1
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Tian L, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Gan F, Yi N, Wu Y. Performance Evaluation of a Nylon-like Polyester Tire Cord Combining the Characteristics of Nylon and Polyester. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1645. [PMID: 38931995 PMCID: PMC11207249 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A nylon-like polyester tire cord, which combined the characteristics of nylon and polyester tire cords, was designed as the carcass reinforcement material used to meet the increasing demands of the tire industry for performance and impact on the environment. Tires' carcass construction plays a crucial role in affecting handling performance and ride comfort. Small changes in the carcass component can lead to significant improvements in the total tire/vehicle performance. This study evaluated the performance of nylon-like polyester and nylon 6 motorcycle tires. The results showed that the nylon-like polyester tire passed all indoor tests, and post-cure inflation (PCI) could be eliminated, resulting in energy and cost savings. The rolling resistance coefficient of the nylon-like polyester tire was reduced by 6.8% compared to that of the nylon 6 control tire, which could save fuel and have a positive impact on the environment. Nylon-like polyester tire cord extracted from the experimental tire possessed a higher modulus compared to that of nylon 6 tire cord, which could lead to better handling and ride comfort performance. Morphological pictures showed that both nylon-like polyester and nylon 6 cords extracted from tires had a good rubber coverage and comparable adhesion properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyong Tian
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (L.T.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yangfan Zhang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (L.T.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Haibin Zhu
- Indorama Ventures Mobility (Kaiping) Co., Ltd., Kaiping 529300, China;
| | - Feng Gan
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (L.T.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ningbo Yi
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (L.T.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yancheng Wu
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (L.T.); (Y.Z.)
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2
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Protyusha GB, B K, Robin RS, A N, Ineyathendral TR, Shivani SS, I A, Sivasamy S, Samuel VD, R P. Microplastics in oral healthcare products (OHPs) and their environmental health risks and mitigation measures. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123118. [PMID: 38092338 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The environmental input of microplastics from personal care products has received significant attention; however, less focus has been paid to oral healthcare products. The present study assessed the occurrence of microplastics in commercially available oral healthcare products such as toothbrushes, toothpastes, toothpowder, mouthwash, dental floss, and mouth freshener spray that have a pan-India distribution. The extracted microplastics were quantified and characterised using a microscope and ATR-FTIR. All products showed microplastic contamination, where toothbrushes showed the maximum particles (30-120 particles/brush) and mouth freshener sprays (0.2-3.5 particles/ml) had the least abundance. Fragments, fibres, beads, and films were the various shapes of microplastics observed, where fragments (60%) were dominant. Various colours such as pink, green, blue, yellow, black, and colourless were observed, where colourless (40%) particles were dominant. Microplastics were categorized into three sizes: <0.1 mm (63%), 0.1-0.3 mm (35%), and >0.3 mm (2%). Four major types of polymers, such as polyethylene (52%), polyamide (30%), polyethylene terephthalate (15%), and polybutylene terephthalate (3%), were identified. Risk assessment studies such as Daily Microplastics Emission (DME), Annual Microplastics Exposure (AME), and Polymer Hazard Index (PHI) were carried out. The DME projection for India was the highest for mouthwash (74 billion particles/day) and the least for mouth freshener sprays (0.36 billion particles/day). The AME projection for an individual was the highest in toothbrushes (48,910 particles ind.-1 yr.-1) and the least in mouth freshener sprays (111 particles ind.-1 yr.-1). PHI shows that the identified polymers fall under the low-to high-risk categories. This study forecasts the community health risks linked to microplastics in oral healthcare products and suggests mitigation strategies. It has the potential to shape environmental policy development in response.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Protyusha
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600095, India.
| | - Kavitha B
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600095, India
| | - R S Robin
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - Nithin A
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | | | - S Shruthi Shivani
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600095, India
| | - Anandavelu I
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - Shyam Sivasamy
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600095, India
| | - V Deepak Samuel
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - Purvaja R
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
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3
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Carrillo-Barragán P, Fitzsimmons C, Lloyd-Hartley H, Tinlin-Mackenzie A, Scott C, Sugden H. Fifty-year study of microplastics ingested by brachyuran and fish larvae in the central English North Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123060. [PMID: 38048869 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous pollutants in marine environments. Among the many detrimental consequences of microplastic pollution, its consumption by marine biota is of particular relevance for human health, due to exposure through the food web. Long-term time-series biotic samples are overlooked sources of information for microplastics research. These collections are extremely valuable for the detection and monitoring of changes in marine environments. However, there are very few long-term studies (>10 years) of the uptake of microplastics by biota. Here, we used Dove Time Series planktonic samples (from 1971 to 2020) to assess the presence and prevalence of microplastics in the English North Sea coast over time. Fish and brachyuran larvae were selected due to their commercial importance and consequent implications for human health. A custom enzymatic digestion method was used to extract microplastics for FTIR-ATR polymer identification. An increasing cumulative trend in MP ingestion was identified. Cellophane and polyethylene terephthalate were the polymer types found most frequently in both taxa. Although a total higher microplastics uptake was observed in fish, consumption was not significantly different between taxa over time. Equally, results were not clearly related to microplastics shape or polymer type. This work did not find significant long-term evidence on the increasing uptake of microplastic particles by zooplankton over time. However, the results of this report identified additives, plasticisers, and other more complex and hazardous compounds that should not be released to the environment (e.g., bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) dimerate, propylene glycol ricinoleate) inside marine biota. The study detailed herein provides a case study for the use of long-term time-series in providing accurate assessments of microplastic pollution in marine biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Carrillo-Barragán
- The Dove Marine Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences: Marine Sciences, Newcastle University, Cullercoats, North Shields, NE30 4PZ, UK; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Clare Fitzsimmons
- The Dove Marine Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences: Marine Sciences, Newcastle University, Cullercoats, North Shields, NE30 4PZ, UK
| | - Hannah Lloyd-Hartley
- The Dove Marine Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences: Marine Sciences, Newcastle University, Cullercoats, North Shields, NE30 4PZ, UK
| | - Ashleigh Tinlin-Mackenzie
- The Dove Marine Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences: Marine Sciences, Newcastle University, Cullercoats, North Shields, NE30 4PZ, UK
| | - Catherine Scott
- Natural England, Lancaster House, Hampshire Court, Monarch Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 7YH, UK
| | - Heather Sugden
- The Dove Marine Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences: Marine Sciences, Newcastle University, Cullercoats, North Shields, NE30 4PZ, UK
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4
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Xie S, Qian S, Zhu K, Sun L, Chen W, Chen S. Comparison of Eco-friendly Ti-M Bimetallic Coordination Catalysts and Commercial Monometallic Sb- or Ti-Based Catalysts for the Synthesis of Poly(ethylene- co-isosorbide terephthalate). ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19237-19248. [PMID: 37305258 PMCID: PMC10249036 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable development greatly benefits from the effective synthesis of bio-based copolymers that are environmentally friendly. To enhance the polymerization reactivity for the production of poly(ethylene-co-isosorbide terephthalate) (PEIT), five highly active Ti-M (M = Mg, Zn, Al, Fe, and Cu) bimetallic coordination catalysts were designed. The catalytic activity of Ti-M bimetallic coordination catalysts and single Sb- or Ti-based catalysts was compared, and the effects of catalysts with a different type of coordination metal (Mg, Zn, Al, Fe, and Cu) on the thermodynamic and crystallization properties of copolyesters were explored. In polymerization, it was found that Ti-M bimetallic catalysts with 5 ppm (Ti) had higher catalytic activity than traditional antimony-based catalysts or Ti-based catalysts with 200 ppm (Sb) or 5 ppm (Ti). The Ti-Al coordination catalyst showed the best-improved reaction rate of isosorbide among the five transition metals used. Utilizing Ti-M bimetallic catalysts, a high-quality PEIT was successfully synthesized with the highest number-average molecular weight of 2.82 × 104 g/mol and the narrowest molecular weight distribution index of 1.43. The glass-transition temperature of PEIT reached 88.3 °C, allowing the copolyesters to be used in applications requiring a higher Tg, like hot filling. The crystallization kinetics of copolyesters prepared by some Ti-M catalysts was faster than that of copolyesters prepared by conventional titanium catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangdong Xie
- School
of Materials and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech
University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Sitian Qian
- School
of Materials and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech
University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Kaiyang Zhu
- School
of Materials and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech
University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Lijiang Sun
- School
of Materials and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech
University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- School
of Materials and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech
University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
- Zhejiang
Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Shichang Chen
- School
of Materials and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech
University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
- Zhejiang
Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing 312000, China
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5
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Niu D, Li J, Xu P, Liu T, Yang W, Wang Z, Ma P. High-performance and durable fibrous poly(glycolic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) blends by reactive compatibilization and solid-state drawing. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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6
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Robust Poly(glycolic acid) Films with Crystal Orientation and Reinforcement of Chain Entanglement Network. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-023-2894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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7
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Schreier VN, Odermatt A, Welle F. Migration Modeling as a Valuable Tool for Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization of Polyethylene Terephthalate Oligomers. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010173. [PMID: 36615365 PMCID: PMC9822255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most widely used food contact materials due to its excellent mechanical properties and recyclability. Migration of substances from PET and assessment of compliance are usually determined by experimental testing, which can be challenging depending on the migrants of interest. Low concentrations and missing reference standards, among other factors, have led to inadequate investigation of the migration potential of PET oligomers. Migration modeling can overcome such limitations and is therefore a suitable starting point for exposure and risk assessment. In this study, the activation energy-based (EA) model and the AP model were used to systematically evaluate the migration potential of 52 PET oligomers for 12 different application scenarios. Modeling parameters and conditions were evaluated to investigate their impact and relevance on the assessment of realistic exposures. Obtained results were compared with safety thresholds known from the concept of toxicological thresholds of concern. This allowed the evaluation and identification of oligomers and/or applications where migration or exposure levels may be associated with a potential risk because they exceed these safety thresholds. Overall, this study demonstrated that migration modeling can be a high-throughput, fast, flexible, and suitable approach for comprehensive exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena N. Schreier
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank Welle
- Product Safety and Analytics Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV), 85354 Freising, Germany
- Correspondence:
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8
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Niu D, Xu P, Li J, Yang W, Liu T, Ma P. Strong, ductile and durable Poly(glycolic acid)-based films by constructing crystalline orientation, entanglement network and rigid amorphous fraction. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Yuan QW, Zhang YP, Qin S, Qu JP. Regulating Mesophase via Melt Volume Pulsation on an Industrial Scale for Self-Toughening and Self-Reinforcing of Polyethylene Terephthalate. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wen Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ying-Pei Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Sen Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jin-Ping Qu
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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10
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Advances in Polyethylene Terephthalate Beverage Bottle Optimization: A Mini Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163364. [PMID: 36015621 PMCID: PMC9413964 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with other materials, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has high transparency, excellent physical and mechanical properties in a wide temperature range and good hygiene and safety, so it is widely used in the packaging industry, especially in the packaging of beverages and foods. The optimization of PET bottles is mainly reflected in three aspects: material optimization, structure optimization and process optimization, among which there is much research on material optimization and process optimization, but there is no complete overview on structure optimization. A summary of structural optimization is necessary. Aiming at structural optimization, the finite element method is a useful supplement to the beverage packaging industry. By combining the computer-aided design technology and using finite element software for finite element simulation, researchers can replace the experimental test in the pre-research design stage, predict the effect and save cost. This review summarizes the development of PET bottles for beverage packaging, summarizes various optimization methods for preventing stress cracking in beverage packaging, and especially focuses on comparing and evaluating the effects of several optimization methods for packaging structure. Finally, the future development of all kinds of optimization based on structural optimization in the field of beverage packaging is comprehensively discussed, including personalized design, the combination of various methods and the introduction of actual impact factor calculation.
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11
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Zhang W, Shi J, Jiang S. Temperature dependence of deformation behavior in amorphous poly(butylene terephthalate)/poly(carbonate) blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Zhang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy Fishery Sciences Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Jiangao Shi
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy Fishery Sciences Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Shichun Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin P. R. China
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12
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Huang W, Shi Y, Wang P, Yang Q, Gobius du Sart G, Zhou Y, Joziasse CA, Wang R, Chen P. Facile and efficient formation of stereocomplex polylactide fibers drawn at low temperatures. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Dhaka V, Singh S, Anil AG, Sunil Kumar Naik TS, Garg S, Samuel J, Kumar M, Ramamurthy PC, Singh J. Occurrence, toxicity and remediation of polyethylene terephthalate plastics. A review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2022; 20:1777-1800. [PMID: 35039752 PMCID: PMC8755403 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate is a common plastic in many products such as viscose rayon for clothing, and packaging material in the food and beverage industries. Polyethylene terephthalate has beneficial properties such as light weight, high tensile strength, transparency and gas barrier. Nonetheless, there is actually increasing concern about plastic pollution and toxicity. Here we review the properties, occurrence, toxicity, remediation and analysis of polyethylene terephthalate as macroplastic, mesoplastic, microplastic and nanoplastic. Polyethylene terephthalate occurs in groundwater, drinking water, soils and sediments. Plastic uptake by humans induces diseases such as reducing migration and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow and endothelial progenitor cells. Polyethylene terephthalate can be degraded by physical, chemical and biological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Dhaka
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Amith G. Anil
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - T. S. Sunil Kumar Naik
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Shashank Garg
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Jastin Samuel
- Waste Valorization Research Lab, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835205 India
| | - Praveen C. Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
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14
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhu J, Li H, Zhang Z, Yu X. A comparative study on the reinforcement effect of polyethylene terephthalate composites by inclusion of two types of functionalized graphene. Colloid Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-021-04909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Zeng Y, Xu YT, Zhang J, Xu L, Ji X, Lin H, Zhong GJ, Li ZM. Coupling Effect of Mechanical and Thermal Rejuvenation for Polystyrene: Toward High Performance of Stiffness, Ductility, and Transparency. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zeng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ying-Te Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xu Ji
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hao Lin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Gan-Ji Zhong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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16
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Xu D, Wang H, Bin Y. The investigation of the growth and perfection of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) crystalline region from amorphous state during annealing using a controlled temperature gradient. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duigong Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
- Institute of Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Yuezhen Bin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
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17
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Lemmi TS, Barburski M, Kabziński A, Frukacz K. Effect of Thermal Aging on the Mechanical Properties of High Tenacity Polyester Yarn. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1666. [PMID: 33800697 PMCID: PMC8037231 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Textile materials produced from a high tenacity industrial polyester fiber are most widely used in the mechanical rubber goods industry to reinforce conveyor belts, tire cords, and hoses. Reinforcement of textile rubber undergoes a vulcanization process to adhere the textile materials with the rubber and to enhance the physio-mechanical properties of the product. The vulcanization process has an influence on the textile material being used as a reinforcement. In this work, the effects of aging temperature and time on the high tenacity polyester yarn's mechanical and surface structural properties were investigated. An experiment was carried out on a pre-activated high tenacity polyester yarn of different linear densities, by aging the yarn specimens under various aging temperatures of 140, 160, 200, and 220 °C for six, twelve, and thirty-five minutes of aging time. The tensile properties and surface structural change in the yarns pre- and post-aging were studied. The investigation illustrates that aging time and temperature influence the surface structure of the fiber, tenacity, and elongation properties of the yarn. Compared to unaged yarn, an almost five times higher percentage of elongation was obtained for the samples aged at 220 °C for 6 min, while the lowest tenacity was obtained for the sample subjected to aging under 220 °C for 35 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsegaye Sh. Lemmi
- Faculty of Material Technologies and Textile Design, Institute of Architecture of Textiles, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Marcin Barburski
- Faculty of Material Technologies and Textile Design, Institute of Architecture of Textiles, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Adam Kabziński
- Sempertrans Bełchatów Sp. z o.o., 97-427 Rogowiec, Poland; (A.K.); (K.F.)
| | - Krzysztof Frukacz
- Sempertrans Bełchatów Sp. z o.o., 97-427 Rogowiec, Poland; (A.K.); (K.F.)
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18
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Ahmadi R, Fashandi H, Akbari V. Development of N-halamine Low-Melting Point Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Fibers via Melt Spinning: Structural Characterization and Demonstration of Rechargeable Antibacterial Properties. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.1888981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah Ahmadi
- Department of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Fashandi
- Department of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vajihe Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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19
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Zeng Y, Yang QC, Xu YT, Ma GQ, Huang HD, Lei J, Zhong GJ, Li ZM. Durably Ductile, Transparent Polystyrene Based on Extensional Stress-Induced Rejuvenation Stabilized by Styrene-Butadiene Block Copolymer Nanofibrils. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:71-77. [PMID: 35548990 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The glassy polymer of polystyrene (PS) enjoys a good reputation as a promising optical material; however, the inherent brittleness hinders its further applications. Conventional toughening methods are realized based on the premise of a sacrifice in transparency and stiffness. In this work, we found an unprecedented strategy to address these obstacles by combining extensional stress-induced ductility and suppressing physical aging. PS-based film with a high stiffness, long-term ductility, and excellent transparency is achieved by introducing a styrene-butadiene block copolymer into the PS matrix and subsequently annealing stretched. A nanofibrillar structure of the polybutadiene (PB) phase is formulated surrounded by a PS matrix, and thus, the elongation at break enhances from 3.1% up to 86.8%, accompanying the yield strength enhanced from 25.5 to 62.2 MPa. More significantly, compared with neat PS, these films survive from physical aging and persistent ductility over time. The morphology deformation induced by stress makes an obvious contribution to the improvement of transparency. Investigating the dynamics of chain segments indicates that the incorporation of the copolymer can restrict rearrangement and local relaxation to the PS chain. This work could pave a potential route toward high-performance PS and might be transferable to other glassy polymers with a fragile character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zeng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qian-Cheng Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ying-Te Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guo-Qi Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hua-Dong Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jun Lei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Gan-Ji Zhong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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20
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Chen S, Xie S, Guang S, Bao J, Zhang X, Chen W. Crystallization and Thermal Behaviors of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Bisphenols Complexes through Melt Post-Polycondensation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12123053. [PMID: 33352799 PMCID: PMC7766347 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Three kinds of modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were prepared by solution blending combined with melt post-polycondensation, using 4,4′-thiodiphenol (TDP), 4,4′-oxydiphenol (ODP) and hydroquinone (HQ) as the bisphenols, respectively. The effects of TDP, ODP and HQ on melt post-polycondensation process and crystallization kinetics, melting behaviors, crystallinity and thermal stability of PET/bisphenols complexes were investigated in detail. Excellent chain growth of PET could be achieved by addition of 1 wt% bisphenols, but intrinsic viscosity of modified PET decreased with further bisphenols content. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding between carbonyl groups of PET and hydroxyl groups of bisphenols were verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Compare to pure PET, both the crystallization rate and melting temperatures of PET/bisphenols complexes were reduced obviously, suggesting an impeded crystallization and reduced lamellar thickness. Moreover, the structural difference between TDP, ODP and HQ played an important role on crystallization kinetics. It was proposed that the crystallization rate of TDP modified PET was reduced significantly due to the larger amount of rigid benzene ring and larger polarity than that of PET with ODP or HQ. X-ray diffraction results showed that the crystalline structure of PET did not change from the incorporation of bisphenols, but crystallinity of PET decreased with increasing bisphenols content. Thermal stability of modified PET declined slightly, which was hardly affected by the molecular structure of bisphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shangdong Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (S.X.); (S.G.); (W.C.)
| | - Shanshan Guang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (S.X.); (S.G.); (W.C.)
| | - Jianna Bao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (S.X.); (S.G.); (W.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-0571-8684-6663 (X.Z.)
| | - Xianming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (S.X.); (S.G.); (W.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-0571-8684-6663 (X.Z.)
| | - Wenxing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (S.X.); (S.G.); (W.C.)
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21
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Shi Q, Xiao R, Yang H, Lei D. Effects of physical aging on thermomechanical behaviors of poly(ethylene terephthalate)-glycol (PETG). POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2019.1695273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinpeng Shi
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechan- ics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huxiao Yang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Lei
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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