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Luo J, Wang X, Tong B, Li Z, Rocchi LA, Di Lisio V, Cangialosi D, Zuo B. Length Scale of Molecular Motions Governing Glass Equilibration in Hyperquenched and Slow-Cooled Polystyrene. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:357-363. [PMID: 38175163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Polymer glasses attain thermodynamic equilibrium owing to structural relaxation at various length scales. Herein, calorimetry experiments were conducted to trace the macroscopic relaxation of slow-cooled (SC) and hyperquenched (HQ) polystyrene (PS) glasses and based on detailed comparisons with molecular dynamics probed by dye reorientation, we discussed the possible molecular process governing the equilibration of PS glasses near the glass transition temperatures (Tg). Both SC and HQ glasses equilibrate owing to the cooperative segment motion above a characteristic temperature (Tc) slightly lower than the Tg. In contrast, below the Tc, the localized backbone motion with an apparent activation energy of 290 ± 20 kJ/mol, involving approximately six repeating units, assists equilibrium recovery of PS glasses on the experimentally accessible time scales. The results possibly indicate the presence of an alternative mechanism other than the α-cooperative process controlling physical aging of materials in their deep glassy states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintian Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ben Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lorenzo Augusto Rocchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Di Lisio
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Biao Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing 312000, China
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2
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Yang S, Park J, Jeong S, Cho Y, Jeong M, Oh J, Lee S, Park J, Yoon SJ, Yang C. Conformational Locking Control of 2D Outer Side Chains via Fluorine Atom Positioning for Improving the Thermal Stability of Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39636-39646. [PMID: 37579241 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Alongside high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), device stability, especially thermal issues, is another key factor for the successful commercialization of nonfullerene acceptor (NFA)-based organic solar cells (OSCs). Considering the significant effects of the side-chain engineering of NFAs on molecular packing and/or locking strongly associated with the thermal stability of OSCs, herein, we present two new isomeric NFAs with 4-fluoro- and 2-fluoro-substituted hexylphenyl two-dimensional (2D) outer side chains (4FY and 2FY, respectively). In contrast with the 2FY having a horizontal stretching conformation, 4FY exhibits a diagonal stretching conformation of the 2D outer side chains and a higher dipole moment, resulting in a huge difference in their crystalline/aggregation characteristics, i.e., 4FY possesses a higher crystallinity with a denser molecular packing than the 2FY neat film, as evidenced by thermal and morphological characterizations. Encouragingly, relative to the one based on 2FY, the OSC based on 4FY delivers a PCE as high as 16.4%, together with excellent thermal stability (88.4% PCE retention under 85 °C for 360 h), which is attributed to a more optimal and robust blend morphology induced by its better compatibility into the used donor component and stronger crystallinity. This work demonstrates that in addition to the improved photovoltaic property, the appropriate F-positioning on the 2D outer side chains can play a key role in controlling their conformations, which can promote the increase of the thermal stability of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjin Yang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jaeyeong Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Seonghun Jeong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mingyu Jeong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- KEPCO Research Institute, Korea Electric Power Corporation, 105, Munji-ro, Yuseonggu, Daejeon 34056, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Oh
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Seunglok Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jeewon Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Yoon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
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3
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Valdez S, Robertson M, Qiang Z. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Measurements in Polymer Science: A Review. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200421. [PMID: 35689335 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a non-invasive characterization method for studying molecular structures and dynamics, providing high spatial resolution at nanometer scale. Over the past decades, FRET-based measurements are developed and widely implemented in synthetic polymer systems for understanding and detecting a variety of nanoscale phenomena, enabling significant advances in polymer science. In this review, the basic principles of fluorescence and FRET are briefly discussed. Several representative research areas are highlighted, where FRET spectroscopy and imaging can be employed to reveal polymer morphology and kinetics. These examples include understanding polymer micelle formation and stability, detecting guest molecule release from polymer host, characterizing supramolecular assembly, imaging composite interfaces, and determining polymer chain conformations and their diffusion kinetics. Finally, a perspective on the opportunities of FRET-based measurements is provided for further allowing their greater contributions in this exciting area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Valdez
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Mark Robertson
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
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4
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Güillen Obando A, Chen Y, Qiang Z. A simple route to prepare supramolecular block copolymers using telechelic polystyrene/polydimethylsiloxane pairs. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS USA
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5
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Picken S, Filonenko GA. Environmentally Sensitive Luminescence Reveals Spatial Confinement, Dynamics, and Their Molecular Weight Dependence in a Polymer Glass. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2021; 3:4977-4983. [PMID: 34661114 PMCID: PMC8506571 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polymer glasses have an irregular structure. Among the causes for such complexity are the chemically distinct chain end groups that are the most abundant irregularities in any linear polymer. In this work, we demonstrate that chain end induced defects allow polymer glasses to create confined environments capable of hosting small emissive molecules. Using environmentally sensitive luminescent complexes, we show that the size of these confinements depends on molecular weight and can dramatically affect the photoluminescence of free or covalently bound emissive complexes. We confirm the impact of chain end confinement on the bulk glass transition in poly(methyl acrylate) (pMA) and show that commonly observed T g changes induced by the chain ends should have a structural origin. Finally, we demonstrate that the size and placement of luminescent molecular probes in pMA can dramatically affect the probe luminescence and its temperature dependence, suggesting that polymer glass is a highly irregular and complex environment, marking its difference with conventional small molecule solvents. Considering the ubiquity of luminescent glassy materials, our work lays down a blueprint for designing them with structural considerations in mind, ones where packing density and chain end size are key factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen
J. Picken
- Advanced
Soft Matter and Inorganic Systems Engineering group, Department of
Chemical Engineering, Delft University of
Technology, van der Maasweg
9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Georgy A. Filonenko
- Advanced
Soft Matter and Inorganic Systems Engineering group, Department of
Chemical Engineering, Delft University of
Technology, van der Maasweg
9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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6
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Rigid amorphous fraction and crystallinity in cold-crystallized syndiotactic polystyrene: Characterization by differential scanning calorimetry. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Yang Y, Ye H, Zhu W, Zou X, Dong H. Polymer Product Design: Considering Detailed Polymer Attributes and Production Guidelines. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Haotian Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Weixuan Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiong Zou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongguang Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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8
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9
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Schlenoff JB, Akkaoui K. Dissecting Dynamics Near the Glass Transition Using Polyelectrolyte Complexes. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Schlenoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Khalil Akkaoui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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10
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Li L, Chen X, Jin K, Rusayyis MB, Torkelson JM. Arresting Elevated-Temperature Creep and Achieving Full Cross-Link Density Recovery in Reprocessable Polymer Networks and Network Composites via Nitroxide-Mediated Dynamic Chemistry. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingqiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kailong Jin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mohammed Bin Rusayyis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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11
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Yang X, Murphy LM, Haque FM, Grayson SM, Boydston AJ. A highly efficient metal-free protocol for the synthesis of linear polydicyclopentadiene. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00191d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a highly efficient synthesis of linear polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD) via photoredox mediated metal-free ring-opening metathesis polymerization (MF-ROMP) and investigated the Tg–Mn dependence of linear pDCPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejin Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
| | - Laura M. Murphy
- Division of Sciences and Mathematics
- School of Integrated Arts and Sciences
- University of Washington Tacoma
- Tacoma
- USA
| | - Farihah M. Haque
- Department of Chemistry
- Tulane University
- New Orleans
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
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12
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Yang Y, Zou X, Ye H, Zhu W, Dong H, Bi M. Modified Group Contribution Scheme to Predict the Glass-Transition Temperature of Homopolymers through a Limiting Property Dataset. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:29538-29546. [PMID: 33225185 PMCID: PMC7676332 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on glass-transition temperature (T g) prediction mainly focus on developing diverse methods with higher regression accuracy, but very little attention has been paid to the dataset. Generally, a large range of T g values of a specified polymer could be found in the literature but which one should be selected into a dataset merely depends on the implicit preference rather than a recognized and clear criterion. In this paper, limiting glass-transition temperature (T g(∞)), a constant value obtained at the infinite number-average molecular weight M n, was validated to be an adequate bridge index in the T g prediction models. Furthermore, a new dataset containing 198 polymers was established to predict T g(∞) using the improved group contribution method and it showed a good correlation (R 2 = 0.9925, adjusted R 2 = 0.9894). The method could also generate T g-M n curves by introducing the T g(∞) function and provide more information to polymer scientists and engineers for material selection, product design, and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University
of Technology, Linggong Road 2#, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Xiong Zou
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University
of Technology, Linggong Road 2#, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
- School
of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian
University of Technology, Linggong Road 2#, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Haotian Ye
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University
of Technology, Linggong Road 2#, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Weixuan Zhu
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University
of Technology, Linggong Road 2#, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Hongguang Dong
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University
of Technology, Linggong Road 2#, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Mingshu Bi
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University
of Technology, Linggong Road 2#, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
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13
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Han H, Li J, Huang W, Jiang Q, Jiang L, Xue X, Yang H, Jiang B. Initiation and Termination in Styrene Free‐Radical Polymerization Initiated by Redox Initiation. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Jianhan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Wenyan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Qimin Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Li Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Xiaoqiang Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Bibiao Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
- Changzhou University Huaide College Jingjiang 214500 China
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14
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Li L, Qiang Z, Chen X, Jin K, Wang M, Torkelson JM. Impact of bottlebrush chain architecture on
T
g
‐confinement and
fragility‐confinement
effects enabled by thermo‐cleavable bottlebrush polymers synthesized by radical coupling and atom transfer radical polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingqiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Zhe Qiang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Kailong Jin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Muzhou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
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15
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Singh M, Hu M, Cang Y, Hsu HP, Therien-Aubin H, Koynov K, Fytas G, Landfester K, Kremer K. Glass Transition of Disentangled and Entangled Polymer Melts: Single-Chain-Nanoparticles Approach. Macromolecules 2020; 53:7312-7321. [PMID: 32921812 PMCID: PMC7482400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We study the effect of entanglements on the glass transition of high molecular weight polymers, by the comparison of single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) and equilibrated melts of high-molecular weight polystyrene of identical molecular weight. SCNPs were prepared by electrospraying technique and characterized using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy techniques. Differential scanning calorimetry, Brillouin light spectroscopy, and rheological experiments around the glass transition were compared. In parallel, entangled and disentangled polymer melts were also compared under cooling from molecular dynamics simulations based on a bead-spring polymer model. While experiments suggest a small decrease in the glass transition temperature of films of nanoparticles in comparison to entangled melts, simulations do not observe any significant difference, despite rather different chain conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minghan Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yu Cang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hsiao-Ping Hsu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kurt Kremer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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16
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Peterson GI, Ko W, Hwang YJ, Choi TL. Mechanochemical Degradation of Amorphous Polymers with Ball-Mill Grinding: Influence of the Glass Transition Temperature. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory I. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Jin Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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17
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A facile end-functionalization of polystyrene by ATRP and click chemistry: Chain end effect on the glass transition temperature. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Liénard R, De Winter J, Coulembier O. Cyclic polymers: Advances in their synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Liénard
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM) Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons Mons Belgium
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S2MOs) Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry (CISMa), University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S2MOs) Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry (CISMa), University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Olivier Coulembier
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM) Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons Mons Belgium
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19
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Haque FM, Grayson SM. The synthesis, properties and potential applications of cyclic polymers. Nat Chem 2020; 12:433-444. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Ginzburg VV. A simple mean-field model of glassy dynamics and glass transition. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:810-825. [PMID: 31840706 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01575b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose a phenomenological model to describe the equilibrium dynamic behavior of amorphous glassy materials. It is assumed that a material can be represented by a lattice of cooperatively re-arranging regions (CRRs), with each CRR having two states, the low-temperature "solid" and the high-temperature "liquid". At low temperatures, the material exhibits two characteristic relaxation times, corresponding to the slow large-scale motion between the "solid" CRRs (α-relaxation) and the faster local motion within individual CRRs (β-relaxation). At high temperatures, the α- and β-relaxation times merge, as observed experimentally and suggested by the "Coupling Model" framework. Our new approach is labeled "Two-state, two (time)scale model" or TS2. It is shown that the TS2 treatment can successfully describe the "two-Arrhenius" relaxation time behavior described in several recent experiments. We also apply TS2 to describe the pressure- and molecular-weight dependence of the glass transition temperature in bulk polymers, as well as its dependence on film thickness in thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy V Ginzburg
- Core Research and Development, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48674, USA.
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21
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Gudeangadi PG, Uchida K, Tateishi A, Terada K, Masunaga H, Tsuchiya K, Miyakawa H, Numata K. Poly(alanine-nylon-alanine) as a bioplastic: chemoenzymatic synthesis, thermal properties and biological degradation effects. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00137f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Poly(amino acids) such as polypeptides and proteins are attractive biomass-based polymers that potentially contribute to circular economy for plastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant G. Gudeangadi
- Biomacromolecules Research Team
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Saitama
- Japan
| | - Kei Uchida
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education
- Utsunomiya University
- Tochigi 321-8505
- Japan
| | - Ayaka Tateishi
- Biomacromolecules Research Team
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Saitama
- Japan
| | - Kayo Terada
- Biomacromolecules Research Team
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Saitama
- Japan
| | | | - Kousuke Tsuchiya
- Biomacromolecules Research Team
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Saitama
- Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyakawa
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education
- Utsunomiya University
- Tochigi 321-8505
- Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules Research Team
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Saitama
- Japan
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22
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23
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Shmool TA, Zeitler JA. Insights into the structural dynamics of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid at terahertz frequencies. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01210e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of an amorphous copolymer are directly related to the dynamic processes occurring at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia A. Shmool
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB3 0AS
- UK
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB3 0AS
- UK
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24
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Li L, Marrou SR, Torkelson JM. Remarkable glass transition breadths up to 120 K exhibited by block-gradient copolymers and by gradient copolymers plasticized by oligomer. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Vogt BD. Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of confined amorphous polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D. Vogt
- Department of Polymer Engineering; University of Akron; Akron Ohio 44325
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26
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Zhang J, Deubler R, Hartlieb M, Martin L, Tanaka J, Patyukova E, Topham PD, Schacher FH, Perrier S. Evolution of Microphase Separation with Variations of Segments of Sequence-Controlled Multiblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elena Patyukova
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K
| | - Paul D. Topham
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K
| | | | - Sébastien Perrier
- Faculty of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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27
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Enhanced glass transition temperature of low molecular weight poly(methyl methacrylate) by initiator fragments located at chain ends. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Zhang L, Torkelson JM. Enhancement of Surface Wettability by Incorporating Polar Initiator Fragments at Chain Ends of Low-Molecular-Weight Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:12176-12181. [PMID: 28357852 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple methods for enhancing hydrophilicity of hydrocarbon polymers are of broad scientific and technological interest. Polystyrene was synthesized via free radical polymerization with initiator fragments incorporated at chain ends. Compared with high molecular weight polystyrene or chains with nonpolar ends, the dynamic receding water contact angle is reduced by as much as ∼30° in ∼4 kg/mol polystyrene with -COOH and nitrile chain ends. This remarkable enhancement results in surface hydrophilicity that is higher than that of poly(methyl methacrylate). This effective methodology incorporating polar moieties at chain ends of nonpolar polymers can be adapted to existing formulations for enhanced surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanhe Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John M Torkelson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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29
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Askar S, Li L, Torkelson JM. Polystyrene-Grafted Silica Nanoparticles: Investigating the Molecular Weight Dependence of Glass Transition and Fragility Behavior. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shadid Askar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and ‡Department of
Materials Science
and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lingqiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and ‡Department of
Materials Science
and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and ‡Department of
Materials Science
and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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30
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Zhang L, Elupula R, Grayson SM, Torkelson JM. Suppression of the Fragility-Confinement Effect via Low Molecular Weight Cyclic or Ring Polymer Topology. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravinder Elupula
- Department
of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Scott M. Grayson
- Department
of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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31
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Jin K, Torkelson JM. Enhanced Tg-Confinement Effect in Cross-Linked Polystyrene Compared to Its Linear Precursor: Roles of Fragility and Chain Architecture. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kailong Jin
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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