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Khoo V, Ng SF, Haw CY, Ong WJ. Additive Manufacturing: A Paradigm Shift in Revolutionizing Catalysis with 3D Printed Photocatalysts and Electrocatalysts Toward Environmental Sustainability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2401278. [PMID: 38634520 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Semiconductor-based materials utilized in photocatalysts and electrocatalysts present a sophisticated solution for efficient solar energy utilization and bias control, a field extensively explored for its potential in sustainable energy and environmental management. Recently, 3D printing has emerged as a transformative technology, offering rapid, cost-efficient, and highly customizable approaches to designing photocatalysts and electrocatalysts with precise structural control and tailored substrates. The adaptability and precision of printing facilitate seamless integration, loading, and blending of diverse photo(electro)catalytic materials during the printing process, significantly reducing material loss compared to traditional methods. Despite the evident advantages of 3D printing, a comprehensive compendium delineating its application in the realm of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis is conspicuously absent. This paper initiates by delving into the fundamental principles and mechanisms underpinning photocatalysts electrocatalysts and 3D printing. Subsequently, an exhaustive overview of the latest 3D printing techniques, underscoring their pivotal role in shaping the landscape of photocatalysts and electrocatalysts for energy and environmental applications. Furthermore, the paper examines various methodologies for seamlessly incorporating catalysts into 3D printed substrates, elucidating the consequential effects of catalyst deposition on catalytic properties. Finally, the paper thoroughly discusses the challenges that necessitate focused attention and resolution for future advancements in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerine Khoo
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
| | - Sue-Faye Ng
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
| | - Choon-Yian Haw
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wee-Jun Ong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Gulei Innovation Institute, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, 363200, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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2
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Xiao Y, Xia Z, Hu W, Liu B, Lü C. Phenanthroline Derived N-Doped Carbon Dots as Robust Metal-Free Photocatalysts for PET-RAFT Polymerization and Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309893. [PMID: 38516960 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Metal-free organic photocatalysts for photo-mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization (photo-RDRP) are witnessed to make increasing advancement in the precise synthesis of polymers. However, challenges still exist in the development of high-efficiency and environmentally sustainable carbon dots (CDs)-based organocatalysts. Herein, N-doped CDs derived from phenanthroline derivative (Aphen) are prepared as metal-free photocatalysts for photoinduced electron transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization. The introduction of phenanthroline structure enhances the excited state lifetime of CDs and expands the conjugated length of their internal structure to enable the light-absorption to reach green light region, thereby enhancing photocatalytic activity. The as-designed CDs exhibit unprecedented photocatalytic capacity in photopolymerization even in large-volume reaction (100 mL) with high monomer conversion and narrow polymer dispersity (Mw/Mn < 1.20) under green light. The photocatalytic system is compatible with PET-RAFT polymerization of numerous monomers and the production of high molecular weight polyacrylate (Mn >250 000) with exquisite spatiotemporal control. Above results confirm the potential of CDs as photocatalyst, which has not been achieved with other CDs catalysts used in photo-RDRP. In addition, the construction of fluorescent polymer nanoparticles using CDs as both photocatalyst and phosphor through photoinitiated polymerization-induced self-assembly (Photo-PISA) technology is successfully demonstrated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiao
- Institute of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Zhinan Xia
- Institute of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Wanchao Hu
- Institute of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Bei Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Changli Lü
- Institute of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
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3
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Xu X, Zhang X, He H, Dai L, Hu J, Si C. Graphitic Carbon Nitride Enters the Scene: A Promising Versatile Tool for Biomedical Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 39023123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), since the pioneering work on visible-light photocatalytic water splitting in 2009, has emerged as a highly promising advanced material for environmental and energetic applications, including photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, photocatalytic hydrogen generation, and carbon dioxide reduction. Due to its distinctive two-dimensional structure, excellent chemical stability, and distinctive optical and electrical properties, g-C3N4 has garnered a considerable amount of interest in the field of biomedicine in recent years. This review focuses on the fundamental properties of g-C3N4, highlighting the synthesis and modification strategies associated with the interfacial structures of g-C3N4-based materials, including heterojunction, band gap engineering, doping, and nanocomposite hybridization. Furthermore, the biomedical applications of these materials in various domains, including biosensors, antimicrobial applications, and photocatalytic degradation of medical pollutants, are also described with the objective of spotlighting the unique advantages of g-C3N4. A summary of the challenges faced and future prospects for the advancement of g-C3N4-based materials is presented, and it is hoped that this review will inspire readers to seek further new applications for this material in biomedical and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Haodong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Lin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Chuanling Si
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
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4
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Luo X, Zhai Y, Wang P, Tian B, Liu S, Li J, Yang C, Strehmel V, Li S, Matyjaszewski K, Yilmaz G, Strehmel B, Chen Z. Light-Mediated Polymerization Catalyzed by Carbon Nanomaterials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316431. [PMID: 38012084 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials, specifically carbon dots and carbon nitrides, play a crucial role as heterogeneous photoinitiators in both radical and cationic polymerization processes. These recently introduced materials offer promising solutions to the limitations of current homogeneous systems, presenting a novel approach to photopolymerization. This review highlights the preparation and photocatalytic performance of these nanomaterials, emphasizing their application in various polymerization techniques, including photoinduced i) free radical, ii) RAFT, iii) ATRP, and iv) cationic photopolymerization. Additionally, it discusses their potential in addressing contemporary challenges and explores prospects in this field. Moreover, carbon nitrides, in particular, exhibit exceptional oxygen tolerance, underscoring their significance in radical polymerization processes and allowing their applications such as 3D printing, surface modification of coatings, and hydrogel engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
- Northeast Forestry University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yingxiang Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Bing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chenhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA-15213, USA
| | - Gorkem Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA-15213, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
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Kowalik P, Bujak P, Penkala M, Iuliano A, Wielgus I, Peret K, Pron A. Ag-In-Zn-S alloyed nanocrystals as photocatalysts of controlled light-mediated radical polymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4326-4329. [PMID: 38536064 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06088h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
We report on the first case of the use of nonstoichiometric ternary (Ag-In-Zn-S) semiconductor nanocrystals as photoinitiators and photocatalysts of methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization. Two types of nanocrystals were tested, differing in their composition and characterized by red (λmax = 731 nm) and green (λmax = 528 nm) photoluminescence, respectively. Exploiting their reducing properties and capability of free radical generation we demonstrate that under ultraviolet (UV) radiation they effectively photoinitiate radical polymerization of MMA whereas under visible light (blue or green) they act as photocatalysts of living radical polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Kowalik
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Piotr Bujak
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Penkala
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Anna Iuliano
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland.
| | - Ireneusz Wielgus
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland.
| | - Karolina Peret
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland.
| | - Adam Pron
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland.
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6
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Zhu M, Wang S, Li Z, Li J, Xu Z, Liu X, Huang X. Tyrosine residues initiated photopolymerization in living organisms. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3598. [PMID: 37328460 PMCID: PMC10276049 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Towards intracellular engineering of living organisms, the development of new biocompatible polymerization system applicable for an intrinsically non-natural macromolecules synthesis for modulating living organism function/behavior is a key step. Herein, we find that the tyrosine residues in the cofactor-free proteins can be employed to mediate controlled radical polymerization under 405 nm light. A proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism between the excited-state TyrOH* residue in proteins and the monomer or the chain transfer agent is confirmed. By using Tyr-containing proteins, a wide range of well-defined polymers are successfully generated. Especially, the developed photopolymerization system shows good biocompatibility, which can achieve in-situ extracellular polymerization from the surface of yeast cells for agglutination/anti-agglutination functional manipulation or intracellular polymerization inside yeast cells, respectively. Besides providing a universal aqueous photopolymerization system, this study should contribute a new way to generate various non-natural polymers in vitro or in vivo to engineer living organism functions and behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shengliang Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Xu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoman Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
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7
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Synthesis of soft-core hard-shell nanoparticles by visible PET-RAFT polymerization in dispersion conditions. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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8
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Visible light-responsive nanocomposite g-C3N4/CNC/PAM aerogel constructed through in-situ photoinitiation for management of wastewater containing organic/heavy metal compound contaminants. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Luo Y, Peng R, Zhang H, Cui Q, Niu P, Li L. Graphitic carbon nitride colloid as one photoinitiator for two-step polymerization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Huang Y, Sun Y, Weng Y, Zhang W. A Simple and Green Oxygen‐Tolerant RAFT Polymerization without Additional Catalyst and Initiator. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis School of Physical Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215006 P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis School of Physical Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215006 P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Weng
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis School of Physical Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215006 P. R. China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis School of Physical Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215006 P. R. China
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11
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Han S, Qiu T, Xiong C, Li X, Guo L. Tunable Nitrogen Defects on Graphitic Carbon Nitride toward the Visible-Light-Induced Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Teng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongwen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longhai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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12
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Kumru B, Giusto P, Antonietti M. Carbon nitride‐coated transparent glass vials as photoinitiators for radical polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baris Kumru
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam Germany
| | - Paolo Giusto
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam Germany
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13
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Visible light-triggered PET-RAFT polymerization by heterogeneous 2D porphyrin-based COF photocatalyst under aqueous condition. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Zhao M, Zhu S, Yang X, Wang Y, Zhou X, Xie X. A Porphyrinic Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Porous Polymer as Highly Efficient Photocatalyst for PET-RAFT Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200173. [PMID: 35481926 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysts offer a highly desirable platform for exploring environmental-benign transformation systems, yet, they typically suffer from significant loss of catalytic efficiency compared with their homogeneous counterparts. Here, the facile synthesis of a porphyrinic conjugated porous polymer incorporated with imidazolium bromide moieties by taking advantage of the Debus-Radziszewski reaction is reported. Owing to the unique donor-acceptor structure, this heterogeneous and metal-free photocatalyst exhibits much improved catalytic activity compared with its small molecular analogs in photoinduced electron transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization, producing polymers with narrow distribution (Đ = 1.06-1.18) and high degree of chain-end fidelity. Moreover, the heterogeneous catalyst can be easily separated at the end of polymerization by centrifugation and recycled for five independent PET-RAFT polymerizations without obvious decreases in catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoji Zhao
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Key Lab of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhu
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Key Lab of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Key Lab of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Key Lab of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Key Lab of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Key Lab of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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15
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Lee Y, Kwon Y, Kim Y, Yu C, Feng S, Park J, Doh J, Wannemacher R, Koo B, Gierschner J, Kwon MS. A Water-Soluble Organic Photocatalyst Discovered for Highly Efficient Additive-Free Visible-Light-Driven Grafting of Polymers from Proteins at Ambient and Aqueous Environments. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108446. [PMID: 35032043 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since the pioneering discovery of a protein bound to poly(ethylene glycol), the utility of protein-polymer conjugates (PPCs) is rapidly expanding to currently emerging applications. Photoinduced energy/electron-transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization is a very promising method to prepare structurally well-defined PPCs, as it eliminates high-cost and time-consuming deoxygenation processes due to its oxygen tolerance. However, the oxygen-tolerance behavior of PET-RAFT polymerization is not well-investigated in aqueous environments, and thereby the preparation of PPCs using PET-RAFT polymerization needs a substantial amount of sacrificial reducing agents or inert-gas purging processes. Herein a novel water-soluble and biocompatible organic photocatalyst (PC) is reported, which enables visible-light-driven additive-free "grafting-from" polymerizations of a protein in ambient and aqueous environments. Interestingly, the developed PC shows unconventional "oxygen-acceleration" behavior for a variety of acrylic and acrylamide monomers in aqueous conditions without any additives, which are apparently distinct from previously reported systems. With such a PC, "grafting-from" polymerizations are successfully performed from protein in ambient buffer conditions under green light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation, which result in various PPCs that have neutral, anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic polyacrylates, and polyacrylamides. It is believed that this PC will be widely employed for a variety of photocatalysis processes in aqueous environments, including the living cell system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungyeong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghwan Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmu Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyang Feng
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience, Calle Faraday 9, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Jeehun Park
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsang Doh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Reinhold Wannemacher
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience, Calle Faraday 9, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Byungjin Koo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dankook University, Gyeonggi-do, 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Johannes Gierschner
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience, Calle Faraday 9, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Min Sang Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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16
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Wu Z, Jung K, Wu C, Ng G, Wang L, Liu J, Boyer C. Selective Photoactivation of Trithiocarbonates Mediated by Metal Naphthalocyanines and Overcoming Activation Barriers Using Thermal Energy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:995-1005. [PMID: 35005982 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metal naphthalocyanines (MNcs) were demonstrated to be efficient photocatalysts to activate photoinduced electron-transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization, enabling well-controlled polymerization of (meth)acrylates under near-infrared (λ = 780 nm) light. Owing to their lower redox potential compared to previously explored photocatalysts, the activation of trithiocarbonate RAFT agents exhibited a unique selectivity that was dependent on the nature of the R group. Specifically, MNcs were capable in activating tertiary R group trithiocarbonates, whereas no activation of the trithiocarbonate possessing a secondary R group was observed. The combination of density functional theory calculations and experimental studies have revealed new mechanistic insights into the factors governing a PET-RAFT mechanism and explained this unique selectivity of MNcs toward tertiary carbon trithiocarbonates. Interestingly, by increasing the reaction temperature moderately (i.e., ∼15 °C), the energy barrier prohibiting the photoactivation of the trithiocarbonate with a secondary R group was overcome, enabling their successful activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.,Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Chenyu Wu
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Gervase Ng
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jingquan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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17
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Li M, Zhang J, He Y, Zhang X, Cui Z, Fu P, Liu M, Shi G, Qiao X, Pang X. Dual Enhancement of Carrier Generation and Migration on Au/g-C3N4 photocatalysts for High-Efficient Broadband PET-RAFT Polymerization. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01590g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photo-induced electron/energy transfer RAFT (PET-RAFT) polymerization can produce well-defined polymers with spatio-temporal control. Semiconductor graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as thermally and chemically stable photocatalyst, has achieved PET-RAFT method under UV-irradiation...
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18
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Ma Q, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Lin J, Graff B, Hu S, Lalevée J, Liao S. Organocatalytic PET-RAFT polymerization with a low ppm of organic photocatalyst under visible light. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01431e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of light-mediated controlled radical polymerization has benefited from the discovery of novel photocatalysts, which could allow precise light control over the polymerization process and the production of well-defined polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
| | - Xun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Junqiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Siping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Beijing 100190, China
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19
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Zhou Y, Gu C, Zheng L, Shan F, Chen G. Aqueous broadband photopolymerization on microreactor arrays: from high throughput polymerization to fabricating artificial cells. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01534f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microreactor arrays combining ZnO and polyaniline are fabricated onto the bottom of multi-well plates to catalyze broadband sunlight-driven open-to-air polymerization in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Gu
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Lifang Zheng
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Fangjian Shan
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
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20
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Zhang L, Ng G, Kapoor‐Kaushik N, Shi X, Corrigan N, Webster R, Jung K, Boyer C. 2D Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets as Multidimensional Photocatalysts for Functional Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Gervase Ng
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Natasha Kapoor‐Kaushik
- Electron Microscopy Unit Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Richard Webster
- Electron Microscopy Unit Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
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21
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Shukla S, Pandey PC, Narayan RJ. Tunable Quantum Photoinitiators for Radical Photopolymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2694. [PMID: 34451234 PMCID: PMC8398557 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the use of nanocrystal-based photocatalysts as quantum photoinitiators, including semiconductor nanocrystals (e.g., metal oxides, metal sulfides, quantum dots), carbon dots, graphene-based nanohybrids, plasmonic nanocomposites with organic photoinitiators, and tunable upconverting nanocomposites. The optoelectronic properties, cross-linking behavior, and mechanism of action of quantum photoinitiators are considered. The challenges and prospects associated with the use of quantum photoinitiators for processes such as radical polymerization, reversible deactivation radical polymerization, and photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization are reviewed. Due to their unique capabilities, we forsee a growing role for quantum photoinitiators over the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Shukla
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Prem C. Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India;
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA;
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22
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Zhu Y, Egap E. Light-Mediated Polymerization Induced by Semiconducting Nanomaterials: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. ACS POLYMERS AU 2021; 1:76-99. [PMID: 36855427 PMCID: PMC9954404 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Direct capture of solar energy for chemical transformation via photocatalysis proves to be a cost-effective and energy-saving approach to construct organic compounds. With the recent growth in photosynthesis, photopolymerization has been established as a robust strategy for the production of specialty polymers with complex structures, precise molecular weight, and narrow dispersity. A key challenge in photopolymerization is the scarcity of effective photomediators (photoinitiators, photocatalysts, etc.) that can provide polymerization with high yield and well-defined polymer products. Current efforts on developing photomediators have mainly focused on organic dyes and metal complexes. On the other hand, nanomaterials (NMs), particularly semiconducting nanomaterials (SNMs), are suitable candidates for photochemical reactions due to their unique optical and electrical properties, such as high absorption coefficients, large charge diffusion lengths, and broad absorption spectra. This review provides a comprehensive insight into SNMs' photomediated polymerizations and highlights the roles SNMs play in photopolymerizations, types of polymerizations, applications in producing advanced materials, and the future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- †Department
of Materials Science and Nanoengineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Eilaf Egap
- †Department
of Materials Science and Nanoengineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States,
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23
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Zhang L, Ng G, Kapoor-Kaushik N, Shi X, Corrigan N, Webster R, Jung K, Boyer C. 2D Porphyrinic Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets as Multidimensional Photocatalysts for Functional Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22664-22671. [PMID: 34322965 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ultrathin porphyrinic 2D MOFs, ZnTCPP nanosheets (TCPP: 5,10,15,20-(tetra-4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin) were employed as heterogeneous photocatalysts to activate PET-RAFT polymerization under various wavelengths ranging from violet to orange light. High polymerization rates, oxygen tolerance, and precise temporal control were achieved. The polymers showed narrow molecular weight distributions and good chain-end fidelity. The 2D ZnTCPP nanosheets were applied as photocatalysts in stereolithographic 3D printing in an open-air environment under blue light to yield well-defined 3D printed objects. Apart from providing an efficient catalytic system, 2D ZnTCPP nanosheets reinforced the mechanical properties of the 3D printed materials. The presence of ZnTCPP embedded in the materials conferred effective antimicrobial activity under visible light by production of singlet oxygen, affording 98 % and 93 % anti-bacterial efficiency against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Gervase Ng
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Natasha Kapoor-Kaushik
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Richard Webster
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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24
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Chen G, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Xia L, Nie X, Huang W, Wang X, Wang L, Hong C, Zhang Z, You Y. Photopolymerization performed under dark conditions using long-stored electrons in carbon nitride. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2018-2024. [PMID: 34846478 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00412c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In nature, the chemical energy and electrons stored in ATP and NADPH generated during irradiation can facilitate biochemical reactions under dark conditions. However, in artificial photoreaction systems, it is still very difficult to perform photoreactions under dark conditions due to the fact that the photogenerated charge pairs can recombine immediately upon ceasing the irradiation. Preventing the recombination of photogenerated charge pairs still constitutes a major challenge at present. Here, it is reported that functionalized carbon nitride nanomaterials having many heptazine rings with a positive charge distribution, which can tightly trap photogenerated electrons, efficiently prevent the recombination of photogenerated charges. These stored charges are exceedingly long-lived (up to months) and can drive photopolymerization without light irradiation, even after one month. The system introduced here demonstrates a new approach for storing light energy as long-lived radicals, enabling photoreactions under dark conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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25
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Zhu Y, Jin T, Lian T, Egap E. Enhancing the efficiency of semiconducting quantum dot photocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization by ligand shell engineering. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:204903. [PMID: 34241152 DOI: 10.1063/5.0051893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulating the ligand shell of semiconducting quantum dots (QDs) has proven to be a promising strategy to enhance their photocatalytic performance for small molecule transformations, such as H2 evolution and CO2 reduction. However, ligand-controlled catalysis for macromolecules, which differ from small molecules in penetrability and charge transfer behavior due to their bulky sizes, still remains undiscovered. Here, we systematically investigate the role of surface ligands in the photocatalytic performance of cadmium selenide (CdSe) QDs in light-induced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) by using thiol-based ligands with various polarities and chain lengths. A highly enhanced polymerization efficiency was observed when 3-mercapto propionic acid (MPA), a short-chain and polar ligand, was used to modify the CdSe QDs' surface, achieving high chain-end fidelity, good temporal control, and a dispersity of 1.18, while also tolerating a wide-range of functional monomers ranging from acrylates to methacrylates and fluorinated monomers. Transient absorption spectroscopy and time-resolved photoluminescence studies reveal interesting mechanistic details of electron and hole transfers from the excited QDs to the initiators and 3-MPA capping ligands, respectively, providing key mechanistic insight of these ligand controlled and QD photocatalyzed ATRP processes. The thiolate ligands were found to serve as an efficient hole acceptor for QDs, which facilitates the formation of a charge-separated state, followed by electron transfer from the conduction band edge to initiators and ultimately suppressing charge recombination within the QD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive Nebraska, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive Nebraska, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Eilaf Egap
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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26
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Oxidative Photopolymerization of 3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) via Graphitic Carbon Nitride: A Modular Toolbox for Attaining PEDOT**. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Esen C, Kumru B. Photoinduced post-modification of graphitic carbon nitride-embedded hydrogels: synthesis of 'hydrophobic hydrogels' and pore substructuring. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1323-1334. [PMID: 34136012 PMCID: PMC8182687 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are a special class of crosslinked hydrophilic polymers with a high water content through their porous structures. Post-modifications of hydrogels propose an attractive platform so that a variety of fresh functions, which are not arising from initial monomers, could be accessible on a parental network. Photoinduced post-modification of hydrogels by embedding semiconductor nanosheets would be of high interest and novelty. Here, a metal-free semiconductor graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN)-embedded hydrogel as an initial network was synthesized via redox-couple initiation under dark conditions. Post-photomodification of so-formed hydrogel, thanks to the photoactivity of the embedded g-CN nanosheets, was exemplified in two scenarios. The synthesis of 'hydrophobic hydrogel' is reported and its application in delayed cation delivery was investigated. Furthermore, pores of the initial hydrogel were modified by the formation of a secondary polymer network. Such a facile and straightforward synthetic protocol to manufacture functional soft materials will be of high interest in near future by the means of catalysis and agricultural delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Esen
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Baris Kumru
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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28
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Esen C, Antonietti M, Kumru B. Upgrading poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) beads: Incorporation of organomodified
metal‐free
semiconductor graphitic carbon nitride through suspension photopolymerization to generate photoactive resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Esen
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam Germany
| | - Baris Kumru
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam Germany
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29
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Li M, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Peng M, Yan L, Tang Z, Wu Q. Continuous Gas–Liquid–Solid Slug Flow for Sustainable Heterogeneously Catalyzed PET-RAFT Polymerization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Peng
- Analytical Instrumentation
Center, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuming Yan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Science and Technology Development, China National Offshore Oil Corporation, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Bellotti V, Simonutti R. New Light in Polymer Science: Photoinduced Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (PET-RAFT) as Innovative Strategy for the Synthesis of Advanced Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1119. [PMID: 33915928 PMCID: PMC8036437 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photochemistry has attracted great interest in the last decades in the field of polymer and material science for the synthesis of innovative materials. The merging of photochemistry and reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRP) provides good reaction control and can simplify elaborate reaction protocols. These advantages open the doors to multidisciplinary fields going from composite materials to bio-applications. Photoinduced Electron/Energy Transfer Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain-Transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization, proposed for the first time in 2014, presents significant advantages compared to other photochemical techniques in terms of applicability, cost, and sustainability. This review has the aim of providing to the readers the basic knowledge of PET-RAFT polymerization and explores the new possibilities that this innovative technique offers in terms of industrial applications, new materials production, and green conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Simonutti
- Department of Materials Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, 20125 Milan, Italy;
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31
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Corrigan N, Trujillo FJ, Xu J, Moad G, Hawker CJ, Boyer C. Divergent Synthesis of Graft and Branched Copolymers through Spatially Controlled Photopolymerization in Flow Reactors. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Jiangtao Xu
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory and Departments of Materials, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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32
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Grishin DF, Grishin ID. Modern trends in controlled synthesis of functional polymers: fundamental aspects and practical applications. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Major trends in controlled radical polymerization (CRP) or reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP), the most efficient method of synthesis of well-defined homo- and copolymers with specified parameters and properties, are critically analyzed. Recent advances associated with the three classical versions of CRP: nitroxide mediated polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization, are considered. Particular attention is paid to the prospects for the application of photoinitiation and photocatalysis in CRP. This approach, which has been intensively explored recently, brings synthetic methods of polymer chemistry closer to the light-induced processes of macromolecular synthesis occurring in living organisms. Examples are given of practical application of CRP techniques to obtain industrially valuable, high-tech polymeric products.
The bibliography includes 429 references.
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33
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Cao Q, Amini S, Kumru B, Schmidt BVKJ. Molding and Encoding Carbon Nitride-Containing Edible Oil Liquid Objects via Interfacial Toughening in Waterborne Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:4643-4651. [PMID: 33463148 PMCID: PMC7877700 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Charge interaction-driven jamming of nanoparticle monolayers at the oil-water interface can be employed as a method to mold liquids into tailored stable 3D liquid objects. Here, 3D liquid objects are fabricated via a combination of biocompatible aqueous poly(vinyl sulfonic acid, sodium salt) solution and a colloidal dispersion of highly fluorescent organo-modified graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) in edible sunflower oil. The as-formed liquid object shows stability in a broad pH range, as well as flexible pathways for efficient exchange of molecules at the liquid-liquid interphase, which allows for photodegradation of rhodamine B at the interface via visible light irradiation that also enables an encoding concept. The g-C3N4-based liquid objects point toward various applications, for example, all-liquid biphasic photocatalysis, artificial compartmentalized systems, liquid-liquid printing, or bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cao
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Shahrouz Amini
- Department
of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of
Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Baris Kumru
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, U.K.
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34
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Zhang L, Shi X, Zhang Z, Kuchel RP, Namivandi‐Zangeneh R, Corrigan N, Jung K, Liang K, Boyer C. Porphyrinic Zirconium Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Heterogeneous Photocatalysts for PET‐RAFT Polymerization and Stereolithography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Zhiheng Zhang
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Rhiannon P Kuchel
- Electron Microscope Unit Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Rashin Namivandi‐Zangeneh
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Kang Liang
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
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35
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Zhang L, Shi X, Zhang Z, Kuchel RP, Namivandi‐Zangeneh R, Corrigan N, Jung K, Liang K, Boyer C. Porphyrinic Zirconium Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Heterogeneous Photocatalysts for PET‐RAFT Polymerization and Stereolithography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5489-5496. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Zhiheng Zhang
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Rhiannon P Kuchel
- Electron Microscope Unit Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Rashin Namivandi‐Zangeneh
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Kang Liang
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
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36
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Xiao L, Li Q, Liu Y, Fu X, Zhao Y, Cai J, Yin X, Hou L. Durable and recyclable conjugated microporous polymer mediated controlled radical polymerization under white LED light irradiation. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01241j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the first example of the use of a conjugated microporous polymer material (EI-CMP) as a heterogeneous catalyst in reversible complexation-mediated radical polymerization under white LED light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqiang Xiao
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Fuzhou University, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyu Li
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
| | - Yabin Liu
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Fu
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
| | - Yulai Zhao
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Cai
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Yin
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
| | - Linxi Hou
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Specialty Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
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37
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Yang H, Lu Z, Fu X, Li Q, Xiao L, Zhao R, Zhao Y, Hou L. Multipath oxygen-mediated PET-RAFT polymerization by a conjugated organic polymer photocatalyst under red LED irradiation. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01058a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
TCPP-DMTA-COP has been synthesized and serves as a heterogeneous photocatalyst in a multipath aerobic-mediated reductive quenching pathway (O-RQP) for a PET-RAFT polymerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Yang
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Fu
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyu Li
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Longqiang Xiao
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
| | - Rukai Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yulai Zhao
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Linxi Hou
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
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38
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Zhang L, Liu R, Huang Z, Xu J. How does the single unit monomer insertion technique promote kinetic analysis of activation and initiation in photo-RAFT processes? Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01413c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The single unit monomer insertion technique provides a simple platform for the kinetic investigation of early stage of photo-RAFT process that comprises photo-activation of initial RAFT agents and addition of RAFT leaving radicals to the monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- Australia
| | - Ruizhe Liu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- Australia
| | - Zixuan Huang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- Australia
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39
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Zhang J, Li M, He Y, Zhang X, Cui Z, Fu P, Liu M, Qiao X, Zhao Q, Pang X. From 0-dimension to 1-dimensions: Au nanocrystals as versatile plasmonic photocatalyst for broadband light induced RAFT polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00088h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles and nanorods were utilized as the catalyst for photo-induced RAFT polymerization, because of their strong LSPR performance.
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40
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Lu Z, Fu X, Yang H, Zhao Y, Xiao L, Hou L. A covalent organic framework as a photocatalyst for atom transfer radical polymerization under white light irradiation. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01545h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
TFPPy-Td-COFs have been synthesized to serve as heterogeneous photocatalysts for mediating photo-induced ATRP with copper as a co-catalyst under white light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lu
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Fu
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P.R. China
| | - Hongjie Yang
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P.R. China
| | - Yulai Zhao
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P.R. China
| | - Longqiang Xiao
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P.R. China
| | - Linxi Hou
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P.R. China
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41
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An Z, Zhu S, An Z. Heterogeneous photocatalytic reversible deactivation radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00130b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) permits the use of sustainable solar light for spatiotemporal regulation of radical polymerization under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin An
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Shilong Zhu
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Zesheng An
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
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42
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Doerr AM, Burroughs JM, Gitter SR, Yang X, Boydston AJ, Long BK. Advances in Polymerizations Modulated by External Stimuli. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Doerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Justin M. Burroughs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Sean R. Gitter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xuejin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Brian K. Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
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43
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Zhang J, Frank BD, Kumru B, Schmidt BVKJ. Graphitic Carbon Nitride Stabilized Water-in-Water Emulsions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000433. [PMID: 33103292 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous multiphase systems have attracted a lot of interest recently espeically due to target applications in the biomedical field, cosmetics, and food. In turn, water-in-water Pickering emulsions are investigated frequently. In here, graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) stabilized water-in-water Pickering emulsions are fabricated via the dextran and poly(ethylene glycol)-based aqueous two-phase system. Five different derivatives of g-CN as the Pickering stabilizer are described and the effect of g-CN concentration on droplet sizes is investigated. Stable emulsions (up to 16 weeks) are obtained that can be broken on purpose via various approaches, including dilution, surfactant addition, and most notably light irradiation. The novel approach of water-in-water emulsion stabilization via g-CN opens up considerable advances in aqueous multiphase systems and may also introduce photocatalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrui Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Bradley D Frank
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Baris Kumru
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Bernhard V K J Schmidt
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany.,School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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44
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Nothling MD, Fu Q, Reyhani A, Allison‐Logan S, Jung K, Zhu J, Kamigaito M, Boyer C, Qiao GG. Progress and Perspectives Beyond Traditional RAFT Polymerization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001656. [PMID: 33101866 PMCID: PMC7578854 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of advanced materials based on well-defined polymeric architectures is proving to be a highly prosperous research direction across both industry and academia. Controlled radical polymerization techniques are receiving unprecedented attention, with reversible-deactivation chain growth procedures now routinely leveraged to prepare exquisitely precise polymer products. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a powerful protocol within this domain, where the unique chemistry of thiocarbonylthio (TCT) compounds can be harnessed to control radical chain growth of vinyl polymers. With the intense recent focus on RAFT, new strategies for initiation and external control have emerged that are paving the way for preparing well-defined polymers for demanding applications. In this work, the cutting-edge innovations in RAFT that are opening up this technique to a broader suite of materials researchers are explored. Emerging strategies for activating TCTs are surveyed, which are providing access into traditionally challenging environments for reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. The latest advances and future perspectives in applying RAFT-derived polymers are also shared, with the goal to convey the rich potential of RAFT for an ever-expanding range of high-performance applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell D. Nothling
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment (CTWW)School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW2007Australia
| | - Amin Reyhani
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
| | - Stephanie Allison‐Logan
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)School of Chemical EngineeringUNWSSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Jian Zhu
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Material ScienceDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Masami Kamigaito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya UniversityFuro‐cho, Chikusa‐kuNagoya464‐8603Japan
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)School of Chemical EngineeringUNWSSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
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45
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Allison‐Logan S, Fu Q, Sun Y, Liu M, Xie J, Tang J, Qiao GG. From UV to NIR: A Full‐Spectrum Metal‐Free Photocatalyst for Efficient Polymer Synthesis in Aqueous Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21392-21396. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Allison‐Logan
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW) School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney Ultimo NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Yongkang Sun
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Min Liu
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Jijia Xie
- Solar Energy & Advanced Materials Research Group Department of Chemical Engineering University College London Torrington Place London WC1E JE UK
| | - Junwang Tang
- Solar Energy & Advanced Materials Research Group Department of Chemical Engineering University College London Torrington Place London WC1E JE UK
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
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46
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Allison‐Logan S, Fu Q, Sun Y, Liu M, Xie J, Tang J, Qiao GG. From UV to NIR: A Full‐Spectrum Metal‐Free Photocatalyst for Efficient Polymer Synthesis in Aqueous Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Allison‐Logan
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW) School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney Ultimo NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Yongkang Sun
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Min Liu
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Jijia Xie
- Solar Energy & Advanced Materials Research Group Department of Chemical Engineering University College London Torrington Place London WC1E JE UK
| | - Junwang Tang
- Solar Energy & Advanced Materials Research Group Department of Chemical Engineering University College London Torrington Place London WC1E JE UK
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
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47
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Kumru B, Antonietti M. Colloidal properties of the metal-free semiconductor graphitic carbon nitride. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 283:102229. [PMID: 32795670 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The metal-free, polymeric semiconductor graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) family is an emerging class of materials and has striking advantages compared to other semiconductors, i.e. ease of tunability, low cost and synthesis from abundant precursors in a chemical environment. Efforts have been done to improve the properties of g-CN, such as photocatalytic efficiency, designing novel composites, processability and scalability towards discovering novel applications as a remedy for the problems that we are facing today. Despite the fact that the main efforts to improve g-CN come from a catalysis perspective, many fundamental possibilities arise from the special colloidal properties of carbon nitride particles, from synthesis to applications. This review will display how typical colloid chemistry tools can be employed to make 'better g-CNs' and how up to now overseen properties can be levered by integrating a colloid and interface perspective into materials chemistry. Establishing a knowledge on the origins of colloidal behavior of g-CN will be the core of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Kumru
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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48
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49
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Yandrapalli N, Robinson T, Antonietti M, Kumru B. Graphitic Carbon Nitride Stabilizers Meet Microfluidics: From Stable Emulsions to Photoinduced Synthesis of Hollow Polymer Spheres. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2001180. [PMID: 32614519 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) has been utilized as a heterogeneous catalyst, but is usually not very well dispersible. The amphiphilic character of g-CN can be altered by surface modifications of g-CN nanopowders. Introducing hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity is a promising avenue for producing advanced emulsion systems. In this study, a special surface-modified g-CN is used to form stable Pickering emulsions. Using a PDMS-based microfluidic device designed for stable production of both single and double emulsions, it is shown that surface-modified g-CNs allow the manufacture of unconventionally stable and precise Pickering emulsions. Shell thickness of the double emulsions is varied to emphasize the robustness of the device and also to demonstrate the extraordinary stabilization brought by the surface-modified carbon nitride used in this study. Due to the electrostatic stabilization also in the oil phase, double emulsions are centered. Finally, when produced from polymerizable styrene, hollow polymer microparticles are formed with precise and tunable sizes, where g-CN is utilized as the only stabilizer and photoinitiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Yandrapalli
- Department of Theory & Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14424, Germany
| | - Tom Robinson
- Department of Theory & Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14424, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14424, Germany
| | - Baris Kumru
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14424, Germany
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Ma Y, Chen D, Zhao C, Yang W. Polythioethers with Controlled α,ω‐End Groups Prepared by Visible Light Induced Thiol–Ene Click Polymerization of Dithiol and Divinyl Ether with 4‐(
N
,
N
‐diphenylamino)benzaldehyde as Organocatalyst. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional PolymersMinistry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xianhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional PolymersMinistry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yuhong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional PolymersMinistry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional PolymersMinistry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Changwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional PolymersMinistry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Wantai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional PolymersMinistry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
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