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Ma M, Powell D, Nassar M, Teckoe J, Markl D, Zeitler JA. Impact of immediate release film coating on the disintegration process of tablets. J Control Release 2024; 373:533-546. [PMID: 39032576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical tablets are often coated with a layer of polymeric material to protect the drug from environmental degradation, facilitate the packaging process, and enhance patient compliance. However, the detailed effects of such coating layers on drug release are not well understood. To investigate this, flat-faced pure microcrystalline cellulose tablets with a diameter of 13 mm and a thickness between 1.5 mm to 1.6 mm were directly compressed, and a film coating layer with a thickness of 80 μm to 120 μm was applied to one face of these tablets. This tablet geometry and immediate release film coating were chosen as a model system to understand how the film coating interacts with the tablet core. The coating hydration and dissolution process was studied using terahertz pulsed imaging, while optical coherence tomography was used to capture further details on the swelling process of the polymer in the coated tablet. The study investigated the film coating polymer dissolution process and found the gelling of dissolving polymer restricted the capillary liquid transport in the core. These findings can help predict the dissolution of film coating within the typical range of thickness (30 μm to 40 μm) and potentially be extended to understand modified release coating formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Daniel Powell
- Centre for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Marwa Nassar
- Colorcon Ltd, Flagship House, Victory Way, Dartford DA2 6QD, UK
| | - Jason Teckoe
- Colorcon Ltd, Flagship House, Victory Way, Dartford DA2 6QD, UK
| | - Daniel Markl
- Centre for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK.
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2
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Yoshida M, Nakagawa D, Hozumi H, Horikawa Y, Makino S, Nakamura H, Shikata T. A New Concept for Interpretation of the Viscoelastic Behavior of Aqueous Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Systems. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3420-3431. [PMID: 38733614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Viscoelastic behaviors of aqueous systems of commercially available sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) samples with the degrees of substitution (DS) of approximately 0.68 and 1.3, and the weight-average molar masses (Mw) higher than 200 kg mol-1 dissolved in pure water and aqueous sodium chloride solutions were investigated over a wide concentration (c) range of NaCMC samples. The dependencies of the specific viscosity (ηsp), the average relaxation time (τw), and the reciprocal of the steady-state compliance (Je-1) on c were discussed. The relationships ηsp ∝ c3, τw ∝ c2, and Je-1 ∝ c, characteristic of the rod particle suspensions, were clearly observed in a range lower than the c where the critical gel behavior was observed. Thus, a new concept based on the rheology of rod particle suspensions was employed to interpret the viscoelastic behaviors obtained in the c range. In this context, NaCMC polymer molecules are assumed to behave as extended rod particles with length (L) and diameter (d), including effective electrostatic repulsive distances, due to the dissociation of Na+ in aqueous systems. Thus, the number density of polymer molecules is given to be ν = c/Mw, and viscoelastic parameters such as ηsp, τw, and Je-1 are calculated using the theoretical model for rod particle suspensions proposed by Doi and Edwards. This concept reasonably described not only the viscoelastic data obtained in this study but also those from other groups using NaCMC samples with different DS and Mw values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Yoshida
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Daiki Nakagawa
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hyota Hozumi
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Horikawa
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Soichiro Makino
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakamura
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shikata
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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3
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Nakagawa D, Saiki E, Horikawa Y, Shikata T. Rigid Rod-like Viscoelastic Behaviors of Methyl Cellulose Samples with a Wide Range of Molar Masses Dissolved in Aqueous Solutions. Molecules 2024; 29:466. [PMID: 38257380 PMCID: PMC10818544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The viscoelastic behaviors of aqueous solutions of commercially available methyl cellulose (MC) samples with a degree of substitution of 1.8 and a wide range of weight average molar masses (Mw) were investigated over a wide concentration (c) range at some temperatures from -10 to 25 °C. The viscoelastic parameters useful to discuss the structure and dynamics of MC-forming particles in aqueous solutions were precisely determined, such as the zero-shear viscosity (η0), the steady-state compliance (Je), the average relaxation time (τw), and the activation energy (E*) of τw. Because previously obtained scattering and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) data revealed that the MC samples possess a rigid rod-like structure in dilute aqueous solutions over the entire Mw range examined, the viscoelastic data obtained in this study were discussed in detail based on the concept of rigid rod particle suspension rheology. The obtained Je-1 was proportional to the number density of sample molecules (ν = cNAMw-1, where NA means the Avogadro's constant) over the ν range examined irrespective of Mw. The reduced relaxation time (4NAτw(3νJe [η]ηmMw)-1), where ηm means the medium viscosity, was proportional to (νL3)2, L; the average particle length depending on Mw for each sample was determined in a previous study; and the reduced specific viscosity (ηspNAL3(Mw [η])-1), where ηsp means the specific viscosity, was proportional to (νL3)3 in a range of νL3 < 3 × 102. These findings were typical characteristics of the rigid rod suspension rheology. Therefore, the MC samples behave as entangling rigid rod particles in the νL3 range from rheological points of view. A stepwise increase in E* was clearly observed in a c range higher than the [η]-1 value irrespective of Mw. This observation proposes that contact or entanglement formation between particles formed by MC molecules results in an increase in E*.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Nakagawa
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-Materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Erika Saiki
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-Materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Horikawa
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-Materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shikata
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-Materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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4
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Saiki E, Iwase H, Horikawa Y, Shikata T. Structure and Conformation of Hydroxypropylmethyl Cellulose with a Wide Range of Molar Masses in Aqueous Solution─Effects of Hydroxypropyl Group Addition. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4199-4207. [PMID: 37594913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The structure of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HpMC) samples with a wide range of weight average molar masses (Mw) from 23 to 5000 kg mol-1, a controlled degree of substitution (DS) of 1.9 by methyl groups, and a molar substitution number (MS) of 0.25 by hydroxypropyl groups dissolved in aqueous solution was examined using static light scattering (SLS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-to-wide angle neutron scattering (S-WANS) techniques, and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) measurements. The determined Mw and the radius of gyration (Rg) showed the relationships Rg ∝ Mw1.0 and [η] ∝ Mw1.7 in a range of Mw < 100 kg mol-1, similar to rigid rod molecules in solution. However, exponents in the relationships decreased gradually with increasing Mw and reached ∼0.5 in a high Mw region, which is a typical value of flexible chain molecules for both Rg and [η]. These observations suggest that the HpMC samples behave as semiflexible rods with a certain persistence length (lp). The ratios of the hydrodynamic radius via DLS measurements to Rg also supported semiflexible rod behavior. Particle form factors and the average lengths (L) resulting from SLS and S-WANS experiments are well described with rigid rod particles in the range of Mw < 100 kg mol-1 and semiflexible rods with lp ∼ 100 nm in Mw > 100 kg mol-1. Because the average contour length (lc) calculated from Mw is approximately twice as long as L in the Mw range < 100 kg mol-1, the formed HpMC particles possess a folded hairpin-like elongated rigid rod structure. However, the lc/L value increases gradually in the range Mw > 200 kg mol-1, where the formed HpMC particles behave as semiflexible rods. The formed particle structure was substantially different from that found in methyl cellulose samples with a similar DS value, which showed rod-like behavior over a wide Mw range. The addition of hydroxypropyl groups only at MS = 0.25 effectively changed the formed particle structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Saiki
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwase
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Horikawa
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shikata
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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5
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Abbas G, Tunio AH, Memon KR, Mahesar AA, Memon FH, Abbasi GR. Modification of Cellulose Ether with Organic Carbonate for Enhanced Thermal and Rheological Properties: Characterization and Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:25453-25466. [PMID: 37483200 PMCID: PMC10357580 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Reduction in viscosity at higher temperatures is the main limitation of utilizing cellulose ethers in high thermal reservoir conditions for petroleum industry applications. In this study, cellulose ether (hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC)) is modified using organic carbonates, i.e., propylene carbonate (PC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC), to overcome the limitation of reduced viscosity at high temperatures. The polymer composites were characterized through various analytical techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), H-NMR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ζ-potential measurement, molecular weight determination, and rheology measurements. The experimental results of structural and morphological characterization confirm the modification and formation of a new organic carbonate-based cellulose ether. The thermal analysis revealed that the modified composites have greater stability, as the modified samples demonstrated higher vaporization and decomposition temperatures. ζ-potential measurement indicates higher stability of DEC- and PC-modified composites. The relative viscometry measurement revealed that the modification increased the molecular weight of PC- and DEC-containing polymers, up to 93,000 and 99,000 g/moL, respectively. Moreover, the modified composites exhibited higher levels of stability, shear strength and thermal resistance as confirmed by viscosity measurement through rheology determination. The observed increase in viscosity is likely due to the enhanced inter- and intramolecular interaction and higher molecular weight of modified composites. The organic carbonate performed as a transesterification agent that improves the overall properties of cellulose ether (HEMC) at elevated temperatures as concluded from this study. The modification approach in this study will open the doors to new applications and will be beneficial for substantial development in the petroleum industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Abbas
- Institute
of Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Haque Tunio
- Institute
of Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Khalil Rehman Memon
- Institute
of Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmed Mahesar
- Institute
of Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Hussain Memon
- Department
of Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, S.Z.A.B Campus, Khairpur
Mirs 66020, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Ghazanfer Raza Abbasi
- School
of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia
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6
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Saiki E, Yoshida M, Kurahashi K, Iwase H, Shikata T. Elongated Rodlike Particle Formation of Methyl Cellulose in Aqueous Solution. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:28849-28859. [PMID: 36033728 PMCID: PMC9404515 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The conformation and structure of methyl cellulose (MC) ether samples dissolved in pure water under dilute conditions were carefully reconsidered based on the results obtained using small-to-wide-angle neutron scattering (S-WANS), static light scattering (SLS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and viscometric techniques. The examined MC samples possessed an average degree of substitution by methyl groups per glucose unit of ca 1.8 and weight average molar masses (M w), ranging from 23 to 790 kg mol-1. S-WANS experiments clearly demonstrated that the samples possess highly elongated rigid rodlike local structures in deuterium oxide solutions with weak periodicities of ca 0.4 and 1.0 nm on a length scale, which correspond to the average intermolecular distance between molecular chain portions facing each other in the formed rodlike structure and the repeating length of the monomeric cellobiose unit of molecular chains, respectively. Ratios of the particle length (L) to the radius of gyration (R g) determined by SLS techniques approximately showed the relationship LR g -1 = holding in rigid rods over the entire M w range examined in this study. However, the folding number, defined as the ratio of the average molecular contour length (l) to L, remained at the value of lL -1 ∼ 2, representing an elongated one-folded hairpin structure, until M w ∼ 300 kg mol-1 and increased substantially up to ca 4.9 at the highest M w of 790 kg mol-1. The observed increase in the lL -1 value corresponded well with an increase in the diameter of the formed rod with increasing M w observed in the S-WANS data. The M w dependencies of the translational diffusion coefficient determined via DLS measurements and that of the intrinsic viscosity detected via viscometric techniques also distinctly demonstrated that particles formed by the MC samples dissolved in aqueous solution behave as elongated rigid rods irrespective of M w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Saiki
- Cellulose
Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture
and Technology, 3-5-8
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division
of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Misato Yoshida
- Cellulose
Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture
and Technology, 3-5-8
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division
of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kei Kurahashi
- Cellulose
Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture
and Technology, 3-5-8
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division
of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwase
- Neutron
Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive
Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shikata
- Cellulose
Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture
and Technology, 3-5-8
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division
of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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7
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Wang Y, Wang J, Sun Q, Xu X, Li M, Xie F. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose hydrocolloid systems: Effect of hydroxypropy group content on the phase structure, rheological properties and film characteristics. Food Chem 2022; 379:132075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Yamaoka K, Yamada NL, Hori K, Fujii Y, Torikai N. Interfacial Selective Study on the Gelation Behavior of Aqueous Methylcellulose Solution via a Quartz Crystal Microbalance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4494-4502. [PMID: 35377665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is important to understand the interfacial structure and physical properties of a polymer material to improve its function. In this study, we used a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements to evaluate the viscoelasticity and structure of an aqueous methylcellulose solution near the gold interface. The apparent shear modulus, which was calculated from the complex frequency, was used to assess gelation behavior. The apparent shear modulus determined via the QCM suggested high-frequency rheological properties that reflected the relaxation of skeletal stretching and rotational motion of polymer segments, as well as cooperative motion of the various functional groups. The gelation temperature was found to be lowered at the interface in comparison with that of the bulk. It is suggested that the QCM can evaluate the shear modulus accompanying the gelation near the interface. The interfacial segregation on the gold substrate caused by the surface free energy and long-range van der Waals interaction was observed from NR measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yamaoka
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Institute for Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Koichiro Hori
- Neutron Science Laboratory, Institute for Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Fujii
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Naoya Torikai
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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9
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Yan Y, Zheng F, Zhu Z, Lu J, Jiang H, Sun Q. On-surface synthesis of ethers through dehydrative coupling of hydroxymethyl substituents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22122-22128. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has been a subject of intensive research during the last decade. Various chemical reactions have been developed on surfaces to prepare compounds and carbon nanostructures, most of which...
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10
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Kanamaru T, Araki M, Takahashi R, Fujii S, Shikata T, Murakami D, Tanaka M, Sakurai K. First Observation of the Hydration Layer around Polymer Chain by Scattering and Its Relationship to Thromboresistance: Dilute Solution Properties of PMEA in THF/Water. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:7251-7261. [PMID: 34181418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA) is known to exhibit excellent thromboresistance, i.e., hardly causing blood-clot formation on its surface. Hence, PMEA and its analogues have been commercially used for blood-contacting materials in medical devices. In this study, we investigated the conformation and solvation state of PMEA in mixtures of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water with various water volume fractions (ϕwater) by viscosity, sedimentation equilibrium, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and dielectric relaxation measurements. We also comparatively investigated those of poly[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate] (PMe2MA) and polystyrene (PS). For all of these, THF is a good solvent and water is a nonsolvent or poor solvent. PMe2MA and PMEA show equally good thromboresistance, while PS does not at all. The solution properties of PMe2MA and PMEA were found to be quite different from PS. There are clear attractive interactions (or correlation) between the PMEA chain (or PMe2MA) and the waters in the vicinity of the chain despite their water insolubility. These correlated waters give additional scattering and the angular dependence of SAXS was analyzed in terms of the hydration layer model that has been used in protein solution scattering. The hydration is related to increasing both the chain stiffness and excluded volume. These distinctive properties are likely related to the origin of its good thromboresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Kanamaru
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 805-0135, Japan
| | - Masataka Araki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 805-0135, Japan
| | - Rintaro Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 805-0135, Japan
| | - Shota Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 805-0135, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shikata
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Daiki Murakami
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 805-0135, Japan
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11
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Adibnia V, Ma Y, Halimi I, Walker GC, Banquy X, Kumacheva E. Phytoglycogen Nanoparticles: Nature-Derived Superlubricants. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8953-8964. [PMID: 33960783 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytoglycogen nanoparticles (PhG NPs), a single-molecule highly branched polysaccharide, exhibit excellent water retention, due to the abundance of close-packed hydroxyl groups forming hydrogen bonds with water. Here we report lubrication properties of close-packed adsorbed monolayers of PhG NPs acting as boundary lubricants. Using direct surface force measurements, we show that the hydrated nature of the NP layer results in its striking lubrication performance, with two distinct confinement-controlled friction coefficients. In the weak- to moderate-confinement regime, when the NP layer is compressed down to 8% of its original thickness under a normal pressure of up to 2.4 MPa, the NPs lubricate the surface with a friction coefficient of 10-3. In the strong-confinement regime, with 6.5% of the original layer thickness under a normal pressure of up to 8.1 MPa, the friction coefficient was 10-2. Analysis of the water content and energy dissipation in the confined NP film reveals that the lubrication is governed by synergistic contributions of unbound and bound water molecules, with the former contributing to lubrication properties in the weak- to moderate-confinement regime and the latter being responsible for the lubrication in the strong-confinement regime. These results unravel mechanistic insights that are essential for the design of lubricating systems based on strongly hydrated NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Adibnia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Yingshan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Ilias Halimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Gilbert C Walker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Xavier Banquy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, M5S 3G9
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, M5S 3E5
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12
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Abstract
Abstract
The presented chapter deals with structure, morphology, and properties aspects concerning cellulose-based polymers in both research and industrial production, such as cellulose fibers, cellulose membranes, cellulose nanocrystals, and bacterial cellulose, etc. The idea was to highlight the main cellulose-based polymers and cellulose derivatives, as well as the dissolution technologies in processing cellulose-based products. The structure and properties of cellulose are introduced briefly. The main attention has been paid to swelling and dissolution of cellulose in order to yield various kinds of cellulose derivatives through polymerization. The main mechanisms and methods are also presented. Finally, the environmental friendly and green cellulose-based polymers will be evaluated as one of the multifunctional and smart materials with significant progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhou
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an 710048 , P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an 710048 , P. R. China
| | - Yaya Hao
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an 710048 , P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an 710048 , P. R. China
| | - Xinyu He
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an 710048 , P. R. China
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
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13
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Lee T, Kim S, Kim S, Kwon NY, Rho S, Hwang DS, Kim M. Environmentally Friendly Methylcellulose-Based Binders for Active and Passive Dust Control. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50860-50869. [PMID: 33119259 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is an essential indicator to evaluate air pollution, threatening human health. Although PM control could be achieved by using a variety of polymeric materials, identifying effective and green materials remains elusive in dust control technology. Here, we have employed environmentally friendly cellulose modified by methyl side groups, such as methylcellulose (MC)-based polymers, and evaluated their PM reduction efficiency when utilized in active and passive dust control methods, such as dust suppressants and air filters, respectively. When 25 m/s wind was applied on soil treated by MC-based polymers, PM emissions were reduced 95% or 85% lower than the soil treated by only water or the other cellulose without methyl side groups. The MC-based polymer was also effectively suppressed mineral dust from a local copper mine in Arizona with approximately 50 times lower amounts than a synthetic polymer containing methyl side groups. Furthermore, when MC-based polymers have deposited on filters of commercial face masks, the average filtration efficiency improved to greater than 99% while maintaining airflow resistance. Our results present that environmentally friendly MC-based polymers can act as dust binders that effectively agglomerate air pollutants, preventing the PM emission from dust sources and the inhalation after being suspended in the air; thus, labeling them as essential materials for advanced active and passive dust control technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehee Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Sangsik Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Samuel Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Na-Yeon Kwon
- R&D Center, ANPOLY Inc., Pohang 37666, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangchul Rho
- R&D Center, ANPOLY Inc., Pohang 37666, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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14
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Arai K, Shikata T. Hydration/Dehydration Behavior of Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Ether in Aqueous Solution. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204726. [PMID: 33076298 PMCID: PMC7587591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HeC) maintains high water solubility over a wide temperature range even in a high temperature region where other nonionic chemically modified cellulose ethers, such as methyl cellulose (MC) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HpMC), demonstrate cloud points. In order to clarify the reason for the high solubility of HeC, the temperature dependence of the hydration number per glucopyranose unit, nH, for the HeC samples was examined by using extremely high frequency dielectric spectrum measuring techniques up to 50 GHz over a temperature range from 10 to 70 °C. HeC samples with a molar substitution number (MS) per glucopyranose unit by hydroxyethyl groups ranging from 1.3 to 3.6 were examined in this study. All HeC samples dissolve into water over the examined temperature range and did not show their cloud points. The value of nH for the HeC sample possessing the MS of 1.3 was 14 at 20 °C and decreased gently with increasing temperature and declined to 10 at 70 °C. The nH values of the HeC samples are substantially larger than the minimum critical nH value of ca. 5 necessary to be dissolved into water for cellulose ethers such as MC and HpMC, even in a high temperature range. Then, the HeC molecules possess water solubility over the wide temperature range. The temperature dependence of nH for the HeC samples and triethyleneglycol, which is a model compound for substitution groups of HeC, is gentle and they are similar to each other. This observation strongly suggests that the hydration/dehydration behavior of the HeC samples was essentially controlled by that of their substitution groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Arai
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
| | - Toshiyuki Shikata
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Correspondence:
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15
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Gosecki M, Setälä H, Virtanen T, Ryan AJ. A facile method to control the phase behavior of hydroxypropyl cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 251:117015. [PMID: 33152849 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a facile chemical method to convert the hydroxyl groups of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) into carbamates. It was achieved by the reaction of HPC with N-methyl carbamoylimidazole, which is a safe and easy to handle replacement for the particularly hazardous reagent methyl isocyanate. Using a series of HPC with a range of molar substitution of hydroxypropyl groups, we synthesized HPC methylcarbamates showing lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in the range between 94 and 15 °C. A linear dependence of LCST versus methylcarbamate degree of substitution is observed. The lower the initial hydroxypropyl content of HPC, the greater the effect of methylcarbamate on the LCST. Surface tension study showed that methylcarbamate modification has an insignificant effect on the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the macromolecules below LCST unless the molecular substitution of hydroxypropyl groups is so low (0.8) that the native cellulose OH groups can react with N-methyl carbamoylimidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Gosecki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK; Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Harri Setälä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, FI-02044, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Tommi Virtanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, FI-02044, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Anthony J Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK.
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16
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Isobe N, Shimizu S. Salt-induced LCST-type thermal gelation of methylcellulose: quantifying non-specific interactions via fluctuation theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:15999-16006. [PMID: 32632420 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01687j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
What drives the phase separation of water-soluble polymers in the presence of electrolytes was quantified on a molecular scale via statistical thermodynamic fluctuation theory. Quantifying polymer-water and polymer-salt interactions enabled us to identify the dominant interaction for phase separation. As a model system, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) type thermal gelation of methylcellulose (MC) in aqueous salt solutions was chosen. The Kirkwood-Buff integrals for intermolecular interactions, calculated from the published calorimetric and volumetric data, showed that (1) the accumulation of salts around MC molecules (favourable interaction between salts and MC) inhibits thermal gelation and the depletion of salts from MC (unfavourable interaction between salts and MC) promotes the gelation, and (2) this salt-MC interaction is the dominant factor (50-100 times stronger than the water-MC interaction). This insight from the fluctuation theory is at odds with the age-old consensus regarding the driving force of thermal gelation: water structure change in the presence of salts induces the promotion or inhibition of thermal gelation. However, our conclusion is founded upon the ability of the fluctuation theory to quantify water-MC and salt-MC interaction independently via the Kirkwood-Buff integrals. Flory-Huggins (FH) theory, on the contrary, could not separate these two interactions owing to the lack of a thermodynamic degree of freedom because the lattice solution is assumed to be fully packed. In addition, the dominant contribution from salt depletion poses difficulty for the χ parameter, which is essentially the difference of contact energies. Our approach, requiring calorimetric and volumetric data alone as input, provides a simple and versatile method towards elucidating the effect of cosolvents on biopolymer phase separation of physiological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Isobe
- Research Institute for Marine Resources Utilization, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
| | - Seishi Shimizu
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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Arai K, Horikawa Y, Shikata T, Iwase H. Reconsideration of the conformation of methyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ethers in aqueous solution. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19059-19066. [PMID: 35518322 PMCID: PMC9053864 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and conformation of methyl cellulose (MC) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HpMC) ether samples dissolved in dilute aqueous (D2O) solutions at a temperature of 25 °C were reconsidered in detail based on the experimental results obtained using small- and wide-angle neutron scattering (S-WANS) techniques in a range of scattering vectors (q) from 0.05 to 100 nm−1. MC samples exhibited an average degree of substitution (DS) by methyl groups per glucose unit of DS = 1.8 and the weight average molar mass of Mw = 37 × 103 and 79 × 103 g mol−1. On the other hand, HpMC samples possessed the average molar substitution number (MS) by hydroxypropyl groups per glucose unit of MS = 0.25, DS = 1.9, and Mw = 50 × 103 and 71 × 103 g mol−1. The concentration-reduced scattering intensity data gathered into a curve for the solutions of identical sample species clearly demonstrated the relationship I(q)c−1 ∝ q−1 in a q range from 0.05 to 2.0 nm−1, and small interference peaks were found at q ∼ 7 and 17 nm−1 for all examined sample solutions. These observations strongly revealed that form factors for both the MC and HpMC samples were perfectly described with that for long, rigid rod particles with average diameters of 0.8 and 0.9 nm, respectively, and with an inner structure with characteristic mean spacing distances of ca. 0.9 and 0.37 nm, respectively, regardless of the chemically modified conditions and molar masses. A rationally speculated structure model for the MC and HpMC samples dissolved in aqueous solution was proposed. A rod-like structure with once-folded highly extended hairpin-like conformation is constructed from methyl and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ethers in aqueous solution.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Arai
- Department of Symbiotic Science of Environment and Natural Resources
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Fuchu
- Japan
| | - Yoshiki Horikawa
- Department of Symbiotic Science of Environment and Natural Resources
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Fuchu
- Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shikata
- Department of Symbiotic Science of Environment and Natural Resources
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Fuchu
- Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwase
- Neutron Science and Technology Center
- Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS)
- Tokai
- Japan
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18
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Arai K, Shikata T. Molecular motions, structure and hydration behaviour of glucose oligomers in aqueous solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:25379-25388. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05214c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The presence of helical fragment configurations is confirmed for glucose oligomers in aqueous solution at temperatures lower than 40 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Arai
- Department of Symbiotic Science of Environment and Natural Resources
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 183-8509
- Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shikata
- Department of Symbiotic Science of Environment and Natural Resources
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 183-8509
- Japan
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20
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Otoni CG, Lorevice MV, Moura MRD, Mattoso LH. On the effects of hydroxyl substitution degree and molecular weight on mechanical and water barrier properties of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose films. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 185:105-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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