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Li J, Zheng Z, Ma Y, Dong Z, Li MH, Hu J. Mechanically Ultra-Robust Fluorescent Elastomer for Elaborating Auxetic Composite. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2402130. [PMID: 38678509 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent elastomers are predominantly fabricated through doping fluorescent components or conjugating chromophores into polymer networks, which often involves detrimental effects on mechanical performance and also makes large-scale production difficult. Inspired by the heteroatom-rich microphase separation structures assisted by intensive hydrogen bonds in natural organisms, an ultra-robust fluorescent polyurethane elastomer is reported, which features a remarkable fracture strength of 87.2 MPa with an elongation of 1797%, exceptional toughness of 678.4 MJ m-3 and intrinsic cyan fluorescence at 445 nm. Moreover, the reversible fluorescence variation with temperature could in situ reveal the microphase separation of the elastomer in real time. By taking advantage of mechanical properties, intrinsic fluorescence and hydrogen bonds-promoted interfacial bonding ability, this fluorescent elastomer can be utilized as an auxetic skeleton for the elaboration of an integrated auxetic composite. Compared with the auxetic skeleton alone, the integrated composite shows an improved mechanical performance while maintaining auxetic deformation in a large strain below 185%, and its auxetic process can be visually detected under ultraviolet light by the fluorescence of the auxetic skeleton. The concept of introducing hydrogen-bonded heteroatom-rich microphase separation structures into polymer networks in this work provides a promising approach to developing fluorescent elastomers with exceptional mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhiran Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yaning Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhaoxing Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Min-Hui Li
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Jun Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130022, China
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Mu X, Leng X, Liu C, Yao Q, Li Y. Terpolymerization of Ethylene with Hexene and Styrene Derivatives by Half-Sandwich Scandium Catalyst. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2290. [PMID: 39204510 PMCID: PMC11359482 DOI: 10.3390/polym16162290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The terpolymerization of ethylene with hexene and styrene derivatives was achieved with a rare earth metal catalyst (C5Me4SiMe3)Sc(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)2 to prepare functional polyethylene. The catalyst system exhibited high activity in the terpolymerization of ethylene with hexene and amine-substituted styrene, affording terpolymers a moderate molecular weight and a unimodal molecular weight distribution. In addition, the comonomer content of the terpolymers can be controlled by changing the feeding ratio of monomers. The aliphatic region of the 13C NMR spectra reveals that the structural units of the comonomers are separately incorporated into the polyethylene backbone. Terpolymers containing styrene derivatives exhibit enhanced tensile strength and significantly improve hydrophilic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Mu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (X.M.); (Q.Y.)
- SINOPEC Ningbo New Materials Research Institute Company Limited, Ningbo 315201, China;
| | - Xuefei Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chuanchuan Liu
- SINOPEC Ningbo New Materials Research Institute Company Limited, Ningbo 315201, China;
| | - Qiang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (X.M.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Niu W, Li Z, Liang F, Zhang H, Liu X. Ultrastable, Superrobust, and Recyclable Supramolecular Polymer Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318434. [PMID: 38234012 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymer networks (SPNs), crosslinked by noncovalent bonds, have emerged as reorganizable and recyclable polymeric materials with unique functionality. However, poor stability is an imperative challenge faced by SPNs, because SPNs are susceptible to heat, water, and/or solvents due to the dynamic and reversible nature of noncovalent bonds. Herein, the design of a noncovalent cooperative network (NCoN) to simultaneously stabilize and reinforce SPNs is reported, resulting in an ultrastable, superrobust, and recyclable SPN. The NCoN is constructed by multiplying the H-bonding sites and tuning the conformation/geometry of the H-bonding segment to optimize the multivalence cooperativity of H-bonds. The rationally designed H-bonding segment with high conformational compliance favors the formation of tightly packed H-bond arrays comprising higher-density and stronger H-bonds. Consequently, the H-bonded crosslinks in the NCoN display a covalent crosslinking effect but retain on-demand dynamics and reversibility. The resultant ultrastable SPN not only displays remarkable resistance to heat up to 120 °C, water soaking, and a broad spectrum of solvents, but also possesses a superhigh true stress at break (1.1 GPa) and an ultrahigh toughness (406 MJ m-3 ). Despite the covalent-network-like stability, the SPN is recyclable through activating its reversibility in a high-polarity solvent heated to a threshold temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zequan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Fengli Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Houyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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Wan J, Dan Y, Huang Y, Jiang L. Achieving high molecular weight alternating copolymers of 1-octene with methyl acrylate via Lewis acid catalyzed copolymerization. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6374-6384. [PMID: 38380238 PMCID: PMC10877320 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00165f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The radical (co)polymerization of long-chain α-olefins (C4+) to produce high molecular weight (Mw) polymers is of great importance. However, this process is currently faced with significant challenges due to the presence of less reactive allylic radicals during radical (co)polymerization, leading to oligomers or polymers with extremely low Mw (less than 1 × 104 g mol-1). Using copolymerization of 1-octene with methyl acrylate (MA) as a proof-of-concept for addressing this challenge, we present a feasible method for synthesizing high Mw α-olefin copolymers via scandium trifluoromethanesulfonate (Sc(OTf)3)-mediated radical copolymerization. In this case, copolymers of 1-octene and MA (poly(1-octene-alt-MA)) with a Mw exceeding 3 × 104 g mol-1 were successfully synthesized in the presence of Sc(OTf)3. Meanwhile, the presence of alternating 1-octene-MA sequential structures was observed. To further enhance the Mw of poly(1-octene-alt-MA), a difunctional comonomer, 1,7-octadiene, was introduced to copolymerize with 1-octene and MA. The results indicate that the incorporation of difunctional comonomer leads to a significant increase in the Mw of the copolymers synthesized. The addition of 1 mol% of 1,7-octadiene resulted in a copolymer with a remarkably high Mw of up to 13.45 × 104 g mol-1 while still maintaining a high degree of the alternating 1-octene-MA sequence (41%). The influence of polymerization parameters on the molecular weight were also investigated. Increasing the monomer concentration, reducing the dosage of initiator, and lowering the polymerization temperature have been found to be advantageous in enhancing the molecular weight. This approach has also been successfully applied to the synthesis of high molecular weight alternating copolymers of other long-chain α-olefins, including 1-hexene, 1-decene and 1-tetradecane, with methyl acrylate. In summary, this study provides a feasible method for converting "less activated" α-olefins into high Mw olefin copolymers. This approach holds significant potential for the production of value-added polyolefins, thus offering promising prospects for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China (Sichuan University), Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yi Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China (Sichuan University), Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China (Sichuan University), Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China (Sichuan University), Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
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Upgrade SBS into vitrimers with excellent mechanical and physical properties. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Zhu L, Xu L, Jie S, Li BG. Preparation of Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Vitrimers with High Strength and Toughness through Imine and Hydrogen Bonds. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Suyun Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Liu YB, Peng LM, Bao RY, Yang MB, Yang W. Vitrimeric Polylactide by Two-step Alcoholysis and Transesterification during Reactive Processing for Enhanced Melt Strength. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45966-45977. [PMID: 36166428 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Because of its rather low melt strength, polylactide (PLA) has yet to fulfill its promise as advanced biobased and biodegradable foams to replace fossil-based polymer foams. In this work, PLA vitrimers were prepared by two-step reactive processing from commercial PLA thermoplastics, glycerol, and diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) using Zn(II)-catalyzed addition and transesterification chemistry. The transesterification reaction of PLA and glycerol occurs with zinc acetate as the catalyst, and chain scission will take place due to the alcoholysis of the PLA chains by the free hydroxyl groups from the glycerol. Long-chain PLA with hydroxyl groups can be obtained and then cross-linked with MDI. Rheological analysis shows that the formed cross-linked network can significantly improve melt strength and promote strain hardening under extensional flow. PLA vitrimers still maintain the ability of thermoplastic processing via extrusion and compression. The enhanced melt strength and the rearrangement of network topology facilitate the foaming processing. An expansion ratio as large as 49.2-fold and microcellular foam with a uniform cell morphology can be obtained for PLA vitrimers with a gel fraction of 51.8% through a supercritical carbon dioxide foaming technique. This work provides a new way with the scale-up possibility to enhance the melt strength of PLA, and the broadened range of PLA applicability brought by PLA vitrimers is truly valuable in terms of the realization of a sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Li-Mei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui-Ying Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
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Odenwald L, Wimmer FP, Mast NK, Schußmann MG, Wilhelm M, Mecking S. Molecularly Defined Polyolefin Vitrimers from Catalytic Insertion Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13226-13233. [PMID: 35838588 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Vitrimers can combine the advantageous properties of cross-linked materials with thermoplastic processability. For the prominent case of polyethylene, established post-polymerization introduction of cross-linkable moieties results in extremely heterogeneous compositions of the chains. Here, we report the generation of functionalized polyethylenes directly by catalytic insertion polymerization, with incorporated cross-linkable aryl boronic esters or alternatively acetal-protected groups suited for cross-linking with difunctional boronic esters. In addition to the desired homogeneous in-chain distribution, the reactive cross-linkable groups are enriched at the chain ends. This enables the incorporation of all chains in the network, as also supported by simulations of all chains' compositions. The uniform molecular composition of the chains reflects in resulting vitrimers' material properties, particularly lack of leaching with solvents. At the same time, cross-linking is indeed fully reversible and the vitrimers can be recycled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Odenwald
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Florian P Wimmer
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nina K Mast
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Max G Schußmann
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Xu L, Zhu L, Jie S, Bu Z, Li BG. Controllable Preparation of the Reversibly Cross-Linked Rubber Based on Imine Bonds Starting from Telechelic Liquid Rubber. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liqian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Suyun Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhiyang Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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