1
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Coote J, Adotey SKJ, Sangoro JR, Stein GE. Interfacial Effects in Conductivity Measurements of Block Copolymer Electrolytes. ACS POLYMERS AU 2023; 3:331-343. [PMID: 37576709 PMCID: PMC10416321 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The ionic conductivity in lamellar block copolymer electrolytes is often anisotropic, where the in-plane conductivity exceeds the through-plane conductivity by up to an order of magnitude. In a prior work, we showed significant anisotropy in the ionic conductivity of a lamellar block copolymer based on polystyrene (PS) and a polymer ionic liquid (PIL), and we proposed that the through-film ionic conductivity was depressed by layering of lamellar domains near the electrode surface. In the present work, we first tested that conclusion by measuring the through-plane ionic conductivity of two model PIL-based systems having controlled interfacial profiles using impedance spectroscopy. The measurements were not sensitive to changes in interfacial composition or structure, so anisotropy in the ionic conductivity of PS-block-PIL materials must arise from an in-plane enhancement rather than a through-plane depression. We then examined the origin of this in-plane enhancement with a series of PS-block-PIL materials, a P(S-r-IL) copolymer, and a PIL homopolymer, where impedance spectra were acquired with a top-contact electrode configuration. These studies show that enhanced in-plane ionic conductivities are correlated with the formation of an IL-rich wetting layer at the free surface, which presumably provides a low-resistance path for ion transport between the electrodes. Importantly, the enhanced in-plane ionic conductivities in these PS-block-PIL materials are consistent with simple geometric arguments based on properties of the PIL, while the through-plane values are an order of magnitude lower. Consequently, it is critical to understand how surface and bulk effects contribute to impedance spectroscopy measurements when developing structure-conductivity relations in this class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan
P. Coote
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Samuel K. J. Adotey
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Joshua R. Sangoro
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Gila E. Stein
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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2
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Achar SK, Bernasconi L, DeMaio RI, Howard KR, Johnson JK. In Silico Demonstration of Fast Anhydrous Proton Conduction on Graphanol. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37192530 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Development of new materials capable of conducting protons in the absence of water is crucial for improving the performance, reducing the cost, and extending the operating conditions for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. We present detailed atomistic simulations showing that graphanol (hydroxylated graphane) will conduct protons anhydrously with very low diffusion barriers. We developed a deep learning potential (DP) for graphanol that has near-density functional theory accuracy but requires a very small fraction of the computational cost. We used our DP to calculate proton self-diffusion coefficients as a function of temperature, to estimate the overall barrier to proton diffusion, and to characterize the impact of thermal fluctuations as a function of system size. We propose and test a detailed mechanism for proton conduction on the surface of graphanol. We show that protons can rapidly hop along Grotthuss chains containing several hydroxyl groups aligned such that hydrogen bonds allow for conduction of protons forward and backward along the chain without hydroxyl group rotation. Long-range proton transport only takes place as new Grotthuss chains are formed by rotation of one or more hydroxyl groups in the chain. Thus, the overall diffusion barrier consists of a convolution of the intrinsic proton hopping barrier and the intrinsic hydroxyl rotation barrier. Our results provide a set of design rules for developing new anhydrous proton conducting membranes with even lower diffusion barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddarth K Achar
- Computational Modeling & Simulation Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Leonardo Bernasconi
- Center for Research Computing and Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ruby I DeMaio
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Katlyn R Howard
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - J Karl Johnson
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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3
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Luo J, Yang Q, Tan S, Wang C, Wu Y. Anisotropic polymer membranes retaining nanolayered hydrogen sulfate anions for enhanced anhydrous proton conduction. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Flouda P, Bukharina D, Pierce KJ, Stryutsky AV, Shevchenko VV, Tsukruk VV. Flexible Sustained Ionogels with Ionic Hyperbranched Polymers for Enhanced Ion-Conduction and Energy Storage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27028-27039. [PMID: 35658086 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and mechanically robust gel-like electrolytes offer enhanced energy storage capabilities, versatility, and safety in batteries and supercapacitors. However, the trade-off between ion conduction and mechanical robustness remains a challenge for these materials. Here, we suggest that the introduction of ionic hyperbranched polymers in structured sustained ionogels will lead to both enhanced ion conduction and mechanical performance because of the hyperbranched polymers' ionically conductive groups and the complementary interfacial interactions with ionic liquids. More specifically, we investigate the effect of hyperbranched polymers with carboxylate terminal groups and imidazolium counterions with various ionic group densities on the properties of ionogels composed of coassembled cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as sustainable open pore frame for ionic liquid immersion. The addition of hyperbranched polymers leads to the formation of highly interconnected openly porous, lightweight, and shape-persistent materials by harnessing hydrogen bonding between the polymers and the CNFs/CNCs "frame". Notably, these materials possess a 2-fold improvement in ionic conductivity combined with many-fold increase in Young's modulus, tensile strength, and toughness, making them comparable to common reinforced nanocomposite materials. Furthermore, the corresponding thin-film gel supercapacitors possess enhanced electrochemical cycling stability upon repeated bending with an 85% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles, promising new insight in the development of simultaneously conductive and flexible gel electrolytes with sustained performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Flouda
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Daria Bukharina
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kellina J Pierce
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Alexandr V Stryutsky
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkivske Shosse 48, Kyiv 02160, Ukraine
| | - Valery V Shevchenko
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkivske Shosse 48, Kyiv 02160, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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5
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Wong LN, Jones SD, Wood K, de Campo L, Darwish T, Moir M, Li H, Segalman RA, Warr GG, Atkin R. Polycation radius of gyration in a polymeric ionic liquid (PIL): the PIL melt is not a theta solvent. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:4526-4532. [PMID: 35119064 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05354j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conformation of the polycation in the prototypical polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) poly(3-methyl-1-aminopropylimidazolylacrylamide) bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (poly(3MAPIm)TFSI) was probed using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) at 25 °C and 80 °C. Poly(3MAPIm)TFSI contains microvoids which lead to intense low q scattering that can be mitigated using mixtures of hydrogen- and deuterium-rich materials, allowing determination of the polycation conformation and radius of gyration (Rg). In the pure PIL, the polycation adopts a random coil conformation with Rg = 52 ± 0.5 Å. In contrast to conventional polymer melts, the pure PIL is not a theta solvent for the polycation. The TFSI- anions, which comprise 48% v/v of the PIL, are strongly attracted to the polycation and act like small solvent molecules which leads to chain swelling analogous to an entangled, semi-dilute, or concentrated polymer solution in a good solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas N Wong
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia.
| | - Seamus D Jones
- Chemical Engineering Department and Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Kathleen Wood
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Liliana de Campo
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Tamim Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF), ANSTO, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Michael Moir
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF), ANSTO, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Hua Li
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia.
| | - Rachel A Segalman
- Chemical Engineering Department and Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Gregory G Warr
- School of Chemistry and University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia.
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6
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Yang Q, Zhang Q, Zhu S, Cai W. Exploration of Ion Transport in Blends of an Ionic Liquid and a Polymerized Ionic Liquid Graft Copolymer. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:716-722. [PMID: 35042331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared a composite membrane consisting of a poly(1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium-tetrafluoroborate) (poly([BVIM]-[BF4])) polymerized ionic liquid graft copolymer (PILGC) and a blend of PILGC and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]-[BF4]) ionic liquid (IL) to explore techniques for improving the conductivity of PILGCs, which is normally three orders of magnitude lower than that of ILs. PILGCs, which are environmentally friendly, have attracted much interest. To gain a better understanding of ion transport in composites, the mechanisms of ion transport in composite components should be explored. We investigated anion transport in ILs and PILGCs and were able to obtain the correct ion transport mechanisms in IL-PILGC blends based on a previous work. We performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which are commonly used to investigate molecular mechanisms. According to the MD simulation results, in most IL-PILGC blends of various compositions, the contributions of cations are greater than those of anions. This is one reason that blends have higher conductivities than their component PILGCs. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to identify ion transport mechanisms in PILGCs and their blends with ILs by exploring subdiffusive ion motion regimes. The ratio of the number of cages with more than three cationic branch chains in the blend with 50 wt % PILGC, the blend with 80 wt % PILGC, and the PILGC was 0.26:0.39:0.65. Therefore, the ratio of firm cages gets a promotion as the PILGC content increases. Because the ratio of fast ions decreases as the ratio of firm cages increases, the blend with 80 wt % PILGC has lower anion diffusivities than the blend with 50 wt % PILGC. It was inappropriate to probe ion transport in PILGCs (or IL-PILGC blends) solely via analyzing ion association interactions. Analysis of only ion association interactions led to the incorrect conclusion that the time scales of ion transport in PILGCs are given by the continuous ion association time, which is the time when the ion association remains paired rather than the time when an ion is caught inside a cage. Proper methods should be used to obtain more accurate theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shenlin Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weibin Cai
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
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7
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Li H, Zhang Y, Jones S, Segalman R, Warr GG, Atkin R. Interfacial nanostructure and friction of a polymeric ionic liquid-ionic liquid mixture as a function of potential at Au(111) electrode interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 606:1170-1178. [PMID: 34487936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The polymeric cations of polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) can adsorb from the bulk of a conventional ionic liquid (IL) to the Au(111) electrode interface and form a boundary layer. The interfacial properties of the PIL boundary layer may be tuned by potential. EXPERIMENTS Atomic force microscopy has been used to investigate the changes of surface morphology, normal and lateral forces of a 5 wt% PIL/IL mixture as a function of potential. FINDINGS Polymeric cations adsorb strongly to Au(111) and form a polymeric cation-enriched boundary layer at -1.0 V. This boundary layer binds less strongly to the surface at open circuit potential (OCP) and weakly at + 1.0 V. The polymeric cation chains are compressed at -1.0 V and OCP owing to electrical attractions with the electrode surface, but fully stretched at + 1.0 V due to electrical repulsions. The lateral forces of the 5 wt% PIL/IL mixture at -1.0 V and OCP are higher than at + 1.0 V as the polymeric cation-enriched boundary layer is rougher and has stronger interactions with the AFM probe; at + 1.0 V, the lateral force is low and comparable to pure conventional IL due to displacement of polymeric cations with conventional anions in the boundary layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Yunxiao Zhang
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Seamus Jones
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Rachel Segalman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Gregory G Warr
- School of Chemistry and Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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8
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Jain SK, Rawlings D, Antoine S, Segalman RA, Han S. Confinement Promotes Hydrogen Bond Network Formation and Grotthuss Proton Hopping in Ion-Conducting Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal K. Jain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Dakota Rawlings
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ségolène Antoine
- Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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9
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Zhao Q, Bennington P, Nealey PF, Patel SN, Evans CM. Ion Specific, Thin Film Confinement Effects on Conductivity in Polymerized Ionic Liquids. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Bennington
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Shrayesh N. Patel
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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10
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Kesküla A, Peikolainen AL, Kilmartin PA, Kiefer R. Solvent Effect in Imidazole-Based Poly(Ionic liquid) Membranes: Energy Storage and Sensing. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3466. [PMID: 34685225 PMCID: PMC8537087 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) are interesting new materials in sustainable technologies for energy storage and for gas sensor devices, and they provide high ion conductivity as solid polymer electrolytes in batteries. We introduce here the effect of polar protic (aqueous) and polar aprotic (propylene carbonate, PC) electrolytes, with the same concentration of lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (LiTFSI) on hydrophobic PIL films. Cyclic voltammetry, scanning ionic conductance microscopy and square wave voltammetry were performed, revealing that the PIL films had better electroactivity in the aqueous electrolyte and three times higher ion conductivity was obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Their energy storage capability was investigated with chronopotentiometric measurements, and it revealed 1.6 times higher specific capacitance in the aqueous electrolyte as well as novel sensor properties regarding the applied solvents. The PIL films were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, FTIR and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arko Kesküla
- Intelligent Materials and Systems Lab, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (A.K.); (A.-L.P.)
| | - Anna-Liisa Peikolainen
- Intelligent Materials and Systems Lab, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (A.K.); (A.-L.P.)
| | - Paul A. Kilmartin
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Rudolf Kiefer
- Conducting Polymers in Composites and Applications Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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11
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Chen J, Arnould M, Popovs I, Mahurin SM, Chen H, Wang T, Dai S. Synthesis of Poly(ionic Liquid)s- block-poly(methyl Methacrylate) Copolymer-Grafted Silica Particle Brushes with Enhanced CO 2 Permeability and Mechanical Performance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10875-10881. [PMID: 34459609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ionic liquid) (PIL)-based block copolymers are of particular interest as they combine the specific properties of PILs with the self-assembling behaviors of block copolymers, broadening the range of potential applications for PIL-based materials. In this work, three particle brushes: SiO2-g-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), SiO2-g-PIL, and SiO2-g-PMMA-b-PIL were prepared through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Unlike the homogeneous homopolymer particle brushes, the block copolymer particle brush SiO2-g-PMMA-b-PIL exhibited a bimodal chain architecture and unique phase-separated morphology, which were confirmed by size-exclusion chromatography and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the influence of the introduction of the PMMA segment on the gas separation and mechanical performance of the PIL-containing block copolymer particle brushes were investigated. A significant improvement of Young's modulus was observed in the SiO2-g-PMMA-b-PIL compared to the SiO2-g-PIL bulk films; meanwhile, their gas separation performances (CO2 permeability and CO2/N2 selectivity) were the same, which demonstrates the possibility of improving the mechanical properties of PIL-based particle brushes without compromising their gas separation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyu Wang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jihua Chen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Mark Arnould
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ilja Popovs
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Shannon M Mahurin
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sheng Dai
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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12
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Zhang B, Zheng C, Sims MB, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Influence of Charge Fraction on the Phase Behavior of Symmetric Single-Ion Conducting Diblock Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1035-1040. [PMID: 35549119 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of symmetric poly[(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-oligo(ethylene glycol) propyl sodium sulfonate methacrylate)]-block-polystyrene (PsOEGMA-PS) diblock copolymers were synthesized as a model system to probe the effect of charge fraction on the phase behavior of charged-neutral single-ion conducting diblock copolymers. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments showed that increasing the charge fraction does not alter the ordered phase morphology (lamellar) but increases the order-disorder transition temperature (TODT) significantly. Additionally, the effective Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χeff) was found to increase linearly with the charge fraction, similar to the case of conventional salt-doped diblock copolymers. This indicates that the effect of counterion solvation, attributed to the significant mismatch between the dielectric constant of each block, provides the dominant effect in tuning the phase behavior of this charged diblock copolymer. We therefore infer that electrostatic cohesion (local charge ordering induced by Coulombic interactions), which is predicted to suppress microphase separation and lead to asymmetric phase diagrams, only plays a minor role in this model system.
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13
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Jing BB, Mata P, Zhao Q, Evans CM. Effects of crosslinking density and Lewis acidic sites on conductivity and viscoelasticity of dynamic network electrolytes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian B. Jing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
- Beckman Institute of Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
| | - Patricia Mata
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
| | - Qiujie Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
| | - Christopher M. Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
- Beckman Institute of Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
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14
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He H, Wang G, Chai S, Li X, Zhai L, Wu L, Li H. Self-assembled lamellar nanochannels in polyoxometalate-polymer nanocomposites for proton conduction. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Influence of counteranion and humidity on the thermal, mechanical and conductive properties of covalently crosslinked ionenes. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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17
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Shan N, Shen C, Evans CM. Critical Role of Ion Exchange Conditions on the Properties of Network Ionic Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1718-1725. [PMID: 35653674 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ionic polymers are important in a wide range of applications and can exhibit widely different properties depending on the ionic species. In the case of single ion conducting polymers, where one charge is attached to the backbone or as a side group, ion exchange is performed to control the mobile species. While the conditions are often specified, the final ion content is not always quantified, and there are no clear criteria for what concentration of salt is needed in the exchange. A series of ammonium network ionic polymers with different precise carbon spacers (C4-C7) between ionic junctions were synthesized as model systems to understand how the ion exchange conditions impact the resultant polymer properties. The initial networks with free bromide anions were exchanged with 1.5, 3, or 10 equiv of lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) salt in solution. For networks with seven carbons between cross-links, increasing the LiTFSI concentration led to an increase in ion exchange efficiency from 83.6 to 97.6 mol %. At the highest conversion, the C7 network showed a 4 °C decrease in glass transition temperature (Tg), a 50 °C increase in degradation temperature, 12-fold lower water uptake from air, and a greater than 10-fold increase in conductivity at 90 °C. These results illustrate that properties such as Tg are less sensitive to residual ion impurities, whereas the conductivity is highly dependent on the final exchange conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisong Shan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Chengtian Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Christopher M. Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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18
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Kang S, Park MJ. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Block Copolymers with Tethered Acid Groups: Challenges and Opportunities. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1527-1541. [PMID: 35617073 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Scientific research on advanced polymer electrolytes has led to the emergence of all-solid-state energy storage/transfer systems. Early research began with acid-tethered polymers half a century ago, and research interest has gradually shifted to high-precision polymers with controllable acid functional groups and nanoscale morphologies. Consequently, various self-assembled acid-tethered block polymer morphologies have been produced. Their ion properties are profoundly affected by the multiscale intermolecular interactions in confinements. The creation of hierarchically organized ion/dipole arrangements inside the block copolymer nanostructures has been highlighted as a future method for developing advanced single-ion polymers with decoupled ion dynamics and polymer chain relaxation. Several emerging practical applications of the acid-tethered block copolymers have been explored to draw attention to the challenges and opportunities in developing state-of-the-art electrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
| | - Moon Jeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
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19
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Stumphauser T, Kasza G, Domján A, Wacha A, Varga Z, Thomann Y, Thomann R, Pásztói B, Trötschler TM, Kerscher B, Mülhaupt R, Iván B. Nanoconfined Crosslinked Poly(ionic liquid)s with Unprecedented Selective Swelling Properties Obtained by Alkylation in Nanophase-Separated Poly(1-vinylimidazole)- l-poly(tetrahydrofuran) Conetworks. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2292. [PMID: 33036354 PMCID: PMC7599712 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the great interest in nanoconfined materials nowadays, nanocompartmentalized poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) have been rarely investigated so far. Herein, we report on the successful alkylation of poly(1-vinylimidazole) with methyl iodide in bicontinuous nanophasic poly(1-vinylimidazole)-l-poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PVIm-l-PTHF) amphiphilic conetworks (APCNs) to obtain nanoconfined methylated PVImMe-l-PTHF poly(ionic liquid) conetworks (PIL-CNs). A high extent of alkylation (~95%) was achieved via a simple alkylation process with MeI at room temperature. This does not destroy the bicontinuous nanophasic morphology as proved by SAXS and AFM, and PIL-CNs with 15-20 nm d-spacing and poly(3-methyl-1-vinylimidazolium iodide) PIL nanophases with average domain sizes of 8.2-8.4 nm are formed. Unexpectedly, while the swelling capacity of the PIL-CN dramatically increases in aprotic polar solvents, such as DMF, NMP, and DMSO, reaching higher than 1000% superabsorbent swelling degrees, the equilibrium swelling degrees decrease in even highly polar protic (hydrophilic) solvents, like water and methanol. An unprecedented Gaussian-type relationship was found between the ratios of the swelling degrees versus the polarity index, indicating increased swelling for the nanoconfined PVImMe-l-PTHF PIL-CNs in solvents with a polarity index between ~6 and 9.5. In addition to the nanoconfined structural features, the unique selective superabsorbent swelling behavior of the PIL-CNs can also be utilized in various application fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Stumphauser
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- George Hevesy PhD School of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Kasza
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Domján
- NMR Research Laboratory, Instrumentation Center, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar TudóSok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Wacha
- Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yi Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Balázs Pásztói
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- George Hevesy PhD School of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tobias M Trötschler
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kerscher
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Béla Iván
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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20
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Abstract
Solid-state polymer electrolytes and high-concentration liquid electrolytes, such as water-in-salt electrolytes and ionic liquids, are emerging materials to replace the flammable organic electrolytes widely used in industrial lithium-ion batteries. Extensive efforts have been made to understand the ion transport mechanisms and optimize the ion transport properties. This perspective reviews the current understanding of the ion transport and polymer dynamics in liquid and polymer electrolytes, comparing the similarities and differences in the two types of electrolytes. Combining recent experimental and theoretical findings, we attempt to connect and explain ion transport mechanisms in different types of small-molecule and polymer electrolytes from a theoretical perspective, linking the macroscopic transport coefficients to the microscopic, molecular properties such as the solvation environment of the ions, salt concentration, solvent/polymer molecular weight, ion pairing, and correlated ion motion. We emphasize universal features in the ion transport and polymer dynamics by highlighting the relevant time and length scales. Several outstanding questions and anticipated developments for electrolyte design are discussed, including the negative transference number, control of ion transport through precision synthesis, and development of predictive multiscale modeling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yun Son
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Zhen-Gang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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21
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Coote JP, Kinsey T, Street DP, Kilbey SM, Sangoro JR, Stein GE. Surface-Induced Ordering Depresses Through-Film Ionic Conductivity in Lamellar Block Copolymer Electrolytes. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:565-570. [PMID: 35648487 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lamellar block copolymers based on polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) show promise as electrolytes in electrochemical devices. However, these systems often display structural anisotropy that depresses the through-film ionic conductivity. This work hypothesizes that structural anisotropy is a consequence of surface-induced ordering, where preferential adsorption of one block at the electrode drives a short-range stacking of the lamellae. This point was examined with lamellar diblock copolymers of polystyrene (PS) and poly(1-(2-acryloyloxyethyl)-3-butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide) (PIL). The bulk PS-PIL structure was comprised of randomly oriented lamellar grains. However, in thin PS-PIL films (100-400 nm), the lamellae were stacked normal to the plane of the film, and islands/holes were observed when the as-prepared film thickness was incommensurate with the natural lamellar periodicity. Both of these attributes are well-known consequences of preferential wetting at surfaces. The ionic conductivity of thick PS-PIL films (50-100 μm) was approximately 20× higher in the in-plane direction than in the through-plane direction, consistent with a mixed structure comprised of randomly oriented lamellae throughout the interior of the film and highly oriented lamellae at the electrode surface. Therefore, to fully optimize the performance of a block copolymer electrolyte, it is important to consider the effects of surface interactions on the ordering of domains.
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22
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Rosli NAH, Loh KS, Wong WY, Yunus RM, Lee TK, Ahmad A, Chong ST. Review of Chitosan-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Roles of Chitosan-Supported Ionic Liquids. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020632. [PMID: 31963607 PMCID: PMC7014316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorosulphonic acid-based membranes such as Nafion are widely used in fuel cell applications. However, these membranes have several drawbacks, including high expense, non-eco-friendliness, and low proton conductivity under anhydrous conditions. Biopolymer-based membranes, such as chitosan (CS), cellulose, and carrageenan, are popular. They have been introduced and are being studied as alternative materials for enhancing fuel cell performance, because they are environmentally friendly and economical. Modifications that will enhance the proton conductivity of biopolymer-based membranes have been performed. Ionic liquids, which are good electrolytes, are studied for their potential to improve the ionic conductivity and thermal stability of fuel cell applications. This review summarizes the development and evolution of CS biopolymer-based membranes and ionic liquids in fuel cell applications over the past decade. It also focuses on the improved performances of fuel cell applications using biopolymer-based membranes and ionic liquids as promising clean energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Adiera Hanna Rosli
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.H.R.); (W.Y.W.); (R.M.Y.)
| | - Kee Shyuan Loh
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.H.R.); (W.Y.W.); (R.M.Y.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Wai Yin Wong
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.H.R.); (W.Y.W.); (R.M.Y.)
| | - Rozan Mohamad Yunus
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.H.R.); (W.Y.W.); (R.M.Y.)
| | - Tian Khoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry–Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Azizan Ahmad
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Seng Tong Chong
- College of Energy Economics and Social Sciences, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia;
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23
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Jing BB, Evans CM. Catalyst-Free Dynamic Networks for Recyclable, Self-Healing Solid Polymer Electrolytes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18932-18937. [PMID: 31743006 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polymer networks with dynamic covalent cross-links act as solids but can flow at high temperatures. They have been widely explored as reprocessable and self-healing materials, but their use as solid electrolytes is limited. Here we report poly(ethylene oxide)-based networks with varying amounts of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) to understand the impact of a salt on the ion transport and network dynamics. We observed that the conductivity of our dynamic networks reached a maximum of 3.5 × 10-4 S/cm at an optimal LiTFSI concentration. Rheological measurements showed that the amount of LiTFSI significantly affects the mechanical properties, as the shear modulus varies between 1 and 10 MPa and the stress relaxation by 2 orders of magnitude. Additionally, we found that these networks can efficiently dissolve back to pure monomers and heal to recover their conductivity after damage, showing the potential of dynamic networks as sustainable solid electrolytes.
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24
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Zhao Q, Shen C, Halloran KP, Evans CM. Effect of Network Architecture and Linker Polarity on Ion Aggregation and Conductivity in Precise Polymerized Ionic Liquids. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:658-663. [PMID: 35619520 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Four polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) were systematically designed to study the effect of polymer architecture and linker polarity on ion aggregation and transport. Specifically, linear and network PILs with the same ammonium cations (Am) and bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (TFSI) anions were prepared by step-growth polymerization, and polarity was tuned by incorporating two precise linkers, either polar tetra(ethylene oxide) (4EO) linker or nonpolar undecyl (C11) linker. The glass transition temperature (Tg) substantially increased with the nonpolar C11 linker or upon cross-linking to form a network. The low wave-vector (q) ion aggregation peak from wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) was not observable in the linear 4EO PIL, while it was most pronounced in the network C11 PIL. The network C11 PIL exhibited the strongest decoupling, where the ionic conductivity at Tg is greater than 1 order of magnitude higher than the other PILs. This systematic comparison suggests that network structure and nonpolar linkers can promote both ion aggregation and ionic conductivity close to Tg.
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25
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Doughty B, Genix AC, Popov I, Li B, Zhao S, Saito T, Lutterman DA, Sacci RL, Sumpter BG, Wojnarowska Z, Bocharova V. Structural correlations tailor conductive properties in polymerized ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14775-14785. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02268f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, it was demonstrated that the mobile ion (anion) size and pendant group chemistry affect the packing of the polymer chains and influence conductivity in imidazolium based PolyILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Doughty
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Anne-Caroline Genix
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier
- CNRS
- F-34095 Montpellier
- France
| | - Ivan Popov
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Bingrui Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
| | - Tomonori Saito
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | | | - Robert L. Sacci
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Bobby G. Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
- Computational Sciences & Engineering Division
| | - Zaneta Wojnarowska
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
- Institute of Physics
| | - Vera Bocharova
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
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26
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Chen TL, Sun R, Willis C, Morgan BF, Beyer FL, Elabd YA. Lithium ion conducting polymerized ionic liquid pentablock terpolymers as solid-state electrolytes. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Mogurampelly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Institute for
Computational Molecular Science (ICMS) and Temple Materials Institute
(TMI), 1925 North 12th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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28
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Potentially helical imidazole-containing conjugated oligomers: synthesis, optical properties, and conformation. Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-018-0146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Amari S, Ando S, Miyanishi S, Yamaguchi T. Effect of a Sulfonated Benzothiadiazole Unit on the Morphology and Ion Conduction Behavior of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Amari
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shinji Ando
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 705-1 Shimoimaizumi, Ebina, Kanagawa 243-0435, Japan
| | - Shoji Miyanishi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takeo Yamaguchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 705-1 Shimoimaizumi, Ebina, Kanagawa 243-0435, Japan
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30
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Design of ion-conductive core-shell nanoparticles via site-selective quaternization of triazole–triazolium salt block copolymers. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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31
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Harris MA, Heres MF, Coote J, Wenda A, Strehmel V, Stein GE, Sangoro J. Ion Transport and Interfacial Dynamics in Disordered Block Copolymers of Ammonium-Based Polymerized Ionic Liquids. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Harris
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Maximilian F. Heres
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jonathan Coote
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - André Wenda
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Gila E. Stein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Joshua Sangoro
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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32
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Sanoja GE, Schauser NS, Bartels JM, Evans CM, Helgeson ME, Seshadri R, Segalman RA. Ion Transport in Dynamic Polymer Networks Based on Metal–Ligand Coordination: Effect of Cross-Linker Concentration. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E. Sanoja
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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33
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Hayano S, Ota K, Ban HT. Syntheses, characterizations and functions of cationic polyethers with imidazolium-based ionic liquid moieties. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01985h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polyethers with ionic liquid groups are characterized with deliquescence, ionic conductivity and miscibility in ionic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keisuke Ota
- Zeon Corporation R&D Center
- Kawasaki-city
- Japan
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34
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Nakabayashi K, Sato Y, Isawa Y, Lo CT, Mori H. Ionic Conductivity and Assembled Structures of Imidazolium Salt-Based Block Copolymers with Thermoresponsive Segments. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E616. [PMID: 30965921 PMCID: PMC6418687 DOI: 10.3390/polym9110616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquid-based block copolymers composed of ionic (solubility tunable)⁻nonionic (water-soluble and thermoresponsive) segments were synthesized to explore the relationship between ionic conductivity and assembled structures. Three block copolymers, comprising poly(N-vinylimidazolium bromide) (poly(NVI-Br)) as a hydrophilic poly(ionic liquid) segment and thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (poly(NIPAM)), having different compositions, were initially prepared by RAFT polymerization. The anion-exchange reaction of the poly(NVI-Br) in the block copolymers with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiNTf₂) proceeded selectively to afford amphiphilic block copolymers composed of hydrophobic poly(NVI-NTf₂) and hydrophilic poly(NIPAM). Resulting poly(NVI-NTf₂)-b-poly(NIPAM) exhibited ionic conductivities greater than 10-3 S/cm at 90 °C and 10-4 S/cm at 25 °C, which can be tuned by the comonomer composition and addition of a molten salt. Temperature-dependent ionic conductivity and assembled structures of these block copolymers were investigated, in terms of the comonomer composition, nature of counter anion and sample preparation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Nakabayashi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Yuta Isawa
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Chen-Tsyr Lo
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Hideharu Mori
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
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35
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Kang M, Lee B, Leal C. Three-Dimensional Microphase Separation and Synergistic Permeability in Stacked Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Membranes. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017; 29:9120-9132. [PMID: 31097879 PMCID: PMC6516788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b02845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We present new structures of soft-material thin films that augment the functionality of substrate-mediated delivery systems. A hybrid material composed of phospholipids and block copolymers adopts a multilayered membrane structure supported on a solid surface. The hybrid films comprise intentional intramembrane heterogeneities that register across multilayers. These stacked domains convey unprecedented enhancement and control of permeability of solutes across micrometer-thick films. Using grazing incidence X-ray scattering, phase contrast atomic force microscopy, and confocal microscopy, we observed that in each lamella, lipid and polymers partition unevenly within the membrane plane segregating into lipid- or polymer-rich domains. Interestingly, we found evidence that like-domains align in registry across multilayers, thereby making phase separation three-dimensional. Phase boundaries exist over extended length scales to compensate the height mismatch between lipid and polymer molecules. We show that microphase separation in hybrid films can be exploited to augment the capability of drug-eluting substrates. Lipid-polymer hybrid films loaded with paclitaxel show synergistic permeability of drug compared to single-component counterparts. We present a thorough structural study of stacked lipid-polymer hybrid membranes and propose that the presence of registered domains and domain boundaries impart enhanced drug release functionality. This work offers new perspectives in designing thin films for controlled delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjee Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Cecilia Leal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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36
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Nguyen A, Rhoades TC, Johnson RD, Miller KM. Influence of Anion and Crosslink Density on the Ionic Conductivity of 1,2,3‐Triazolium‐Based Poly(ionic liquid) Polyester Networks. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anh Nguyen
- 1201 Jesse D. Jones Hall Department of Chemistry Murray State University Murray KY 42071 USA
| | - Taylor C. Rhoades
- 1201 Jesse D. Jones Hall Department of Chemistry Murray State University Murray KY 42071 USA
| | - R. Daniel Johnson
- 1201 Jesse D. Jones Hall Department of Chemistry Murray State University Murray KY 42071 USA
| | - Kevin M. Miller
- 1201 Jesse D. Jones Hall Department of Chemistry Murray State University Murray KY 42071 USA
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37
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Iacob C, Matsumoto A, Brennan M, Liu H, Paddison SJ, Urakawa O, Inoue T, Sangoro J, Runt J. Polymerized Ionic Liquids: Correlation of Ionic Conductivity with Nanoscale Morphology and Counterion Volume. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:941-946. [PMID: 35650895 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the chemical structure on ion transport, nanoscale morphology, and dynamics in polymerized imidazolium-based ionic liquids is investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy and X-ray scattering, complemented with atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Anion volume is found to correlate strongly with Tg-independent ionic conductivities spanning more than 3 orders of magnitude. In addition, a systematic increase in alkyl side chain length results in about one decade decrease in Tg-independent ionic conductivity correlating with an increase in the characteristic backbone-to-backbone distances found from scattering and simulations. The quantitative comparison between ion sizes, morphology, and ionic conductivity underscores the need for polymerized ionic liquids with small counterions and short alkyl side chain length in order to obtain polymer electrolytes with higher ionic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Iacob
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Atsushi Matsumoto
- Department
of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Marissa Brennan
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Stephen J. Paddison
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Osamu Urakawa
- Department
of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tadashi Inoue
- Department
of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Joshua Sangoro
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - James Runt
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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38
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Zhao X, Guo S, Li H, Liu J, Liu X, Song H. In Situ Synthesis of Imidazolium-Crosslinked Ionogels via Debus-Radziszewski Reaction Based on PAMAM Dendrimers in Imidazolium Ionic liquid. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhao
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding Hebei Province 071002 P. R. China
| | - Shufei Guo
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding Hebei Province 071002 P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding Hebei Province 071002 P. R. China
| | - Jiahang Liu
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding Hebei Province 071002 P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding Hebei Province 071002 P. R. China
| | - Hongzan Song
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding Hebei Province 071002 P. R. China
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39
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Schmitt AK, Mahanthappa MK. Order and Disorder in High χ/Low N, Broad Dispersity ABA Triblock Polymers. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam K. Schmitt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mahesh K. Mahanthappa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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40
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Hayano S, Ohta K, Ban HT. Highly Deliquescent Cationic Polyether with Imidazolium Halide Group. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigetaka Hayano
- Zeon Corporation R&D Center, 1-2-1 Yako, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9507
| | - Keisuke Ohta
- Zeon Corporation R&D Center, 1-2-1 Yako, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9507
| | - Hoang The Ban
- Zeon Corporation R&D Center, 1-2-1 Yako, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9507
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41
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Ren Y, Zhang J, Guo J, Chen F, Yan F. Porous Poly(Ionic Liquid) Membranes as Efficient and Recyclable Absorbents for Heavy Metal Ions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyuan Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jiangna Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Fei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Feng Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
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42
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Lytle TK, Radhakrishna M, Sing CE. High Charge Density Coacervate Assembly via Hybrid Monte Carlo Single Chain in Mean Field Theory. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mithun Radhakrishna
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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43
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Heres M, Cosby T, Mapesa EU, Sangoro J. Probing Nanoscale Ion Dynamics in Ultrathin Films of Polymerized Ionic Liquids by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1065-1069. [PMID: 35614646 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Continuous progress in energy storage and conversion technologies necessitates novel experimental approaches that can provide fundamental insights regarding the impact of reduced dimensions on the functional properties of materials. Here, we demonstrate a nondestructive experimental approach to probe nanoscale ion dynamics in ultrathin films of polymerized 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide over a broad frequency range spanning over 6 orders of magnitude by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The approach involves using an electrode configuration with lithographically patterned silica nanostructures, which allow for an air gap between the confined ion conductor and one of the electrodes. We observe that the characteristic rate of ion dynamics significantly slows down with decreasing film thicknesses above the calorimetric glass transition of the bulk polymer. However, the mean rates remain bulk-like at lower temperatures. These results highlight the increasing influence of the polymer/substrate interactions with decreasing film thickness on ion dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Heres
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Tyler Cosby
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Emmanuel Urandu Mapesa
- Institute
of Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Linnestr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joshua Sangoro
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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44
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Rhoades TC, Wistrom JC, Daniel Johnson R, Miller KM. Thermal, mechanical and conductive properties of imidazolium-containing thiol-ene poly(ionic liquid) networks. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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Evans CM, Bridges CR, Sanoja GE, Bartels J, Segalman RA. Role of Tethered Ion Placement on Polymerized Ionic Liquid Structure and Conductivity: Pendant versus Backbone Charge Placement. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:925-930. [PMID: 35607206 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of ion placement was systematically investigated in imidazolium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (ImTFSI) polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) containing pendant charges and charges in the backbone (sometimes called ionenes). The backbone PILs were synthesized via a facile step growth route, and pendant PILs were synthesized via RAFT. Both PILs were designed to have nearly identical charge density, and the conductivity was found to be substantially enhanced in the backbone PIL systems even after accounting for differences in the glass transition temperature (Tg). Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) revealed an invariance in the location of the amorphous halo between the two systems, while the anion-anion correlation peak was shifted to lower scattering wavevector (q) in the backbone PILs. This indicates an increase in the correlation length of ions and is consistent with charge transport along a more correlated pathway following the polymer backbone. Due to the linear nature of the backbone PILs, crystallization was observed and correlated with changes in conductivity. Upon crystallization, the conductivity dropped, and eventually, two populations of mobile ions were observed and attributed to ions in the amorphous and near-crystallite regions. The present work demonstrates the important role of ion placement on local structure and conductivity as well as the ability of backbone PILs to be used as controllable optical or dielectric materials based on crystallization or processing history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriel E. Sanoja
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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46
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Fan F, Wang W, Holt AP, Feng H, Uhrig D, Lu X, Hong T, Wang Y, Kang NG, Mays J, Sokolov AP. Effect of Molecular Weight on the Ion Transport Mechanism in Polymerized Ionic Liquids. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fan
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Chemical Sciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Weiyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Chemical Sciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Adam P. Holt
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Chemical Sciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Hongbo Feng
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Chemical Sciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - David Uhrig
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Chemical Sciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xinyi Lu
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Chemical Sciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Chemical Sciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Chemical Sciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Nam-Goo Kang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Chemical Sciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jimmy Mays
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Chemical Sciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Alexei P. Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Chemical Sciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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47
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Meek KM, Elabd YA. Sulfonated Polymerized Ionic Liquid Block Copolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:1200-6. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Meek
- Department of Chemical Engineering Texas A & M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Yossef A. Elabd
- Department of Chemical Engineering Texas A & M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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48
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Sanoja GE, Popere BC, Beckingham BS, Evans CM, Lynd NA, Segalman RA. Structure–Conductivity Relationships of Block Copolymer Membranes Based on Hydrated Protic Polymerized Ionic Liquids: Effect of Domain Spacing. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E. Sanoja
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Bryan S. Beckingham
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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