1
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Ramírez J, Gibson GM, Tassieri M. Optical Halo: A Proof of Concept for a New Broadband Microrheology Tool. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:889. [PMID: 39064399 PMCID: PMC11278636 DOI: 10.3390/mi15070889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Microrheology, the study of material flow at micron scales, has advanced significantly since Robert Brown's discovery of Brownian motion in 1827. Mason and Weitz's seminal work in 1995 established the foundation for microrheology techniques, enabling the measurement of viscoelastic properties of complex fluids using light-scattering particles. However, existing techniques face limitations in exploring very slow dynamics, crucial for understanding biological systems. Here, we present a proof of concept for a novel microrheology technique called "Optical Halo", which utilises a ring-shaped Bessel beam created by optical tweezers to overcome existing limitations. Through numerical simulations and theoretical analysis, we demonstrate the efficacy of the Optical Halo in probing viscoelastic properties across a wide frequency range, including low-frequency regimes inaccessible to conventional methods. This innovative approach holds promise for elucidating the mechanical behaviour of complex biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ramírez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Graham M. Gibson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 6EW, UK;
| | - Manlio Tassieri
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 6EW, UK
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2
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Bergamaschi G, Taris KKH, Biebricher AS, Seymonson XMR, Witt H, Peterman EJG, Wuite GJL. Viscoelasticity of diverse biological samples quantified by Acoustic Force Microrheology (AFMR). Commun Biol 2024; 7:683. [PMID: 38834871 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of soft matter and cellular mechanics, microrheology - the use of micron-sized particles to probe the frequency-dependent viscoelastic response of materials - is widely used to shed light onto the mechanics and dynamics of molecular structures. Here we present the implementation of active microrheology in an Acoustic Force Spectroscopy setup (AFMR), which combines multiplexing with the possibility of probing a wide range of forces ( ~ pN to ~nN) and frequencies (0.01-100 Hz). To demonstrate the potential of this approach, we perform active microrheology on biological samples of increasing complexity and stiffness: collagen gels, red blood cells (RBCs), and human fibroblasts, spanning a viscoelastic modulus range of five orders of magnitude. We show that AFMR can successfully quantify viscoelastic properties by probing many beads with high single-particle precision and reproducibility. Finally, we demonstrate that AFMR to map local sample heterogeneities as well as detect cellular responses to drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bergamaschi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kees-Karel H Taris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas S Biebricher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xamanie M R Seymonson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hannes Witt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin J G Peterman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs J L Wuite
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Srisomboon S, Intharah T, Jarujareet U, Toneluck A, Panpisut P. The in vitro assessment of rheological properties and dentin remineralization of saliva substitutes containing propolis and aloe vera extracts. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304156. [PMID: 38776324 PMCID: PMC11111055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Saliva substitutes with enhanced dentin remineralization properties were expected to help manage caries progression in patients with xerostomia. This in vitro study examined the rheological properties and remineralization action of experimental saliva substitutes containing propolis extract and aloe vera extract on demineralized dentin. Four experimental saliva substitutes were formulated with varying concentrations of propolis extract (P) and aloe vera extract (A) were prepared. A commercial saliva substitute (Biotene Oral Rinse) was used as a commercial comparison. The rheological properties and viscosity of these materials were measured using a strain-controlled rheometer (n = 3). The remineralizing actions of saliva substitutes on demineralized dentin after 2 weeks were determined using ATR-FTIR and SEM-EDX (n = 8). The results were expressed as a percentage increase in the mineral-to-matrix ratio. Biotene demonstrated a significantly higher viscosity (13.5 mPa·s) than experimental saliva substitutes (p<0.05). The addition of extracts increased the viscosity of the saliva substitutes from 4.7 mPa·s to 5.2 mPa·s. All formulations showed minimal shear thinning behavior, which was the viscoelastic properties of natural saliva. The formulation containing 5 wt% of propolis exhibited the highest increase in the median mineral-to-matrix ratio (25.48%). The SEM-EDX analysis revealed substantial mineral precipitation in demineralized dentin, especially in formulations with 5 wt% or 2.5 wt% of propolis. The effect of the aloe vera extract was minimal. The addition of propolis and aloe vera extracts increased the viscosity of saliva substitutes. the addition of propolis for 2.5 or 5 wt% to saliva substitutes increased mineral apatite precipitation and tubule occlusion. To conclude, the saliva substitute containing propolis extract demonstrated superior remineralizing actions compared with those containing only aloe vera extract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thanapong Intharah
- Visual Intelligence Laboratory, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ungkarn Jarujareet
- NECTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Arnit Toneluck
- Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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4
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Gottwald J, Balke J, Stellmacher J, van Vorst K, Ghazisaeedi F, Fulde M, Alexiev U. Cy3-Based Nanoviscosity Determination of Mucus: Effect of Mucus Collection Methods and Antibiotics Treatment. Macromol Biosci 2024:e2300437. [PMID: 38625085 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The integrity of the protective mucus layer as a primary defense against pathogen invasion and microbial leakage into the intestinal epithelium can be compromised by the effects of antibiotics on the commensal microbiome. Changes in mucus integrity directly affect the solvent viscosity in the immediate vicinity of the mucin network, that is, the nanoviscosity, which in turn affects both biochemical reactions and selective transport. To assess mucus nanoviscosity, a reliable readout via the viscosity-dependent fluorescence lifetime of the molecular rotor dye cyanine 3 is established and nanoviscosities from porcine and murine ex vivo mucus are determined. To account for different mucin concentrations due to the removal of digestive residues during mucus collection, the power law dependence of mucin concentration on viscosity is used. The impact of antibiotics combinations (meropenem/vancomycin, gentamycin/ampicillin) on ex vivo intestinal mucus nanoviscosity is presented. The significant increase in viscosity of murine intestinal mucus after treatment suggests an effect of antibiotics on the microbiota that affects mucus integrity. This method will be a useful tool to assess how drugs, directly or indirectly, affect mucus integrity. Additionally, the method can be utilized to analyze the role of mucus nanoviscosity in health and disease, as well as in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Gottwald
- Physics Department, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Balke
- Physics Department, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Stellmacher
- Physics Department, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kira van Vorst
- Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fereshteh Ghazisaeedi
- Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Fulde
- Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Alexiev
- Physics Department, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Rodrigues T, Mota R, Gales L, Tamagnini P, Campo-Deaño L. Microrheological characterisation of Cyanoflan in human blood plasma. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121575. [PMID: 38142107 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring polysaccharidic biopolymers released by marine cyanobacteria are of great interest for numerous biomedical applications, such as wound healing and drug delivery. Such polymers generally exhibit high molecular weight and an entangled structure that impact the rheology of biological fluids. However, biocompatibility tests focus not so much on rheological properties as on immune response. In the present study, the rheological behaviour of native blood plasma as a function of the concentration of a cyanobacterium biopolymer is investigated via multiple particle tracking microrheology, which measures the Brownian motion of probes embedded in a sample, and cryogenic scanning electron microscope microstructural characterisation. We use Cyanoflan as the biopolymer of choice, and profit from our knowledge of its chemical structure and its exciting potential for biotechnological applications. A sol-gel transition is identified using time-concentration superposition and the power-law behaviour of the incipient network's viscoelastic response is observed in a variety of microrheological data. Our results point to rheology-based principles for blood compatibility tests by facilitating the assignment of quantitative values to specific properties, as opposed to more heuristic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rodrigues
- CEFT - Centro de Estudos de Fenómenos de Transporte, Depto. de Engenharia Mecânica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Laboratório Associado em Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - R Mota
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - L Gales
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - P Tamagnini
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Depto. de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - L Campo-Deaño
- CEFT - Centro de Estudos de Fenómenos de Transporte, Depto. de Engenharia Mecânica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Laboratório Associado em Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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6
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Chen Y, Hu Z, Wang D, Xue X, Pu H. Reversible Change in Performances of Polymer Networks via Invertible Architecture-Transformation of Cross-Links. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1311-1316. [PMID: 37708566 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
A polymer nanoparticle network using single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) as cross-links is designed. The experimental and theoretical study shows that incorporating SCNPs in polymer networks leads to smaller mesh size, faster terminal relaxation time, and reduced fluctuation among cross-links, resulting in a significant increase in shear storage modulus, and enhancement in tensile stress. Notably, the reversible single-chain collapse of SCNPs under thermal stimulation enables the polymer network to undergo coherent changes between two topological states, thereby exhibiting reversible transformations between soft and stiff states. This approach and finding can effectively tailor the mechanical properties of polymer networks, potentially leading to the development of intelligent, responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjing Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Zhiyu Hu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Deping Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Xue
- Industrial College of Carbon Fiber and New Materials, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Hongting Pu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201804, China
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7
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Salipante PF. Microfluidic techniques for mechanical measurements of biological samples. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011303. [PMID: 38505816 PMCID: PMC10903441 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The use of microfluidics to make mechanical property measurements is increasingly common. Fabrication of microfluidic devices has enabled various types of flow control and sensor integration at micrometer length scales to interrogate biological materials. For rheological measurements of biofluids, the small length scales are well suited to reach high rates, and measurements can be made on droplet-sized samples. The control of flow fields, constrictions, and external fields can be used in microfluidics to make mechanical measurements of individual bioparticle properties, often at high sampling rates for high-throughput measurements. Microfluidics also enables the measurement of bio-surfaces, such as the elasticity and permeability properties of layers of cells cultured in microfluidic devices. Recent progress on these topics is reviewed, and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F. Salipante
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Polymers and Complex Fluids Group, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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8
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Tai CW, Ahmadzadegan A, Ardekani A, Narsimhan V. A forward reconstruction, holographic method to overcome the lens effect during 3D detection of semi-transparent, non-spherical particles. SOFT MATTER 2022; 19:115-127. [PMID: 36472306 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00738j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Suspensions of semi-transparent particles such as polystyrene microparticles are commonly used as model systems in the study of micro-rheology, biology, and microfluidics. Holography is a valuable tool that allows one to obtain 3-D information for particle position and orientation, but forward reconstruction techniques often struggle to infer this information accurately for semi-transparent spheroids with an O(1) aspect ratio, since the lens effect from the particle introduces complex patterns. We propose a reconstruction method that uses image moment information to generate a mask over the sharp patterns from the lens effect and gives reasonable estimation of the 3-D position and orientation of the particle. The method proposed in this work uses the average particle geometry information to determine the process parameters and identify the appropriate detection zone. The average detection error for zc is less than 25% of the average particle thickness, and the average errors in the in-plane and out-of-plane orientations ϕ and θ are 2° and 4°, respectively. Our method provides comparable accuracy in the detection of the particle center of mass (xc, yc, zc) and in-plane orientation ϕ as a recent forward reconstruction method for semi-transparent particles proposed by Byeon et al. (H. Byeon, T. Go and S. J. Lee, Appl. Opt., 2016, 54, 2106-2112; H. Byeon, T. Go and S. J. Lee, Opt. Express, 2016, 24, 598-610). This method provides a clearly defined framework for identifying the particle's out-of-plane tilt angle θ. We finally demonstrate the applicability of the method to opaque, slender (aspect ratio AR ≫ 1) particles by analyzing the 3-D motion of E. coli cells from holographic video footage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Tai
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Adib Ahmadzadegan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Arezoo Ardekani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Vivek Narsimhan
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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9
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Microrheological properties and local structure of ι-carrageenan gels probed by using optical tweezers. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Calabrese V, György C, Haward SJ, Neal TJ, Armes SP, Shen AQ. Microstructural Dynamics and Rheology of Worm-like Diblock Copolymer Nanoparticle Dispersions under a Simple Shear and a Planar Extensional Flow. Macromolecules 2022; 55:10031-10042. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Calabrese
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Csilla György
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Simon J. Haward
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Thomas J. Neal
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Amy Q. Shen
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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11
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Tai CW, Narsimhan V. Experimental and theoretical studies of cross-stream migration of non-spherical particles in a quadratic flow of a viscoelastic fluid. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4613-4624. [PMID: 35697338 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00011c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate the cross-stream migration of spherical, prolate, and oblate particles in a circular tube flow of a weakly viscoelastic fluid (De = O(10-2)) with negligible inertia (Re ≈ 0). From our previous theoretical studies, we developed mathematical models based on a second order fluid (i.e., retarded expansion for De ≪ 1) to characterize the migration trajectory of the particles in the absence of wall effects. The theory shows that the particle migration speed is proportional to the length the particle spans in the shear gradient direction (Lsg), and furthermore quantifies how particle shape alters the migration timescale. For particles with identical volume, spherical particles show the fastest migration speed among all the particles. The distinctive orientation behavior of prolate and oblate spheroids leads to a faster migration speed for an oblate particle compared to a prolate particle of the same aspect ratio. In this work, we verify our theory with microfluidic flow experiments using a model suspension of polystyrene (PS) micro-particles in a density-matched polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution (a Boger fluid). The experimental results show good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the theoretically predicted particle migration speed, indicating that the theory is able to provide reasonable predictions for real microfluidic systems.
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12
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Geonzon LC, Santoya AM, Jung H, Yuson H, Bacabac RG, Matsukawa S. Study on the heterogeneity in mixture carrageenan gels viewed by long time particle tracking. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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A Review of Microfluidic Devices for Rheological Characterisation. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020167. [PMID: 35208292 PMCID: PMC8877273 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The rheological characterisation of liquids finds application in several fields ranging from industrial production to the medical practice. Conventional rheometers are the gold standard for the rheological characterisation; however, they are affected by several limitations, including high costs, large volumes required and difficult integration to other systems. By contrast, microfluidic devices emerged as inexpensive platforms, requiring a little sample to operate and fashioning a very easy integration into other systems. Such advantages have prompted the development of microfluidic devices to measure rheological properties such as viscosity and longest relaxation time, using a finger-prick of volumes. This review highlights some of the microfluidic platforms introduced so far, describing their advantages and limitations, while also offering some prospective for future works.
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14
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Matsumoto A, Zhang C, Scheffold F, Shen AQ. Microrheological Approach for Probing the Entanglement Properties of Polyelectrolyte Solutions. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:84-90. [PMID: 35574786 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The entanglement dynamics and viscoelasticity of polyelectrolyte solutions remain active research topics. Previous studies have reported conflicting experimental results when compared to Dobrynin's scaling predictions derived from the Doi-Edwards (DE) tube model for entangled polymers. Herein, by combining classical bulk shear rheometry with diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) microrheometry, we investigate how the key viscoelastic parameters (the specific viscosity ηsp, the plateau modulus Ge, and the ratio of the reptation time to the Rouse time of an entanglement strand τrep/τe) depend on the polymer concentration for semidilute entangled (SE) solutions containing poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) with high molecular weight. Our experimental measurements yield Ge ∝ c1.51±0.04, in good agreement with the scaling of Ge ∝ c1.5 predicted by Dobrynin's model for salt-free polyelectrolyte SE solutions, suggesting that the electrostatic interaction influences the viscoelastic properties of polyelectrolyte SE solutions. On the other hand, the deviation in the scaling exponent for ηsp ∝ c2.56±0.04 and τrep/τe ∝ c1.82±0.28 is observed between our DWS experiments and Dobrynin's model prediction (∝ c1.5), likely due to the fact that Dobrynin's scaling model does not account for mechanisms such as the contour length fluctuation, the constraint release, and the retardation of solvent dynamics, which are known to occur for SE solutions of neutral polymers. Our results demonstrate that DWS serves as a powerful rheological tool to study the entanglement dynamics of polyelectrolyte solutions. The scaling relationships obtained in this study provide new insights to the long-standing debate on the entanglement dynamics of polyelectrolyte solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Matsumoto
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui-shi, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Frank Scheffold
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Amy Q. Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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15
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Niederquell A, Stoyanov E, Kuentz M. Hydroxypropyl Cellulose for Drug Precipitation Inhibition: From the Potential of Molecular Interactions to Performance Considering Microrheology. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:690-703. [PMID: 35005970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There has been recent interest in using hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) for supersaturating drug formulations. This study investigated the potential for molecular HPC interactions with the model drug celecoxib by integrating novel approaches in the field of drug supersaturation analysis. Following an initial polymer characterization study, quantum-chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations were complemented with results of inverse gas chromatography and broadband diffusing wave spectroscopy. HPC performance was studied regarding drug solubilization and kinetics of desupersaturation using different grades (i.e., HPC-UL, SSL, SL, and L). The results suggested that the potential contribution of dispersive interactions and hydrogen bonding depended strongly on the absence or presence of the aqueous phase. It was proposed that aggregation of HPC polymer chains provided a complex heterogeneity of molecular environments with more or less excluded water for drug interaction. In precipitation experiments at a low aqueous polymer concentration (i.e., 0.01%, w/w), grades L and SL appeared to sustain drug supersaturation better than SSL and UL. However, UL was particularly effective in drug solubilization at pH 6.8. Thus, a better understanding of drug-polymer interactions is important for formulation development, and polymer blends may be used to harness the combined advantages of individual polymer grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Niederquell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz CH 4132, Switzerland
| | - Edmont Stoyanov
- Nisso Chemical, Europe, Berliner Allee 42, Düsseldorf 40212, Germany
| | - Martin Kuentz
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz CH 4132, Switzerland
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16
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Carmona P, Tasici AM, Sande SA, Knudsen KD, Nyström B. Glyceraldehyde as an Efficient Chemical Crosslinker Agent for the Formation of Chitosan Hydrogels. Gels 2021; 7:186. [PMID: 34842656 PMCID: PMC8628775 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The rheological changes that occur during the chemical gelation of semidilute solutions of chitosan in the presence of the low-toxicity agent glyceraldehyde (GCA) are presented and discussed in detail. The entanglement concentration for chitosan solutions was found to be approximately 0.2 wt.% and the rheological experiments were carried out on 1 wt.% chitosan solutions with various amounts of GCA at different temperatures (25 °C and 40 °C) and pH values (4.8 and 5.8). High crosslinker concentration, as well as elevated temperature and pH close to the pKa value (pH ≈ 6.3-7) of chitosan are three parameters that all accelerate the gelation process. These conditions also promote a faster solid-like response of the gel-network in the post-gel region after long curing times. The mesh size of the gel-network after a very long (18 h) curing time was found to contract with increasing level of crosslinker addition and elevated temperature. The gelation of chitosan in the presence of other chemical crosslinker agents (glutaraldehyde and genipin) is discussed and a comparison with GCA is made. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) results reveal structural changes between chitosan solutions, incipient gels, and mature gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Carmona
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Physics, Division of Nano-and BioPhysics, Chalmers University of Technology, Fysikgränd 3, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anca M. Tasici
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway; (A.M.T.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Sverre A. Sande
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway; (A.M.T.); (S.A.S.)
| | | | - Bo Nyström
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway;
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17
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Non-contact elastography methods in mechanobiology: a point of view. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2021; 51:99-104. [PMID: 34463775 PMCID: PMC8964566 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-021-01567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, mechanobiology has emerged as a novel perspective in the context of basic biomedical research. It is now widely recognized that living cells respond not only to chemical stimuli (for example drugs), but they are also able to decipher mechanical cues, such as the rigidity of the underlying matrix or the presence of shear forces. Probing the viscoelastic properties of cells and their local microenvironment with sub-micrometer resolution is required to study this complex interplay and dig deeper into the mechanobiology of single cells. Current approaches to measure mechanical properties of adherent cells mainly rely on the exploitation of miniaturized indenters, to poke single cells while measuring the corresponding deformation. This method provides a neat implementation of the everyday approach to measure mechanical properties of a material, but it typically results in a very low throughput and invasive experimental protocol, poorly translatable towards three-dimensional living tissues and biological constructs. To overcome the main limitations of nanoindentation experiments, a radical paradigm change is foreseen, adopting next generation contact-less methods to measure mechanical properties of biological samples with sub-cell resolution. Here we briefly introduce the field of single cell mechanical characterization, and we concentrate on a promising high resolution optical elastography technique, Brillouin spectroscopy. This non-contact technique is rapidly emerging as a potential breakthrough innovation in biomechanics, but the application to single cells is still in its infancy.
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18
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Sucrose solution as a new viscous test fluid with tunable viscosities up to 2 Pas for micromixing characterization by the Villermaux–Dushman reaction. J Flow Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-021-00158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFor the first time, micromixing characterization for the Villermaux–Dushman reaction could be performed with a non-reactive viscous medium at viscosities up to 2 Pas. As viscous medium, sucrose solution was used with the benefit of being a Newtonian fluid with tuneable viscosity. Due to the higher viscosities in comparison to established media for micromixing investigations, a new protocol for the experimental implementation was developed. Micromixing experiments were conducted and the applicability of viscous sucrose solutions was proven in a stirred tank reactor. Major challenges in characterizing micromixing efficiency in high viscous solution were consolidated.
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19
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Martínez Narváez CDV, Dinic J, Lu X, Wang C, Rock R, Sun H, Sharma V. Rheology and Pinching Dynamics of Associative Polysaccharide Solutions. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jelena Dinic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60608, United States
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Coatings Innovation Center, PPG Industries, Inc., 4325 Rosanna Drive, Allison Park, Pennsylvania 15101, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- Coatings Innovation Center, PPG Industries, Inc., 4325 Rosanna Drive, Allison Park, Pennsylvania 15101, United States
| | - Reza Rock
- Coatings Innovation Center, PPG Industries, Inc., 4325 Rosanna Drive, Allison Park, Pennsylvania 15101, United States
| | - Hao Sun
- Coatings Innovation Center, PPG Industries, Inc., 4325 Rosanna Drive, Allison Park, Pennsylvania 15101, United States
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60608, United States
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20
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Abstract
Abstract
The review presents current research results for Carbopol-based microgels as yield-stress materials, covering three aspects: chemical, physical and rheological. Such a joint three-aspect study has no analog in the literature. The chemical aspects of Carbopol polymers are presented in terms of a cross-linking polymerization of acrylic acid, their molecular structure, microgel formulation, polyacid dissociation and neutralization, osmotic pressure and associated immense microgel swelling. The physical characterization is focused on models of the shear-induced solid-to-liquid transition of microgels, which are formed of mesoscopic particles typical for soft matter materials. Models that describe interparticle effects are presented to explain the energy states of microgel particles at the mesoscale of scrutiny. Typical representatives of the models utilize attributes of jamming dispersions, micromechanical and polyelectrolyte reactions. Selected relationships that result from the models, such as scaling rules and nondimensional flow characteristics are also presented. The rheological part presents the discussion of problems of yield stress in 2D and 3D deformations, appearance and magnitude of the wall slip. The theory and characteristics of Carbopol microgel deformation in rotational rheometers are presented with graphs for the steady-state measurements, stress-controlled oscillation and two types of transient shear deformation. The review is concluded with suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdzisław Jaworski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology , Aleja Piastow 42 , 71-065 , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Tadeusz Spychaj
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology , Aleja Piastow 42 , 71-065 , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Anna Story
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology , Aleja Piastow 42 , 71-065 , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Grzegorz Story
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology , Aleja Piastow 42 , 71-065 , Szczecin , Poland
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21
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Tozzi A. Why Should Natural Principles Be Simple? PHILOSOPHIA (RAMAT-GAN, ISRAEL) 2021; 50:321-335. [PMID: 33879931 PMCID: PMC8051000 DOI: 10.1007/s11406-021-00359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the criteria to a strong principle in natural sciences is simplicity. The conventional view holds that the world is provided with natural laws that must be simple. This common-sense approach is a modern rewording of the medieval philosophical/theological concept of the Multiple arising from (and generated by) the One. Humans need to pursue unifying frameworks, classificatory criteria and theories of everything. Still, the fact that our cognitive abilities tend towards simplification and groupings does not necessarily entail that this is the way the world works. Here we ask: what if singularity does not pave the way to multiplicity? How will we be sure if the Ockham's razor holds in real life? We will show in the sequel that the propensity to reduce to simplicity the relationships among the events leads to misleading interpretations of scientific issues. We are not going to take a full sceptic turn: we will engage in active outreach, suggesting examples from biology and physics to demonstrate how a novel methodological antiunitary approach might help to improve our scientific attitude towards world affairs. We will provide examples from aggregation of SARS-Cov-2 particles, unclassified extinct creatures, pathological brain stiffness. Further, we will describe how antiunitary strategies, plagiarising medieval concepts from William od Ockham and Gregory of Rimini, help to explain novel relational approaches to quantum mechanics and the epistemological role of our mind in building the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Tozzi
- Center for Nonlinear Science, Department of Physics, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #311427, Denton, TX 76203-5017 USA
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22
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Romo‐Uribe A. Shear rheology and scaling of semiflexible polymers: Effect of polymer‐solvent interactions in the semidilute regime. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Romo‐Uribe
- R&D, Advanced Science & Technology Division Johnson & Johnson Vision Florida USA
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23
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Xue X, Chen Y, Li Y, Liang K, Huang W, Yang H, Jiang L, Jiang Q, Chen F, Jiang T, Lin B, Jiang B, Pu H. Remarkable untangled dynamics behavior of multicyclic branched polystyrenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:399-402. [PMID: 33326513 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07129c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A typical multicyclic branched-topology polystyrene (c-BPS) with high molecular weight (30 K ≤ Mw MALLS ≤ 300 K g mol-1) and narrow dispersity (1.2 ≤ Đ ≤ 1.3) was efficiently synthesized by combining atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and atom transfer radical coupling (ATRC) techniques. The topological constraints imposed by the presence of cyclic units and branch points had a marked influence on the entanglement behaviors of the polymer chains in solution. Therefore, c-BPS possesses the lowest loss modulus (G'') and viscosity (η), the highest diffusion coefficient (D0), the largest mesh size (ξ) and the fastest terminal relaxation (TR), compared with branched and linear precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
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24
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Arai K, Shikata T. Hydration/Dehydration Behavior of Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Ether in Aqueous Solution. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204726. [PMID: 33076298 PMCID: PMC7587591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HeC) maintains high water solubility over a wide temperature range even in a high temperature region where other nonionic chemically modified cellulose ethers, such as methyl cellulose (MC) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HpMC), demonstrate cloud points. In order to clarify the reason for the high solubility of HeC, the temperature dependence of the hydration number per glucopyranose unit, nH, for the HeC samples was examined by using extremely high frequency dielectric spectrum measuring techniques up to 50 GHz over a temperature range from 10 to 70 °C. HeC samples with a molar substitution number (MS) per glucopyranose unit by hydroxyethyl groups ranging from 1.3 to 3.6 were examined in this study. All HeC samples dissolve into water over the examined temperature range and did not show their cloud points. The value of nH for the HeC sample possessing the MS of 1.3 was 14 at 20 °C and decreased gently with increasing temperature and declined to 10 at 70 °C. The nH values of the HeC samples are substantially larger than the minimum critical nH value of ca. 5 necessary to be dissolved into water for cellulose ethers such as MC and HpMC, even in a high temperature range. Then, the HeC molecules possess water solubility over the wide temperature range. The temperature dependence of nH for the HeC samples and triethyleneglycol, which is a model compound for substitution groups of HeC, is gentle and they are similar to each other. This observation strongly suggests that the hydration/dehydration behavior of the HeC samples was essentially controlled by that of their substitution groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Arai
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
| | - Toshiyuki Shikata
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Correspondence:
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25
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Tiwari S, Kazemi-Moridani A, Zheng Y, Barney CW, McLeod KR, Dougan CE, Crosby AJ, Tew GN, Peyton SR, Cai S, Lee JH. Seeded laser-induced cavitation for studying high-strain-rate irreversible deformation of soft materials. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:9006-9013. [PMID: 33021618 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00710b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the high-strain-rate and high-strain mechanics of soft materials is critical to understanding the complex behavior of polymers and various dynamic injury mechanisms, including traumatic brain injury. However, their dynamic mechanical deformation under extreme conditions is technically difficult to quantify and often includes irreversible damage. To address such challenges, we investigate an experimental method, which allows quantification of the extreme mechanical properties of soft materials using ultrafast stroboscopic imaging of highly reproducible laser-induced cavitation events. As a reference material, we characterize variably cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane specimens using this method. The consistency of the laser-induced cavitation is achieved through the introduction of laser absorbing seed microspheres. Based on a simplified viscoelastic model, representative high-strain-rate shear moduli and viscosities of the soft specimens are quantified across different degrees of crosslinking. The quantified rheological parameters align well with the time-temperature superposition prediction of dynamic mechanical analysis. The presented method offers significant advantages with regard to quantifying high-strain rate, irreversible mechanical properties of soft materials and tissues, compared to other methods that rely upon the cyclic dynamics of cavitation. These advances are anticipated to aid in the understanding of how damage and injury develop in soft materials and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacchita Tiwari
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Amir Kazemi-Moridani
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 9209, USA
| | - Christopher W Barney
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Kelly R McLeod
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Carey E Dougan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Alfred J Crosby
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Shelly R Peyton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Shengqiang Cai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 9209, USA
| | - Jae-Hwang Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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26
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Dinic J, Sharma V. Flexibility, Extensibility, and Ratio of Kuhn Length to Packing Length Govern the Pinching Dynamics, Coil-Stretch Transition, and Rheology of Polymer Solutions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Dinic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60608, United States
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60608, United States
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27
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Kelnar I, Zhigunov A, Kaprálková L, Krejčíková S, Dybal J. Synergistic effects in Methylcellulose/Hydroxyethylcellulose blend: Influence of components ratio and graphene oxide. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 236:116077. [PMID: 32172890 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A specific feature of water-soluble polysaccharides is formation of organized structures in solutions. This study deals with an unexpected effect of 2-hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) on structure and mechanical performance of methylcellulose (MC) films. The values of modulus with 5 and 10 % HEC content exceed those of the linear model, which indicates synergistic effect consisting in formation of ordered structures. However, higher content of HEC leads to worse properties corresponding to contribution of its lower parameters. The structural transformations are confirmed by XRD and polarized-light microscopy. Ability of HEC to support formation of ordered structures in MC solutions is indicated by rheology. Important fact is that low graphene oxide (GO) content has a high reinforcing effect on neat MC or HEC, but its presence in blends is accompanied by elimination of HEC-induced structural transformations. The results confirm complex effect of blending and GO on structure and properties of the MC/HEC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kelnar
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Praha, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexander Zhigunov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kaprálková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Sabina Krejčíková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dybal
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Praha, Czech Republic
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28
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Dinic J, Sharma V. Power Laws Dominate Shear and Extensional Rheology Response and Capillarity-Driven Pinching Dynamics of Entangled Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC) Solutions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Dinic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60608 Illinois, United States
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60608 Illinois, United States
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29
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Scaling laws of entangled polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 234:115886. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Ashworth JC, Thompson JL, James JR, Slater CE, Pijuan-Galitó S, Lis-Slimak K, Holley RJ, Meade KA, Thompson A, Arkill KP, Tassieri M, Wright AJ, Farnie G, Merry CLR. Peptide gels of fully-defined composition and mechanics for probing cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in vitro. Matrix Biol 2020; 85-86:15-33. [PMID: 31295578 PMCID: PMC7610915 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Current materials used for in vitro 3D cell culture are often limited by their poor similarity to human tissue, batch-to-batch variability and complexity of composition and manufacture. Here, we present a "blank slate" culture environment based on a self-assembling peptide gel free from matrix motifs. The gel can be customised by incorporating matrix components selected to match the target tissue, with independent control of mechanical properties. Therefore the matrix components are restricted to those specifically added, or those synthesised by encapsulated cells. The flexible 3D culture platform provides full control over biochemical and physical properties, allowing the impact of biochemical composition and tissue mechanics to be separately evaluated in vitro. Here, we demonstrate that the peptide gels support the growth of a range of cells including human induced pluripotent stem cells and human cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we present proof-of-concept that the peptide gels can be used to build disease-relevant models. Controlling the peptide gelator concentration allows peptide gel stiffness to be matched to normal breast (<1 kPa) or breast tumour tissue (>1 kPa), with higher stiffness favouring the viability of breast cancer cells over normal breast cells. In parallel, the peptide gels may be modified with matrix components relevant to human breast, such as collagen I and hyaluronan. The choice and concentration of these additions affect the size, shape and organisation of breast epithelial cell structures formed in co-culture with fibroblasts. This system therefore provides a means of unravelling the individual influences of matrix, mechanical properties and cell-cell interactions in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Ashworth
- Stem Cell Glycobiology Group, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Division of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - J L Thompson
- Stem Cell Glycobiology Group, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - J R James
- Stem Cell Glycobiology Group, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - C E Slater
- Stem Cell Glycobiology Group, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - S Pijuan-Galitó
- Stem Cell Glycobiology Group, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - K Lis-Slimak
- Stem Cell Glycobiology Group, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - R J Holley
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies Group, University of Manchester, UK
| | - K A Meade
- Office of Business Relations, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - A Thompson
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - K P Arkill
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - M Tassieri
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - A J Wright
- Optics and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - G Farnie
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Division of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; SGC, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - C L R Merry
- Stem Cell Glycobiology Group, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.
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31
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Saad S, Natale G. Diffusiophoresis of active colloids in viscoelastic media. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:9909-9919. [PMID: 31748761 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01801h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-diffusiophoresis of synthetic Janus (Si/Pt) microspheres in the presence of hydrogen peroxide in complex environments is here investigated. We aim to address the single particle dynamics of these active colloids in different viscoelastic fluids. Experimentally, the Janus colloids were dispersed in a dilute polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution and in a polyacrylamide (PAM) solution in semi-dilute and semi-dilute entangled regime to analyze their Brownian and active motion. These two systems were chosen to probe different relaxation times from relatively short (∼5 ms) for PVP to large (∼14.5 s) for PAM but always smaller than the rotary Brownian motion time scale. Within this regime, we investigate the coupling between the self-propulsion velocity and the medium rheology. Janus particles are found to get physically confined by polymeric entanglements but surprisingly they are able to escape the physical cage in a time scale much shorter than the relaxation time of the polymer solution. This is particularly relevant for application of self-propelling particles in biomedicine, water and soil remediation where complex environments are naturally present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabab Saad
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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32
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33
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Fuentes-Caparrós AM, Dietrich B, Thomson L, Chauveau C, Adams DJ. Using cavitation rheology to understand dipeptide-based low molecular weight gels. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:6340-6347. [PMID: 31289805 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01023h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The study of dipeptide-based hydrogels has been the focus of significant effort recently due to their potential for use in a variety of biomedical and biotechnological applications. It is essential to study the mechanical properties in order to fully characterise and understand this type of soft materials. In terms of mechanical properties, the linear elastic modulus is normally measured using traditional shear rheometry. This technique requires millilitre sample volumes, which can be difficult when only small amounts of gel are available, and can present difficulties when loading the sample into the machine. Here, we describe the use of cavitation rheology, an easy and efficient technique, to characterise the linear elastic modulus of a range of hydrogels. Unlike traditional shear rheometry, this technique can be used on hydrogels in their native environment, and small sample volumes are required. We describe our set-up and show how it can be used to probe and understand different types of gels. Gels can be formed by different triggers from the same gelator and this leads to different microstructures. We show that the data from the cavitational rheometer correlates with the underlying microstructure in the gels, which allows a greater degree of understanding of the gels than can be obtained from the bulk measurements.
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Zhang J, Yang H, Abali BE, Li M, Xia Y, Haag R. Dynamic Mechanics-Modulated Hydrogels to Regulate the Differentiation of Stem-Cell Spheroids in Soft Microniches and Modeling of the Nonlinear Behavior. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901920. [PMID: 31183958 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Although mechanisms of how physical forces convert into biochemical signals are increasingly understood, it is still unknown how soft cues guide cell behavior. Herein, it is shown that the commitment and differentiation of encapsulating human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) spheroids in thermosensitive 3D hydrogels are simply altered by interpenetrating poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (NIPAM-HEMA) nanogel to a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) network. This cell-laden hydrogel provides dynamic mechanics with covalent crosslinking coordinated reversible physical networks, which can regulate hMSCs in situ by reversibly stiffening soft niches via multicyclic temperature changes from 25 to 37 °C. The spreading of hMSC spheroids in the hydrogel is strongly dependent on myosin-dependent traction stress with dynamic mechanical stimuli through focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling. Notably, the dynamic microenvironment gradually influences the expression and distribution from the basal to apical side of nuclear lamin A/C and increases the Yes-associated protein (YAP) nuclear localization with cycles, which ultimately favors hMSCs undergoing osteogenesis (but not adipogenesis) in the soft microniche. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the viscoelastic behavior of the soft microniche can be guided by temperature through a nonlinear model. These findings highlight the central roles of the dynamic relationship between the biomechanical signals and mechanosensitive transcriptional regulators in cellular mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguang Zhang
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hua Yang
- Institute of Mechanics, Chair of Continuum Mechanics and Constitutive Theory, Technische Universität Berlin, Einsteinufer 5, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bilen Emek Abali
- Institute of Mechanics, Chair of Continuum Mechanics and Constitutive Theory, Technische Universität Berlin, Einsteinufer 5, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mingjun Li
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yi Xia
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Datta D, Kumar V, Kumar S, Nagaraj R, Chaudhary N. Limpid hydrogels from β-turn motif-connected tandem repeats of Aβ 16-22. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:4827-4835. [PMID: 31180412 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00343f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembling peptides constitute an important class of functional biomaterials. A number of short amyloidogenic stretches have been identified from amyloid proteins. Such peptides, as such or through subtle modifications, can turn out to be promising candidates for functional biomaterials. End-capped Aβ16-22, the well-studied amyloidogenic stretch from β-amyloid, is reported to be non-hydrogelating up to 20 mM concentration. Here we investigated the hydrogelation propensity of Aβ16-22 repeats connected through β-turn-supporting motifs. The peptide repeats connected through Asn-Gly, Aib-DPro, and DPro-Gly formed transparent hydrogels at concentrations ≥2 mM. The repeats of the aromatic analog Aβ16-22(F20Y) also resulted in similar hydrogels. Like other peptide-based gels reported earlier, these gels could trap the anticancer drug doxorubicin and displayed steady release in water. In addition, the gels supported the growth of mammalian cell lines, HEK-293 and RIN-5F. These data show that turn-inducing motifs can have marked effects on the hydrogelating propensity of self-assembling peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debika Datta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India.
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Biopolymer Solution Evaluation Methodology: Thermal and Mechanical Assessment for Enhanced Oil Recovery with High Salinity Brines. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7060339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The methodology to study an eco-friendly and non-toxic, Schizophyllan, biopolymer for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) polymer flooding is described. The methodology is divided into two parts; the first part estimates the molar concentration of the biopolymer, which is needed to prepare the biopolymer solution with optimal viscosity. This is required to improve the sweep efficiency for the selected reservoir in Kuwait. The second part of this generalized methodology evaluates the biopolymer solution capability to resist degradation and maintain its essential properties with the selected reservoir conditions. The evaluation process includes thermal and mechanical assessment. Furthermore, to study the biopolymer solution behavior in both selected reservoir and extreme conditions, the biopolymer solution samples were prepared using 180 g/L and 309 g/L brine. It was found that the prepared biopolymer solution demonstrated great capability in maintaining its properties; and therefore, can be introduced as a strong candidate for EOR polymer flooding with high salinity brines.
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Matsumoto A, Del Giudice F, Rotrattanadumrong R, Shen AQ. Rheological Scaling of Ionic-Liquid-Based Polyelectrolytes in Ionic Liquid Solutions. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Matsumoto
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Francesco Del Giudice
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Systems and Process Engineering Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Sewansea SA1 8EN, U.K
| | - Rachapun Rotrattanadumrong
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Amy Q. Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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Wang X, Wu M, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Hu C, Shi L, Lv Y, Ran R. Phase-transfer method synthesis hydroxyethyl cellulose lauryl ether. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wu X, Zhao Z, Kang Y, Ji X, Liu Y. Viscoelasticity of poly(ethylene glycol) in aqueous solutions of potassium sulfate: a comparison of quartz crystal microbalance with conventional methods. Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-018-0162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Inverse Analysis of Cellulose by Using the Energy-Based Method and a Rotational Rheometer. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8081354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biological and polymer-type materials usually show a complicated deformation behavior. This behavior can be modeled by using a nonlinear material equation; however, the determination of coefficients in such a material equation is challenging. We exploit representation theorems in continuum mechanics and construct nonlinear material equations for cellulose in an oscillatory rheometer experiment. The material parameters are obtained by using the energy-based method that generates a linear regression fit even in the case of a highly nonlinear material equation. This method allows us to test different nonlinear material equations and choose the simplest material model capable of representing the nonlinear response over a broad range of frequencies and amplitudes. We present the strategy, determine the parameters for cellulose, discuss the complicated stress-strain response and make the algorithm publicly available to encourage its further use.
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Mukherjee S, Das SS, Dhar J, Chakraborty S, DasGupta S. Electroosmosis of Viscoelastic Fluids: Role of Wall Depletion Layer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:12046-12055. [PMID: 28945093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate electroosmotic flow of two immiscible viscoelastic fluids in a parallel plate microchannel. Contrary to traditional analysis, the effect of the depletion layer is incorporated near the walls, thereby capturing the complex coupling between rheology and electrokinetics. Toward ensuring realistic prediction, we show the dependence of electroosmotic flow rate on the solution pH and polymer concentration of the complex fluid. In order to assess our theoretical predictions, we have further performed experiments on electroosmosis of an aqueous solution of polyacrylamide (PAAm). Our analysis reveals that neglecting the existence of a depletion layer would result in grossly incorrect predictions of the electroosmotic transport of such fluids. These findings are likely to be of importance in understanding electroosmotically driven transport of complex fluids, including biological fluids, in confined microfluidic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Mukherjee
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur, India 721302
| | - Sankha Shuvra Das
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur, India 721302
| | - Jayabrata Dhar
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur, India 721302
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur, India 721302
| | - Sunando DasGupta
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur, India 721302
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