1
|
Zhang H, Zoubi AZ, Silberstein MN, Diesendruck CE. Mechanochemistry in Block Copolymers: New Scission Site due to Dynamic Phase Separation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314781. [PMID: 37962518 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry can lead to the degradation of the properties of covalent macromolecules. In recent years, numerous functional materials have been developed based on block copolymers (BCPs), however, like homopolymers, their chains could undergo mechanochemical damage during processing, which could have crucial impact on their performance. To investigate the mechanochemical response of BCPs, multiple polymers comprising different ratios of butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate were prepared with similar degree of polymerization and stressed in solution via ultrasonication. Interestingly, all BCPs, regardless of the amount of the methacrylate monomer, presented a mechanochemistry rate constant similar to that of the methacrylate homopolymer, while a random copolymer reacted like the acrylate homopolymer. Size-exclusion chromatography showed that, in addition to the typical main peak shift towards higher retention times, a different daughter fragment was produced indicating a secondary selective scission site, situated around the covalent connection between the two blocks. Molecular dynamics modeling using acrylate and methacrylate oligomers were carried out and indicated that dynamic phase separation occurs even in a good solvent. Such non-random conformations can explain the faster polymer mechanochemistry. Moreover, the dynamic model for end-to-end chain overstretching supports bond scission which is not necessarily chain-centered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Resnick Sustainability Center for Catalysis, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200008, Israel
| | - Alan Z Zoubi
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Meredith N Silberstein
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Charles E Diesendruck
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Resnick Sustainability Center for Catalysis, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200008, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cho J, Oh J, Bang J, Koh JH, Jeong HY, Chung S, Son JG. Roll-to-plate 0.1-second shear-rolling process at elevated temperature for highly aligned nanopatterns. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8412. [PMID: 38110407 PMCID: PMC10728125 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The shear-rolling process is a promising directed self-assembly method that can produce high-quality sub-10 nm block copolymer line-space patterns cost-effectively and straightforwardly over a large area. This study presents a high temperature (280 °C) and rapid (~0.1 s) shear-rolling process that can achieve a high degree of orientation in a single process while effectively preventing film delamination, that can be applied to large-area continuous processes. By minimizing adhesion, normal forces, and ultimate shear strain of the polydimethylsiloxane pad, shearing was successfully performed without peeling up to 280 °C at which the chain mobility significantly increases. This method can be utilized for various high-χ block copolymers and surface neutralization processes. It enables the creation of block copolymer patterns with a half-pitch as small as 8 nm in a unidirectional way. Moreover, the 0.1-second rapid shear-rolling was successfully performed on long, 3-inch width polyimide flexible films to validate its potential for the roll-to-roll process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Cho
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Oh
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai Hyun Koh
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Yeub Jeong
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjun Chung
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gon Son
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Robertson M, Zhou Q, Ye C, Qiang Z. Developing Anisotropy in Self-Assembled Block Copolymers: Methods, Properties, and Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100300. [PMID: 34272778 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) self-assembly has continually attracted interest as a means to provide bottom-up control over nanostructures. While various methods have been demonstrated for efficiently ordering BCP nanodomains, most of them do not generically afford control of nanostructural orientation. For many applications of BCPs, such as energy storage, microelectronics, and separation membranes, alignment of nanodomains is a key requirement for enabling their practical use or enhancing materials performance. This review focuses on summarizing research progress on the development of anisotropy in BCP systems, covering a variety of topics from established aligning techniques, resultant material properties, and the associated applications. Specifically, the significance of aligning nanostructures and the anisotropic properties of BCPs is discussed and highlighted by demonstrating a few promising applications. Finally, the challenges and outlook are presented to further implement aligned BCPs into practical nanotechnological applications, where exciting opportunities exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Robertson
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Qingya Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Changhuai Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim DH, Suh A, Park G, Yoon DK, Kim SY. Nanoscratch-Directed Self-Assembly of Block Copolymer Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5772-5781. [PMID: 33472362 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymer (BCP) thin films is of particular interest in nanoscience and nanotechnology due to its superior ability to form various well-aligned nanopatterns. Herein, nanoscratch-DSA is introduced as a simple and scalable DSA strategy allowing highly aligned BCP nanopatterns over a large area. A gentle scratching on the target substrate with a commercial diamond lapping film can form uniaxially aligned nanoscratches. As applied in BCP thin films, the nanoscratch effectively guides the self-assembly of overlying BCPs and provides highly aligned nanopatterns along the direction of the nanoscratch. The nanoscratch-DSA is not material-specific, allowing more versatile nanofabrication for various functional nanomaterials. In addition, we demonstrate that the nanoscratch-DSA can be utilized as a direction-controllable and area-selective nanofabrication method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyup Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahram Suh
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonhyeong Park
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and KINC, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Yee TD, Watson CL, Roehling JD, Han TYJ, Hiszpanski AM. Fabrication and 3D tomographic characterization of nanowire arrays and meshes with tunable dimensions from shear-aligned block copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:4898-4904. [PMID: 31166358 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00303g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a scalable method to create metallic nanowire arrays and meshes over square-centimeter-areas with tunable sub-100 nm dimensions and geometries using the shear alignment of block copolymers. We use the block copolymer poly(styrene)-b-poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (PS-P2VP) since the P2VP block complexes with metal salts like Na2PtCl4, thereby enabling us to directly pattern nanoscale platinum features. We investigate what shear alignment processing parameters are necessary to attain high quality and well-ordered nanowire arrays and quantify how the block copolymer's molecular weight affects the resulting Pt nanowires' dimensions and defect densities. Through systematic studies of processing parameters and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) tomography, we determine that the equivalent of 2-3 monolayers of PS-P2VP are required to produce a single layer of well-aligned nanowires. The resulting nanowires' widths and heights can be tuned between 11-27 nm and 9-50 nm, respectively, and have periodicites varying between 37 and 63 nm, depending on the choice of block copolymer molecular weight. We observe that the height-to-width ratio of the nanowires also increases with molecular weight, reaching a value of almost 2 with the largest dimensions fabricated. Furthermore, we demonstrate that an additional layer of Pt nanowires can be orthogonally aligned on top of and without disturbing an underlying layer, thereby enabling the fabrication of Pt nanowire meshes with tunable sub-100 nm dimensions and geometries over a cm2-area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Yee
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vu GT, Abate AA, Gómez LR, Pezzutti AD, Register RA, Vega DA, Schmid F. Curvature as a Guiding Field for Patterns in Thin Block Copolymer Films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:087801. [PMID: 30192564 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.087801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Experimental data on thin films of cylinder-forming block copolymers (BC)-free-standing BC membranes as well as supported BC films-strongly suggest that the local orientation of the BC patterns is coupled to the geometry in which the patterns are embedded. We analyze this phenomenon using general symmetry considerations and numerical self-consistent field studies of curved BC films in cylindrical geometry. The stability of the films against curvature-induced dewetting is also analyzed. In good agreement with experiments, we find that the BC cylinders tend to align along the direction of curvature at high curvatures. At low curvatures, we identify a transition from perpendicular to parallel alignment in supported films, which is absent in free-standing membranes. Hence both experiments and theory show that curvature can be used to manipulate and align BC patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giang Thi Vu
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anabella A Abate
- Department of Physics, Universidad Nacional del Sur-IFISUR CONICET, 800, Bahia Blanca, Argentina
| | - Leopoldo R Gómez
- Department of Physics, Universidad Nacional del Sur-IFISUR CONICET, 800, Bahia Blanca, Argentina
| | - Aldo D Pezzutti
- Department of Physics, Universidad Nacional del Sur-IFISUR CONICET, 800, Bahia Blanca, Argentina
| | - Richard A Register
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Daniel A Vega
- Department of Physics, Universidad Nacional del Sur-IFISUR CONICET, 800, Bahia Blanca, Argentina
| | - Friederike Schmid
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Y, Xu Q, Jin Y, Qian X, Ma R, Liu J, Yang D. Shear-induced parallel and transverse alignments of cylinders in thin films of diblock copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:6635-6647. [PMID: 29999081 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00833g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coarse-grained Langevin dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the alignment behavior of monolayer films of cylinder-forming diblock copolymers under steady shear, a structure of significant importance for many technical applications such as nanopatterning. The influences of shear conditions, the interactions involved in the films, and the initial morphology of the cylinder-forming phase were examined. Our results showed that above a critical shear rate, the cylinders can align either along the shearing direction or transverse (log-rolling) to the shearing direction depending on the relative strength between the interchain attraction in the cylinders (εAA) and the surface attraction of the confining walls with the film (εBW). To understand the underlying mechanism, the microscopic properties of the films under shear were systematically investigated. It was found that at low εAA/εBW, the majority blocks of the diblock polymer that are adsorbed on the confining walls prefer to move synchronously with the walls, inducing the cylinder-forming blocks to align along the flow direction. When εAA/εBW is above a threshold value, a strong attraction between the cylinder-forming blocks restrains their movement during shear, leading to the log-rolling motions of the cylinders. To predict the threshold εAA/εBW, we developed an approach based on equilibrium thermodynamics data and found good agreement with our shear simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Grundy LS, Lee VE, Li N, Sosa C, Mulhearn WD, Liu R, Register RA, Nikoubashman A, Prud'homme RK, Panagiotopoulos AZ, Priestley RD. Rapid Production of Internally Structured Colloids by Flash Nanoprecipitation of Block Copolymer Blends. ACS NANO 2018; 12:4660-4668. [PMID: 29723470 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Colloids with internally structured geometries have shown great promise in applications ranging from biosensors to optics to drug delivery, where the internal particle structure is paramount to performance. The growing demand for such nanomaterials necessitates the development of a scalable processing platform for their production. Flash nanoprecipitation (FNP), a rapid and inherently scalable colloid precipitation technology, is used to prepare internally structured colloids from blends of block copolymers and homopolymers. As revealed by a combination of experiments and simulations, colloids prepared from different molecular weight diblock copolymers adopt either an ordered lamellar morphology consisting of concentric shells or a disordered lamellar morphology when chain dynamics are sufficiently slow to prevent defect annealing during solvent exchange. Blends of homopolymer and block copolymer in the feed stream generate more complex internally structured colloids, such as those with hierarchically structured Janus and patchy morphologies, due to additional phase separation and kinetic trapping effects. The ability of the FNP process to generate such a wide range of morphologies using a simple and scalable setup provides a pathway to manufacturing internally structured colloids on an industrial scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena S Grundy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Victoria E Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Nannan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Chris Sosa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - William D Mulhearn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Rui Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute for Advanced Study , Tongji University , Shanghai 201804 , China
| | - Richard A Register
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Arash Nikoubashman
- Institute of Physics , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Staudingerweg 7 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Robert K Prud'homme
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Athanassios Z Panagiotopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Rodney D Priestley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim YC, Kim SY. Fabrication of gold nanowires in micropatterns using block copolymers. RSC Adv 2018; 8:19532-19538. [PMID: 35540968 PMCID: PMC9080654 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02273a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we introduce a facile method for fabricating well-aligned gold nanowires in a desired microstructure by combining the shear alignment of block copolymer (BCP) cylinders with a conventional lithography process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chan Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan
- Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan
- Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Choo Y, Majewski PW, Fukuto M, Osuji CO, Yager KG. Pathway-engineering for highly-aligned block copolymer arrays. NANOSCALE 2017; 10:416-427. [PMID: 29226297 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06069f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
While the ultimate driving force in self-assembly is energy minimization and the corresponding evolution towards equilibrium, kinetic effects can also play a very strong role. These kinetic effects, such as trapping in metastable states, slow coarsening kinetics, and pathway-dependent assembly, are often viewed as complications to be overcome. Here, we instead exploit these effects to engineer a desired final nano-structure in a block copolymer thin film, by selecting a particular ordering pathway through the self-assembly energy landscape. In particular, we combine photothermal shearing with high-temperature annealing to yield hexagonal arrays of block copolymer cylinders that are aligned in a single prescribed direction over macroscopic sample dimensions. Photothermal shearing is first used to generate a highly-aligned horizontal cylinder state, with subsequent thermal processing used to reorient the morphology to the vertical cylinder state in a templated manner. Finally, we demonstrate the successful transfer of engineered morphologies into inorganic replicas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngwoo Choo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shelton CK, Jones RL, Epps TH. Kinetics of Domain Alignment in Block Polymer Thin Films during Solvent Vapor Annealing with Soft Shear: An in Situ Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Investigation. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald L. Jones
- Materials
Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Russell TP, Chai Y. 50th Anniversary Perspective: Putting the Squeeze on Polymers: A Perspective on Polymer Thin Films and Interfaces. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Russell
- Polymer
Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Beijing
Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Chai
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alharbe LG, Register RA, Hobbs JK. Orientation Control and Crystallization in a Soft Confined Phase Separated Block Copolymer. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa G. Alharbe
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Register
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Princeton Institute for
the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jamie K. Hobbs
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Majewski PW, Yager KG. Rapid ordering of block copolymer thin films. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:403002. [PMID: 27537062 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/40/403002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Block-copolymers self-assemble into diverse morphologies, where nanoscale order can be finely tuned via block architecture and processing conditions. However, the ultimate usage of these materials in real-world applications may be hampered by the extremely long thermal annealing times-hours or days-required to achieve good order. Here, we provide an overview of the fundamentals of block-copolymer self-assembly kinetics, and review the techniques that have been demonstrated to influence, and enhance, these ordering kinetics. We discuss the inherent tradeoffs between oven annealing, solvent annealing, microwave annealing, zone annealing, and other directed self-assembly methods; including an assessment of spatial and temporal characteristics. We also review both real-space and reciprocal-space analysis techniques for quantifying order in these systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel W Majewski
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA. Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abate AA, Vu GT, Pezzutti AD, García NA, Davis RL, Schmid F, Register RA, Vega DA. Shear-Aligned Block Copolymer Monolayers as Seeds To Control the Orientational Order in Cylinder-Forming Block Copolymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anabella A. Abate
- Instituto
de Física del Sur (IFISUR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones
Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Giang Thi Vu
- Institut
für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Staudinger Weg
7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Aldo D. Pezzutti
- Instituto
de Física del Sur (IFISUR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones
Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Nicolás A. García
- Instituto
de Física del Sur (IFISUR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones
Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Raleigh L. Davis
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Friederike Schmid
- Institut
für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Staudinger Weg
7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Richard A. Register
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Daniel A. Vega
- Instituto
de Física del Sur (IFISUR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones
Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Burroughs MJ, Napolitano S, Cangialosi D, Priestley RD. Direct Measurement of Glass Transition Temperature in Exposed and Buried Adsorbed Polymer Nanolayers. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory
of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Bâtiment NO, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Centro
de Física
de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo
Manuel de Lardizábal 5, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|