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Müller-Renno C, Ziegler C. The Contribution of Scanning Force Microscopy on Dental Research: A Narrative Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2100. [PMID: 38730904 PMCID: PMC11084532 DOI: 10.3390/ma17092100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Scanning force microscopy (SFM) is one of the most widely used techniques in biomaterials research. In addition to imaging the materials of interest, SFM enables the mapping of mechanical properties and biological responses with sub-nanometer resolution and piconewton sensitivity. This review aims to give an overview of using the scanning force microscope (SFM) for investigations on dental materials. In particular, SFM-derived methods such as force-distance curves (scanning force spectroscopy), lateral force spectroscopy, and applications of the FluidFM® will be presented. In addition to the properties of dental materials, this paper reports the development of the pellicle by the interaction of biopolymers such as proteins and polysaccharides, as well as the interaction of bacteria with dental materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Müller-Renno
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
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Mischo J, Faidt T, McMillan RB, Dudek J, Gunaratnam G, Bayenat P, Holtsch A, Spengler C, Müller F, Hähl H, Bischoff M, Hannig M, Jacobs K. Hydroxyapatite Pellets as Versatile Model Surfaces for Systematic Adhesion Studies on Enamel: A Force Spectroscopy Case Study. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1476-1485. [PMID: 35263544 PMCID: PMC9007113 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Research into materials for medical application draws inspiration from naturally occurring or synthesized surfaces, just like many other research directions. For medical application of materials, particular attention has to be paid to biocompatibility, osseointegration, and bacterial adhesion behavior. To understand their properties and behavior, experimental studies with natural materials such as teeth are strongly required. The results, however, may be highly case-dependent because natural surfaces have the disadvantage of being subject to wide variations, for instance in their chemical composition, structure, morphology, roughness, and porosity. A synthetic surface which mimics enamel in its performance with respect to bacterial adhesion and biocompatibility would, therefore, facilitate systematic studies much better. In this study, we discuss the possibility of using hydroxyapatite (HAp) pellets to simulate the surfaces of teeth and show the possibility and limitations of using a model surface. We performed single-cell force spectroscopy with single Staphylococcus aureus cells to measure adhesion-related parameters such as adhesion force and rupture length of cell wall proteins binding to HAp and enamel. We also examine the influence of blood plasma and saliva on the adhesion properties of S. aureus. The results of these measurements are matched to water wettability, elemental composition of the samples, and the change in the macromolecules adsorbed over time on the surface. We found that the adhesion properties of S. aureus were similar on HAp and enamel samples under all conditions: Significant decreases in adhesion strength were found equally in the presence of saliva or blood plasma on both surfaces. We therefore conclude that HAp pellets are a good alternative for natural dental material. This is especially true when slight variations in the physicochemical properties of the natural materials may affect the experimental series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Mischo
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Thomas Faidt
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ryan B. McMillan
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Johanna Dudek
- Clinic
of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Gubesh Gunaratnam
- Institute
of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Pardis Bayenat
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Anne Holtsch
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christian Spengler
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Frank Müller
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hendrik Hähl
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute
of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic
of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Karin Jacobs
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Max
Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Epple M, Enax J, Meyer F. Prevention of Caries and Dental Erosion by Fluorides-A Critical Discussion Based on Physico-Chemical Data and Principles. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:6. [PMID: 35049604 PMCID: PMC8774499 DOI: 10.3390/dj10010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental erosion is a common problem in dentistry. It is defined as the loss of tooth mineral by the attack of acids that do not result from caries. From a physico-chemical point of view, the nature of the corroding acids only plays a minor role. A protective effect of fluorides, to prevent caries and dental erosion, is frequently claimed in the literature. The proposed modes of action of fluorides include, for example, the formation of an acid-resistant fluoride-rich surface layer and a fluoride-induced surface hardening of the tooth surface. We performed a comprehensive literature study on the available data on the interaction between fluoride and tooth surfaces (e.g., by toothpastes or mouthwashes). These data are discussed in the light of general chemical considerations on fluoride incorporation and the acid solubility of teeth. The analytical techniques available to address this question are presented and discussed with respect to their capabilities. In summary, the amount of fluoride that is incorporated into teeth is very low (a few µg mm-2), and is unlikely to protect a tooth against an attack by acids, be it from acidic agents (erosion) or from acid-producing cariogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Enax
- Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Research Department, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.E.); (F.M.)
| | - Frederic Meyer
- Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Research Department, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.E.); (F.M.)
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