing applications. Additionally, the proposed polymer assisted transfer technique shows broad universality for various plasmonic arrays. Together with the above features, it is believed that the polymer assisted transfer technique will show great potential for the application of future plasmonic LOF systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Wang
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Cheng
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Tieqiang Wang
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
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3
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Arenas-Guerrero P, Delgado ÁV, Ahualli S, Jiménez ML. Polymer-induced orientation of nanowires under electric fields. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 591:58-66. [PMID: 33592526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The controlled orientation of metallic wires inside a polymeric medium can enhance desired properties of the composites, such as the electrical conductivity or the optical transmittance. In this work, we study silver nanowire orientation in semidilute suspensions of DNA and find an intriguing effect: under the application of low-frequency AC electric fields with moderate amplitude, the DNA coils can provoke the orientation of the wires in solution. The phenomenon is entirely induced by the polymer, when it is deformed by the application of an electric field. This effect is explained using computer simulations based on excluded-volume interactions. Moreover, we experimentally show that such a behaviour is not exclusive of silver nanowire-DNA suspensions, but rather occurs for other particle-polymer systems. This phenomenon can be taken advantage of to achieve strong orientation of particles otherwise insensitive to electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Arenas-Guerrero
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Avda. de Fuente Nueva sn, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Ángel V Delgado
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Avda. de Fuente Nueva sn, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Silvia Ahualli
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Avda. de Fuente Nueva sn, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - María L Jiménez
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Avda. de Fuente Nueva sn, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Li L, Zhong L, Wang K, Gan W, Qiu Y. High-Performance Flexible Transparent Conductive Films Enabled by a Commonly Used Antireflection Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:2979-2987. [PMID: 33350815 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, silver nanowire-based transparent conductive films (AgNW-based TCFs) with excellent comprehensive performance have aroused wide and great interest. However, it is always difficult to simultaneously improve the performances of TCFs in all aspects. In this work, by introducing silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) with a smaller particle size, several properties of AgNW-based TCFs were optimized successfully. The transmittance and conductivity were improved simultaneously, and smaller particle size was proven to be more suitable to achieve TCFs with excellent optoelectrical properties. Typically, an AgNW/SiO2-based TCF with a sheet resistance of 250 Ω/sq and transmittance of 93.6% (including the poly (ethylene terephthalate) substrate, abbreviated as PET) could be obtained by using SiO2-NPs with a size of ∼21 nm, and this transmittance is even higher than that of the bare PET (91.8%) substrate. We demonstrated that the layer formed through self-assembly of SiO2-NPs can cut down the light scattering on the AgNW surface through total reflection, thus leading to a low haze of AgNW/SiO2-based TCFs. Very interestingly, the SiO2-NPs conducted away most of the heat generated during laser ablation, protecting the AgNWs from excessive melt and PET from empyrosis, and thus ensuring the TCFs with high transmittance and patterning accuracy. Besides, AgNW/SiO2-based TCFs have smaller surface roughness, better flexibility, and adhesive force. To the best of our knowledge, the comprehensive performance of the AgNW/SiO2-based TCFs reaches the highest level among recently reported novel TCFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Lab of Flexible Transparent Conductive Films, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Shenzhen Engineering Lab of Flexible Transparent Conductive Films, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China
| | - Liangliang Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Lab of Flexible Transparent Conductive Films, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liubiao Zhong
- Shenzhen Engineering Lab of Flexible Transparent Conductive Films, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Dongguan CSG Solar Glass Comapany LTD, Machong Town, Dongguan City 523141, China
| | - Wei Gan
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yejun Qiu
- Shenzhen Engineering Lab of Flexible Transparent Conductive Films, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Park Y, Byun H, Lee JH. Highly Stretchable and Transparent Optical Adhesive Films Using Hierarchically Structured Rigid-Flexible Dual-Stiffness Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1493-1502. [PMID: 33382572 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The demand for new forms of flexible electronic devices has led to the evolution of individual components comprising optical adhesive films that provide excellent optical transparency and high bonding strength while offering remarkable elasticity with high strain and recovery properties. Herein, a new type of highly elastic and transparent adhesive film is proposed using tailored rigid-flexible dual-stiffness nanoparticles (DSNs) composed of a rigid inorganic core and an elastic reactive coil shell. The hierarchically structured nanoparticles were prepared from SiO2 nanoparticles via the sequential surface modification with photoreactive flexible chains. The fabricated elastic adhesive film containing DSNs with an average diameter of 20 nm showed a high optical transmittance of 92% and adhesion strength of 19.9 N/25 mm. Increasing the content of the tailored nanoparticles in the adhesive film improved the elastic properties of the film such as elastic modulus (7.0 kPa), stress relaxation ratio (18.4%), and strain recovery rate (73.6%) due to the efficient elastic motion of the embedded DSNs. In addition, as the surface grafting density of elastic coil groups in the nanoparticle increased, a stronger bonding network was formed between the nanoparticles and the acrylic polymer matrix, thereby further improving the stress relaxation ratio (18.0%) and strain recovery rate (77.1%) of the optical film. Thus, the utilization of novel dual-stiffness nanoparticles produces optical adhesive films with high elasticity and optical transparency that are capable of withstanding external forces such as folding and stretching, which is essential for flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoongook Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyun Byun
- Module Research Team, Samsung Display, Yongin 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyup Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
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Pan W, Wang J, Li YP, Sun XB, Wang JP, Wang XX, Zhang J, You HD, Yu GF, Long YZ. Facile Preparation of Highly Stretchable TPU/Ag Nanowire Strain Sensor with Spring-Like Configuration. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E339. [PMID: 32033360 PMCID: PMC7077418 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stretchable nano-fibers have attracted dramatic attention for the utility in wearable and flexible electronics. In the present case, Ag nanowires (AgNWs)-intertwined thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) unwoven nano-membrane is fabricated by an electrospinning method and dip coating technique. Then a strain sensor with a spring-like configuration is fabricated by a twisted method. The sensor exhibits superior electrical conductivity up to 3990 S cm-1 due to the high weight percentage of the Ag nanowires. Additionally, thanks to the free-standing spring-like configuration that consists of uniform neat loops, the strain sensor can detect a superior strain up to 900% at the point the sensor ruptures. On the other hand, the configuration can mostly protect the AgNWs from falling off. Furthermore, major human motion detection, like movement of a human forefinger, and minor human motion detection, such as a wrist pulse, show the possible application of the sensor in the field of flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (W.P.); (X.-B.S.); (J.-P.W.)
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Science and Information, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.W.); (Y.-P.L.); (H.-D.Y.)
| | - Yong-Ping Li
- College of Science and Information, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.W.); (Y.-P.L.); (H.-D.Y.)
| | - Xiao-Bo Sun
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (W.P.); (X.-B.S.); (J.-P.W.)
| | - Jin-Ping Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (W.P.); (X.-B.S.); (J.-P.W.)
| | - Xiao-Xiong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.-X.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jun Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.-X.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hai-Dong You
- College of Science and Information, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.W.); (Y.-P.L.); (H.-D.Y.)
| | - Gui-Feng Yu
- College of Science and Information, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.W.); (Y.-P.L.); (H.-D.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yun-Ze Long
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.-X.W.); (J.Z.)
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Shi Y, He L, Deng Q, Liu Q, Li L, Wang W, Xin Z, Liu R. Synthesis and Applications of Silver Nanowires for Transparent Conductive Films. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E330. [PMID: 31100913 PMCID: PMC6562472 DOI: 10.3390/mi10050330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) are widely applied in flexible electronic devices. Among these electrodes, silver (Ag) nanowires (NWs) have gained considerable interests due to their excellent electrical and optical performances. Ag NWs with a one-dimensional nanostructure have unique characteristics from those of bulk Ag. In past 10 years, researchers have proposed various synthesis methods of Ag NWs, such as ultraviolet irradiation, template method, polyol method, etc. These methods are discussed and summarized in this review, and we conclude that the advantages of the polyol method are the most obvious. This review also provides a more comprehensive description of the polyol method for the synthesis of Ag NWs, and the synthetic factors including AgNO3 concentration, addition of other metal salts and polyvinyl pyrrolidone are thoroughly elaborated. Furthermore, several problems in the fabrication of Ag NWs-based TCEs and related devices are reviewed. The prospects for applications of Ag NWs-based TCE in solar cells, electroluminescence, electrochromic devices, flexible energy storage equipment, thin-film heaters and stretchable devices are discussed and summarized in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- School of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
| | - Liang He
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qian Deng
- School of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
| | - Quanxiao Liu
- School of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
| | - Luhai Li
- School of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
| | - Zhiqing Xin
- School of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
| | - Ruping Liu
- School of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
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Xu W, Zhong L, Xu F, Song W, Wang J, Zhu J, Chou S. Ultraflexible Transparent Bio-Based Polymer Conductive Films Based on Ag Nanowires. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805094. [PMID: 31012239 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The unstable mechanical properties of flexible transparent conductive films (TCFs) make it difficult for them to meet the requirements for displays or wearable devices. Here, the relationship between the mechanism behind the bending behavior and the electrical properties, which is important for improving the mechanical stability of flexible TCFs, is explored. Flexible TCFs are reported based on silver nanowires (AgNWs) and bio-based poly(ethylene-co-1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)s (PECFs), with a low sheet resistance (23.8 Ω sq-1 at 84.6% transmittance) and superior mechanical properties. The electrical properties of the AgNW/PECFs composite film show almost no change after bending for 2000 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Lu Zhong
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Weijie Song
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Jinggang Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - ShuLei Chou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Lee SM, Oh S, Chang ST. Highly Transparent, Flexible Conductors and Heaters Based on Metal Nanomesh Structures Manufactured Using an All-Water-Based Solution Process. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:4541-4550. [PMID: 30609344 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal mesh is a promising material for flexible transparent conducting electrodes due to its outstanding physical and electrical properties. The excellent control of the sheet resistance and transmittance provided by the metal mesh electrodes is a great advantage for microelectronic applications. Thus, over the past decade, many studies have been performed in order to realize high-performance metal mesh; however, the lack of cost-effective fabrication processes and the weak adhesion between the metal mesh and substrate have hindered its widespread adoption for flexible optoelectronic applications. In this study, a new approach for fabricating robust silver mesh without using hazardous organic solvents is achieved by combining colloidal deposition and silver enhancement steps. The adhesion of the metal mesh was greatly improved by introducing an intermediate adhesion layer. Various patterns relevant to optoelectronic applications were fabricated with a minimum feature size of 700 nm, resulting in high optical transmittance of 97.7% and also high conductivity (71.6 Ω sq-1) of the metal mesh. In addition, we demonstrated an effective transparent heater using the silver mesh with excellent exothermic behavior, which heated up to 245 °C with 7 V applied voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756 , Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Tai Chang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756 , Republic of Korea
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Wang JL, Hassan M, Liu JW, Yu SH. Nanowire Assemblies for Flexible Electronic Devices: Recent Advances and Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1803430. [PMID: 30357968 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of nanowire (NW)-based flexible electronics including wearable energy storage devices, flexible displays, electrical sensors, and health monitors has received great attention both in fundamental research and market requirements in our daily lives. Other than a disordered state after synthesis, NWs with designed and hierarchical structures would not only optimize the intrinsic performance, but also create new physical and chemical properties, and integration of individual NWs into well-defined structures over large areas is one of the most promising strategies to optimize the performance of NW-based flexible electronics. Here, the recent developments and achievements made in the field of flexible electronics composed of integrated NW structures are presented. The different assembly strategies for the construction of 1D, 2D, and 3D NW assemblies, especially the NW coassembly process for 2D NW assemblies, are comprehensively discussed. The improvements of different NW assemblies on flexible electronics structure and performance are described in detail to elucidate the advantages of well-defined NW assemblies. Finally, a short summary and outlook for future challenges and perspectives in this field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Wang
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Hefei Science Center of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Muhammad Hassan
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Hefei Science Center of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Hefei Science Center of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Hefei Science Center of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Lu H, Ren X, Ouyang D, Choy WCH. Emerging Novel Metal Electrodes for Photovoltaic Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703140. [PMID: 29356408 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging novel metal electrodes not only serve as the collector of free charge carriers, but also function as light trapping designs in photovoltaics. As a potential alternative to commercial indium tin oxide, transparent electrodes composed of metal nanowire, metal mesh, and ultrathin metal film are intensively investigated and developed for achieving high optical transmittance and electrical conductivity. Moreover, light trapping designs via patterning of the back thick metal electrode into different nanostructures, which can deliver a considerable efficiency improvement of photovoltaic devices, contribute by the plasmon-enhanced light-mattering interactions. Therefore, here the recent works of metal-based transparent electrodes and patterned back electrodes in photovoltaics are reviewed, which may push the future development of this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Lu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xingang Ren
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Dan Ouyang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Wallace C H Choy
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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12
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Transparent Electrode Based on Silver Nanowires and Polyimide for Film Heater and Flexible Solar Cell. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10121362. [PMID: 29186012 PMCID: PMC5744297 DOI: 10.3390/ma10121362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transparent, conductive, and flexible Ag nanowire (NW)-polyimide (PI) composite films were fabricated by a facile solution method. Well-dispersed Ag NWs result in percolation networks on the PI supporting layer. A series of films with transmittance values of 53–80% and sheet resistances of 2.8–16.5 Ω/sq were investigated. To further verify the practicability of the Ag NWs-PI film in optoelectronic devices, we utilized it in a film heater and a flexible solar cell. The film heater was able to generate a temperature of 58 °C at a driving voltage of 3.5 V within 20 s, indicating its potential application in heating devices that require low power consumption and fast response. The flexible solar cell based on the composite film with a transmittance value of 71% presented a power conversion efficiency of 3.53%. These successful applications proved that the fabricated Ag NWs-PI composite film is a good candidate for application in flexible optoelectronic devices.
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