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Zuo R, Ye Z, Liang H, Huo Y, Ji S. High-efficiency triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion microemulsion with facile preparation and decent air tolerance. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024:10.1007/s43630-024-00596-5. [PMID: 38839722 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Current research of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) faces difficulty such as overuse of organic solvents and quenching of excited triplet sensitizers by molecular oxygen. Herein, we propose an efficient and facile preparation strategy of TTA-UC microemulsion to overcome these issues. With simple device and short preparation process, air-stable TTA-UC with a high upconversion efficiency of 16.52% was achieved in microemulsion coassembled from TritonX114, tetrahydrofuran and upconverting chromophores (platinum octaethyl-porphyrin and 9,10-diphenylanthracene). This is comparable to the highest UC efficiency ever reported for TTA-UC microemulsion systems. The excellent UC performance of TX114-THF could be attributed to two perspectives. Firstly, small-size micelle accommodated chromophores up to high concentrations in organic phase, which promoted efficient molecular collision. Additionally, high absorbance at 532 nm ensured full use of excitation light, getting more long wavelength photons involved in the TTA-UC process. Moreover, air-stable TTA-UC also performed well in microemulsion with various surfactants, including nonionic surfactants (Tween 20, Tween 80, Triton X-110, Triton X-114), ionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide) and block copolymers (pluronic F127, pluronic P123), through three conjectural assembly models according to the structural characteristics of surfactant molecules (concentrated, uncompacted and scattered). These discoveries could provide estimable reference for selection of surfactants in relevant fields of TTA-UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Zuo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang, 515200, China
| | - Zecong Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang, 515200, China.
| | - Hui Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang, 515200, China
| | - Shaomin Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang, 515200, China.
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2
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Collins AR, Zhang B, Bennison MJ, Evans RC. Ambient solid-state triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion in ureasil organic-inorganic hybrid hosts. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2024; 12:6310-6318. [PMID: 38707254 PMCID: PMC11064974 DOI: 10.1039/d4tc00562g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet-annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) has attracted significant attention as an approach to harvest low energy solar photons that cannot be captured by conventional photovoltaic devices. However, device integration requires the design of solid-state TTA-UC materials that combine high upconversion efficiency with long term stability. Herein, we report an efficient solid-state TTA-UC system based on organic-inorganic hybrid polymers known as ureasils as hosts for the archetypal sensitiser/emitter pair of palladium(ii) octaethylporphyrin and diphenylanthracene. The role of the ureasil structure on the TTA-UC performance was probed by varying the branching and molecular weight of the organic precursor to tune the structural, mechanical, and thermal properties. Solid-state green-to-blue UC quantum yields of up to 1.86% were observed under ambient conditions. Notably, depending on the ureasil structure, UC emission could be retained for >70 days without any special treatment, including deoxygenation. Detailed analysis of the structure-function trends revealed that while a low glass transition temperature is required to promote TTA-UC molecular collisions, a higher inorganic content is the primary factor that determines the UC efficiency and stability, due to the inherent oxygen barrier provided by the silica nanodomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R Collins
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
| | - Bolong Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
| | - Michael J Bennison
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
| | - Rachel C Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
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3
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Huang L, Han G. Triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion-mediated photochemical reactions. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:238-255. [PMID: 38514833 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Photon upconversion is a method for harnessing high-energy excited states from low-energy photons. Such photons, particularly in the red and near-infrared wavelength ranges, can penetrate tissue deeply and undergo less competitive absorption in coloured reaction media, enhancing the efficiency of large-scale reactions and in vivo phototherapy. Among various upconversion methodologies, the organic-based triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) stands out - demonstrating high upconversion efficiencies, requiring low excitation power densities and featuring tunable absorption and emission wavelengths. These factors contribute to improved photochemical reactions for fields such as photoredox catalysis, photoactivation, 3D printing and immunotherapy. In this Review, we explore concepts and design principles of organic TTA-UC-mediated photochemical reactions, highlighting notable advancements in the field, as well as identify challenges and propose potential solutions. This Review sheds light on the potential of organic TTA-UC to advance beyond the traditional photochemical reactions and paves the way for research in various fields and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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4
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Honda J, Sugawa K, Fukumura S, Katoh R, Tahara H, Otsuki J. Optimizing the Distance between Upconversion Thin Films and Silver Nanoprisms for the Design of a High-Performance Plasmonic Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion System. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16138-16150. [PMID: 37922159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
While the distance dependence of metal-enhanced fluorescence has been extensively studied for composite systems comprising fluorophores and metal nanoparticles, the corresponding distance dependence of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) systems remains unexplored. Herein, we investigated the influence of the spatial distance between Ag nanoprisms (AgPRs) and TTA-UC thin films consisting of a palladium octaethylporphyrin (PdOEP) sensitizer and a 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) emitter, aiming at enhancing the upconverted (UC) emission as efficiently as possible. Results indicated that the optimal distance for the examined system was significantly longer (12.6 nm) than those of typical metal-enhanced fluorescence systems (about 2 nm). We demonstrated that the UC emission enhancement factor can be expressed as a product including factors of the PdOEP photoexcitation rate, triplet-triplet energy transfer (TTET) efficiency from PdOEP to DPA, triplet excited DPA lifetime, and fluorescence efficiency of singlet excited DPA. We discovered that the AgPRs play a beneficial role in enhancing the PdOEP photoexcitation, whereas they exert detrimental effects on the other three factors. Among these three factors, quenching contributions by the decrease of the triplet excited DPA lifetime and DPA fluorescence efficiency were significant, making these the primary and secondary factors, respectively, for the UC emission quenching, particularly at short distances. These results demonstrate that the characteristic distance dependence of the UC emission enhancement is determined by the competing effects of beneficial PdOEP photoexcitation enhancement and the detrimental localized surface plasmon (and/or AgPR)-induced nonradiative decay of the triplet- and singlet excited DPA molecules. The findings offer valuable guidelines for the design of high-performance plasmonic TTA-UC systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jotaro Honda
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
| | - Kosuke Sugawa
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
| | - Seiya Fukumura
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
| | - Ryuzi Katoh
- Department of Chemical Biology and Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Nihon University, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8642, Japan
| | - Hironobu Tahara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Joe Otsuki
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
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5
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Bhuyan R, Mony J, Kotov O, Castellanos GW, Gómez Rivas J, Shegai TO, Börjesson K. The Rise and Current Status of Polaritonic Photochemistry and Photophysics. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10877-10919. [PMID: 37683254 PMCID: PMC10540218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between molecular electronic transitions and electromagnetic fields can be enlarged to the point where distinct hybrid light-matter states, polaritons, emerge. The photonic contribution to these states results in increased complexity as well as an opening to modify the photophysics and photochemistry beyond what normally can be seen in organic molecules. It is today evident that polaritons offer opportunities for molecular photochemistry and photophysics, which has caused an ever-rising interest in the field. Focusing on the experimental landmarks, this review takes its reader from the advent of the field of polaritonic chemistry, over the split into polariton chemistry and photochemistry, to present day status within polaritonic photochemistry and photophysics. To introduce the field, the review starts with a general description of light-matter interactions, how to enhance these, and what characterizes the coupling strength. Then the photochemistry and photophysics of strongly coupled systems using Fabry-Perot and plasmonic cavities are described. This is followed by a description of room-temperature Bose-Einstein condensation/polariton lasing in polaritonic systems. The review ends with a discussion on the benefits, limitations, and future developments of strong exciton-photon coupling using organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhuyan
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Mony
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Oleg Kotov
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gabriel W. Castellanos
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir
Institute and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jaime Gómez Rivas
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir
Institute and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timur O. Shegai
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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6
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Gu X, Chen S, Liang Z, Ju X, Li L, Wang X, Ye C. Multi-wavelength excited triplet-triplet upconversion microcrystals based on hot-band excitation for optical information encryption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22103-22110. [PMID: 37560903 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02199h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Multi-wavelength hot-band excitation, forbidden in the conventional Stokes fluorescence mechanism, is found to be available with cascading triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC). Selective excitation of Pt(II)octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP) by diode lasers with wavelengths of 532 nm, 589 nm, 635 nm, 655 nm, and 671 nm respectively can all induce 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) to emit blue upconversion, with the maximum anti-Stokes shift of 0.95 eV in the microcrystals exposed to air. Whether the zero-vibrational energy level excitation or the hot-vibrational energy level excitation in the ground state, the PtOEP/DPA pair showed triplet-triplet energy transfer (TTET) efficiencies approaching ∼95%. The doped microcrystal samples without encapsulation can emit blue upconversion from green/yellow/red excitation with stability for ∼20 days under atmospheric conditions, demonstrating their potential applications in multiple information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Gu
- Research Center for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Shuoran Chen
- Research Center for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Zuoqin Liang
- Research Center for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Xiaolei Ju
- Research Center for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Research Center for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Research Center for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Changqing Ye
- Research Center for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
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7
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Honda J, Sugawa K, Tahara H, Otsuki J. Plasmonic Metal Nanostructures Meet Triplet-Triplet Annihilation-Based Photon Upconversion Systems: Performance Improvements and Application Trends. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091559. [PMID: 37177104 PMCID: PMC10181111 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Improving the performance of upconversion systems based on triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA-UC) can have far-reaching implications for various fields, including solar devices, nano-bioimaging, and nanotherapy. This review focuses on the use of localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance of metal nanostructures to enhance the performance of TTA-UC systems and explores their potential applications. After introducing the basic driving mechanism of TTA-UC and typical sensitizers used in these systems, we discuss recent studies that have utilized new sensitizers with distinct characteristics. Furthermore, we confirm that the enhancement in upconverted emission can be explained, at least in part, by the mechanism of "metal-enhanced fluorescence", which is attributed to LSP resonance-induced fluorescence enhancement. Next, we describe selected experiments that demonstrate the enhancement in upconverted emission in plasmonic TTA-UC systems, as well as the emerging trends in their application. We present specific examples of studies in which the enhancement in upconverted emission has significantly improved the performance of photocatalysts under both sunlight and indoor lighting. Additionally, we discuss the potential for future developments in plasmonic TTA-UC systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jotaro Honda
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
| | - Kosuke Sugawa
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
| | - Hironobu Tahara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Joe Otsuki
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
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8
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Mori T, Mori T, Saito A, Masuda T, Saomoto H, Hagihara M, Matsuda S. High-Efficiency Near-Infrared-to-Visible Photon Upconversion in Poly(vinyl alcohol) Porous Film. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:523-529. [PMID: 37015037 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion (TTA-UC) has received significant attention in energy harvesting applications such as solar cells. The realization of high upconversion (UC) performance in the form of films is a crucial factor for the incorporation of this technology into large-area devices. Herein, we propose a porous UC film prepared by an emulsification method with a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) aqueous solution and a toluene solution of chromophores (rubrene/Pd-tetraphenyltetraanthraporphyrin pair) that achieved considerable UC performance in the near-infrared (NIR) (810 nm) to visible (560 nm) range with a maximum quantum yield of 3.7% (out of 50%). Notably, the films displayed a UC emission when using an NIR light-emitting diode as a low-power-density noncoherent light source, which was confirmed by the naked eye. Excitation-power-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence measurements showed almost identical triplet lifetimes of emitter species for the films and toluene solutions; however, lower threshold intensities (Ith = 1-2 W/cm2) were observed for the films than those of the solutions (Ith = ∼10 W/cm2). An evaluation of the remaining toluene in the film and UC emission behavior in liquid nitrogen suggested that the chromophores exist as an amorphous solid in the pores, thus enabling hybrid triplet energy transfer (chromophore mobility based and exciton migration) in this unique film. The presented methodology can be generalized to other wavelengths and can enable diverse applications of the TTA-UC technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Mori
- Industrial Technology Center of Wakayama, 60 Ogura, Wakayama 649-6261, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mori
- Industrial Technology Center of Wakayama, 60 Ogura, Wakayama 649-6261, Japan
| | - Akane Saito
- Industrial Technology Center of Wakayama, 60 Ogura, Wakayama 649-6261, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Masuda
- Industrial Technology Center of Wakayama, 60 Ogura, Wakayama 649-6261, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Saomoto
- Industrial Technology Center of Wakayama, 60 Ogura, Wakayama 649-6261, Japan
| | - Mami Hagihara
- Nitto Denko Corporation, 1-1-2, Shimohozumi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-8680, Japan
| | - Shoichi Matsuda
- Nitto Denko Corporation, 1-1-2, Shimohozumi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-8680, Japan
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9
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Schloemer T, Narayanan P, Zhou Q, Belliveau E, Seitz M, Congreve DN. Nanoengineering Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion: From Materials to Real-World Applications. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3259-3288. [PMID: 36800310 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Using light to control matter has captured the imagination of scientists for generations, as there is an abundance of photons at our disposal. Yet delivering photons beyond the surface to many photoresponsive systems has proven challenging, particularly at scale, due to light attenuation via absorption and scattering losses. Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC), a process which allows for low energy photons to be converted to high energy photons, is poised to overcome these challenges by allowing for precise spatial generation of high energy photons due to its nonlinear nature. With a wide range of sensitizer and annihilator motifs available for TTA-UC, many researchers seek to integrate these materials in solution or solid-state applications. In this Review, we discuss nanoengineering deployment strategies and highlight their uses in recent state-of-the-art examples of TTA-UC integrated in both solution and solid-state applications. Considering both implementation tactics and application-specific requirements, we identify critical needs to push TTA-UC-based applications from an academic curiosity to a scalable technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Schloemer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Pournima Narayanan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Emma Belliveau
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael Seitz
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Daniel N Congreve
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Goudarzi H, Koutsokeras L, Balawi AH, Sun C, Manolis GK, Gasparini N, Peisen Y, Antoniou G, Athanasopoulos S, Tselios CC, Falaras P, Varotsis C, Laquai F, Cabanillas-González J, Keivanidis PE. Microstructure-driven annihilation effects and dispersive excited state dynamics in solid-state films of a model sensitizer for photon energy up-conversion applications. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2009-2023. [PMID: 36845913 PMCID: PMC9945257 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06426j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bimolecular processes involving exciton spin-state interactions gain attention for their deployment as wavelength-shifting tools. Particularly triplet-triplet annihilation induced photon energy up-conversion (TTA-UC) holds promise to enhance the performance of solar cell and photodetection technologies. Despite the progress noted, a correlation between the solid-state microstructure of photoactuating TTA-UC organic composites and their photophysical properties is missing. This lack of knowledge impedes the effective integration of functional TTA-UC interlayers as ancillary components in operating devices. We here investigate a solution-processed model green-to-blue TTA-UC binary composite. Solid-state films of a 9,10 diphenyl anthracene (DPA) blue-emitting activator blended with a (2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-porphyrinato) PtII (PtOEP) green-absorbing sensitizer are prepared with a range of compositions and examined by a set of complementary characterization techniques. Grazing incidence X-ray diffractometry (GIXRD) measurements identify three PtOEP composition regions wherein the DPA:PtOEP composite microstructure varies due to changes in the packing motifs of the DPA and PtOEP phases. In Region 1 (≤2 wt%) DPA is semicrystalline and PtOEP is amorphous, in Region 2 (between 2 and 10 wt%) both DPA and PtOEP phases are amorphous, and in Region 3 (≥10 wt%) DPA remains amorphous and PtOEP is semicrystalline. GIXRD further reveals the metastable DPA-β polymorph species as the dominant DPA phase in Region 1. Composition dependent UV-vis and FT-IR measurements identify physical PtOEP dimers, irrespective of the structural order in the PtOEP phase. Time-gated photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy imaging confirm the presence of PtOEP aggregates, even after dispersing DPA:PtOEP in amorphous poly(styrene). When arrested in Regions 1 and 2, DPA:PtOEP exhibits delayed PtOEP fluorescence at 580 nm that follows a power-law decay on the ns time scale. The origin of PtOEP delayed fluorescence is unraveled by temperature- and fluence-dependent PL experiments. Triplet PtOEP excitations undergo dispersive diffusion and enable TTA reactions that activate the first singlet-excited (S1) PtOEP state. The effect is reproduced when PtOEP is mixed with a poly(fluorene-2-octyl) (PFO) derivative. Transient absorption measurements on PFO:PtOEP films find that selective PtOEP photoexcitation activates the S1 of PFO within ∼100 fs through an up-converted 3(d, d*) PtII-centered state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Goudarzi
- Centre for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia20133 MilanoItaly
| | - Loukas Koutsokeras
- Device Technology and Chemical Physics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology3041 LimassolCyprus
| | - Ahmed H. Balawi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE)23955-6900 ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chen Sun
- IMDEA Nanoscience, Ciudad Universitaria de CantoblancoCalle Faraday 9ES 28049 MadridSpain
| | - Giorgos K. Manolis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”15341 Agia ParaskeviAthensGreece
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE)23955-6900 ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia,Department of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College LondonW120BZUK
| | - Yuan Peisen
- Device Technology and Chemical Physics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology3041 LimassolCyprus
| | - Giannis Antoniou
- Device Technology and Chemical Physics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology3041 LimassolCyprus
| | | | - Charalampos C. Tselios
- Environmental Biocatalysis and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology3603 LimassolCyprus
| | - Polycarpos Falaras
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”15341 Agia ParaskeviAthensGreece
| | - Constantinos Varotsis
- Environmental Biocatalysis and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology3603 LimassolCyprus
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE)23955-6900 ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Panagiotis E. Keivanidis
- Device Technology and Chemical Physics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology3041 LimassolCyprus
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11
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Jin JM, Chen WC, Tan JH, Li Y, Mu Y, Zhu ZL, Cao C, Ji S, Hu D, Huo Y, Zhang HL, Lee CS. Photo-controllable Luminescence from Radicals Leading to Ratiometric Emission Switching via Dynamic Intermolecular Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214281. [PMID: 36314420 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The development of photoinduced luminescent radicals with dynamic emission color is still challenging. Herein we report a novel molecular radical system (TBIQ) that shows photo-controllable luminescence, leading to a wide range of ratiometric color changes via light excitation. The conjugated skeleton of TBIQ is decorated with steric-demanding tertiary butyl groups that enable appropriate intermolecular interaction to make dynamic intermolecular coupling possible for controllable behaviors. We reveal that the helicenic pseudo-planar conformation of TBIQ experiences a planarization process after light excitation, leading to more compactly stacked supermolecules and thus generating radicals via intermolecular charge transfer. The photo-controllable luminescent radical system is employed for a high-level information encryption application. This study may offer unique insight into molecular dynamic motion for optical manufacturing and broaden the scope of smart-responsive materials for advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Cheng Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Hua Tan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yingxiao Mu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Lin Zhu
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Chen Cao
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dehua Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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Recent Advances in the Photoreactions Triggered by Porphyrin-Based Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion Systems: Molecular Innovations and Nanoarchitectonics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148041. [PMID: 35887385 PMCID: PMC9323209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) is a very promising technology that could be used to convert low-energy photons to high-energy ones and has been proven to be of great value in various areas. Porphyrins have the characteristics of high molar absorbance, can form a complex with different metal ions and a high proportion of triplet states as well as tunable structures, and thus they are important sensitizers for TTA-UC. Porphyrin-based TTA-UC plays a pivotal role in the TTA-UC systems and has been widely used in many fields such as solar cells, sensing and circularly polarized luminescence. In recent years, applications of porphyrin-based TTA-UC systems for photoinduced reactions have emerged, but have been paid little attention. As a consequence, this review paid close attention to the recent advances in the photoreactions triggered by porphyrin-based TTA-UC systems. First of all, the photochemistry of porphyrin-based TTA-UC for chemical transformations, such as photoisomerization, photocatalytic synthesis, photopolymerization, photodegradation and photochemical/photoelectrochemical water splitting, was discussed in detail, which revealed the different mechanisms of TTA-UC and methods with which to carry out reasonable molecular innovations and nanoarchitectonics to solve the existing problems in practical application. Subsequently, photoreactions driven by porphyrin-based TTA-UC for biomedical applications were demonstrated. Finally, the future developments of porphyrin-based TTA-UC systems for photoreactions were briefly discussed.
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Yang H, Guo S, Jin B, Luo Y, Li X. Versatile, stable, and air-tolerant triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion block copolymer micelles. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00596d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A versatile, stable, and highly air-tolerant triplet–triplet annihilation up-conversion system based on block copolymer micelles was designed and fabricated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanzhi Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shaowei Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bixin Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunjun Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Materials, MOE, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Materials, MOE, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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