1
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Micheletti C, Chubak I, Orlandini E, Smrek J. Topology-Based Detection and Tracking of Deadlocks Reveal Aging of Active Ring Melts. ACS Macro Lett 2024:124-129. [PMID: 38198592 PMCID: PMC10883035 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Connecting the viscoelastic behavior of stressed ring melts to the various forms of entanglement that can emerge in such systems is still an open challenge. Here, we consider active ring melts, where stress is generated internally, and introduce a topology-based method to detect and track consequential forms of ring entanglements, namely, deadlocks. We demonstrate that, as stress accumulates, more and more rings are co-opted in a growing web of deadlocks that entrap many other rings by threading, bringing the system to a standstill. The method ought to help the study of topological aging in more general polymer contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Micheletti
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Iurii Chubak
- Sorbonne Université CNRS, Physico-Chimie des électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Enzo Orlandini
- Università degli studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Galilei", Via Marzolo 8, I-35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Jan Smrek
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Haydukivska K, Blavatska V, Paturej J. Molecular conformations of dumbbell-shaped polymers in good solvent. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:034502. [PMID: 37849089 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.034502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
We study conformational properties of diluted dumbbell polymers composed of two rings attached to both ends of a linear spacer segment. Our investigation involves analytical methods of field theory and bead-spring coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. We focus on the influence of the relative length of the spacer segment to the length of side rings on the shape and the relative size of dumbbells as compared to linear polymers of equal mass. We find that dumbbells with short spacers exhibit a significantly more compact structure than linear polymers. Conversely, as the spacer length increases, the influence of the side rings on the size of the dumbbells becomes negligible. Consequently, dumbbell molecules with long spacers attain a size comparable to corresponding linear chains. Our analytical theory accurately predicts a quantitative conformational crossover between the behaviors of short-spacer and long-spacer dumbbells, which is further confirmed by our numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khristine Haydukivska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 79011 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - V Blavatska
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 79011 Lviv, Ukraine
- Dioscuri Centre for Physics and Chemistry of Bacteria, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Paturej
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
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3
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Doi Y, Kitamura J, Uneyama T, Masubuchi Y, Takano A, Takahashi Y, Matsushita Y. Viscoelastic properties of comb-shaped ring polystyrenes. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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4
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Topological digestion drives time-varying rheology of entangled DNA fluids. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4389. [PMID: 35902575 PMCID: PMC9334285 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31828-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and controlling the rheology of polymeric complex fluids that are pushed out-of-equilibrium is a fundamental problem in both industry and biology. For example, to package, repair, and replicate DNA, cells use enzymes to constantly manipulate DNA topology, length, and structure. Inspired by this feat, here we engineer and study DNA-based complex fluids that undergo enzymatically-driven topological and architectural alterations via restriction endonuclease (RE) reactions. We show that these systems display time-dependent rheological properties that depend on the concentrations and properties of the comprising DNA and REs. Through time-resolved microrheology experiments and Brownian Dynamics simulations, we show that conversion of supercoiled to linear DNA topology leads to a monotonic increase in viscosity. On the other hand, the viscosity of entangled linear DNA undergoing fragmentation displays a universal decrease that we rationalise using living polymer theory. Finally, to showcase the tunability of these behaviours, we design a DNA fluid that exhibits a time-dependent increase, followed by a temporally-gated decrease, of its viscosity. Our results present a class of polymeric fluids that leverage naturally occurring enzymes to drive diverse time-varying rheology by performing architectural alterations to the constituents. Understanding and controlling the rheology of polymeric complex fluids is of fundamental importance in both industry and biology. Here, Michieletto et al. show how to achieve time-dependent rheology of DNA solutions via enzymatically-driven architectural alterations by restriction endonucleases.
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5
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Haydukivska K, Blavatska V, Kłos JS, Paturej J. Conformational properties of hybrid star-shaped polymers comprised of linear and ring arms. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:034502. [PMID: 35428138 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.034502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We study the influence of arm architecture on the conformational properties of hybrid star-shaped macromolecules called rosette polymers containing linear and ring grafts connected to a central branching point in a good solvent regime. We utilize analytical methods and molecular dynamics simulations to determine the estimates for the relative size ratios of these polymers with respect to linear chains and starlike polymers composed of the same number of solely linear arms and equal molecular weights. The results of numerical simulations corroborate our theoretical prediction that rosette polymers undergo conformational compactification with increasing functionality of grafted rings. Our results quantitatively describe the impact of the complex architecture of the molecules with excluded volume on their effective size measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khristine Haydukivska
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 79011 Lviv, Ukraine
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Viktoria Blavatska
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 79011 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Jarosław S Kłos
- Faculty of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jarosław Paturej
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
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6
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A versatile ring-closure method for efficient synthesis of cyclic polymer and tadpole-shaped copolymer. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Chubak I, Likos CN, Smrek J. Topological and threading effects in polydisperse ring polymer solutions. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1883140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iurii Chubak
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jan Smrek
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Smrek J, Garamella J, Robertson-Anderson R, Michieletto D. Topological tuning of DNA mobility in entangled solutions of supercoiled plasmids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf9260. [PMID: 33980492 PMCID: PMC8115916 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf9260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ring polymers in dense solutions are among the most intriguing problems in polymer physics. Because of its natural occurrence in circular form, DNA has been extensively used as a proxy to study the fundamental physics of ring polymers in different topological states. Yet, torsionally constrained-such as supercoiled-topologies have been largely neglected so far. The applicability of existing theoretical models to dense supercoiled DNA is thus unknown. Here, we address this gap by coupling large-scale molecular dynamics simulations with differential dynamic microscopy of entangled supercoiled DNA plasmids. We find that, unexpectedly, larger supercoiling increases the size of entangled plasmids and concomitantly induces an enhancement in DNA mobility. These findings are reconciled as due to supercoiling-driven asymmetric and double-folded plasmid conformations that reduce interplasmid entanglements and threadings. Our results suggest a way to topologically tune DNA mobility via supercoiling, thus enabling topological control over the (micro)rheology of DNA-based complex fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Smrek
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonathan Garamella
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA
| | | | - Davide Michieletto
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK.
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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9
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Doi Y, Takano A, Takahashi Y, Matsushita Y. Viscoelastic Properties of Dumbbell-Shaped Polystyrenes in Bulk and Solution. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoshiaki Takahashi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Yushu Matsushita
- Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
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10
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Michieletto D, Sakaue T. Dynamical Entanglement and Cooperative Dynamics in Entangled Solutions of Ring and Linear Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:129-134. [PMID: 35548984 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how entanglements affect the behavior of polymeric complex fluids is an open challenge in many fields. To elucidate the nature and consequence of entanglements in dense polymer solutions, we propose a novel method: a "dynamical entanglement analysis" (DEA) to extract spatiotemporal entanglement structures from the pairwise displacement correlation of entangled chains. By applying this method to large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of linear and unknotted, nonconcatenated ring polymers, we find a strong and unexpected cooperative dynamics: the footprint of mutual entrainment between entangled chains. We show that DEA is a powerful and sensitive probe that reveals previously unnoticed and architecture-dependent spatiotemporal structures of dynamical entanglement in polymeric solutions. We also propose a mean-field approximation of our analysis that provides previously under-appreciated physical insights into the dynamics of generic entangled polymers. We envisage DEA will be useful to analyze the dynamical evolution of entanglements in generic polymeric systems such as blends and composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Michieletto
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, North Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Takahiro Sakaue
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Tokyo 150-8366, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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11
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Kusuyama N, Daito Y, Kubota H, Kametani Y, Ouchi M. Construction of ring-based architectures via ring-expansion cationic polymerization and post-polymerization modification: design of cyclic initiators from divinyl ether and dicarboxylic acid. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00209k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Topologically unique polymers such as tadpole and figure-eight polymers were synthesized via ring-expansion cationic polymerization (RECP) of vinyl ether with a functionalized cyclic initiator, followed by post-polymerization modification (PPM) reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kusuyama
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yuji Daito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kubota
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yuki Kametani
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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12
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Borger A, Wang W, O'Connor TC, Ge T, Grest GS, Jensen GV, Ahn J, Chang T, Hassager O, Mortensen K, Vlassopoulos D, Huang Q. Threading-Unthreading Transition of Linear-Ring Polymer Blends in Extensional Flow. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1452-1457. [PMID: 35653662 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adding small amounts of ring polymers to a matrix of their linear counterparts is known to increase the zero-shear-rate viscosity because of linear-ring threading. Uniaxial extensional rheology measurements show that, unlike its pure linear and ring constituents, the blend exhibits an overshoot in the stress growth coefficient. By combining these measurements with ex-situ small-angle neutron scattering and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, this overshoot is shown to be driven by a transient threading-unthreading transition of rings embedded within the linear entanglement network. Prior to unthreading, embedded rings deform affinely with the linear entanglement network and produce a measurably stronger elongation of the linear chains in the blend compared to the pure linear melt. Thus, rings uniquely alter the mechanisms of transient elongation in linear polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anine Borger
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wendi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas C O'Connor
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Ting Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Gary S Grest
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Grethe V Jensen
- The NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Junyoung Ahn
- Division of Advanced Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Taihyun Chang
- Division of Advanced Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Ole Hassager
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kell Mortensen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dimitris Vlassopoulos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete 70013, Greece.,Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete 71003, Greece
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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13
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Doi Y, Takano A, Takahashi Y, Matsushita Y. Melt rheology of tadpole-shaped polystyrenes with different ring sizes. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8720-8724. [PMID: 32996540 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01098g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, linear melt rheology of a single-tail tadpole-shaped polystyrene, ST-30/80, having ring and linear sizes of MR ∼ 30 kg mol-1 and ML ∼ 80 kg mol-1, respectively, was examined, and the effect of the ring size on rheological properties of tadpole polymers was discussed by comparing with the data of the previously reported tadpole samples having MR ∼ 60 kg mol-1. ST-30/80 exhibits an entanglement plateau and shows a clearly slower terminal relaxation than that of its component ring and linear polymers. When the zero-shear viscosity η0 for ST-30/80 is plotted against the molecular weight of a linear tail chain, the data point lies on the single curve of η0 for 4- and 6-arm star polymers and the single-tail tadpoles with MR ∼ 60 kg mol-1. These results suggest that the tadpole molecule in this study spontaneously forms a characteristic entanglement network, i.e., the intermolecular ring-linear threading, in the same manner as the previous tadpole samples, even though the size of the ring part is just slightly larger than the entanglement molecular weight (i.e., MR ∼ 1.8Me).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Doi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 4648603, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Takano
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 4648603, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Takahashi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan
| | - Yushu Matsushita
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 4648603, Japan.
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14
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Rosa A, Smrek J, Turner MS, Michieletto D. Threading-Induced Dynamical Transition in Tadpole-Shaped Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:743-748. [PMID: 33828901 PMCID: PMC8016395 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between polymer topology and bulk rheology remains a key question in soft matter physics. Architecture-specific constraints (or threadings) are thought to control the dynamics of ring polymers in ring-linear blends, which thus affects the viscosity to range between that of the pure rings and a value larger, but still comparable to, that of the pure linear melt. Here we consider qualitatively different systems of linear and ring polymers, fused together in "chimeric" architectures. The simplest example of this family is a "tadpole"-shaped polymer, a single ring fused to the end of a single linear chain. We show that polymers with this architecture display a threading-induced dynamical transition that substantially slows chain relaxation. Our findings shed light on how threadings control dynamics and may inform design principles for chimeric polymers with topologically tunable bulk rheological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Rosa
- SISSA (Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jan Smrek
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthew S Turner
- Department of Physics and Centre for Complexity Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Davide Michieletto
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, North Rd, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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15
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Roh EJ, Kim JM, Baig C. Molecular dynamics study on the structure and relaxation of short-chain branched ring polymer melts. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Lee E, Jung Y. Slow Dynamics of Ring Polymer Melts by Asymmetric Interaction of Threading Configuration: Monte Carlo Study of a Dynamically Constrained Lattice Model. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E516. [PMID: 30960500 PMCID: PMC6473489 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormally slower diffusional processes than its internal structure relaxation have been observed in ring polymeric melt systems recently. A key structural feature in ring polymer melts is topological constraints which allow rings to assume a threading configuration in the melt phase. In this work, we constructed a lattice model under the assumption of asymmetric diffusivity between two threading rings, and investigated a link between the structural correlation and its dynamic behavior via Monte Carlo simulations. We discovered that the hierarchical threading configurations render the whole system to exhibit abnormally slow dynamics. By analyzing statistical distributions of timescales of threading configurations, we found that the decoupling between internal structure relaxation and diffusion is crucial to understand the threading effects on the dynamics of a ring melt. In particular, in the limit of small but threaded rings, scaling exponents of the diffusion coefficient D and timescale τ diff with respect to the degree of polymerization N agree well with that of the annealed tree model as well as our mean-field analysis. As N increases, however, the ring diffusion abruptly slows down to the glassy behavior, which is supported by a breakdown of the Stokes⁻Einstein relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsang Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - YounJoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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17
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Uehara E, Deguchi T. Mean-square radius of gyration and the hydrodynamic radius for topological polymers expressed with graphs evaluated by the method of quaternions revisited. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Matsumiya Y, Watanabe H, Masubuchi Y, Huang Q, Hassager O. Nonlinear Elongational Rheology of Unentangled Polystyrene and Poly(p-tert-butylstyrene) Melts. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Matsumiya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuichi Masubuchi
- Department of Materials Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ole Hassager
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
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19
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Zhang F, Quirk RP, Gerislioglu S, Wesdemiotis C, Bekele S, Tsige M, Koh YP, Simon SL, Foster MD. Synthesis and Characterization of Well-Defined, Tadpole-Shaped Polystyrene with a Single Atom Junction Point. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yung P. Koh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Sindee L. Simon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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20
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Yan ZC, Hossain MD, Monteiro MJ, Vlassopoulos D. Viscoelastic Properties of Unentangled Multicyclic Polystyrenes. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E973. [PMID: 30960898 PMCID: PMC6403732 DOI: 10.3390/polym10090973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the viscoelastic properties of linear, monocyclic, and multicyclic polystyrenes with the same low molecular weight. All polymers investigated were found to exhibit unentangled dynamics. For monocyclic polymers without inner loops, a cyclic-Rouse model complemented by the contribution of unlinked chains (whose fraction was determined experimentally) captured the observed rheological response. On the other hand, multicyclic polymers with inner loops were shown to follow a hierarchical cyclic-Rouse relaxation with the outer loops relaxing first, followed by the inner loop relaxation. The influence of unlinked linear chains was less significant in multicyclic polymers with inner loops. The isofrictional zero-shear viscosity decreased with increasing number of constrained segments on the coupling sites, which was attributed to the decreasing loop size and the dilution effect due to the hierarchical relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Yan
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas (FORTH), 70013 Heraklion, Greece.
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Md D Hossain
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
- School of Chemical and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Michael J Monteiro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
- School of Chemical and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Dimitris Vlassopoulos
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas (FORTH), 70013 Heraklion, Greece.
- Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.
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Matsushima S, Takano A, Takahashi Y, Matsushita Y. Dynamic viscoelasticity of a series of poly(4-n-alkylstyrene)s and their alkyl chain length dependence. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Michieletto D, Marenduzzo D, Orlandini E, Turner MS. Ring Polymers: Threadings, Knot Electrophoresis and Topological Glasses. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E349. [PMID: 30971026 PMCID: PMC6418951 DOI: 10.3390/polym9080349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the physics of a concentrated suspension of ring polymers, or of an ensemble of ring polymers in a complex environment, is an important outstanding question in polymer physics. Many of the characteristic features of these systems arise due to topological interactions between polymers, or between the polymers and the environment, and it is often challenging to describe this quantitatively. Here we review recent research which suggests that a key role is played by inter-ring threadings (or penetrations), which become more abundant as the ring size increases. As we discuss, the physical consequences of such threadings are far-reaching: for instance, they lead to a topologically-driven glassy behaviour of ring polymer melts under pinning perturbations, while they can also account for the shape of experimentally observed patterns in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of DNA knots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Michieletto
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK.
| | - Davide Marenduzzo
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK.
| | - Enzo Orlandini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Sezione INFN, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Matthew S Turner
- Department of Physics and Centre for Complexity Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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Gao L, Oh J, Chang T, Chen D, Li X, Yang X, Tu Y, Zhu X, Li CY. A nearly quantitative synthetic approach towards monocyclic polystyrenes and the solvent, concentration and molecular weight effect on cyclic yield. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Hu J, Sun P, Jiang X, Zhu W, Zhang K. Tadpole-shaped polymers based on UV-induced strain promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. Sci China Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-0126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Doi Y, Iwasa Y, Watanabe K, Nakamura M, Takano A, Takahashi Y, Matsushita Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Comb-Shaped Ring Polystyrenes. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Doi
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yutaro Iwasa
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazuki Watanabe
- Scientific Instruments
Division, Shoko Scientific Co., Ltd., 1-3-3 Azaminominami, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 225-0012, Japan
| | - Masahide Nakamura
- Scientific Instruments
Division, Shoko Scientific Co., Ltd., 1-3-3 Azaminominami, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 225-0012, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takano
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Takahashi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1,
Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Yushu Matsushita
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Nakai T, Tanaka D, Hara M, Nagano S, Seki T. Free Surface Command Layer for Photoswitchable Out-of-Plane Alignment Control in Liquid Crystalline Polymer Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:909-914. [PMID: 26734930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To date, reversible alignment controls of liquid crystalline materials have widely been achieved by photoreactive layers on solid substrates. In contrast, this work demonstrates the reversible out-of-plane photocontrols of liquid crystalline polymer films by using a photoresponsive skin layer existing at the free surface. A polymethacrylate containing a cyanobiphenyl side-chain mesogen adopts the planar orientation. Upon blending a small amount of azobenzene-containing side-chain polymer followed by successive annealing, segregation of the azobenzene polymer at the free surface occurs and induces a planar to homeotropic orientation transition of cyanobiphenyl mesogens underneath. By irradiation with UV light, the mesogen orientation turns into the planar orientation. The orientation reverts to the homeotropic state upon visible light irradiation or thermally, and such cyclic processes can be repeated many times. On the basis of this principle, erasable optical patterning is performed by irradiating UV light through a photomask.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakai
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering and ‡Nagoya University Venture Business Laboratory, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering and ‡Nagoya University Venture Business Laboratory, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Hara
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering and ‡Nagoya University Venture Business Laboratory, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering and ‡Nagoya University Venture Business Laboratory, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering and ‡Nagoya University Venture Business Laboratory, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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