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Lee GR, Lee EJ, Shin HS, Kim J, Kim I, Hong SC. Preparation of Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes from Mixed Cyclic-Carbonated Compounds: Soybean Oil and CO 2-Based Poly(ether carbonate). Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1171. [PMID: 38675090 PMCID: PMC11053720 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents the synthesis and characterization of non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU) derived from the copolymerization of cyclic-carbonated soybean oil (CSBO) and cyclic carbonate (CC)-terminated poly(ether carbonate) (RCC). Using a double-metal cyanide catalyst, poly(ether carbonate) polyol was first synthesized through the copolymerization of carbon dioxide and propylene oxide. The terminal hydroxyl group was then subjected to a substitution reaction with a five-membered CC group using glycerol-1,2-carbonate and oxalyl chloride, yielding RCC. Attempts to prepare NIPU solely using RCC and diamine were unsuccessful, possibly due to the low CC functionality and the aminolysis of RCC's linear carbonate repeating units. However, when combined with CSBO, solid NIPUs were successfully obtained, exhibiting good thermal stability along with enhanced mechanical properties compared to conventional CSBO-based NIPU formulations. Overall, this study underscores the potential of leveraging renewable resources and carbon capture technologies to develop sustainable NIPUs with tailored properties, thereby expanding their range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Ram Lee
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (G.R.L.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Eun Jong Lee
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (G.R.L.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Hye Sun Shin
- Industrial Gas Research TF Team, Particulate Matter Research Center, Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology (RIST), 187-12 Geumho-ro, Gwangyang-si 57801, Republic of Korea; (H.S.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Joonwoo Kim
- Industrial Gas Research TF Team, Particulate Matter Research Center, Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology (RIST), 187-12 Geumho-ro, Gwangyang-si 57801, Republic of Korea; (H.S.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Il Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Chul Hong
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (G.R.L.); (E.J.L.)
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2
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Ferrier RC, Kumbhar G, Crum-Dacon S, Lynd NA. A guide to modern methods for poly(thio)ether synthesis using Earth-abundant metals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12390-12410. [PMID: 37753731 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03046f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Polyethers and polythioethers have a long and storied history dating back to the start of polymer science as a distinct field. As such, these materials have been utilized in a wide range of commercial applications and fundamental studies. The breadth of their material properties and the contexts in which they are applied is ultimately owed to their diverse monomer pre-cursors, epoxides and thiiranes, respectively. The facile polymerization of these monomers, both historically and contemporaneously, across academia and industry, has occurred through the use of Earth-abundant metals as catalysts and/or initiators. Despite this, polymerization methods for these monomers are underutilized compared to other monomer classes like cyclic olefins, vinyls, and (meth)acrylates. We feel a focused review that clearly outlines the benefits and shortcomings of extant synthetic methods for poly(thio)ethers along with their proposed mechanisms and quirks will help facilitate the utilization of these methods and by extension the unique polymer materials they create. Therefore, this Feature Article briefly describes the applications of poly(thio)ethers before discussing the feature-set of each poly(thio)ether synthetic method and qualitatively scoring them on relevant metrics (e.g., ease-of-use, molecular weight control, etc.) to help would-be poly(thio)ether-makers find an appropriate synthetic approach. The article is concluded with a look ahead at the future of poly(thio)ether synthesis with Earth-abundant metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Ferrier
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, East Lansing MI, USA.
| | - Gouree Kumbhar
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, East Lansing MI, USA.
| | - Shaylynn Crum-Dacon
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, East Lansing MI, USA.
| | - Nathaniel A Lynd
- University of Texas-Austin, McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Austin, TX, USA
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3
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Zhang C, Geng X, Zhang X, Gnanou Y, Feng X. Alkyl Borane-Mediated Metal-Free Ring-Opening (Co)Polymerizations of Oxygenated Monomers. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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4
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Zhuo C, Cao H, Wang X, Liu S, Wang X. Polymeric aluminum porphyrin: Controllable synthesis of ultra-low molecular weight CO2-based polyols. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Sun Z, Qi M. High separation performance of carbon dioxide-based poly(ether-carbonate) copolymer for gas chromatographic analyses. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1682:463493. [PMID: 36166885 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the investigation of a novel CO2-based poly(ether-carbonate) copolymer, namely poly(propylene ether-carbonate)diol (PPCD), for gas chromatographic (GC) analyses. The PPCD column exhibited column efficiency of 4000 plates/m determined by naphthalene at 120 ℃ with the retention factor 6.23. Its separation performance was investigated by adopting a wide variety of analytes and isomers, including the isomer mixtures of alkanes, substituted benzene isomers with diverse groups, phenols and anilines, and the mixtures of organic solvents of high volatility, aliphatic amines and N-heterocycles. As a result, the PPCD column displayed distinctly higher resolving capability than the commercial columns described herein and achieved high column inertness towards acidic/basic analytes without involving any deactivation procedure. Additionally, it displayed excellent separation repeatability and reproducibility with the relative standard deviation (RSD) values less than 0.01% for within-day and in the range of 0.26% - 0.36% for between-day and 3.0% - 4.1% for between-column (n = 4). Further, the PPCD column (30 m) was used to GC-MS analysis of the lemongrass essential oil and resolved more components well than the indicated commercial columns, evidencing its outstanding separation performance for analyses of complex samples. Up to date, the CO2-based poly(ether-carbonate) copolymers are not reported in the field of chromatography. This work demonstrates their promising future as a new type of selective and inert stationary phases for practical GC analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Meiling Qi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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6
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Piao X, Guo H, Cao Y, Wang Z, Jin C. Preparation and exploration of multifunctional wood coating based on an interpenetrating network system of CO2-polyurethane and natural bio-based benzoxazine. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Piao X, Guo H, Cao Y, Wang Z, Jin C. Exploration of multifunctional wood coating based on an interpenetrating network system of rosin-CO 2-based polyurethane and mussel bionic rosin-based benzoxazine. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6939-6945. [PMID: 36040715 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01535h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) prepared by blending rosin base and CO2-polyol already has good mechanical properties and hydrophobic effect and has powerful benefits in acid and alkali resistance and salt resistance. In this study, mussel bionic rosin-based benzoxazine (BZ) was synthesized using dehydroabietylamine, catechol, and paraformaldehyde. Mixing BZ into PU can endow the resulting PU/BZ with special effects such as zero curing shrinkage, excellent mechanical behavior, and flame retardancy through a 3D interpenetrating network system. From the results, the modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of PU wood coatings are 97.04 and 2601.97 MPa, respectively; in contrast, the PU/BZ wood coatings exhibited higher values of MOR and MOE of 110.87 and 2738.11 MPa. PU/BZ wood coatings show higher flexural strength and elastic modulus. They are also stronger than PU coatings in terms of acid/alkali and aging resistance. At the same time, the coating is endowed with flame retardant properties, and the LOI is 30.2 due to the presence of BZ. Thus, PU/BZ can be a versatile and practical wood coating. The interpenetrating network system of PU/BZ has an innovative impact on the preparation of wood coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Piao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, P. R. China.
| | - Hanxiang Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, P. R. China.
| | - Yizhong Cao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, P. R. China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, P. R. China.
| | - Chunde Jin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, P. R. China.
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8
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Mao H, Chen C, Guo L, Rwei S. Tunable shape memory property polyurethane with high glass transition temperature composed of polycarbonate diols. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsu‐I Mao
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chin‐Wen Chen
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Li‐Yin Guo
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Syang‐Peng Rwei
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan
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9
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Hoffmann M, Hermesmann M, Leven M, Leitner W, Müller TE. Semi-Crystalline Polyoxymethylene- co-Polyoxyalkylene Multi-Block Telechels as Building Blocks for Polyurethane Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:882. [PMID: 35267705 PMCID: PMC8912848 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxy-terminated polyoxymethylene-co-polyoxyalkylene multi-block telechels were obtained by a new methodology that allows for the formal substituting of ether units in polyether polyols with oxymethylene moieties. An interesting feature is that, unlike carbonate groups in polycarbonate and polyethercarbonate polyols, homopolymer blocks of polyoxymethylene moieties can be formed. The regular nature of polyoxymethylene blocks imparts a certain crystallinity to the polymer that can give rise to new properties of polyurethanes derived from such telechels. The synthesis, reaction sequence and kinetics of the formation of oligomeric hydroxy-terminated multi-block telechel polyoxymethylene moieties are discussed in this paper and the preparation of a polyurethane material is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hoffmann
- CAT Catalytic Center, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Matthias Hermesmann
- Carbon Sources and Conversion, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Matthias Leven
- CAT Catalytic Center, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.L.); (W.L.)
- Covestro Deutschland AG, COV-CCO-PUR-R&D-EMEA-DRDII, B108, 51365 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Walter Leitner
- CAT Catalytic Center, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.L.); (W.L.)
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34–36, 45470 Mulheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Thomas Ernst Müller
- CAT Catalytic Center, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.L.); (W.L.)
- Carbon Sources and Conversion, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
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10
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Cao H, Zhang R, Zhou Z, Liu S, Tao Y, Wang F, Wang X. On-Demand Transformation of Carbon Dioxide into Polymers Enabled by a Comb-Shaped Metallic Oligomer Catalyst. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Cao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Shunjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Fosong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
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11
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Klinger M, Bachmann R, Jupke A. Molecular Weight Distribution in Di Metal Cyanide Catalyzed Polymerization 2: Numerical Simulation of Chain Activation/Deactivation and Diffusion Effects. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.202100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Klinger
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT) RWTH Aachen University Aachen 52074 Germany
| | - Rolf Bachmann
- Covestro Deutschland AG Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Allee 60 Leverkusen 51373 Germany
| | - Andreas Jupke
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT) RWTH Aachen University Aachen 52074 Germany
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12
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Wei XY, Ren L, Sun YN, Zhang XY, Guan XF, Zhang MY, Zhang HX. Sustainable composites from biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) modified with thermoplastic starch and poly(butylene adipate- co-terephthalate): preparation and performance. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A ternary blend of biodegradable polymers, namely PBS-g-GMA, thermoplastic starch (TPS) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), was successfully fabricated attempt to achieve novel biodegradable composites with comprehensive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Y. Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Polymer Materials Synthesis and Application Technology, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - L. Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Polymer Materials Synthesis and Application Technology, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Y. N. Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Polymer Materials Synthesis and Application Technology, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - X. Y. Zhang
- Guangzhou Suoersen Material Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - X. F. Guan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Polymer Materials Synthesis and Application Technology, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - M. Y. Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Polymer Materials Synthesis and Application Technology, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - H. X. Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Polymer Materials Synthesis and Application Technology, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
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13
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Patil N, Bhoopathi S, Chidara V, Hadjichristidis N, Gnanou Y, Feng X. Recycling a Borate Complex for Synthesis of Polycarbonate Polyols: Towards an Environmentally Friendly and Cost-Effective Process. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5080-5087. [PMID: 32691981 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, a metal-free process was developed that enables the synthesis of poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) diols/polyols by copolymerization of CO2 with propylene epoxide (PO) under environmentally friendly and cost-effective conditions. This process implies the recycling of triethylborane and of ammonium salts that both enter in the composition of the initiators used to copolymerize CO2 and PO. In complement to the above approach, a polymeric support, poly(diallyl dimethylammonium chloride), was synthesized and modified to carry ammonium carboxylate salts along its chain. The prepared polymeric initiator was utilized to copolymerize CO2 with PO under heterogeneous conditions. Not only were the polymerization results similar to the samples obtained under homogeneous conditions, but the polymer substrate could easily be recovered by simple filtration. The integrity of the polycarbonate diols/polyols and the recycling process were followed by 1 H and 11 B NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naganath Patil
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Senthil Bhoopathi
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vamshi Chidara
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoshuang Feng
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Böhm K, Maerten SG, Liauw MA, Müller TE. Exploring the Sequence of Comonomer Insertion into Growing Poly(ether carbonate) Chains with Monte Carlo Methods. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Böhm
- CAT Catalytic Center, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Marcel A. Liauw
- ITMC, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Ernst Müller
- CAT Catalytic Center, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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15
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Gong R, Cao H, Zhang H, Qiao L, Wang F, Wang X. Terminal Hydrophilicity-Induced Dispersion of Cationic Waterborne Polyurethane from CO 2-Based Polyol. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Runan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han Cao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hongming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Lijun Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Fosong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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16
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Eling B, Tomović Ž, Schädler V. Current and Future Trends in Polyurethanes: An Industrial Perspective. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Berend Eling
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH Elastogranstr. 60 Lemförde 49448 Germany
| | - Željko Tomović
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH Elastogranstr. 60 Lemförde 49448 Germany
| | - Volker Schädler
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH Elastogranstr. 60 Lemförde 49448 Germany
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17
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Buchner GA, Wulfes N, Schomäcker R. Techno-economic assessment of CO2-containing polyurethane rubbers. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Blümich B. Low-field and benchtop NMR. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 306:27-35. [PMID: 31311709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
NMR started at low field. Important discoveries like the first observation of NMR in condensed matter, the spin echo, NMR for chemical analysis, Fourier NMR spectroscopy, 2D NMR spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging happened at field strengths considered low today. With time the footprint of the NMR instruments at these field strengths shrunk from the laboratory floor to the tabletop. The first commercial tabletop NMR instruments were compact relaxometers for food analysis followed by mobile relaxometers for materials testing and oil-well exploration culminating in tabletop spectrometers for chemical analysis, capable of performing nearly the whole methodical portfolio of today's high-field instruments. The increasing sensitivity afforded by the lower noise of modern electronics and the unfolding richness of hyperpolarization scenarios along with detection schemes alternative to nuclear induction enable NMR at ultra-low field strengths down to zero applied field, where spin-spin couplings in local fields dominate the residual Zeeman interaction. Miniaturization and cost-reduction of NMR instruments outline current development goals along with the development of smart-phone-like apps to conduct standard NMR analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Blümich
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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19
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Marbach J, Höfer T, Bornholdt N, Luinstra GA. Catalytic Chain Transfer Copolymerization of Propylene Oxide and CO 2 using Zinc Glutarate Catalyst. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:828-839. [PMID: 31304076 PMCID: PMC6604238 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligo and poly(propylene ether carbonate)-polyols with molecular weights from 0.8 to over 50 kg/mol and with 60-92 mol % carbonate linkages were synthesized by chain transfer copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO2) and propylene oxide (PO) mediated by zinc glutarate. Online-monitoring of the polymerization revealed that the CTA controlled copolymerization has an induction time which is resulting from reversible catalyst deactivation by the CTA. Latter is neutralized after the first monomer additions. The outcome of the chain transfer reaction is a function of the carbonate content, i. e. CO2 pressure, most likely on account of differences in mobility (diffusion) of the various polymers. Melt viscosities of poly(ether carbonate)diols with a carbonate content between 60 and 92 mol % are reported as function of the molecular weight, showing that the mobility is higher when the ether content is higher. The procedure of PO/CO2 catalytic chain copolymerization allows tailoring the glass temperature and viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Marbach
- University of HamburgInstitute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryBundesstraße 4520146HamburgGermany
| | - Theresa Höfer
- University of HamburgInstitute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryBundesstraße 4520146HamburgGermany
| | - Nick Bornholdt
- University of HamburgInstitute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryBundesstraße 4520146HamburgGermany
| | - Gerrit A. Luinstra
- University of HamburgInstitute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryBundesstraße 4520146HamburgGermany
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Patil NG, Boopathi SK, Alagi P, Hadjichristidis N, Gnanou Y, Feng X. Carboxylate Salts as Ideal Initiators for the Metal-Free Copolymerization of CO2 with Epoxides: Synthesis of Well-Defined Polycarbonates Diols and Polyols. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Grignard B, Gennen S, Jérôme C, Kleij AW, Detrembleur C. Advances in the use of CO 2 as a renewable feedstock for the synthesis of polymers. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4466-4514. [PMID: 31276137 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00047j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide offers an accessible, cheap and renewable carbon feedstock for synthesis. Current interest in the area of carbon dioxide valorisation aims at new, emerging technologies that are able to provide new opportunities to turn a waste into value. Polymers are among the most widely produced chemicals in the world greatly affecting the quality of life. However, there are growing concerns about the lack of reuse of the majority of the consumer plastics and their after-life disposal resulting in an increasing demand for sustainable alternatives. New monomers and polymers that can address these issues are therefore warranted, and merging polymer synthesis with the recycling of carbon dioxide offers a tangible route to transition towards a circular economy. Here, an overview of the most relevant and recent approaches to CO2-based monomers and polymers are highlighted with particular emphasis on the transformation routes used and their involved manifolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Grignard
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Blümich B, Singh K. Desktop NMR and Its Applications From Materials Science To Organic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:6996-7010. [PMID: 29230908 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is an indispensable method of analysis in chemistry, which until recently suffered from high demands for space, high costs for acquisition and maintenance, and operational complexity. This has changed with the introduction of compact NMR spectrometers suitable for small-molecule analysis on the chemical workbench. These spectrometers contain permanent magnets giving rise to proton NMR frequencies between 40 and 80 MHz. The enabling technology is to make small permanent magnets with homogeneous fields. Tabletop instruments with inhomogeneous fields have been in use for over 40 years for characterizing food and hydrogen-containing materials by relaxation and diffusion measurements. Related NMR instruments measure these parameters in the stray field outside the magnet. They are used to inspect the borehole walls of oil wells and to test objects nondestructively. The state-of-the-art of NMR spectroscopy, imaging and relaxometry with compact instruments is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Blümich
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kawarpal Singh
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Blümich B, Singh K. NMR mit Tischgeräten und deren Anwendungen von der Materialwissenschaft bis zur organischen Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Blümich
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Deutschland
| | - Kawarpal Singh
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Deutschland
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