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Bin H, Li J, Caiazzo A, Wienk MM, Li Y, Janssen RAJ. Preparation of Efficient Organic Solar Cells Based on Terpolymer Donors via a Monomer-Ratio Insensitive Side-Chain Hybridization Strategy. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300006. [PMID: 36601966 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Creating new donor materials is crucial for further advancing organic solar cells. Random terpolymers have been adopted to overcome shortcomings of regular alternating donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers of which the performance is often susceptible to batch-to-batch variations. In general, the properties and performance of efficient D1 -A-D2 -A and D-A1 -D-A2 terpolymers are sensitive to the D1 /D2 or A1 /A2 monomer ratios. Side-chain hybridization is a strategy to address this problem. Here, six D1 -A-D2 -A-type random terpolymers comprising D1 and D2 monomers with the same π-conjugated D unit but with different side chains were synthesized. The side chains, containing either fluorine or trialkylsilyl substituents were chosen to provide near-identical optoelectronic properties but provide a tool to create a better-optimized film morphology when blended with a non-fullerene acceptor. This strategy allows improving the device performance to over 18 %, higher than that obtained with the corresponding D1 -A or D2 -A bipolymers (around 17 %). Hence, side-chain hybridization is a promising strategy to design efficient D1 -A-D2 -A terpolymer donors that are insensitive to the D1 /D2 monomer ratio, which is beneficial for the scaled-up synthesis of high-performance materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Bin
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R China
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB (The, Netherlands
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Li
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB (The, Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Caiazzo
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB (The, Netherlands
| | - Martijn M Wienk
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB (The, Netherlands
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - René A J Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB (The, Netherlands
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Eindhoven, 5612 AJ (The, Netherlands
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Crystallization of D-A Conjugated Polymers: A Review of Recent Research. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214612. [DOI: 10.3390/polym14214612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
D-A conjugated polymers are key materials for organic solar cells and organic thin-film transistors, and their film structure is one of the most important factors in determining device performance. The formation of film structure largely depends on the crystallization process, but the crystallization of D-A conjugated polymers is not well understood. In this review, we attempted to achieve a clearer understanding of the crystallization of D-A conjugated polymers. We first summarized the features of D-A conjugated polymers, which can affect their crystallization process. Then, the crystallization process of D-A conjugated polymers was discussed, including the possible chain conformations in the solution as well as the nucleation and growth processes. After that, the crystal structure of D-A conjugated polymers, including the molecular orientation and polymorphism, was reviewed. We proposed that the nucleation process and the orientation of the nuclei on the substrate are critical for the crystal structure. Finally, we summarized the possible crystal morphologies of D-A conjugated polymers and explained their formation process in terms of nucleation and growth processes. This review provides fundamental knowledge on how to manipulate the crystallization process of D-A conjugated polymers to regulate their film structure.
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Microscopic, Spectroscopic, and Electrochemical Characterization of Novel Semicrystalline Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-Based Dendritic Star Copolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204400. [PMID: 36297982 PMCID: PMC9607463 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, electron-donating semicrystalline generation 1 poly(propylene thiophenoimine)-co-poly(3-hexylthiophene) star copolymer, G1PPT-co-P3HT was chemically prepared for the first time. Copolymerization was achieved with high molecular weight via facile green oxidative reaction. 1H NMR analyses of the star copolymer demonstrated the presence of 84% regioregular (rr) head-to-tail (HT) P3HT, which accounts for the molecular ordering in some grain regions in the macromolecule’s morphology, as revealed by the high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) images, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) measurements. The star copolymer also exhibited good absorption properties in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and the near infrared (NIR) spectral regions, which give rise to an optical energy bandgap value as low as 1.43 eV. A HOMO energy level at −5.53 eV, which is below the air-oxidation threshold, was obtained by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) ascertained the semiconducting properties of the macromolecule, which is characterized by a charge transfer resistance, Rct, value of 3.57 kΩ and a Bode plot-phase angle value of 75°. The combination of the EIS properties of G1PPT-co-P3HT and its highly electron-donating capability in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) active layer containing a perylene derivative, as demonstrated by photoluminescence quenching coupled to the observed Förster Resonance charge transfer, suggests its suitability as an electron-donor material for optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices.
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4
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Effect of Polymer Chain Regularity on the Photovoltaic Performance of Organic Solar Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Heintges GL, Bolduc A, Meskers SCJ, Janssen RAJ. Relation between the Electronic Properties of Regioregular Donor-Acceptor Terpolymers and Their Binary Copolymers. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:3503-3516. [PMID: 32089763 PMCID: PMC7027170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b11562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
By analyzing the optical band gap and energy levels of seven different regioregular terpolymers in which two different electron-rich donor moieties are alternating with a common electron-deficient acceptor unit along the backbone, we establish a direct correlation with the properties of the corresponding binary copolymers in which one donor and one acceptor are combined. For this study, we use diketopyrrolopyrrole as the common acceptor and different π-conjugated aromatic oligomers as donors. We find that the optical band gap and frontier orbital energies of the terpolymers are the arithmetic average of those of the parent copolymers with remarkable accuracy. The same relationship is also found for the open-circuit voltage of the bulk heterojunction solar cells made with the ter- and copolymers in combination with [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester. Comparison of these findings with data in the literature suggests that this is a universal rule that can be used as a tool when designing new π-conjugated polymers. The experimental results are supported by a semiempirical quantum chemical model that accurately describes the energy levels of the terpolymers after parametrization on the energy levels of the copolymers and also provides a theoretical explanation for the observed arithmetic relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël
H. L. Heintges
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Design & Synthesis of Organic
Semiconductors (DSOS), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Andréanne Bolduc
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan C. J. Meskers
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch
Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612
AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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6
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Recent advances in molecular design of functional conjugated polymers for high-performance polymer solar cells. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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7
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Li D, Wang Q, Huang J, Wei C, Zhang W, Wang L, Yu G. Influence of Backbone Regioregularity on High-Mobility Conjugated Polymers Based on Alkylated Dithienylacrylonitrile. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:43416-43424. [PMID: 31645100 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized two donor-acceptor type conjugated polymers, the regioirregular polymer RI-PDPP-CNTVT-6 and its regioregular counterpart RR-PDPP-CNTVT-6, based on diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and alkylated dithienylacrylonitrile (CNTVT) units. Among them, the 2-decyltetradecyl side chain on the DPP acceptor unit and the hexyl side chain on the CNTVT donor unit were used to ensure enough solubility for them. The backbone regioregularity was used to tune electronic structures and carrier transport of the conjugated system. The two conjugated polymers were characterized for their thermal, photophysical, electrochemical, and solution-processable properties, thin-film microstructures, and morphologies. The top-gate bottom-contact configuration organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices based on these two conjugated polymers showed excellent ambipolar performances. Remarkably, the regioirregular polymer RI-PDPP-CNTVT-6 exhibited higher charge-carrier mobilities than the regioregular counterpart polymer RR-PDPP-CNTVT-6 did, as their highest hole/electron mobilities (μhmax/μemax) were 1.48/1.27 and 0.48/0.052 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively. Moreover, the influence of backbone regioregularity on its thermal stability, electrochemical and photophysical properties, solution processability, and charge-carrier mobility was intensively studied. Our results afforded a promising pathway toward the development of excellent ambipolar OFETs with high performance, good solution processability, and thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dizao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Jianyao Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Congyuan Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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8
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Dang D, Yu D, Wang E. Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Terpolymers Toward High-Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807019. [PMID: 30701605 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of conjugated alternating donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers with various electron-rich and electron-deficient units in polymer backbones has boosted the power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 17% for polymer solar cells (PSCs) over the past two decades. However, further enhancements in PCEs for PSCs are still imperative to compensate their imperfect stability for fulfilling practical applications. Meanwhile development of these alternating D-A copolymers is highly demanding in creative design and syntheses of novel D and/or A monomers. In this regard, when being possible to adopt an existing monomer unit as a third component from its libraries, either a D' unit or an A' moiety, to the parent D-A type polymer backbones to afford conjugated D-A terpolymers, it will give a facile and cost-effective method to improve their light absorption and tune energy levels and also interchain packing synergistically. Moreover, the rationally controlled stoichiometry for these components in such terpolymers also provides access for further fine-tuning these factors, thus resulting in high-performance PSCs. Herein, based on their unique features, the recent progress of conjugated D-A terpolymers for efficient PSCs is reviewed and it is discussed how these factors influence their photovoltaic performance, for providing useful guidelines to design new terpolymers toward high-efficiency PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Dang
- School of Science, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Donghong Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
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9
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Nowalk JA, Fang C, Short AL, Weiss RM, Swisher JH, Liu P, Meyer TY. Sequence-Controlled Polymers Through Entropy-Driven Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization: Theory, Molecular Weight Control, and Monomer Design. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5741-5752. [PMID: 30714723 PMCID: PMC6685222 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The bulk properties of a copolymer are directly affected by monomer sequence, yet efficient, scalable, and controllable syntheses of sequenced copolymers remain a defining challenge in polymer science. We have previously demonstrated, using polymers prepared by a step-growth synthesis, that hydrolytic degradation of poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid)s is dramatically affected by sequence. While much was learned, the step-growth mechanism gave no molecular weight control, unpredictable yields, and meager scalability. Herein, we describe the synthesis of closely related sequenced polyesters prepared by entropy-driven ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ED-ROMP) of strainless macromonomers with imbedded monomer sequences of lactic, glycolic, 6-hydroxy hexanoic, and syringic acids. The incorporation of ethylene glycol and metathesis linkers facilitated synthesis and provided the olefin functionality needed for ED-ROMP. Ring-closing to prepare the cyclic macromonomers was demonstrated using both ring-closing metathesis and macrolactonization reactions. Polymerization produced macromolecules with controlled molecular weights on a multigram scale. To further enhance molecular weight control, the macromonomers were prepared with cis-olefins in the metathesis-active segment. Under these selectivity-enhanced (SEED-ROMP) conditions, first-order kinetics and narrow dispersities were observed and the effect of catalyst initiation rate on the polymerization was investigated. Enhanced living character was further demonstrated through the preparation of block copolymers. Computational analysis suggested that the enhanced polymerization kinetics were due to the cis-macrocyclic olefin being less flexible and having a larger population of metathesis-reactive conformers. Although used for polyesters in this investigation, SEED-ROMP represents a general method for incorporation of sequenced segments into molecular weight-controlled polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Nowalk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Cheng Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Computational Modeling & Simulation Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260
| | - Amy L. Short
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ryan M. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jordan H. Swisher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Tara Yvonne Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219, United States
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10
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Kim SW, Kim H, Lee JW, Lee C, Lim B, Lee J, Lee Y, Kim BJ. Synergistic Effects of Terpolymer Regioregularity on the Performance of All-Polymer Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Woo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Honggi Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bogyu Lim
- Future Technology Research Center, Corporate R&D, LG Chem R&D Campus Seoul, LG Science Park, 30 Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07796, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaechol Lee
- Future Technology Research Center, Corporate R&D, LG Chem R&D Campus Seoul, LG Science Park, 30 Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07796, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngu Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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11
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Li Z, Liu C, Gan G, Sun N, Li X, Tong Y, Wang H, Hao Y. Regio-asymmetric polymers based on fluorinated benzothiadiazole–benzodithiophene for polymer solar cells with a high open-circuit voltage. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Regio-asymmetric polymer PR2F-based devices with SVA exhibited an appreciable PCE of 4.73% with a high VOC of 0.98 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System
- Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
| | - Caijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System
- Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
| | - Guoyue Gan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System
- Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
| | - Na Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System
- Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
| | - Xueqiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System
- Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
| | - Yahui Tong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System
- Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- P. R. China
| | - Yuying Hao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System
- Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
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12
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Lee M, Kim T, Nguyen HVT, Cho HW, Lee KK, Choi JH, Kim B, Kim JY. Regio-regular alternating diketopyrrolopyrrole-based D1–A–D2–A terpolymers for the enhanced performance of polymer solar cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:42096-42109. [PMID: 35542833 PMCID: PMC9076513 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08858j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed and synthesized regio-regular alternating diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based D1–A–D2–A terpolymers (PDPPF2T2DPP-T2, PDPPF2T2DPP-TVT, and PDPPF2T2DPP-DTT) using a primary donor (D1) [3,3′-difluoro-2,2′-bithiophene (F2T2)] and a secondary donor (D2) [2,2′-bithiophene (T2), (E)-1,2-di(thiophen-2-yl)ethene (TVT), or dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene (DTT)]. A PDPP2DT-F2T2 D–A polymer was synthesized as well to compare optical, electronic, and photovoltaic properties. The absorption peaks of the terpolymers (PDPPF2T2DPP-T2, PDPPF2T2DPP-TVT, and PDPPF2T2DPP-DTT) were longer (λmax = 801–810 nm) than the peak of the PDPP2DT-F2T2 polymer (λmax = 799 nm), which is associated with the high-lying HOMO levels of the terpolymers (−5.08 to −5.13 eV) compared with the level of the PDPP2DT-F2T2 polymer (−5.38 eV). The photovoltaic properties of these DPP-based polymers were investigated under simulated AM 1.5G sunlight (100 mW cm−2) with a conventional structure (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer:PC71BM/Al). The open-circuit voltages (Voc) of photovoltaic devices containing the terpolymers were slightly lower (0.68–0.70 V) than the Voc of the device containing the PDPP2DT-F2T2 polymer (0.79 V). The short-circuit current (Jsc) of the PDPPF2T2DPP-DTT device was significantly improved (14.14 mA cm−2) compared with that of the PDPP2DT-F2T2 device (8.29 mA cm−2). As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PDPPF2T2DPP-DTT device (6.35%) was increased by 33% compared with that of the simple D–A-type PDPP2DT-F2T2 device (4.78%). The highest Jsc and PCE values (the PDPPF2T2DPP-DTT device) were attributed to an optimal nanoscopically mixed morphology and strong interchain packing with a high face-on orientation in the blend film state. The study demonstrated that our strategy of using multiple donors in a regio-regular alternating fashion could fine-tune the optical, electronic, and morphological properties of D–A-type polymers, enhancing the performance of polymer solar cells. We designed and synthesized regio-regular alternating diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based D1–A–D2–A terpolymers (PDPPF2T2DPP-T2, PDPPF2T2DPP-TVT, and PDPPF2T2DPP-DTT) for use in polymer solar cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjae Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seongbuk-gu
- Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyo Kim
- Green Materials and Processes Group
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology
- Ulsan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hoai Van T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry
- Kunsan National University
- Gunsan-si
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Cho
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Koo Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Kunsan National University
- Gunsan-si
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seongbuk-gu
- Republic of Korea
| | - BongSoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
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13
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Swisher JH, Nowalk JA, Meyer TY. Property impact of common linker segments in sequence-controlled polyesters. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01443d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Linker segments in sequence controlled polyester backbones significantly affect thermal, mechanical and degradation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamie A. Nowalk
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Tara Y. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
- McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine
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14
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Zhao J, Zhao S, Xu Z, Song D, Qiao B, Huang D, Zhu Y, Li Y, Li Z, Qin Z. Highly Efficient and Operational Stability Polymer Solar Cells Employing Nonhalogenated Solvents and Additives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:24075-24081. [PMID: 29931976 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of potential polymer solar cells have been shown to rapidly exceed 15%. However, these high-performance devices are based on halogenated solvents that pose a significant hazard to the atmospheric environment and human beings. The use of nonhalogenated solvents makes the device less efficient because of its solubility issues. In this work, we report high-efficiency devices utilizing PffBT4T-2OD and [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester system from nonhalogenated solvents such as o-xylene ( o-XY) and 1-methylnaphthalene (Me) hydrocarbon solvent. When Me was used as the additive, the PCE of prepared devices improved from 1.83 to 10.13%, which is rather higher than that of the devices processed with traditional solvents combined with chlorobenzene and 1,8-diiodooctane (8.18%). Both atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that after nonhalogen solvents are treated, a more finely phase-separated dense morphology of active layers than after halogen solvents. At the same time, grazing incident wide-angle X-ray scattering patterns show that the combination of nonhalogenated solvents o-XY and Me ingeniously formed an ordered crystal and π-π stacking. Also, the stability of devices prepared from nonhalogenated solvents was significantly better than that of halogenated solvents under continuous illumination in the air without encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100044 , China
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , China
| | - Suling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100044 , China
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100044 , China
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , China
| | - Dandan Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100044 , China
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , China
| | - Bo Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100044 , China
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , China
| | - Di Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100044 , China
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , China
| | - Youqin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100044 , China
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100044 , China
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , China
| | - Zicha Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100044 , China
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , China
| | - Zilun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100044 , China
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , China
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15
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Effect of non-covalent interactions on molecular stacking and photovoltaic properties in organic photovoltaics. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Heo H, Kim H, Nam G, Lee D, Lee Y. Multi-Donor Random Terpolymers Based on Benzodithiophene and Dithienosilole Segments with Different Monomer Compositions for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells. Macromol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-018-6030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Opoku H, Lee JY, Cho K, Nketia-Yawson B, Lim B, Noh YY. Conjugated Side Chain Tuning Effect of Indacenodithieno[3,2-b
]thiophene and Fluoro-Benzothiadiazole-Based Regioregular Copolymers for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Opoku
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering; Dongguk University; 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil Jung-gu Seoul 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Future Technology Research Center; Corporate R&D; LG Chem Research Park; 188, Moonji-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34122 Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Cho
- Future Technology Research Center; Corporate R&D; LG Chem Research Park; 188, Moonji-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34122 Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin Nketia-Yawson
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering; Dongguk University; 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil Jung-gu Seoul 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - Bogyu Lim
- Future Technology Research Center; Corporate R&D; LG Chem Research Park; 188, Moonji-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34122 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering; Dongguk University; 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil Jung-gu Seoul 04620 Republic of Korea
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18
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Reorientation of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -3-hydroxyhexanoate) crystal in thin film induced by polyethylene glycol. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Cai Y, Huo L, Sun Y. Recent Advances in Wide-Bandgap Photovoltaic Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605437. [PMID: 28370466 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed significant advances in the field of organic solar cells (OSCs). Ongoing improvements in the power conversion efficiency of OSCs have been achieved, which were mainly attributed to the design and synthesis of novel conjugated polymers with different architectures and functional moieties. Among various conjugated polymers, the development of wide-bandgap (WBG) polymers has received less attention than that of low-bandgap and medium-bandgap polymers. Here, we briefly summarize recent advances in WBG polymers and their applications in organic photovoltaic (PV) devices, such as tandem, ternary, and non-fullerene solar cells. Addtionally, we also dissuss the application of high open-circuit voltage tandem solar cells in PV-driven electrochemical water dissociation. We mainly focus on the molecular design strategies, the structure-property correlations, and the photovoltaic performance of these WBG polymers. Finally, we extract empirical regularities and provide invigorating perspectives on the future development of WBG photovoltaic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Cai
- Heeger Beijing Research and Development Center, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Huo
- Heeger Beijing Research and Development Center, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Sun
- Heeger Beijing Research and Development Center, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
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20
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Genene Z, Wang J, Xu X, Yang R, Mammo W, Wang E. A comparative study of the photovoltaic performances of terpolymers and ternary systems. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01418j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpolymer systems were realized as a good strategy to combine two incompatible polymers as compared to ternary systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewdneh Genene
- Department of Chemistry
- Addis Ababa University
- Addis Ababa
- Ethiopia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Junyi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-412 96 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Renqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- China
| | | | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-412 96 Göteborg
- Sweden
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21
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Keshtov ML, Khokhlov AR, Kuklin SA, Chen FC, Koukaras EN, Sharma GD. New D-A1-D-A2-Type Regular Terpolymers Containing Benzothiadiazole and Benzotrithiophene Acceptor Units for Photovoltaic Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32998-33009. [PMID: 27934138 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Two novel regular terpolymers that are of D-A1-D-A2 type and contain benzothiadiazole and 2,5-dibromo-8-dodecanoylbenzo[1,2-b:3,4-b':5,6-d″]trithiophene (P1) or 2,8-dibromo-5-dodecanoylbenzene[1,2-b:3,4-b':5,6-d″]trithiophene (P2) acceptor units with the same thiophene donor were synthesized through Stille coupling, and their optical and electrochemical properties were investigated. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied (LUMO) molecular orbital energy levels of these terpolymers indicate that there is sufficient LUMO offset with PCBM for efficient exciton dissociation, and their deeper HOMO levels ensure the high open-circuit voltage for the resultant bulk heterojunction solar cells. Measurements on the solar cell devices also confirm that compared to those based on P2 the devices based on P1 possess a higher short-circuit photocurrent (Jsc) as well as a higher fill factor (FF), which is attributed to the lower bandgap and higher hole mobility for P1, whereas the Voc is higher for the devices that are based on P2, which may be a result of P2 having a lower HOMO energy level than P1. The optimized polymer solar cells fabricated using P1:PC71BM (DIO/CF) and P2:PC71BM (CF/DIO) for the active layers showed a PCE of 7.19% and 6.34%, respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of P1:PC71BM blend films show that they exhibit more suitable morphology with favorable interpenetrating networks, which favors high Jsc and FF. Moreover, P1 exhibits a more crystalline nature than P2 that also favors the charge transport. This may be a result of better molecular packing, more distinct phase separation of the blended films, as well as a reduction of charge recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhamed L Keshtov
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Vavilova St., 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexei R Khokhlov
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Vavilova St., 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Serge A Kuklin
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Vavilova St., 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Fang-Chung Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Emmanuel N Koukaras
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras , Patras 26500 GR, Greece
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Patras , Patras 26500 GR, Greece
| | - Ganesh D Sharma
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute for Information Technology , Jamdoli, Jaipur, India
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