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Tiwari AK, Gupta MK, Meena R, Pandey PC, Narayan RJ. Molecular Weights of Polyethyleneimine-Dependent Physicochemical Tuning of Gold Nanoparticles and FRET-Based Turn-On Sensing of Polymyxin B. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2169. [PMID: 38610380 PMCID: PMC11014186 DOI: 10.3390/s24072169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Environmental monitoring and the detection of antibiotic contaminants require expensive and time-consuming techniques. To overcome these challenges, gold nanoparticle-mediated fluorometric "turn-on" detection of Polymyxin B (PMB) in an aqueous medium was undertaken. The molecular weight of polyethyleneimine (PEI)-dependent physicochemical tuning of gold nanoparticles (PEI@AuNPs) was achieved and employed for the same. The three variable molecular weights of branched polyethyleneimine (MW 750, 60, and 1.3 kDa) molecules controlled the nano-geometry of the gold nanoparticles along with enhanced stabilization at room temperature. The synthesized gold nanoparticles were characterized through various advanced techniques. The results revealed that polyethyleneimine-stabilized gold nanoparticles (PEI@AuNP-1-3) were 4.5, 7.0, and 52.5 nm in size with spherical shapes, and the zeta potential values were 29.9, 22.5, and 16.6 mV, respectively. Accordingly, the PEI@AuNPs probes demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity, with a linear relationship curve over a concentration range of 1-6 μM for polymyxin B. The limit of detection (LOD) was calculated as 8.5 nM. This is the first unique report of gold nanoparticle nano-geometry-dependent FRET-based turn-on detection of PMB in an aqueous medium. We believe that this approach would offer a complementary strategy for the development of a highly sophisticated and advanced sensing system for PMB and act as a template for the development of new nanomaterial-based engineered sensors for rapid antibiotic detection in environmental as well as biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
| | - Munesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
| | - Ramovatar Meena
- School of Environmental Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India;
| | - Prem C. Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27695, USA
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Tiwari AK, Gupta MK, Yadav HP, Narayan RJ, Pandey PC. Aggregation-Resistant, Turn-On-Off Fluorometric Sensing of Glutathione and Nickel (II) Using Vancomycin-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles. Biosensors (Basel) 2024; 14:49. [PMID: 38248426 PMCID: PMC10813625 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) and nickel (II) cation have an indispensable role in various physiological processes, including preventing the oxidative damage of cells and acting as a cofactor for lipid metabolic enzymes. An imbalance in the physiological level of these species may cause serious health complications. Therefore, sensitive and selective fluorescent probes for the detection of GSH and nickel (II) are of great interest for clinical as well as environmental monitoring. Herein, vancomycin-conjugated gold nanoparticles (PEI-AuNP@Van) were prepared and employed for the detection of GSH and nickel (II) based on a turn-on-off mechanism. The as-synthesized PEI-AuNP@Van was ~7.5 nm in size; it exhibited a spherical shape with face-centered cubic lattice symmetry. As compared to vancomycin unconjugated gold nanoparticles, GSH led to the turn-on state of PEI-AuNP@Van, while Ni2+ acted as a fluorescence quencher (turn-off) without the aggregation of nanoparticles. These phenomena strongly justify the active role of vancomycin conjugation for the detection of GSH and Ni2+. The turn-on-off kinetics was linearly proportional over the concentration range between 0.05-0.8 µM and 0.05-6.4 μM. The detection limits were 205.9 and 90.5 nM for GSH and Ni2+, respectively; these results are excellent in comparison to previous reports. This study demonstrates the active role of vancomycin conjugation for sensing of GSH and Ni2+ along with PEI-AuNP@Van as a promising nanoprobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (A.K.T.); (H.P.Y.)
| | - Munesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
| | - Hari Prakash Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (A.K.T.); (H.P.Y.)
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27695, USA
| | - Prem C. Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (A.K.T.); (H.P.Y.)
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Tabish TA, Zhu Y, Shukla S, Kadian S, Sangha GS, Lygate CA, Narayan RJ. Graphene nanocomposites for real-time electrochemical sensing of nitric oxide in biological systems. Appl Phys Rev 2023; 10:041310. [PMID: 38229764 PMCID: PMC7615530 DOI: 10.1063/5.0162640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) signaling plays many pivotal roles impacting almost every organ function in mammalian physiology, most notably in cardiovascular homeostasis, inflammation, and neurological regulation. Consequently, the ability to make real-time and continuous measurements of NO is a prerequisite research tool to understand fundamental biology in health and disease. Despite considerable success in the electrochemical sensing of NO, challenges remain to optimize rapid and highly sensitive detection, without interference from other species, in both cultured cells and in vivo. Achieving these goals depends on the choice of electrode material and the electrode surface modification, with graphene nanostructures recently reported to enhance the electrocatalytic detection of NO. Due to its single-atom thickness, high specific surface area, and highest electron mobility, graphene holds promise for electrochemical sensing of NO with unprecedented sensitivity and specificity even at sub-nanomolar concentrations. The non-covalent functionalization of graphene through supermolecular interactions, including π-π stacking and electrostatic interaction, facilitates the successful immobilization of other high electrolytic materials and heme biomolecules on graphene while maintaining the structural integrity and morphology of graphene sheets. Such nanocomposites have been optimized for the highly sensitive and specific detection of NO under physiologically relevant conditions. In this review, we examine the building blocks of these graphene-based electrochemical sensors, including the conjugation of different electrolytic materials and biomolecules on graphene, and sensing mechanisms, by reflecting on the recent developments in materials and engineering for real-time detection of NO in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer A. Tabish
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, USA
| | - Shubhangi Shukla
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, USA
| | - Sachin Kadian
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, USA
| | - Gurneet S. Sangha
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Dr., College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Craig A. Lygate
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, USA
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Joshi N, Azizi Machekposhti S, Narayan RJ. Evolution of Transdermal Drug Delivery Devices and Novel Microneedle Technologies: A Historical Perspective and Review. JID Innov 2023; 3:100225. [PMID: 37744689 PMCID: PMC10514214 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2023.100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The history of transdermal drug delivery is as old as humankind. Transdermal drug delivery has undergone three generations of development; the third generation has involved the use of medical devices and instruments. This review provides a historical perspective on the primary approaches employed in the three generations of transdermal drug delivery. In addition, we explore some of the recently developed transdermal techniques that are deemed promising in the field of drug delivery. We discuss how advances in these techniques have led to the development of devices for the delivery of a therapeutically effective amount of drug across human skin and highlight the limitations of the first- and second-generation drug delivery tools. As such, a review of the performance of these techniques and the toxicity of the devices used in transdermal drug delivery are considered. In the last section of the review, a discussion of the fabrication and operation of different types of microneedles is presented. The applications of microneedles in the sensing and delivery of various therapeutic agents are described in detail. Furthermore, an overview of the efficacy of microneedles as emerging tools for the controlled release of drugs is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Joshi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sina Azizi Machekposhti
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Shukla S, Jakowski J, Kadian S, Narayan RJ. Computational approaches to delivery of anticancer drugs with multidimensional nanomaterials. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4149-4158. [PMID: 37675288 PMCID: PMC10477808 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Functionalized nanotubes (NTs), nanosheets, nanorods, and porous organometallic scaffolds are potential in vivo carriers for cancer therapeutics. Precise delivery through these agents depends on factors like hydrophobicity, payload capacity, bulk/surface adsorption, orientation of molecules inside the host matrix, bonding, and nonbonding interactions. Herein, we summarize advances in simulation techniques, which are extremely valuable in initial geometry optimization and evaluation of the loading and unloading behavior of encapsulated drug molecules. Computational methods broadly involve the use of quantum and classical mechanics for studying the behavior of molecular properties. Combining theoretical processes with experimental techniques, such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and bioassays, can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of biological molecules. This integrated approach has led to numerous breakthroughs in drug discovery, enzyme design, and the study of complex biological processes. This short review provides an overview of results and challenges described from erstwhile investigations on the molecular interaction of anticancer drugs with nanocarriers of different aspect ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Shukla
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, United States
| | - Jacek Jakowski
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Sachin Kadian
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, United States
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, United States
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Machekposhti SA, Kadian S, Vanderwal L, Stafslien S, Narayan RJ. Novel hollow biodegradable microneedle for amphotericin B delivery. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e321. [PMID: 37426679 PMCID: PMC10323634 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Azizi Machekposhti
- Joint UNC/NCSU Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sachin Kadian
- Joint UNC/NCSU Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Lyndsi Vanderwal
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric MaterialsNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth DakotaUSA
| | - Shane Stafslien
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric MaterialsNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth DakotaUSA
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Joint UNC/NCSU Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
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Tiwari AK, Yadav HP, Gupta MK, Narayan RJ, Pandey PC. Synthesis of vancomycin functionalized fluorescent gold nanoparticles and selective sensing of mercury (II). Front Chem 2023; 11:1238631. [PMID: 37593107 PMCID: PMC10427866 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1238631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mercury ions (Hg2+) are widely found in the environment; it is considered a major pollutant. Therefore, the rapid and reliable detection of Hg2+ is of great technical interest. In this study, a highly fluorescent, sensitive, and selective fluorometric assay for detecting Hg2+ ions was developed using vancomycin functionalized and polyethyleneimine stabilized gold nanoparticles (PEI-f-AuNPs@Van). The as-made gold nanoparticles were highly fluorescent, with excitation and emission maxima occurring at 320 and 418 nm, respectively. The size of nanoparticles was ~7 nm; a zeta potential of ~38.8 mV was determined. The XRD analysis confirmed that the nanoparticles possessed crystalline structure with face centerd cubic symmetry. Using the PEI-f-AuNP@Van probe, the detection limit of Hg2+ ion was achieved up to 0.988 nM (within a linear range) by calculating the KSV. However, the detection limit in a natural environmental sample was shown to be 12.5 nM. Furthermore, the selectivity tests confirmed that the designed probe was highly selective to mercury (II) cations among tested other divalent cations. Owing to its sensitivity and selectivity, this approach for Hg2+ ions detection can be utilized for the analysis of real water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Hari Prakash Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Munesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Prem C. Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Kadian S, Chaulagain N, Joshi NN, Alam KM, Cui K, Shankar K, Manik G, Narayan RJ. Probe sonication-assisted rapid synthesis of highly fluorescent sulfur quantum dots. Nanotechnology 2023; 34. [PMID: 37158486 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acd00a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A new type of heavy-metal free single-element nanomaterial, called sulfur quantum dots (SQDs), has gained significant attention due to its advantages over traditional semiconductor QDs for several biomedical and optoelectronic applications. A straightforward and rapid synthesis approach for preparing highly fluorescent SQDs is needed to utilize this nanomaterial for technological applications. Until now, only a few synthesis approaches have been reported; however, these approaches are associated with long reaction times and low quantum yields (QY). Herein, we propose a novel optimized strategy to synthesize SQDs using a mix of probe sonication and heating, which reduces the reaction time usually needed from 125 h to a mere 15 min. The investigation employs cavitation and vibration effects of high energy acoustic waves to break down the bulk sulfur into nano-sized particles in the presence of highly alkaline medium and oleic acid. In contrast to previous reports, the obtained SQDs exhibited excellent aqueous solubility, desirable photostability, and a relatively high photoluminescence QY up to 10.4% without the need of any post-treatment. Additionally, the as-synthesized SQDs show excitation-dependent emission and excellent stability in different pH (2-12) and temperature (20 °C-80 °C) environments. Hence, this strategy opens a new pathway for rapid synthesis of SQDs and may facilitate the use of these materials for biomedical and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kadian
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, India
- Department of Electricaland Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America
| | - Narendra Chaulagain
- Department of Electricaland Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Naveen Narasimhachar Joshi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centennial Campus North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, United States of America
| | - Kazi M Alam
- Department of Electricaland Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Kai Cui
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electricaland Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Gaurav Manik
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, India
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centennial Campus North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, United States of America
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Nguyen AK, Nelson SB, Skoog SA, Jaipan P, Petrochenko PE, Kaiser A, Lo L, Moreno J, Narayan RJ, Goering PL, Kumar G. Effect of simulated body fluid formulation on orthopedic device apatite-forming ability assessment. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:987-995. [PMID: 36444900 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Integration of native bone into orthopedic devices is a key factor in long-term implant success. The material-tissue interface is generally accepted to consist of a hydroxyapatite layer so bioactive materials that can spontaneously generate this hydroxyapatite layer after implantation may improve patient outcomes. Per the ISO 22317:2014 standard, "Implants for surgery - In vitro evaluation for apatite-forming ability of implant materials," bioactivity performance statements can be assessed by soaking the material in simulated body fluid (SBF) and evaluating the surface for the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer; however, variations in test methods may alter hydroxyapatite formation and result in false-positive assessments. The goal of this study was to identify the effect of SBF formulation on bioactivity assessment. Bioglass® (45S5 and S53P4) and non-bioactive Ti-6Al-4V were exposed to SBF formulations varying in calcium ion and phosphate concentrations as well as supporting ion concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction evaluation of the resulting hydroxyapatite layers revealed that SBF enriched with double or quadruple the calcium and phosphate ion concentrations increased hydroxyapatite crystal size and quantity compared to the standard formulation and can induce hydroxyapatite crystallization on surfaces traditionally considered non-bioactive. Altering concentrations of other ions, for example, bicarbonate, changed hydroxyapatite induction time, quantity, and morphology. For studies evaluating the apatite-forming ability of a material to support bioactivity performance statements, test method parameters must be adequately described and controlled. It is unclear if apatite formation after exposure to any of the SBF formulations is representative of an in vivo biological response. The ISO 23317 standard test method should be further developed to provide additional guidance on apatite characterization and interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Nguyen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC/NCSU, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah B Nelson
- Office of Product Evaluation and Quality, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Shelby A Skoog
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Panupong Jaipan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC/NCSU, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter E Petrochenko
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Aric Kaiser
- Office of Product Evaluation and Quality, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Linh Lo
- Office of Product Evaluation and Quality, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jose Moreno
- Office of Product Evaluation and Quality, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC/NCSU, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter L Goering
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Girish Kumar
- Office of Product Evaluation and Quality, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Tiwari AK, Gupta MK, Narayan RJ, Pandey PC. A whole cell fluorescence quenching-based approach for the investigation of polyethyleneimine functionalized silver nanoparticles interaction with Candida albicans. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1131122. [PMID: 36925472 PMCID: PMC10011178 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1131122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of metal nanoparticles can be considered a two-step process. In the first step, nanoparticles interact with the cell surface; the second step involves the implementation of the microbicidal processes. Silver nanoparticles have been widely explored for their antimicrobial activity against many pathogens. The interaction dynamics of functionalized silver nanoparticles at the biological interface must be better understood to develop surface-tuned biocompatible nanomaterial-containing formulations with selective antimicrobial activity. Herein, this study used the intrinsic fluorescence of whole C. albicans cells as a molecular probe to understand the cell surface interaction dynamics of polyethyleneimine-functionalized silver nanoparticles and antifungal mechanism of the same. The results demonstrated that synthesized PEI-f-Ag-NPs were ~ 5.6 ± 1.2 nm in size and exhibited a crystalline structure. Furthermore, the recorded zeta potential (+18.2 mV) was associated with the stability of NPS and shown a strong electrostatic interaction tendency between the negatively charged cell surface. Thus, rapid killing kinetics was observed, with a remarkably low MIC value of 5 μg/mL. PEI-f-Ag-NPs quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of C. albicans cells with increasing incubation time and concentration and have shown saturation effect within 120 min. The calculated binding constant (Kb = 1 × 105 M-1, n = 1.01) indicated strong binding tendency of PEI-f-Ag-NPs with C. albicans surface. It should also be noted that the silver nanoparticles interacted more selectively with the tyrosine-rich proteins in the fungal cell. However, calcofluor white fluorescence quenching showed non-specific binding on the cell surface. Thus, the antifungal mechanisms of PEI-f-Ag-NPs were observed as reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and cell wall pit formation. This study demonstrated the utility of fluorescence spectroscopy for qualitative analysis of polyethyleneimine-functionalized silver nanoparticle interaction/binding with C. albicans cell surface biomolecules. Although, a quantitative approach is needed to better understand the interaction dynamics in order to formulate selective surface tuned nanoparticle for selective antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Munesh Kumar Gupta
- Mycology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Prem C Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Shukla S, Huston RH, Cox BD, Satoskar AR, Narayan RJ. Transdermal delivery via medical device technologies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1505-1519. [PMID: 36222232 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2135503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite their effectiveness and indispensability, many drugs are poorly solvated in aqueous solutions. Over recent decades, the need for targeted drug delivery has led to the development of pharmaceutical formulations with enhanced lipid solubility to improve their delivery properties. Therefore, a dependable approach for administering lipid-soluble drugs needs to be developed. AREAS COVERED The advent of 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized the development of medical devices, which can effectively enable the delivery of lipophilic drugs to the targeted tissues. This review focuses on the use of microneedles and iontophoresis for transdermal drug delivery. Microneedle arrays, inkjet printing, and fused deposition modeling have emerged as valuable approaches for delivering several classes of drugs. In addition, iontophoresis has been successfully employed for the effective delivery of macromolecular drugs. EXPERT OPINION Microneedle arrays, inkjet printing, and fused deposition are potentially useful for many drug delivery applications; however, the clinical and commercial adoption rates of these technologies are relatively low. Additional efforts is needed to enable the pharmaceutical community to fully realize the benefits of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Shukla
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA
| | - Ryan H Huston
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 484 W. 12 Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Blake D Cox
- Division of Anatomy, The Ohio State University, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA
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Azizi Machekposhti S, Nguyen AK, Vanderwal L, Stafslien S, Narayan RJ. Micromolding of Amphotericin-B-Loaded Methoxyethylene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Microneedles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081551. [PMID: 35893806 PMCID: PMC9331399 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible and biodegradable materials have been used for fabricating polymeric microneedles to deliver therapeutic drug molecules through the skin. Microneedles have advantages over other drug delivery methods, such as low manufacturing cost, controlled drug release, and the reduction or absence of pain. The study examined the delivery of amphotericin B, an antifungal agent, using microneedles that were fabricated using a micromolding technique. The microneedle matrix was made from GantrezTM AN-119 BF, a benzene-free methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer. The GantrezTM AN-119 BF was mixed with water; after water evaporation, the polymer exhibited sufficient strength for microneedle fabrication. Molds cured at room temperature remained sharp and straight. SEM images showed straight and sharp needle tips; a confocal microscope was used to determine the height and tip diameter for the microneedles. Nanoindentation was used to obtain the hardness and Young’s modulus values of the polymer. Load–displacement testing was used to assess the failure force of the needles under compressive loading. These two mechanical tests confirmed the mechanical properties of the needles. In vitro studies validated the presence of amphotericin B in the needles and the antifungal properties of the needles. Amphotericin B GantrezTM microneedles fabricated in this study showed appropriate characteristics for clinical translation in terms of mechanical properties, sharpness, and antifungal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Azizi Machekposhti
- Joint UNC/NCSU Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (S.A.M.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Alexander K. Nguyen
- Joint UNC/NCSU Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (S.A.M.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Lyndsi Vanderwal
- Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (L.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Shane Stafslien
- Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (L.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Joint UNC/NCSU Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (S.A.M.); (A.K.N.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Reddy VS, Agarwal B, Ye Z, Zhang C, Roy K, Chinnappan A, Narayan RJ, Ramakrishna S, Ghosh R. Recent Advancement in Biofluid-Based Glucose Sensors Using Invasive, Minimally Invasive, and Non-Invasive Technologies: A Review. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:1082. [PMID: 35407200 PMCID: PMC9000490 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors have potentially revolutionized the biomedical field. Their portability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of operation have made the market for these biosensors to grow rapidly. Diabetes mellitus is the condition of having high glucose content in the body, and it has become one of the very common conditions that is leading to deaths worldwide. Although it still has no cure or prevention, if monitored and treated with appropriate medication, the complications can be hindered and mitigated. Glucose content in the body can be detected using various biological fluids, namely blood, sweat, urine, interstitial fluids, tears, breath, and saliva. In the past decade, there has been an influx of potential biosensor technologies for continuous glucose level estimation. This literature review provides a comprehensive update on the recent advances in the field of biofluid-based sensors for glucose level detection in terms of methods, methodology and materials used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vundrala Sumedha Reddy
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore; (V.S.R.); (Z.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Bhawana Agarwal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, BITS Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India;
| | - Zhen Ye
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore; (V.S.R.); (Z.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Chuanqi Zhang
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore; (V.S.R.); (Z.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Kallol Roy
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore;
| | - Amutha Chinnappan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore; (V.S.R.); (Z.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore; (V.S.R.); (Z.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Rituparna Ghosh
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore; (V.S.R.); (Z.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.C.)
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14
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Joshi N, Shukla S, Narayan RJ. Novel photonic methods for diagnosis of
SARS‐CoV
‐2 infection. Transl Biophotonics 2022; 4:e202200001. [PMID: 35602265 PMCID: PMC9111306 DOI: 10.1002/tbio.202200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Joshi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - Shubhangi Shukla
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
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15
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Abstract
Naloxone and nalmefene were administered to seven research beagle dogs (mean weight approximately 12 kg) at doses of 0.04 mg/kg and 0.014 mg/kg for naloxone and nalmefene, respectively. Each dose was administered intramuscularly (IM) with a standard IM injection and with a hollow microneedle device array using needles of 1 mm in length. The IM injection was delivered in the epaxial muscles, and the microneedle injection was delivered in the skin over the shoulder of each dog. Each dog received the same injections in a crossover design. Following the injection, blood samples were collected for plasma analysis of naloxone and nalmefene by high-pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (LCMS). The plasma sample concentrations were plotted for observed patterns of absorption and analyzed with non-compartmental pharmacokinetic methods (NCA). The results showed that the injection of naloxone from the microneedle device produced a higher peak concentration (CMAX) by 2.15 × compared the IM injection of the same dose, and time to peak concentration (TMAX) was similar. For the nalmefene injection, the peak was not as high (lower CMAX) by 0.94 × for the microneedle injection compared to the IM injection of the same dose. The microneedle produced an exposure, measured by area under the curve (AUC), that was 0.85 × and 0.58 × as high for naloxone and nalmefene, respectively, than the injection by the IM route. We also observed that although the dose for naloxone was approximately 3 × higher for naloxone compared to nalmefene, the mean peak concentration achieved from the naloxone injection was more than 12 × higher than that from the nalmefene injection. These studies were designed to test the feasibility of using the hollow microneedle array as an effective method of naloxone and nalmefene delivery for emergency treatment of opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD). The results of these studies will form the basis of future studies, using the dog as a model, for development of hollow microneedle microarray devices to deliver opioid antagonists for treatment of OIRD in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Papich
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
| | - Roger J Narayan
- College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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16
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Tabish TA, Hayat H, Abbas A, Narayan RJ. Graphene Quantum Dots-Based Electrochemical Biosensing Platform for Early Detection of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:bios12020077. [PMID: 35200338 PMCID: PMC8869523 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure resulting from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an important global health problem. Treatments of heart failure and AMI have improved significantly over the past two decades; however, the available diagnostic tests only give limited insights into these heterogeneous conditions at a reversible stage and are not precise enough to evaluate the status of the tissue at high risk. Innovative diagnostic tools for more accurate, more reliable, and early diagnosis of AMI are urgently needed. A promising solution is the timely identification of prognostic biomarkers, which is crucial for patients with AMI, as myocardial dysfunction and infarction lead to more severe and irreversible changes in the cardiovascular system over time. The currently available biomarkers for AMI detection include cardiac troponin I (cTnI), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, and creatine kinase and myoglobin. Most recently, electrochemical biosensing technologies coupled with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have emerged as a promising platform for the identification of troponin and myoglobin. The results suggest that GQDs-integrated electrochemical biosensors can provide useful prognostic information about AMI at an early, reversible, and potentially curable stage. GQDs offer several advantages over other nanomaterials that are used for the electrochemical detection of AMI such as strong interactions between cTnI and GQDs, low biomarker consumption, and reusability of the electrode; graphene-modified electrodes demonstrate excellent electrochemical responses due to the conductive nature of graphene and other features of GQDs (e.g., high specific surface area, π-π interactions with the analyte, facile electron-transfer mechanisms, size-dependent optical features, interplay between bandgap and photoluminescence, electrochemical luminescence emission capability, biocompatibility, and ease of functionalization). Other advantages include the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, and epoxide groups, which enhance the solubility and dispersibility of GQDs in a wide variety of solvents and biological media. In this perspective article, we consider the emerging knowledge regarding the early detection of AMI using GQDs-based electrochemical sensors and address the potential role of this sensing technology which might lead to more efficient care of patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer A. Tabish
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Hasan Hayat
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Wales SA1 8EN, UK;
| | - Aumber Abbas
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, USA
- Correspondence:
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17
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Riley PR, Joshi P, Azizi Machekposhti S, Sachan R, Narayan J, Narayan RJ. Enhanced Vapor Transmission Barrier Properties via Silicon-Incorporated Diamond-Like Carbon Coating. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203543. [PMID: 34685307 PMCID: PMC8537770 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe reducing the moisture vapor transmission through a commercial polymer bag material using a silicon-incorporated diamond-like carbon (Si-DLC) coating that was deposited using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The structure of the Si-DLC coating was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, selective area electron diffraction, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) testing was used to understand the moisture transmission barrier properties of Si-DLC-coated polymer bag material; the MVTR values decreased from 10.10 g/m2 24 h for the as-received polymer bag material to 6.31 g/m2 24 h for the Si-DLC-coated polymer bag material. Water stability tests were conducted to understand the resistance of the Si-DLC coatings toward moisture; the results confirmed the stability of Si-DLC coatings in contact with water up to 100 °C for 4 h. A peel-off adhesion test using scotch tape indicated that the good adhesion of the Si-DLC film to the substrate was preserved in contact with water up to 100 °C for 4 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parand R. Riley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centennial Campus, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, USA; (P.R.R.); (P.J.); (J.N.)
| | - Pratik Joshi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centennial Campus, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, USA; (P.R.R.); (P.J.); (J.N.)
| | - Sina Azizi Machekposhti
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centennial Campus, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7115, USA;
| | - Ritesh Sachan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Jagdish Narayan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centennial Campus, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, USA; (P.R.R.); (P.J.); (J.N.)
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centennial Campus, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7115, USA;
- Correspondence:
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18
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Shukla S, Pandey PC, Narayan RJ. Tunable Quantum Photoinitiators for Radical Photopolymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2694. [PMID: 34451234 PMCID: PMC8398557 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the use of nanocrystal-based photocatalysts as quantum photoinitiators, including semiconductor nanocrystals (e.g., metal oxides, metal sulfides, quantum dots), carbon dots, graphene-based nanohybrids, plasmonic nanocomposites with organic photoinitiators, and tunable upconverting nanocomposites. The optoelectronic properties, cross-linking behavior, and mechanism of action of quantum photoinitiators are considered. The challenges and prospects associated with the use of quantum photoinitiators for processes such as radical polymerization, reversible deactivation radical polymerization, and photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization are reviewed. Due to their unique capabilities, we forsee a growing role for quantum photoinitiators over the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Shukla
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Prem C. Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India;
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA;
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19
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Joshi P, Riley P, Gupta S, Narayan RJ, Narayan J. Advances in laser-assisted conversion of polymeric and graphitic carbon into nanodiamond films. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:432001. [PMID: 34198280 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamond (ND) synthesis by nanosecond laser irradiation has sparked tremendous scientific and technological interest. This review describes efforts to obtain cost-effective ND synthesis from polymers and carbon nanotubes (CNT) by the melting route. For polymers, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation triggers intricate photothermal and photochemical processes that result in photochemical degradation, subsequently generating an amorphous carbon film; this process is followed by melting and undercooling of the carbon film at rates exceeding 109K s-1. Multiple laser shots increase the absorption coefficient of PTFE, resulting in the growth of 〈110〉 oriented ND film. Multiple laser shots on CNTs result in pseudo topotactic diamond growth to form a diamond fiber. This technique is useful for fabricating 4-50 nm sized NDs. These NDs can further be employed as seed materials that are used in bulk epitaxial growth of microdiamonds using chemical vapor deposition, particularly for use with non-lattice matched substrates that formerly did not form continuous and adherent films. We also provide insights into biocompatible precursors for ND synthesis such as polybenzimidazole fiber. ND fabrication by UV irradiation of graphitic and polymeric carbon opens up a pathway for preparing selective coatings of polymer-diamond composites, doped nanodiamonds, and graphene composites for quantum computing and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Joshi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, United States of America
| | - Parand Riley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, United States of America
| | - Siddharth Gupta
- Intel Corporation, Rolner Acres Campus 3, OR, 97124, United States of America
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, United States of America
| | - Jagdish Narayan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, United States of America
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20
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Tabish TA, Narayan RJ. Mitochondria-targeted graphene for advanced cancer therapeutics. Acta Biomater 2021; 129:43-56. [PMID: 33965624 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
There have been numerous efforts to develop targeted therapies for treating cancer. The non-specificity of 'classical' cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs and drug resistance remain major challenges in cancer dormancy. Mitochondria-targeted therapy is an alternative strategy for the treatment of numerous cancer types and is heavily dependent on the ability of the anticancer drugs to reach the tumor mitochondria in a safe and selective manner. Over the past two decades, research efforts have provided mechanistic insights into the roles of mitochondria in cancer progression and therapies that specifically target cancer mitochondria. Given that several nanotechnology-driven strategies aimed at therapeutically targeting mitochondrial dysfunction are still in their infancy, this review considers the cross-disciplinary nature of this area and focuses on the design and development of mitochondria-targeted graphene (mitoGRAPH), its immense potential, and future use for selective targeting of cancer mitochondria. This review also provides novel insights into the strategies for preparing mitoGRAPH to destroy the cell powerhouse in a targeted fashion. Targeting mitochondria with graphene may represent an important therapeutic approach that transforms therapeutic interventions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Mitochondria-targeted therapy represents a major advance for treating several medical conditions. At this time, no nanoparticles (NPs) or nanocarriers are clinically available, which are capable of spatial targeting and controlled delivery of drugs to mitochondria. NPs-based approaches have revolutionized the field of targeted therapy and have demonstrated efficacy for delivering drugs selectively to mitochondria. These NPs show limited results in pre-clinical animal models due to their adverse side effects and inadequate therapeutic outcomes. Over the past decade, graphene has emerged as a potential anticancer agent and has shown great potential in targeting tumor mitochondria in a safe and targeted fashion. This review considers recent advances in the use of mitochondria-targeted graphene (mitoGRAPH) in chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and combination therapies.
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21
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22
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Pandey PC, Mitra MD, Shukla S, Narayan RJ. Organotrialkoxysilane-Functionalized Noble Metal Monometallic, Bimetallic, and Trimetallic Nanoparticle Mediated Non-Enzymatic Sensing of Glucose by Resonance Rayleigh Scattering. Biosensors (Basel) 2021; 11:bios11040122. [PMID: 33920909 PMCID: PMC8071229 DOI: 10.3390/bios11040122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Organotrialkoxysilanes like 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-APTMS)-treated noble metal cations were rapidly converted into their respective nanoparticles in the presence of 3-glycidoxypropylytrimethoxysilane (3-GPTMS). The micellar activity of 3-APTMS also allowed us to replace 3-GPTMS with other suitable organic reagents (e.g., formaldehyde); this approach has significant advantages for preparing bimetallic and trimetallic analogs of noble metal nanoparticles that display efficient activity in many practical applications. The formation of monometallic gold, silver, and palladium nanoparticles, bimetallic Ag-Pd, and Au-Pd nanoparticles at various ratios of noble metal cations, and trimetallic Ag-Au-Pd nanoparticles were studied; their biocatalytic activity in non-enzymatic sensing of glucose based on monitoring synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) was assessed. Of these nanoparticles, Au-Pd made with an 80:20 Au:Pd ratio displayed excellent catalytic activity for glucose sensing. These nanoparticles could also be homogenized with Nafion to enhance the resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) signal. In this study, the structural characterization of noble metal nanoparticles as well as bi- and tri-metallic nanoparticles in addition to their use in non-enzymatic sensing of glucose are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem C. Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; (M.D.M.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.C.P.); (R.JN.)
| | - Murli Dhar Mitra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; (M.D.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Shubhangi Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; (M.D.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7575, USA
- Correspondence: (P.C.P.); (R.JN.)
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23
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Abstract
The tissue engineering approach for repairing osteochondral (OC) defects involves the fabrication of a biological tissue scaffold that mimics the physiological properties of natural OC tissue (e.g., the gradient transition between the cartilage surface and the subchondral bone). The OC tissue scaffolds described in many research studies exhibit a discrete gradient (e.g., a biphasic or tri/multiphasic structure) or a continuous gradient to mimic OC tissue attributes such as biochemical composition, structure, and mechanical properties. One advantage of a continuous gradient scaffold over biphasic or tri/multiphasic tissue scaffolds is that it more closely mimics natural OC tissue since there is no distinct interface between each layer. Although research studies to this point have yielded good results related to OC regeneration with tissue scaffolds, differences between engineered scaffolds and natural OC tissue remain; due to these differences, current clinical therapies to repair OC defects with engineered scaffolds have not been successful. This paper provides an overview of both discrete and continuous gradient OC tissue scaffolds in terms of cell type, scaffold material, microscale structure, mechanical properties, fabrication methods, and scaffold stimuli. Fabrication of gradient scaffolds with three-dimensional (3D) printing is given special emphasis due to its ability to accurately control scaffold pore geometry. Moreover, the application of computational modeling in OC tissue engineering is considered; for example, efforts to optimize the scaffold structure, mechanical properties, and physical stimuli generated within the scaffold-bioreactor system to predict tissue regeneration are considered. Finally, challenges associated with the repair of OC defects and recommendations for future directions in OC tissue regeneration are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
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24
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Abstract
Nanostructured forms of diamond have been recently considered for use in a variety of medical devices due to their unusual biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, hardness, wear resistance, and electrical properties. This review considers several routes for the synthesis of nanostructured diamond, including chemical vapor deposition, hot filament chemical vapor deposition, microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, and detonation synthesis. The properties of nanostructured diamond relevant to medical applications are described, including biocompatibility, surface modification, and cell attachment properties. The use of nanostructured diamond for bone cell interactions, stem cell interactions, imaging applications, gene therapy applications, and drug delivery applications is described. The results from recent studies indicate that medical devices containing nanostructured diamond can provide improved functionality over existing materials for the diagnosis and treatment of various medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem C Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Shubhangi Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Govind Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, King George Medical University, Lucknow-226003, India
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America
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25
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Tabish TA, Abbas A, Narayan RJ. Graphene nanocomposites for transdermal biosensing. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2021; 13:e1699. [PMID: 33480118 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal biosensors for the real-time and continuous detection and monitoring of target molecules represent an intriguing pathway for enhancing health outcomes in a cost-effective and non-invasive fashion. Many transdermal biosensor devices contain microneedles and other miniaturized components. There remains an unmet clinical need for microneedle transdermal biosensors to obtain a more accurate, rapid, and reliable insight into the real-time monitoring of disease. The ability to monitor biomarkers at an intradermal molecular level in a non-invasive manner remains the next technological gap to solve real-world clinical problems. The emergence of the two-dimensional material graphene with unique material properties and the ability to quantify analytes and physiological status can enable the detection of critical biomarkers indicative of human disease. The development of a user-friendly, affordable, and non-invasive transdermal biosensing device for continuous and personalized monitoring of target molecules could be beneficial for many patients. This focus article considers the use of graphene-based transdermal biosensors for health monitoring, evaluation of these sensors for glucose and hydrogen peroxide detection via in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo studies, recent technological innovations, and potential challenges. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aumber Abbas
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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26
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Riley PR, Narayan RJ. Recent advances in carbon nanomaterials for biomedical applications: A review. Curr Opin Biomed Eng 2021; 17:100262. [PMID: 33786405 PMCID: PMC7993985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of new pathogens like coronavirus disease 2019 and the prevalence of cancer as one of the leading causes of mortality globally, the effort to develop appropriate materials to address these challenges is a critical research area. Researchers around the world are investigating new types of materials and biological systems to fight against various diseases that affect humans and animals. Carbon nanostructures with their properties of straightforward functionalization, capability for drug loading, biocompatibility, and antiviral properties have become a major focus of biomedical researchers. However, reducing toxicity, enhancing biocompatibility, improving dispersibility, and enhancing water solubility have been challenging for carbon-based biomedical systems. The goal of this article is to provide a review on the latest progress involving the use of carbon nanostructures, namely fullerenes, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, for drug delivery, cancer therapy, and antiviral applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parand R Riley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centennial Campus, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7907, USA
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centennial Campus, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7115, USA
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27
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Abstract
Antimicrobial surface coatings function as a contact biocide and are extensively used to prevent the growth and transmission of pathogens on environmental surfaces. Currently, scientists and researchers are intensively working to develop antimicrobial, antiviral coating solutions that would efficiently impede/stop the contagion of COVID-19 via surface contamination. Herein we present a flavonoid-based antimicrobial surface coating fabricated by laser processing that has the potential to eradicate COVID-19 contact transmission. Quercetin-containing coatings showed better resistance to microbial colonization than antibiotic–containing ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Cristescu
- lasma & Radiation Physics, Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Douglas B Chrisey
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA USA
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28
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Azizi Machekposhti S, Movahed S, Narayan RJ. Physicochemical parameters that underlie inkjet printing for medical applications. Biophys Rev (Melville) 2020; 1:011301. [PMID: 38505627 PMCID: PMC10903396 DOI: 10.1063/5.0011924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
One of the most common types of 3D printing technologies is inkjet printing due to its numerous advantages, including low cost, programmability, high resolution, throughput, and speed. Inkjet printers are also capable of fabricating artificial tissues with physiological characteristics similar to those of living tissues. These artificial tissues are used for disease modeling, drug discovery, drug screening, and replacements for diseased or damaged tissues. This paper reviews recent advancements in one of the most common 3D printing technologies, inkjet dispensing. We briefly consider common printing techniques, including fused deposition modeling (FDM), stereolithography (STL), and inkjet printing. We briefly discuss various steps in inkjet printing, including droplet generation, droplet ejection, interaction of droplets on substrates, drying, and solidification. We also discuss various parameters that affect the printing process, including ink properties (e.g., viscosity and surface tension), physical parameters (e.g., internal diameter of printheads), and actuation mechanisms (e.g., piezoelectric actuation and thermal actuation). Through better understanding of common 3D printing technologies and the parameters that influence the printing processes, new types of artificial tissues, disease models, and structures for drug discovery and drug screening may be prepared. This review considers future directions in inkjet printing research that are focused on enhancing the resolution, printability, and uniformity of printed structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeid Movahed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina/North Carolina State University, Room 4130, 1845 Entrepreneur Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695–7115, USA
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina/North Carolina State University, Room 4130, 1845 Entrepreneur Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695–7115, USA
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29
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Abstract
The interaction of sensing components with body fluids is a basic requirement for clinical diagnostics; a variety of novel platforms have recently been developed for invasive and non-invasive sensing. In this manuscript, recent advancements related to minimally invasive platform for biosensing are reviewed. Many approaches have been utilized for generating minimally invasive platforms that require a small volume of body fluid; for example, the use of small-scale needles known as microneedles for minimally invasive detection has been demonstrated. The use of capillary action in microneedle-assisted biosensing may facilitate the detection of analytes in body fluids. This review considers recent innovations in the structure and performance of minimally invasive sensos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem C Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Govind Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Pandey PC, Pandey G, Narayan RJ. Microneedle-based transdermal electrochemical biosensors based on Prussian blue-gold nanohybrid modified screen-printed electrodes. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:33-49. [PMID: 32677314 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of a microneedle-based electrochemical biosensor for use in transdermal biosensing, which includes a screen-printed electrode containing a Prussian blue-gold nanohybrid as the working electrode. The Prussian blue gold nanohybrid is made from polyethylenime (PEI)- mediated simultaneous synthesis of Prussian blue (PBNP) and gold nanoparticles (AuNP), which forms a PBNP-AuNP nanohybrid with a remarkable change in the Prussian blue character. PEI-protected polycrystalline PBNPs can be synthesized in acidic media from the single precursor potassium ferricyanide [K3 Fe(CN)6 ] at 60°C. Since PEI also enables the controlled formation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the presence of formaldehyde, nanohybrids containing PBNPs and AuNPs may be prepared. Two different methods of PEI mediated synthesis of AuNP in the presence of PBNP were considered. In Method 1, AuNP and PBNP were made independently and mixed together in an appropriate ratio. In Method 2, PBNPs were made first, followed by PEI- and formaldehyde-mediated reduction of gold cations in the presence of PBNP. PBNP-AuNPs display a remarkable change in Prussian blue behavior such that the absorption maxima of PBNP-AuNPs made through Method 1 tend to increase at 670 nm as a function of gold concentration as compared with the control; the reverse was observed when PBNP-AuNPs were made through Method 2. As made PBNPs and PBNP-AuNPs made through Method 1 display excellent catalytic activity toward both reduction and oxidation of hydrogen peroxide based on peroxidase mimetic activity. In addition, the as-synthesized PBNPs displayed superparamagnetic behavior that can be manipulated in the presence of AuNPs. The results from peroxidase mimetic activity, chemiluminescence, cyclic voltammetry, and amperometry showed suitable analytical performance of the as-made PBNP-AuNP nanohybrid for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem C Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Govind Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, King George Medical College, Lucknow, India
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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31
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Nguyen AK, Goering PL, Elespuru RK, Sarkar Das S, Narayan RJ. The Photoinitiator Lithium Phenyl (2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoyl) Phosphinate with Exposure to 405 nm Light Is Cytotoxic to Mammalian Cells but Not Mutagenic in Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assays. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1489. [PMID: 32635323 PMCID: PMC7408440 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium phenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphinate (LAP) is a free radical photo-initiator used to initiate free radical chain polymerization upon light exposure, and is combined with gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) to produce a photopolymer used in bioprinting. The free radicals produced under bioprinting conditions are potentially cytotoxic and mutagenic. Since these photo-generated free radicals are highly-reactive but short-lived, toxicity assessments should be conducted with light exposure. In this study, photorheology determined that 10 min exposure to 9.6 mW/cm2 405 nm light from an LED light source fully crosslinked 10 wt % GelMA with >3.4 mmol/L LAP, conditions that were used for subsequent cytotoxicity and mutagenicity assessments. These conditions were cytotoxic to M-1 mouse kidney collecting duct cells, a cell type susceptible to lithium toxicity. Exposure to ≤17 mmol/L (0.5 wt %) LAP without light was not cytotoxic; however, concurrent exposure to ≥3.4 mmol/L LAP and light was cytotoxic. No condition of LAP and/or light exposure evaluated was mutagenic in bacterial reverse mutation assays using S. typhimurium strains TA98, TA100 and E. coli WP2 uvrA. These data indicate that the combination of LAP and free radicals generated from photo-excited LAP is cytotoxic, but mutagenicity was not observed in bacteria under typical bioprinting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K. Nguyen
- Joint UNC/NCSU Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (P.L.G.); (R.K.E.); (S.S.D.)
| | - Peter L. Goering
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (P.L.G.); (R.K.E.); (S.S.D.)
| | - Rosalie K. Elespuru
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (P.L.G.); (R.K.E.); (S.S.D.)
| | - Srilekha Sarkar Das
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (P.L.G.); (R.K.E.); (S.S.D.)
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Joint UNC/NCSU Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
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Zhang B, Guo L, Chen H, Ventikos Y, Narayan RJ, Huang J. Finite element evaluations of the mechanical properties of polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite scaffolds by direct ink writing: Effects of pore geometry. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 104:103665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Yang KH, Boehm RD, Skoog SA, Narayan RJ. Nanostructured Medical Adhesives. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2020; 16:263-282. [PMID: 32493539 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2020.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Suturing has been the gold standard approach to close wounds for many decades. However, suturing causes tissue damage, which is accompanied by foreign body reaction, entry of pathogens, complications, infection, or death. In addition, the procedure is usually time-consuming, requiring manual dexterity and free moving space. Other adhesive approaches have been proposed and demonstrated with great potential, including laser-assisted tissue closure with either photothermal or photochemical reactions, application of nanoparticles, glues, constructs based on extracellular matrix (ECM), microbarbs, bio-inspired structures, and tape. The quality of closure has been evaluated by histological methods, indexing, morphology, tensile testing, patency rate, leakage pressure, and burst pressure. All the novel tissue joining methods aim to provide an adhesive with appropriate strength, non-cytotoxicity, and minimal damage. The capability for rapid attachment and release may further reduce surgical procedure time. More research is needed to prove the feasibility of new tissue joining techniques based on the type of tissue, surface chemistry, and working environment.
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Cristescu R, Negut I, Visan AI, Nguyen AK, Sachan A, Goering PL, Chrisey DB, Narayan RJ. Matrix-Assisted Pulsed laser Evaporation-deposited Rapamycin Thin Films Maintain Antiproliferative Activity. Int J Bioprint 2020; 6:188. [PMID: 32782983 PMCID: PMC7415860 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v6i1.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) has many benefits over conventional methods (e.g., dip-coating, spin coating, and Langmuir-Blodgett dip-coating) for manufacturing coatings containing pharmacologic agents on medical devices. In particular, the thickness of the coating that is applied to the surface of the medical device can be tightly controlled. In this study, MAPLE was used to deposit rapamycin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (rapamycin-PVP) thin films onto silicon and borosilicate optical glass substrates. Alamar Blue and PicoGreen studies were used to measure the metabolic health and DNA content of L929 mouse fibroblasts as measures of viability and proliferation, respectively. The cells on the MAPLE-deposited rapamycin-PVP surfaces exhibited 70.6% viability and 53.7% proliferation compared to a borosilicate glass control. These data indicate that the antiproliferative properties of rapamycin were maintained after MAPLE deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Cristescu
- Department of Lasers, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, P.O. Box MG-36, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Irina Negut
- Department of Lasers, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, P.O. Box MG-36, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Anita Ioana Visan
- Department of Lasers, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, P.O. Box MG-36, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Alexander K. Nguyen
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
| | - Andrew Sachan
- Wake Technical Community College, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter L. Goering
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
| | - Douglas B. Chrisey
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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35
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Zhang B, Cristescu R, Chrisey DB, Narayan RJ. Solvent-based Extrusion 3D Printing for the Fabrication of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. Int J Bioprint 2020; 6:211. [PMID: 32596549 PMCID: PMC7294686 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v6i1.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been emerging as a new technology for scaffold fabrication to overcome the problems associated with the undesirable microstructure associated with the use of traditional methods. Solvent-based extrusion (SBE) 3D printing is a popular 3D printing method, which enables incorporation of cells during the scaffold printing process. The scaffold can be customized by optimizing the scaffold structure, biomaterial, and cells to mimic the properties of natural tissue. However, several technical challenges prevent SBE 3D printing from translation to clinical use, such as the properties of current biomaterials, the difficulties associated with simultaneous control of multiple biomaterials and cells, and the scaffold-to-scaffold variability of current 3D printed scaffolds. In this review paper, a summary of SBE 3D printing for tissue engineering (TE) is provided. The influences of parameters such as ink biomaterials, ink rheological behavior, cross-linking mechanisms, and printing parameters on scaffold fabrication are considered. The printed scaffold structure, mechanical properties, degradation, and biocompatibility of the scaffolds are summarized. It is believed that a better understanding of the scaffold fabrication process and assessment methods can improve the functionality of SBE-manufactured 3D printed scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Rodica Cristescu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Lasers Department, P.O. Box MG-36, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Douglas B Chrisey
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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36
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Tabish TA, Narayan RJ, Edirisinghe M. Rapid and label-free detection of COVID-19 using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy. MRS Commun 2020; 10:566-572. [PMID: 33398237 PMCID: PMC7773019 DOI: 10.1557/mrc.2020.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
From the 1918 influenza pandemic (H1N1) until the recent 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, no efficient diagnostic tools have been developed for sensitive identification of viral pathogens. Rigorous, early, and accurate detection of viral pathogens is not only linked to preventing transmission but also to timely treatment and monitoring of drug resistance. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the gold standard method for microbiology and virology testing, suffers from both false-negative and false-positive results arising from the detection limit, contamination of samples/templates, exponential DNA amplification, and variation of viral ribonucleic acid sequences within a single individual during the course of the infection. Rapid, sensitive, and label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 can provide a first line of defense against the current pandemic. A promising technique is non-linear coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, which has the ability to capture rich spatiotemporal structural and functional information at a high acquisition speed in a label-free manner from a biological system. Raman scattering is a process in which the distinctive spectral signatures associated with light-sample interaction provide information on the chemical composition of the sample. In this prospective, we briefly discuss the development and future prospects of CARS for real-time multiplexed label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer A. Tabish
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, Bloomsbury, WC1E 6DD UK
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599-7115 USA
| | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE UK
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37
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Tiwari AK, Gupta MK, Pandey G, Narayan RJ, Pandey PC. Molecular weight of polyethylenimine-dependent transfusion and selective antimicrobial activity of functional silver nanoparticles. J Mater Res 2020; 35:2405-2415. [PMID: 33424108 PMCID: PMC7776303 DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2020.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cationic polymer-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and selective antimicrobial activity of the same were demonstrated. Polyethyleneimine (PEI)-coated silver nanoparticles showed antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii as a function of the polymeric molecular weight (MW) of PEI. Silver nanoparticles were coated with PEI of three different MWs: Ag-NP-1 with PEI exhibiting a MW of 750,000, Ag-NP-2 with PEI exhibiting a MW of 1300, and Ag-NP-3 with PEI exhibiting a MW of 60,000. These nanoparticles showed a particle size distribution of 4-20 nm. The nanoparticles exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against A. baumannii, with the minimum inhibitory concentration of Ag-NP-1, Ag-NP-2, and Ag-NP-3 on the order of 5, 10, and 5 μg/mL, respectively, and minimum bactericidal concentration of Ag-NP-1, Ag-NP-2, and Ag-NP-3 on the order of 10, 20, and 10 μg/mL, respectively. Fluorescence imaging of Ag-NPs revealed selective transfusion of Ag-NPs across the cell membrane as a function of the polymeric MW; differential interaction of the cytoplasmic proteins during antimicrobial activity was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - Munesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - Govind Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003 India
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, 27695 USA
| | - Prem C. Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
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38
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Nguyen AK, Patel R, Noble JM, Zheng J, Narayan RJ, Kumar G, Goering PL. Effects of Subcytotoxic Exposure of Silver Nanoparticles on Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2019.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K. Nguyen
- University of North Carolina/North Carolina State University Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Reema Patel
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Jade M. Noble
- Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Jiwen Zheng
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- University of North Carolina/North Carolina State University Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Girish Kumar
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Peter L. Goering
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
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39
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40
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Yang KH, Nguyen AK, Goering PL, Sumant AV, Narayan RJ. Correction to 'Ultrananocrystalline diamond-coated nanoporous membranes support SK-N-SH neuroblastoma endothelial cell attachment'. Interface Focus 2019; 9:20180073. [PMID: 30842874 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2017.0063.].
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Miller PR, Moorman M, Boehm RD, Wolfley S, Chavez V, Baca JT, Ashley C, Brener I, Narayan RJ, Polsky R. Fabrication of Hollow Metal Microneedle Arrays Using a Molding and Electroplating Method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1557/adv.2019.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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42
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Pandey PC, Shukla S, Skoog SA, Boehm RD, Narayan RJ. Current Advancements in Transdermal Biosensing and Targeted Drug Delivery. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E1028. [PMID: 30823435 PMCID: PMC6427209 DOI: 10.3390/s19051028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this manuscript, recent advancements in the area of minimally-invasive transdermal biosensing and drug delivery are reviewed. The administration of therapeutic entities through the skin is complicated by the stratum corneum layer, which serves as a barrier to entry and retards bioavailability. A variety of strategies have been adopted for the enhancement of transdermal permeation for drug delivery and biosensing of various substances. Physical techniques such as iontophoresis, reverse iontophoresis, electroporation, and microneedles offer (a) electrical amplification for transdermal sensing of biomolecules and (b) transport of amphiphilic drug molecules to the targeted site in a minimally invasive manner. Iontophoretic delivery involves the application of low currents to the skin as well as the migration of polarized and neutral molecules across it. Transdermal biosensing via microneedles has emerged as a novel approach to replace hypodermic needles. In addition, microneedles have facilitated minimally invasive detection of analytes in body fluids. This review considers recent innovations in the structure and performance of transdermal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem C Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Shubhangi Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Shelby A Skoog
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Ryan D Boehm
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeid Mohaved
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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44
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Yang KH, Nguyen AK, Goering PL, Sumant AV, Narayan RJ. Ultrananocrystalline diamond-coated nanoporous membranes support SK-N-SH neuroblastoma epithelial [corrected] cell attachment. Interface Focus 2018; 8:20170063. [PMID: 29696093 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2017.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) has been demonstrated to have attractive features for biomedical applications and can be combined with nanoporous membranes for applications in drug delivery systems, biosensing, immunoisolation and single molecule analysis. In this study, free-standing nanoporous UNCD membranes with pore sizes of 100 or 400 nm were fabricated by directly depositing ultrathin UNCD films on nanoporous silicon nitride membranes and then etching away silicon nitride using reactive ion etching. Successful deposition of UNCD on the substrate with a novel process was confirmed with Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cross-section scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy. Both sample types exhibited uniform geometry and maintained a clear hexagonal pore arrangement. Cellular attachment of SK-N-SH neuroblastoma endothelial cells was examined using confocal microscopy and SEM. Attachment of SK-N-SH cells onto UNCD membranes on both porous regions and solid surfaces was shown, indicating the potential use of UNCD membranes in biomedical applications such as biosensors and tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hung Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Alexander K Nguyen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Peter L Goering
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Anirudha V Sumant
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Kim J, Narayan RJ, Lu X, Jay M. Neutron-activatable needles for radionuclide therapy of solid tumors. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:3273-3280. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Kim
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27599
| | - Xiuling Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Connecticut; Storrs Connecticut 06269
| | - Michael Jay
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599
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46
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Petrochenko PE, Zheng J, Casey BJ, Bayati MR, Narayan RJ, Goering PL. Nanosilver-PMMA composite coating optimized to provide robust antibacterial efficacy while minimizing human bone marrow stromal cell toxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 44:248-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Abstract
Cellular responses are highly influenced by biochemical and biomechanical interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Due to the impact of ECM architecture on cellular responses, significant research has been dedicated towards developing biomaterials that mimic the physiological environment for design of improved medical devices and tissue engineering scaffolds. Surface topographies with microscale and nanoscale features have demonstrated an effect on numerous cellular responses, including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, gene expression, protein production, and differentiation; however, relationships between biological responses and surface topographies are difficult to establish due to differences in cell types and biomaterial surface properties. Therefore, it is important to optimize implant surface feature characteristics to elicit desirable biological responses for specific applications. The goal of this work was to review studies investigating the effects of microstructured and nanostructured biomaterials on in vitro biological responses through fabrication of microscale and nanoscale surface topographies, physico-chemical characterization of material surface properties, investigation of protein adsorption dynamics, and evaluation of cellular responses in specific biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby A Skoog
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Girish Kumar
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Peter L Goering
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States.
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48
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Sachan R, Jaipan P, Zhang JY, Degan S, Erdmann D, Tedesco J, Vanderwal L, Stafslien SJ, Negut I, Visan A, Dorcioman G, Socol G, Cristescu R, Chrisey DB, Narayan RJ. Printing amphotericin B on microneedles using matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation. Int J Bioprint 2017; 3:004. [PMID: 33094188 PMCID: PMC7575625 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdermal delivery of amphotericin B, a pharmacological agent with activity against fungi and parasitic protozoa, is a challenge since amphotericin B exhibits poor solubility in aqueous solutions at physiologic pH values. In this study, we have used a laser-based printing approach known as matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation to print amphotericin B on the surfaces of polyglycolic acid microneedles that were prepared using a combination of injection molding and drawing lithography. In a modified agar disk diffusion assay, the amphotericin B-loaded microneedles showed concentration-dependent activity against the yeast Candida albicans. The results of this study suggest that matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation may be used to print amphotericin B and other drugs that have complex solubility issues on the surfaces of microneedles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Sachan
- Wake Early College of Health and Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Panupong Jaipan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Simone Degan
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Detlev Erdmann
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Lyndsi Vanderwal
- Office of Research and Creativity Activity, North Dakota State University, 1715 Research Park Drive, Fargo ND, USA
| | - Shane J Stafslien
- Office of Research and Creativity Activity, North Dakota State University, 1715 Research Park Drive, Fargo ND, USA
| | - Irina Negut
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Lasers Department, P.O. Box MG-36, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Anita Visan
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Lasers Department, P.O. Box MG-36, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Gabriela Dorcioman
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Lasers Department, P.O. Box MG-36, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Gabriel Socol
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Lasers Department, P.O. Box MG-36, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Rodica Cristescu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Lasers Department, P.O. Box MG-36, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Douglas B Chrisey
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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49
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Skoog SA, Kumar G, Zheng J, Sumant AV, Goering PL, Narayan RJ. Biological evaluation of ultrananocrystalline and nanocrystalline diamond coatings. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2016; 27:187. [PMID: 27796686 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured biomaterials have been investigated for achieving desirable tissue-material interactions in medical implants. Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) and nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) coatings are the two most studied classes of synthetic diamond coatings; these materials are grown using chemical vapor deposition and are classified based on their nanostructure, grain size, and sp3 content. UNCD and NCD are mechanically robust, chemically inert, biocompatible, and wear resistant, making them ideal implant coatings. UNCD and NCD have been recently investigated for ophthalmic, cardiovascular, dental, and orthopaedic device applications. The aim of this study was (a) to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of UNCD and NCD coatings and (b) to determine if variations in surface topography and sp3 content affect cellular response. Diamond coatings with various nanoscale topographies (grain sizes 5-400 nm) were deposited on silicon substrates using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed uniform coatings with different scales of surface topography; Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of carbon bonding typical of diamond coatings. Cell viability, proliferation, and morphology responses of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) to UNCD and NCD surfaces were evaluated. The hBMSCs on UNCD and NCD coatings exhibited similar cell viability, proliferation, and morphology as those on the control material, tissue culture polystyrene. No significant differences in cellular response were observed on UNCD and NCD coatings with different nanoscale topographies. Our data shows that both UNCD and NCD coatings demonstrate in vitro biocompatibility irrespective of surface topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby A Skoog
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Girish Kumar
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jiwen Zheng
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Anirudha V Sumant
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Peter L Goering
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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50
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Skoog SA, Lu Q, Malinauskas RA, Sumant AV, Zheng J, Goering PL, Narayan RJ, Casey BJ. Effects of nanotopography on the in vitro hemocompatibility of nanocrystalline diamond coatings. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:253-264. [PMID: 27543370 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) coatings have been investigated for improved wear resistance and enhanced hemocompatibility of cardiovascular devices. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of NCD surface nanotopography on in vitro hemocompatibility. NCD coatings with small (NCD-S) and large (NCD-L) grain sizes were deposited using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, contact angle testing, and Raman spectroscopy. NCD-S coatings exhibited average grain sizes of 50-80 nm (RMS 5.8 nm), while NCD-L coatings exhibited average grain sizes of 200-280 nm (RMS 23.1 nm). In vitro hemocompatibility testing using human blood included protein adsorption, hemolysis, nonactivated partial thromboplastin time, platelet adhesion, and platelet activation. Both NCD coatings demonstrated low protein adsorption, a nonhemolytic response, and minimal activation of the plasma coagulation cascade. Furthermore, the NCD coatings exhibited low thrombogenicity with minimal platelet adhesion and aggregation, and similar morphological changes to surface-bound platelets (i.e., activation) in comparison to the HDPE negative control material. For all assays, there were no significant differences in the blood-material interactions of NCD-S versus NCD-L. The two tested NCD coatings, regardless of nanotopography, had similar hemocompatibility profiles compared to the negative control material (HDPE) and should be further evaluated for use in blood-contacting medical devices. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 253-264, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby A Skoog
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Qijin Lu
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Richard A Malinauskas
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Anirudha V Sumant
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
| | - Jiwen Zheng
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Peter L Goering
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Brendan J Casey
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
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