1
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Bossion A, Zhu C, Guerassimoff L, Mougin J, Nicolas J. Vinyl copolymers with faster hydrolytic degradation than aliphatic polyesters and tunable upper critical solution temperatures. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2873. [PMID: 35610204 PMCID: PMC9130262 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinyl polymers are the focus of intensive research due to their ease of synthesis and the possibility of making well-defined, functional materials. However, their non-degradability leads to environmental problems and limits their use in biomedical applications, allowing aliphatic polyesters to still be considered as the gold standards. Radical ring-opening polymerization of cyclic ketene acetals is considered the most promising approach to impart degradability to vinyl polymers. However, these materials still exhibit poor hydrolytic degradation and thus cannot yet compete with traditional polyesters. Here we show that a simple copolymerization system based on acrylamide and cyclic ketene acetals leads to well-defined and cytocompatible copolymers with faster hydrolytic degradation than that of polylactide and poly(lactide-co-glycolide). Moreover, by changing the nature of the cyclic ketene acetal, the copolymers can be either water-soluble or can exhibit tunable upper critical solution temperatures relevant for mild hyperthermia-triggered drug release. Amphiphilic diblock copolymers deriving from this system can also be formulated into degradable, thermosensitive nanoparticles by an all-water nanoprecipitation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Bossion
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Chen Zhu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Léa Guerassimoff
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Julie Mougin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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2
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Playing construction with the monomer toy box for the synthesis of multi‐stimuli responsive copolymers by reversible deactivation radical polymerization protocols. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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3
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Kumar R, Santa Chalarca CF, Bockman MR, Bruggen CV, Grimme CJ, Dalal RJ, Hanson MG, Hexum JK, Reineke TM. Polymeric Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11527-11652. [PMID: 33939409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of genome editing has transformed the therapeutic landscape for several debilitating diseases, and the clinical outlook for gene therapeutics has never been more promising. The therapeutic potential of nucleic acids has been limited by a reliance on engineered viral vectors for delivery. Chemically defined polymers can remediate technological, regulatory, and clinical challenges associated with viral modes of gene delivery. Because of their scalability, versatility, and exquisite tunability, polymers are ideal biomaterial platforms for delivering nucleic acid payloads efficiently while minimizing immune response and cellular toxicity. While polymeric gene delivery has progressed significantly in the past four decades, clinical translation of polymeric vehicles faces several formidable challenges. The aim of our Account is to illustrate diverse concepts in designing polymeric vectors towards meeting therapeutic goals of in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy. Here, we highlight several classes of polymers employed in gene delivery and summarize the recent work on understanding the contributions of chemical and architectural design parameters. We touch upon characterization methods used to visualize and understand events transpiring at the interfaces between polymer, nucleic acids, and the physiological environment. We conclude that interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies motivated by fundamental questions are key to designing high-performing polymeric vehicles for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Matthew R Bockman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Craig Van Bruggen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian J Grimme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rishad J Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mckenna G Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph K Hexum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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4
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Pesenti T, Nicolas J. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Degradable Polymers from Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization: Latest Advances, New Directions, and Ongoing Challenges. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1812-1835. [PMID: 35653672 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP) allows facile incorporation of labile groups (e.g., ester) into the main chain of vinyl polymers to obtain (bio)degradable materials. rROP has focused a lot of attention especially since the advent of reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) techniques and is still incredibly moving forward, as attested by the numerous achievements in terms of monomer synthesis, macromolecular engineering, and potential biomedical applications of the resulting degradable polymers. In the present Viewpoint, we will cover the latest progress made in rROP in the last ∼5 years, such as its recent directions, its remaining limitations, and the ongoing challenges. More specifically, this will be achieved through the three different classes of monomers that recently caught most of the attention: cyclic ketene acetals (CKA), thionolactones, and macrocyclic monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Pesenti
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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5
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François F, Nicolas C, Forcher G, Fontaine L, Montembault V. Poly(norbornenyl azlactone) as a versatile platform for sequential double click postpolymerization modification. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Fitzgerald ER, Mineo AM, Pryor ML, Buck ME. Photomediated post-fabrication modification of azlactone-functionalized gels for the development of hydrogel actuators. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6044-6049. [PMID: 32638814 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00832j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report an approach for the photomediated post-fabrication modification of reactive, azlactone-containing gels using light-initiated deprotection of amines caged with 2-(nitrophenyl)propyloxycarbonyl (NPPOC). Photomediated modification of these gels can be used to generate a gradient in chemical functionality. When functionalized with tertiary amine groups, these gradient gels exhibit rapid and reversible shape deformations in response to changes in pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Fitzgerald
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, USA.
| | - Autumn M Mineo
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, USA.
| | - Mae L Pryor
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, USA.
| | - Maren E Buck
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, USA.
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7
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Joubert F, Pasparakis G. Well‐defined backbone degradable polymer–drug conjugates synthesized by reversible
addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer
polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Joubert
- School of PharmacyUniversity College London London United Kingdom
| | - George Pasparakis
- School of PharmacyUniversity College London London United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Patras Caratheodory 1, Patras Greece
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8
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Zeng T, You W, Chen G, Nie X, Zhang Z, Xia L, Hong C, Chen C, You Y. Degradable PE-Based Copolymer with Controlled Ester Structure Incorporation by Cobalt-Mediated Radical Copolymerization under Mild Condition. iScience 2020; 23:100904. [PMID: 32106055 PMCID: PMC7044514 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most widely used materials in the world, but it is virtually undegradable and quickly accumulates in nature, which may contaminate the environment. We utilized the cobalt-mediated radical copolymerization (CMRP) of ethylene and cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs) to effectively incorporate ester groups into PE backbone as cleavable structures to make PE-based copolymer degradable under mild conditions. The content of ethylene and ester units in the produced copolymer could be finely regulated by CKA concentration or ethylene pressure. Also, the copolymerization of ethylene and CKA with other functional vinyl monomers can produce functional and degradable PE-based copolymer. All the formed PE-based copolymers could degrade in the presence of trimethylamine (Et3N).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyou Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei You
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xuan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Lei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chunyan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Changle Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Yezi You
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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9
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Leiske MN, Mahmoud AM, Warne NM, Goos JACM, Pascual S, Montembault V, Fontaine L, Davis TP, Whittaker MR, Kempe K. Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) – a structural analogue to poly(vinyl azlactone) with Orthogonal Reactivity. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00861c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A modular copolymer platform based on two oxazole derivatives is presented. Post-polymerisation modifications revealed the potential to selectively modify the individual side groups, providing access to functional copolymer libraries in the future.
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10
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Abstract
This review discusses the history of reversible-deactivation radical ring-opening polymerization of cyclic ketene acetals, focusing on the preparation of degradable complex polymeric architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W. Jackson
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Engineering (A*Star)
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES)
- Functional Molecules and Polymers (FMP) Division
- Jurong Island
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11
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Guo X, Carter MCD, Appadoo V, Lynn DM. Tunable and Selective Degradation of Amine-Reactive Multilayers in Acidic Media. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3464-3474. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanrong Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew C. D. Carter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Visham Appadoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - David M. Lynn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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12
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Xu P, Huang X, Pan X, Li N, Zhu J, Zhu X. Hyperbranched Polycaprolactone through RAFT Polymerization of 2-Methylene-1,3-dioxepane. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11020318. [PMID: 30960302 PMCID: PMC6419385 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbranched polycaprolactone with controlled structure was synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer radical ring-opening polymerization along with self-condensed vinyl polymerization (SCVP) of 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (MDO). Vinyl 2-[(ethoxycarbonothioyl) sulfanyl] propanoate (ECTVP) was used as polymerizable chain transfer agent. Living polymerization behavior was proved via pseudo linear kinetics, the molecular weight of polymers increasing with conversion and successful chain extension. The structure of polymers was characterized by ¹H NMR spectroscopy, tripe detection gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. The polymer composition was shown to be able to tune to vary the amount of ester repeat units in the polymer backbone, and hence determine the degree of branching. As expected, the degree of crystallinity was lower and the rate of degradation was faster in cases of increasing the number of branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Jiangsu Litian Technology Co. Ltd., Rudong County, Jiangsu 226407, China.
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Na Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Global Institute of Software Technology, No 5. Qingshan Road, Suzhou National Hi-Tech District, Suzhou 215163, China.
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Radical Copolymerization of Vinyl Ethers and Cyclic Ketene Acetals as a Versatile Platform to Design Functional Polyesters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Tardy A, Honoré JC, Tran J, Siri D, Delplace V, Bataille I, Letourneur D, Perrier J, Nicoletti C, Maresca M, Lefay C, Gigmes D, Nicolas J, Guillaneuf Y. Radical Copolymerization of Vinyl Ethers and Cyclic Ketene Acetals as a Versatile Platform to Design Functional Polyesters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16515-16520. [PMID: 29105983 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Free-radical copolymerization of cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs) and vinyl ethers (VEs) was investigated as an efficient yet simple approach for the preparation of functional aliphatic polyesters. The copolymerization of CKA and VE was first predicted to be quasi-ideal by DFT calculations. The theoretical prediction was experimentally confirmed by the copolymerization of 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (MDO) and butyl vinyl ether (BVE), leading to rMDO =0.73 and rBVE =1.61. We then illustrated the versatility of this approach by preparing different functional polyesters: 1) copolymers functionalized by fluorescent probes; 2) amphiphilic copolymers grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains able to self-assemble into PEGylated nanoparticles; 3) antibacterial films active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (including a multiresistant strain); and 4) cross-linked bioelastomers with suitable properties for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Tardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Claude Honoré
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273, Marseille, France
| | - Johanna Tran
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Didier Siri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273, Marseille, France
| | - Vianney Delplace
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Isabelle Bataille
- Laboratoire de recherche vasculaire translationnelle, INSERM 1148, University Paris 13 &, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Didier Letourneur
- Laboratoire de recherche vasculaire translationnelle, INSERM 1148, University Paris 13 &, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Josette Perrier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, UMR 7313, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Cendrine Nicoletti
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, UMR 7313, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, UMR 7313, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Lefay
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Yohann Guillaneuf
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273, Marseille, France
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Tardy A, Nicolas J, Gigmes D, Lefay C, Guillaneuf Y. Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization: Scope, Limitations, and Application to (Bio)Degradable Materials. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1319-1406. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Tardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
UMR 7273, campus Saint Jérôme,
Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Case 542, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté
de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
UMR 7273, campus Saint Jérôme,
Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Case 542, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Catherine Lefay
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
UMR 7273, campus Saint Jérôme,
Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Case 542, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Yohann Guillaneuf
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
UMR 7273, campus Saint Jérôme,
Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Case 542, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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