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Chen Y, Zhang X, Lu C. Flexible piezoelectric materials and strain sensors for wearable electronics and artificial intelligence applications. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc05166a. [PMID: 39355228 PMCID: PMC11440360 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc05166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, the applications of flexible piezoelectric sensors in health monitoring and human-machine interaction have attracted increasing attention. Recent advances in flexible materials and fabrication technologies have promoted practical applications of wearable devices, enabling their assembly in various forms such as ultra-thin films, electronic skins and electronic tattoos. These piezoelectric sensors meet the requirements of high integration, miniaturization and low power consumption, while simultaneously maintaining their unique sensing performance advantages. This review provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge research studies on enhanced wearable piezoelectric sensors. Promising piezoelectric polymer materials are highlighted, including polyvinylidene fluoride and conductive hydrogels. Material engineering strategies for improving sensitivity, cycle life, biocompatibility, and processability are summarized and discussed focusing on filler doping, fabrication techniques optimization, and microstructure engineering. Additionally, this review presents representative application cases of smart piezoelectric sensors in health monitoring and human-machine interaction. Finally, critical challenges and promising principles concerning advanced manufacture, biological safety and function integration are discussed to shed light on future directions in the field of piezoelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Chao Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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Persano L, Camposeo A, Matino F, Wang R, Natarajan T, Li Q, Pan M, Su Y, Kar-Narayan S, Auricchio F, Scalet G, Bowen C, Wang X, Pisignano D. Advanced Materials for Energy Harvesting and Soft Robotics: Emerging Frontiers to Enhance Piezoelectric Performance and Functionality. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2405363. [PMID: 39291876 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Piezoelectric energy harvesting captures mechanical energy from a number of sources, such as vibrations, the movement of objects and bodies, impact events, and fluid flow to generate electric power. Such power can be employed to support wireless communication, electronic components, ocean monitoring, tissue engineering, and biomedical devices. A variety of self-powered piezoelectric sensors, transducers, and actuators have been produced for these applications, however approaches to enhance the piezoelectric properties of materials to increase device performance remain a challenging frontier of materials research. In this regard, the intrinsic polarization and properties of materials can be designed or deliberately engineered to enhance the piezo-generated power. This review provides insights into the mechanisms of piezoelectricity in advanced materials, including perovskites, active polymers, and natural biomaterials, with a focus on the chemical and physical strategies employed to enhance the piezo-response and facilitate their integration into complex electronic systems. Applications in energy harvesting and soft robotics are overviewed by highlighting the primary performance figures of merits, the actuation mechanisms, and relevant applications. Key breakthroughs and valuable strategies to further improve both materials and device performance are discussed, together with a critical assessment of the requirements of next-generation piezoelectric systems, and future scientific and technological solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Persano
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, I-56127, Italy
| | - Andrea Camposeo
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, I-56127, Italy
| | - Francesca Matino
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, I-56127, Italy
| | - Ruoxing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53707, USA
| | - Thiyagarajan Natarajan
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Qinlan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Min Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Yewang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sohini Kar-Narayan
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Ferdinando Auricchio
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 3, Pavia, I-27100, Italy
| | - Giulia Scalet
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 3, Pavia, I-27100, Italy
| | - Chris Bowen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53707, USA
| | - Dario Pisignano
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Fermi", Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, Pisa, I-56127, Italy
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Cui J, Du L, Meng Z, Gao J, Tan A, Jin X, Zhu X. Ingenious Structure Engineering to Enhance Piezoelectricity in Poly(vinylidene fluoride) for Biomedical Applications. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:5541-5591. [PMID: 39129463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The future development of wearable/implantable sensing and medical devices relies on substrates with excellent flexibility, stability, biocompatibility, and self-powered capabilities. Enhancing the energy efficiency and convenience is crucial, and converting external mechanical energy into electrical energy is a promising strategy for long-term advancement. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), known for its piezoelectricity, is an outstanding representative of an electroactive polymer. Ingeniously designed PVDF-based polymers have been fabricated as piezoelectric devices for various applications. Notably, the piezoelectric performance of PVDF-based platforms is determined by their structural characteristics at different scales. This Review highlights how researchers can strategically engineer structures on microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic scales. We discuss advanced research on PVDF-based piezoelectric platforms with diverse structural designs in biomedical sensing, disease diagnosis, and treatment. Ultimately, we try to give perspectives for future development trends of PVDF-based piezoelectric platforms in biomedicine, providing valuable insights for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Joint Research and Development Center of Fluorine Materials of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Huayi 3F, 1391 Humin Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Du
- Shanghai Huayi 3F New Materials Co., Ltd., No. 560 Xujiahui Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
- Joint Research and Development Center of Fluorine Materials of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Huayi 3F, 1391 Humin Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiheng Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayin Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Anning Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Joint Research and Development Center of Fluorine Materials of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Huayi 3F, 1391 Humin Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Joint Research and Development Center of Fluorine Materials of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Huayi 3F, 1391 Humin Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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