1
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Shen T, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Liu Y. Rational Molecular Design of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based n-Type and Ambipolar Polymer Semiconductors. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401812. [PMID: 38887976 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based polymer semiconductors have drawn great attention in the field of organic electronics due to the planar structure, decent solubilizing capability, and high crystallinity. However, the electron-deficient capacity of DPP derivatives are not strong enough, leading to relatively high-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of the corresponding polymers. As a result, n-type and ambipolar DPP-based polymers are rare and their electron mobilities also lag far behind the p-type counterparts, which limits the development of important p-n-junction-based electronic devices. Therefore, new design strategies have been proposed recent years to develop n-type/ambipolar DPP-based polymers with improved performances. In this view, these molecular design strategies are summarized, including copolymerization of DPP with different acceptors and weak donors, DPP flanked aromatic ring modification, DPP-core ring expansion and DPP dimerization. The relationship between the chemical structures and organic thin-film transistor performances is intensively discussed. Finally, a perspective on future trends in the molecular design of DPP-based n-type/ambipolar polymers is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
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2
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Kuwabara J, Kanbara T. Synthesis of Organic Optoelectronic Materials Using Direct C-H Functionalization. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300400. [PMID: 37823322 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules and polymers with conjugated structures can be used as organic optoelectronic materials. These molecules have conventionally been synthesized by cross-coupling reactions; however, in recent years, direct functionalization of C-H bonds has been used to synthesize organic optoelectronic materials. Representative reactions include direct arylation reactions (C-H/C-X couplings, with X being halogen or pseudo-halogen) and cross-dehydrogenative coupling (C-H/C-H cross-coupling) reactions. Although these reactions are convenient for short-step synthesis, they require regioselectivity in the C-H bonds and suppression of undesired homo-coupling side reactions. This review introduces examples of the synthesis of organic optoelectronic materials using two types of direct C-H functionalization reactions. In addition, we summarize our recent activities in the development of direct C-H functionalization reactions using fluorobenzenes as substrates. This review covers the reaction mechanism and material properties of the resulting products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
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3
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Sui Y, Zhang X, Xu C, Shi Y, Deng Y, Han Y, Geng Y. Conjugated Polymers from Direct Arylation Polycondensation of 3,4-Difluorothiophene-Substituted Aryls: Synthesis and Properties. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300393. [PMID: 37640284 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
3,4-Difluorothiophene-substituted aryls, i.e., 1,4-bis(3,4-difluorothiophen-2-yl)-benzene (Ph-2FTh), 1,4-bis(3,4-difluorothiophen-2-yl)-2,5-difluorobenzene (2FPh-2FTh), and 4,7-bis(3,4-difluorothiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTz-2FTh), are synthesized as C─H monomers for the synthesis of conjugated polymers (CPs) via direct arylation polycondensation (DArP) with diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and isoindigo (IID) derivatives as C─Br monomers. The Gibbs free energies of activation for direct arylation (ΔG298 K , kcal mol-1 ) for α─C─H bonds of thiophene moieties as calculated by density functional theory (DFT) are 14.3, 16.5, and 16.4 kcal mol-1 for Ph-2FTh, 2FPh-2FTh and BTz-2FTh, respectively, meaning that inserting an electron-deficient unit in 3,3',4,4'-tetrafluoro-2,2'-bithiophene (4FBT, ΔG298K : 14.6 kcal mol-1 ) may cause a reactivity decrease of the C─H monomers. Photophysical and semiconducting properties of the resulting six CPs (i.e., DPP-Ph, DPP-2FPh, DPP-BTz, 2FIID-Ph, 2FIID-2FPh, and 2FIID-BTz) are characterized in detail. DPP-based CPs show ambipolar transport properties while IID-based ones exhibited n-type behavior owing to the deeper frontier molecular orbital energy levels of IID-based CPs. With source/drain electrodes modified with polyethylenimine ethoxylated, n-channel organic thin-film transistors with maximum electron mobility of 0.40, 0.54, 0.29, 0.05, 0.16, and 0.01 cm2 V-1 s-1 for DPP-Ph, DPP-2FPh, DPP-BTz, 2FIID-Ph, 2FIID-2FPh, and 2FIID-BTz, respectively, are fabricated. DPP-2FPh exhibits the best device performance due to the good film morphology and the highest intermolecular packing order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xuwen Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Chenhui Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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4
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Ren S, Ding Y, Zhang W, Wang Z, Wang S, Yi Z. Rational Design of Novel Conjugated Terpolymers Based on Diketopyrrolopyrrole and Their Applications to Organic Thin-Film Transistors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3803. [PMID: 37765656 PMCID: PMC10535888 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic polymer semiconductor materials, due to their good chemical modifiability, can be easily tuned by rational molecular structure design to modulate their material properties, which, in turn, affects the device performance. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of materials based on terpolymer structures and applied them to organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) device applications. The four polymers, obtained by polymerization of three monomers relying on the Stille coupling reaction, shared comparable molecular weights, with the main structural difference being the ratio of the thiazole component to the fluorinated thiophene (Tz/FS). The conjugated polymers exhibited similar energy levels and thermal stability; however, their photochemical and crystalline properties were distinctly different, leading to significantly varied mobility behavior. Materials with a Tz/FS ratio of 50:50 showed the highest electron mobility, up to 0.69 cm2 V-1 s-1. Our investigation reveals the fundamental relationship between the structure and properties of materials and provides a basis for the design of semiconductor materials with higher carrier mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Yubing Ding
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhuoer Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Sichun Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhengran Yi
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
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5
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Zhang X, Shi Y, Dang Y, Liang Z, Wang Z, Deng Y, Han Y, Hu W, Geng Y. Direct Arylation Polycondensation of β-Fluorinated Bithiophenes to Polythiophenes: Effect of Side Chains in C–Br Monomers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yibo Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ziqi Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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6
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Jiang W, Yu X, Li C, Zhang X, Zhang G, Liu Z, Zhang D. Fluoro-substituted DPP-bisthiophene conjugated polymer with azides in the side chains as ambipolar semiconductor and photoresist. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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7
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Chen J, Yang J, Guo Y, Liu Y. Acceptor Modulation Strategies for Improving the Electron Transport in High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104325. [PMID: 34605074 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-performance ambipolar and electronic type semiconducting polymers are essential for fabricating various organic optoelectronic devices and complementary circuits. This review summarizes the strategies of improving the electron transport of semiconducting polymers via acceptor modulation strategies, which include the use of single, dual, triple, multiple, and all acceptors as well as the fusion of multiple identical acceptors to obtain new heterocyclic acceptors. To further improve the electron transport of semiconducting polymers, the introduction of strong electron-withdrawing groups can enhance the electron-withdrawing ability of donors and acceptors, thereby facilitating electron injection and suppressing hole accumulation. In addition, the relationships between the molecular structure, frontier molecular orbital energy levels, thin film morphology, microstructure, processing conditions, and device performances are also comprehensively discussed. Finally, the challenges encountered in this research area are proposed and the future outlook is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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8
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Synthesis of Donor–Acceptor Copolymers Derived from Diketopyrrolopyrrole and Fluorene via Eco-Friendly Direct Arylation: Nonlinear Optical Properties, Transient Absorption Spectroscopy, and Theoretical Modeling. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15113855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of PFDPP copolymers based on fluorene (F) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) monomers were synthesized via direct arylation polycondensation using Fagnou conditions which involved palladium acetate as catalyst (a gradual catalyst addition of three different percentages were used), potassium carbonate as the base, and neodecanoic acid in N, N-dimethylacetamide. This synthesis provides a low cost compared with traditional methods of transition-metal-catalyzed polymerization. Among the different amounts of catalyst used in the present work, 12% was optimal because it gave the highest reaction yield (81.5%) and one of the highest molecular weights (Mn = 13.8 KDa). Copolymers’ chemical structures, molecular weight distributions, and optical and thermal properties were analyzed. The linear optical properties of PFDPP copolymers resulted very similarly independently to the catalyst amounts used in the synthesis of the PFDPP copolymers: two absorptions bands distinctive of donor–acceptor copolymers, Stokes shifts of 41 nm, a good quantum yield of fluorescence around 47%, and an optical bandgap of 1.7 eV were determined. Electronic nonlinearities were observed in these copolymers with a relatively high two-photon absorption cross-section of 621 GM at 950 nm. The dynamics of excited states and aggregation effects were studied in solutions, nanoparticles, and films of PFDPP. Theoretical calculations modeled the ground-state structures of the (PFDPP)n copolymers with n = 1 to 4 units, determining the charge distribution by the electrostatic potential and modeling the absorption spectra determining the orbital transitions responsible for the experimentally observed leading bands. Experimental and theoretical structure–properties analysis of these donor–acceptor copolymers allowed finding their best synthesis conditions to use them in optoelectronic applications.
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9
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Kleine A, Schubert US, Jäger M. Exploiting α-/ω-Reactivities during Polymerization for Controlled Heterotelechelic Poly(carbazole)s. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kleine
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Jäger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
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10
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Chua MH, Png ZM, Zhu Q, Xu J. Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers via Transition Metal Catalysed C-H Bond Activation. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2896-2919. [PMID: 34390547 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalysed C-H bond activation chemistry has emerged as an exciting and promising approach in organic synthesis. This allows us to synthesize a wider range of functional molecules and conjugated polymers in a more convenient and more atom economical way. The formation of C-C bonds in the construction of pi-conjugated systems, particularly for conjugated polymers, has benefited much from the advances in C-H bond activation chemistry. Compared to conventional transition-metal catalysed cross-coupling polymerization such as Suzuki and Stille cross-coupling, pre-functionalization of aromatic monomers, such as halogenation, borylation and stannylation, is no longer required for direct arylation polymerization (DArP), which involve C-H/C-X cross-coupling, and oxidative direct arylation polymerization (Ox-DArP), which involves C-H/C-H cross-coupling protocols driven by the activation of monomers' C(sp2 )-H bonds. Furthermore, poly(annulation) via C-H bond activation chemistry leads to the formation of unique pi-conjugated moieties as part of the polymeric backbone. This review thus summarises advances to date in the synthesis of conjugated polymers utilizing transition metal catalysed C-H bond activation chemistry. A variety of conjugated polymers via DArP including poly(thiophene), thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione)-containing, fluorenyl-containing, benzothiadiazole-containing and diketopyrrolopyrrole-containing copolymers, were summarized. Conjugated polymers obtained through Ox-DArP were outlined and compared. Furthermore, poly(annulation) using transition metal catalysed C-H bond activation chemistry was also reviewed. In the last part of this review, difficulties and perspective to make use of transition metal catalysed C-H activation polymerization to prepare conjugated polymers were discussed and commented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hui Chua
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhuang Mao Png
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Luo N, Zhang G, Liu Z. Keep glowing and going: recent progress in diketopyrrolopyrrole synthesis towards organic optoelectronic materials. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00613d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the syntheses of DPP derivatives is summarized as well as the structure–property relationships of the derivatives, including the syntheses of DPP cores, N-functionalization reactions, and π-extensions on and along the DPP cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
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12
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Dhawa U, Kaplaneris N, Ackermann L. Green strategies for transition metal-catalyzed C–H activation in molecular syntheses. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00727k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable strategies for the activation of inert C–H bonds towards improved resource-economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Dhawa
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Kaplaneris
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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13
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Sui Y, Shi Y, Deng Y, Li R, Bai J, Wang Z, Dang Y, Han Y, Kirby N, Ye L, Geng Y. Direct Arylation Polycondensation of Chlorinated Thiophene Derivatives to High-Mobility Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yibo Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Riqing Li
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junhua Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Nigel Kirby
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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14
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Liu Q, Bottle SE, Sonar P. Developments of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Dye-Based Organic Semiconductors for a Wide Range of Applications in Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903882. [PMID: 31797456 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, fused aromatic diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based functional semiconductors have attracted considerable attention in the developing field of organic electronics. Over the past few years, DPP-based semiconductors have demonstrated remarkable improvements in the performance of both organic field-effect transistor (OFET) and organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices due to the favorable features of the DPP unit, such as excellent planarity and better electron-withdrawing ability. Driven by this success, DPP-based materials are now being exploited in various other electronic devices including complementary circuits, memory devices, chemical sensors, photodetectors, perovskite solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, and more. Recent developments in the use of DPP-based materials for a wide range of electronic devices are summarized, focusing on OFET, OPV, and newly developed devices with a discussion of device performance in terms of molecular engineering. Useful guidance for the design of future DPP-based materials and the exploration of more advanced applications is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Steven E Bottle
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Prashant Sonar
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
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Ryu HS, Kim MJ, Lee YW, Lee SH, Shin TJ, Cho JH, Woo HY. Synthesis, Molecular Packing, and Electrical Properties of New Regioisomeric n-type Semiconducting Molecules with Modification of Alkyl Substituents Position. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:47170-47181. [PMID: 31738512 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We design and synthesize a series of regioisomeric n-type small molecules, which have an identical diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) core and 2-(2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-1H-inden-1-ylidene)propanedinitrile (INCN) terminal groups with octyl substituents at different positions. The isomeric structures are confirmed by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy based on the heteronuclear multiple-bond coupling method. Incorporation of the electron-deficient DPP and strongly electron-withdrawing INCN groups yields deep frontier molecular orbitals with n-type charge-transport properties in solution-processed organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Interestingly, a minor change in the substitution position of the octyl side chains significantly influences the optoelectronic and morphological properties of the thin film. The polycrystalline morphology of the as-cast films is reorganized differently with thermal annealing depending on the octyl topology, significantly affecting the OFET performance. With thermal treatment at 200 °C, the kinked DPP(EH)-INCNO1 (EH = 2-ethylhexyl) structures transform into single crystalline-like structures, exhibiting a remarkably improved electron mobility up to ∼0.6 cm2V-1 s-1 compared with DPP(EH)-INCNO2 isomers. The more linear DPP(EH or HD)-INCNO2 (HD = 2-hexyldecyl) molecules become more crystalline with thermal treatments, but their polycrystalline packing structures with large grain boundaries are the main reason for their lower electron mobility. When the solubilizing alkyl substituents are selected, careful molecular design is needed, with consideration of both the solubility and intermolecular packing, for optimizing the optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Sook Ryu
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Je Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woong Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- UNIST Central Research Facilities , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , 50 UNIST-gil , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , 50 UNIST-gil , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
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Rech JJ, Yan L, Peng Z, Dai S, Zhan X, Ade H, You W. Utilizing Difluorinated Thiophene Units To Improve the Performance of Polymer Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeromy J. Rech
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zhengxing Peng
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Shuixing Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Mula S, Han T, Heiser T, Lévêque P, Leclerc N, Srivastava AP, Ruiz-Carretero A, Ulrich G. Hydrogen Bonding as a Supramolecular Tool for Robust OFET Devices. Chemistry 2019; 25:8304-8312. [PMID: 30964574 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we demonstrated the effect of hydrogen bonding in the semiconducting behaviour of a small molecule used in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). For this study, the highly soluble dumbbell-shaped molecule, Boc-TATDPP based on a Boc-protected thiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and triazatruxene (TAT) moieties was used. The two Boc groups of the molecule were removed by annealing at 200 °C, which created a strong hydrogen-bonded network of NH-TATDPP supported by additional π-π stacking. These were characterised by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy, XRD and high-resolution (HR)-TEM measurements. FETs were fabricated with the semiconducting channel made of Boc-TATDPP and NH-TATDPP separately. It is worth mentioning that the Boc-TATDPP film can be cast from solution and then annealed to get the other systems with NH-TATDPP. More importantly, NH-TATDPP showed significantly higher hole mobilities compared to Boc-TATDPP. Interestingly, the high hole mobility in the case of NH-TATDPP was unaffected upon blending with [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71 BM). Thus, this robust hydrogen-bonded supramolecular network is likely to be useful in designing efficient and stable organic optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyaditya Mula
- Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement, et la santé (ICPEES), UMR CNRS 7515, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 Rue Becquerel, Strasbourg, 67087 Cedex 2, France.,Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Tianyan Han
- Le laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de, l'imagerie (ICube), UMR7357, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67037, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Heiser
- Le laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de, l'imagerie (ICube), UMR7357, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67037, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Lévêque
- Le laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de, l'imagerie (ICube), UMR7357, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67037, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement, et la santé (ICPEES), UMR CNRS 7515, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 Rue Becquerel, Strasbourg, 67087 Cedex 2, France
| | | | - Amparo Ruiz-Carretero
- Institut Charles Sadron CNRS-UPR 22, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Gilles Ulrich
- Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement, et la santé (ICPEES), UMR CNRS 7515, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 Rue Becquerel, Strasbourg, 67087 Cedex 2, France
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Domokos A, Aronow SD, Tang T, Shevchenko NE, Tantillo DJ, Dudnik AS. Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties of New Methoxy-Substituted Diketopyrrolopyrrole Polymers. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:9427-9433. [PMID: 31460033 PMCID: PMC6648756 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of functional groups with varying electron-donating/-withdrawing properties at the β-position of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) has been shown to affect the optoelectronic properties of the polymers. We report the synthesis of a new diketopyrrolopyrrole monomer wherein a strong electron-donating substituent, a methoxy group, was incorporated at the β-position in an effort to modulate polymer properties. Homopolymers and co-polymers of the new β-methoxy DPP and nonderivatized DPP were synthesized, and their properties were measured by cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis-near-infrared. Density functional theory computations also were employed to predict the degree of planarity of β-methoxy oligomers to probe the significance of the newly introduced S-O conformational lock. The combined experimental and computational results showed a reduction in the gap between highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels, a redshift toward the near-infrared region, and an increased planarity in the β-methoxy polymers.
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21
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Wang X, Jiang B, Du C, Ren X, Duan Z, Wang H. Fluorinated dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole: a new building block for organic optoelectronic materials. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04060a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of monofluorinated and difluorinated dithienyl-DPP was reported using a stepwise synthesis method starting from the preparation of pyrrolinone followed by condensation with methyl thiophene-2-carbimidate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Du
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Duan
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
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23
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Abd-El-Aziz AS, Abdelghani AA, Wagner BD, Bissessur R. Advances in Light-Emitting Dendrimers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800711. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa S. Abd-El-Aziz
- Department of Chemistry; University of Prince Edward Island; 550 University Avenue Charlottetown Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 Canada
| | - Amani A. Abdelghani
- Department of Chemistry; University of Prince Edward Island; 550 University Avenue Charlottetown Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 Canada
| | - Brian D. Wagner
- Department of Chemistry; University of Prince Edward Island; 550 University Avenue Charlottetown Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 Canada
| | - Rabin Bissessur
- Department of Chemistry; University of Prince Edward Island; 550 University Avenue Charlottetown Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 Canada
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24
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Aldrich TJ, Dudnik AS, Eastham ND, Manley EF, Chen LX, Chang RPH, Melkonyan FS, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Suppressing Defect Formation Pathways in the Direct C–H Arylation Polymerization of Photovoltaic Copolymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lin X. Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | | | - Antonio Facchetti
- Flexterra Corporation, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
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25
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Leone AK, Mueller EA, McNeil AJ. The History of Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings Should Inspire the Future of Catalyst-Transfer Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15126-15139. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Leone
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Emily A. Mueller
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Anne J. McNeil
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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26
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Gao Y, Bai J, Sui Y, Han Y, Deng Y, Tian H, Geng Y, Wang F. High Mobility Ambipolar Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymers Synthesized via Direct Arylation Polycondensation: Influence of Thiophene Moieties and Side Chains. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ying Sui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation
Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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27
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Bura T, Beaupré S, Légaré MA, Ibraikulov OA, Leclerc N, Leclerc M. Theoretical Calculations for Highly Selective Direct Heteroarylation Polymerization: New Nitrile-Substituted Dithienyl-Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Polymers. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092324. [PMID: 30213056 PMCID: PMC6225168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct Heteroarylation Polymerization (DHAP) is becoming a valuable alternative to classical polymerization methods being used to synthesize π-conjugated polymers for organic electronics applications. In previous work, we showed that theoretical calculations on activation energy (Ea) of the C–H bonds were helpful to rationalize and predict the selectivity of the DHAP. For readers’ convenience, we have gathered in this work all our previous theoretical calculations on Ea and performed new ones. Those theoretical calculations cover now most of the widely utilized electron-rich and electron-poor moieties studied in organic electronics like dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole (DT-DPP) derivatives. Theoretical calculations reported herein show strong modulation of the Ea of C–H bond on DT-DPP when a bromine atom or strong electron withdrawing groups (such as fluorine or nitrile) are added to the thienyl moiety. Based on those theoretical calculations, new cyanated dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole (CNDT-DPP) monomers and copolymers were prepared by DHAP and their electro-optical properties were compared with their non-fluorinated and fluorinated analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bura
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Serge Beaupré
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Marc-André Légaré
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Olzhas A Ibraikulov
- Laboratoire ICube, DESSP, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Énergie, l'Environnement et la Santé, ICPEES, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67087 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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29
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Ma S, Zhang G, Wang F, Dai Y, Lu H, Qiu L, Ding Y, Cho K. Tuning the Energy Levels of Aza-Heterocycle-Based Polymers for Long-Term n-Channel Bottom-Gate/Top-Contact Polymer Transistors. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) and Center for Advance Soft Electronics (CASE), Pohang 790-784, Korea
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30
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Lee JA, Luscombe CK. Dual-Catalytic Ag-Pd System for Direct Arylation Polymerization to Synthesize Poly(3-hexylthiophene). ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:767-771. [PMID: 35650765 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct arylation polymerization (DArP) has gained interest in materials chemistry as a method to synthesize conjugated polymers with minimal use of harsh reagents and additional steps. Traditional DArP conditions do not readily yield ideal polymerization characteristics, including chain-growth and low dispersities. It would be of great utility to advance DArP methodology to become competitive with traditional conjugated polymerization techniques. We have developed conditions for a dual-catalytic Ag-Pd system for the synthesis of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) that exhibits chain-growth kinetics, low dispersities, and catalyst chain association by Pd. Specifically, the presence of Ag-carboxylate additives plays a beneficial role in the polymerization as a C-H activating agent, while PEPPSI-iPr is used as the Pd source for C-C coupling. The addition of pyridine is necessary to inhibit Pd-mediated C-H activation in the interest of catalyst orthogonality, which can lower dispersities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Albert Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Christine K. Luscombe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
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31
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Ragni R, Punzi A, Babudri F, Farinola GM. Organic and Organometallic Fluorinated Materials for Electronics and Optoelectronics: A Survey on Recent Research. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ragni
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; Via Orabona, 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Angela Punzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; Via Orabona, 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Francesco Babudri
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; Via Orabona, 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Gianluca Maria Farinola
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; Via Orabona, 4 70125 Bari Italy
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32
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Chávez P, Bulut I, Fall S, Ibraikulov OA, Chochos CL, Bartringer J, Heiser T, Lévêque P, Leclerc N. An Electron-Transporting Thiazole-Based Polymer Synthesized Through Direct (Hetero)Arylation Polymerization. Molecules 2018; 23:E1270. [PMID: 29799506 PMCID: PMC6100489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a new n-type polymer based on a thiazole-diketopyrrolopyrrole unit has been synthesized through direct (hetero)arylation polycondensation. The molar mass has been optimized by systematic variation of the the monomer concentration. Optical and electrochemical properties have been studied. They clearly suggested that this polymer possess a high electron affinity together with a very interesting absorption band, making it a good non-fullerene acceptor candidate. As a consequence, its charge transport and photovoltaic properties in a blend with the usual P3HT electron-donating polymer have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Chávez
- ICPEES UMR 7515, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg 67087, France.
| | - Ibrahim Bulut
- ICPEES UMR 7515, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg 67087, France.
| | - Sadiara Fall
- ICube UMR 7357, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67037, France.
| | - Olzhas A Ibraikulov
- ICube UMR 7357, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67037, France.
| | - Christos L Chochos
- Advent Technologies SA, Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street, Platani-Rio, Patra 26504, Greece.
| | - Jérémy Bartringer
- ICube UMR 7357, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67037, France.
| | - Thomas Heiser
- ICube UMR 7357, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67037, France.
| | - Patrick Lévêque
- ICube UMR 7357, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67037, France.
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- ICPEES UMR 7515, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg 67087, France.
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33
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Wang Z, Wang M, Liu J, Liu D, Cui D. Rapid Syndiospecific (Co)Polymerization of Fluorostyrene with High Monomer Conversion. Chemistry 2017; 23:18151-18155. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zichuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Branch China
| | - Meiyan Wang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Jingyao Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Dongtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
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