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Kutagulla S, Le NH, Caldino Bohn IT, Stacy BJ, Favela CS, Slack JJ, Baker AM, Kim H, Shin HS, Korgel BA, Akinwande D. Comparative Studies of Atomically Thin Proton Conductive Films to Reduce Crossover in Hydrogen Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59358-59369. [PMID: 38103256 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen fuel cells based on proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology are promising as a source of clean energy to power a decarbonized future. However, PEMFCs are limited by a number of major inefficiencies; one of the most significant is hydrogen crossover. In this work, we comprehensively study the effects of two-dimensional (2D) materials applied to the anode side of the membrane as H2 barrier coatings on Nafion to reduce crossover effects on hydrogen fuel cells, while studying adverse effects on conductivity and catalyst performance in the beginning of life testing. The barrier layers studied include graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), amorphous boron nitride (aBN), and varying thicknesses of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), all chosen due to their expected stability in a fuel cell environment. Crossover mitigation in the materials studied ranges from 4.4% (1 nm MoS2) to 46.1% (graphene) as compared to Nafion 211. Effects on proton conductivity are also studied, suggesting high areal proton transport in materials previously thought to be effectively nonconductive, such as 2 nm MoS2 and amorphous boron nitride under the conditions studied. The results indicate that a number of 2D materials are able to improve crossover effects, with those coated with 8 nm MoS2 and 1 L graphene able to achieve greater crossover reduction while minimizing conductivity penalty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmukh Kutagulla
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Nam Hoang Le
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
- Mc Ketta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Isabel Terry Caldino Bohn
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
- Mc Ketta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Benjamin J Stacy
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
- Mc Ketta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Christopher S Favela
- Mc Ketta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - John J Slack
- Nikola Corporation, Phoenix, Arizona 85040-8803, United States
| | - Andrew M Baker
- Nikola Corporation, Phoenix, Arizona 85040-8803, United States
| | - Hyeongjoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Suk Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Brian A Korgel
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
- Mc Ketta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Deji Akinwande
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
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2
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Ban T, Guo M, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhu X. High-performance aromatic proton exchange membranes bearing multiple flexible pendant sulfonate groups: Exploring side chain length and main chain polarity. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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3
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Zavorotnaya UM, Privalov AF, Kresse B, Vogel M, Ponomarev II, Volkova YA, Sinitsyn VV. Diffusion in Sulfonated Co-Polynaphthoyleneimide Proton Exchange Membranes with Different Ratios of Hydrophylic to Hydrophobic Groups Studied Using SFG NMR. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulyana M. Zavorotnaya
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 6, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
- A.M. Prokhorov Institute of General Physics RAS, Vavilova Street 38, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei F. Privalov
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 6, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kresse
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 6, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Vogel
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 6, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Igor I. Ponomarev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Vavilova Street 28, 119991, GSP-1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A. Volkova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Vavilova Street 28, 119991, GSP-1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly V. Sinitsyn
- Institute of Solid State Physics RAS, 2 Academician Ossipyan Street, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia
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4
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Suppression of radical attack in polymer electrolyte membranes using a vinyl polymer blend interlayer with low oxygen permeability. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Nederstedt H, Jannasch P. Poly(p-terphenyl alkylene)s grafted with highly acidic sulfonated polypentafluorostyrene side chains for proton exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Enhancement of Proton Conductivity Performance in High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane, Processed the Adding of Pyridobismidazole. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071283. [PMID: 35406156 PMCID: PMC9003316 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A pyridobisimidazole unit was introduced into a polymer backbone to obtain an increased doping level, a high number of interacting sites with phosphoric acid and simple processibility. The acid uptake of poly(pyridobisimidazole) (PPI) membrane could reach more than 550% (ADL = 22), resulting in high conductivity (0.23 S·cm−1 at 180 °C). Along with 550% acid uptake, the membrane strength still held 10 MPa, meeting the requirement of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM). In the Fenton Test, the PPI membrane only lost around 7% weight after 156 h, demonstrating excellent oxidative stability. Besides, PPI possessed thermal stability with decomposition temperature at 570 °C and mechanical stability with a glass transition temperature of 330 °C.
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Liu Q, Zhang S, Wang Z, Han J, Song C, Xu P, Wang X, Fu S, Jian X. Investigation into the performance decay of proton-exchange membranes based on sulfonated heterocyclic poly(aryl ether ketone)s in Fenton's reagent. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1760-1769. [PMID: 34985063 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04531h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonated N-heterocyclic poly(aryl ether) proton-exchange membranes have potential applications in the fuel-cell field due to their favorable proton conduction capacity and stability. This paper investigates the changes in mass and performance decay, such as proton conduction and mechanical strength, of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)s (SPEEKs) and three sulfonated N-heterocyclic poly(aryl ether ketone) (SPPEK, SPBPEK-P-8, and SPPEKK-P) membranes in Fenton's oxidative experiment. The SPEEK membrane exhibited the worst oxidative stability. The oxidative stability of the SPPEK membrane is enhanced due to the introduction of phthalazinone units in the chains. The SPPEKK-P and SPBPEK-P-8 membranes exhibit better radical tolerance than the SPPEK membrane, with proton conductivity retention rates of 66% and 73% for 1 h oxidative treatment, respectively. In addition, the molecular chains of SPPEKK-P and SPBPEK-P-8 exhibit relatively little disruption. The pendant benzenesulfonic groups enhance the steric effects for reducing radical attacks on the ether bonds and reduce the hydration of molecular chains. The introduction of phthalazinone units decreases the rupture points in the main chain. Therefore, the radical tolerance of the membranes is improved. These results provide a reference for the design of highly stable sulfonated heterocyclic poly(aryl ether) membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning High-Performance Polymer Engineering Research Center, Dalian Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Shouhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning High-Performance Polymer Engineering Research Center, Dalian Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Zhaoqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning High-Performance Polymer Engineering Research Center, Dalian Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Jianhua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning High-Performance Polymer Engineering Research Center, Dalian Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Ce Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning High-Performance Polymer Engineering Research Center, Dalian Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Peiqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning High-Performance Polymer Engineering Research Center, Dalian Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning High-Performance Polymer Engineering Research Center, Dalian Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Shaokui Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning High-Performance Polymer Engineering Research Center, Dalian Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Xigao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning High-Performance Polymer Engineering Research Center, Dalian Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, Dalian, 116024, China.
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8
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Liu Q, Li X, Zhang S, Wang Z, Chen Y, Zhou S, Wang C, Wu K, Liu J, Mao Q, Jian X. Novel sulfonated N-heterocyclic poly(aryl ether ketone ketone)s with pendant phenyl groups for proton exchange membrane performing enhanced oxidative stability and excellent fuel cell properties. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Long Z, Miyatake K. ePTFE reinforced, sulfonated aromatic polymer membranes enable durable, high-temperature operable PEMFCs. iScience 2021; 24:102962. [PMID: 34458706 PMCID: PMC8379343 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonated polyphenylene (SPP)-based ionomers have been developed for electrochemical applications in recent years due to their inherent thermal and chemical stability. However, the difficult synthesis, limited solubility, and rigid backbone obstructs their progress. Herein, a new monomer, 3,3″-dichloro-2',3',5',6'-tetrafluoro-1,1':4',1″-terphenyl (TP-f) with high polymerization reactivity was designed and polymerized with sulfonated phenylene monomer to prepare SPP-based ionomers (SPP-TP-f) with high ion exchange capacity up to 4.5 mequiv g-1. The resulting flexible membranes were more proton conductive than Nafion (state-of-the-art proton exchange membrane) even at 120°C and 20% RH. Unlike typical SPP ionomers, SPP-TP-f 5.1 was soluble in ethanol and thus, could be reinforced with double expanded polytetrafluorethylene thin layers to obtain SPP-TP-f 5.1/DPTFE membrane. SPP-TP-f 5.1/DPTFE showed superior fuel cell performance to that of Nafion, in particular, at low humidity (30% RH, > 100°C) and reasonable durability under the severe accelerated conditions combining OCV hold and humidity cycling tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Long
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyatake
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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10
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Pati BV, Sagara PS, Ghosh A, Das Adhikari GK, Ravikumar PC. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Regioselective C(sp 2)-H Activation/Annulation of N-(7-Azaindole)amides with 1,3-Diynes Using N-Amino-7-azaindole as the N, N-Bidentate Directing Group. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9428-9443. [PMID: 34170693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ruthenium(II)-catalyzed regioselective annulation of N-(7-azaindole)amides with 1,3-diynes has been demonstrated. Bioactive N-amino-7-azaindole has been used as a new bidentate directing group to furnish an array of 3-alkynylated isoquinolones. Furthermore, the developed protocol works efficiently for both aryl- and heteroaryl-substituted amides producing a range of pharmacologically useful 7-azaindole-based isoquinolones with a wide range of functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedadyuti Vedvyas Pati
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Jatani, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Prateep Singh Sagara
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India
| | - Asit Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Jatani, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Gopal Krushna Das Adhikari
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Jatani, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Ponneri Chandrababu Ravikumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Jatani, Odisha 752050, India
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11
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Long Z, Miyatake K. High-Performance Fuel Cell Operable at 120 °C Using Polyphenlyene Ionomer Membranes with Improved Interfacial Compatibility. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:15366-15372. [PMID: 33755439 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While the performance and durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been considerably improved over the last decade, high-temperature operation (above 100 °C) is still an issue. We designed a sulfonated polyphenylene containing tetrafluorophenylene groups (SPP-QP-f) for high-temperature and low-humidity operation of PEMFCs. Compared to state-of-the-art perfluorinated PEMs and the previous polyphenylene ionomer membrane with no fluorine-containing groups, the SPP-QP-f membrane exhibited superior proton conductivity under all testing conditions (80-120 °C, 20-95% RH). Because of the improved interfacial compatibility with the catalyst layers, the SPP-QP-f membrane induced high cathode catalytic activity. These attractive properties of the SPP-QP-f membrane resulted in high fuel cell performance (390 mW cm-2 maximum power density) at 120 °C and 30% RH. The durability was confirmed under accelerated degradation conditions (100 °C, 30% RH) for 1000 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Long
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyatake
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi, 4 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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12
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Cristurean D, Schaumüller S, Strasser P, Haudum S, Himmelsbach M, Bechmann M, Brüggemann O, Teasdale I. Diels–Alder cycloaddition polymerization of highly aromatic polyimides and their multiblock copolymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00314c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel route to highly aromatic polyimides is presented and is used to form multiblock copolymers which is inherently difficult to achieve via traditional routes for this important polymer family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Cristurean
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Johannes Kepler University Linz
- 4040 Linz
- Austria
| | - Stephan Schaumüller
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Johannes Kepler University Linz
- 4040 Linz
- Austria
| | - Paul Strasser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Johannes Kepler University Linz
- 4040 Linz
- Austria
| | - Stephan Haudum
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Johannes Kepler University Linz
- 4040 Linz
- Austria
| | - Markus Himmelsbach
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- Johannes Kepler University Linz
- 4040 Linz
- Austria
| | - Matthias Bechmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Kepler University Linz
- 4040 Linz
- Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Johannes Kepler University Linz
- 4040 Linz
- Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Johannes Kepler University Linz
- 4040 Linz
- Austria
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13
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Roy S, Ghorai A, Komber H, Voit B, Banerjee S. Synthesis of 2,2′-hindered pyridine containing semifluorinated polytriazoles and investigation for low-temperature proton exchange membrane application with enhanced oxidative stability. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Adamski M, Skalski TJ, Schibli EM, Killer M, Wu Y, Peressin N, Frisken BJ, Holdcroft S. Molecular branching as a simple approach to improving polymer electrolyte membranes. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Cetina-Mancilla E, Olvera LI, Balmaseda J, Forster M, Ruiz-Treviño FA, Cárdenas J, Vivaldo-Lima E, Zolotukhin MG. Well-defined, linear, wholly aromatic polymers with controlled content and position of pyridine moieties in macromolecules from one-pot, room temperature, metal-free step-polymerizations. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00946f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of processable, aromatic pyridine-containing polymers has always been a great challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoc Cetina-Mancilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Apartado Postal 70-360
- Ciudad Universitaria
- 04510 Ciudad de México
| | - Lilian I. Olvera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Apartado Postal 70-360
- Ciudad Universitaria
- 04510 Ciudad de México
| | - Jorge Balmaseda
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Apartado Postal 70-360
- Ciudad Universitaria
- 04510 Ciudad de México
| | - Michael Forster
- Institute for Polymer Technology
- Bergische Wuppertal University
- D-42097 Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - F. Alberto Ruiz-Treviño
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Iberoamericana
- 01219 Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - Jorge Cárdenas
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Apartado Postal 70-360
- Ciudad Universitaria
- 04510 Ciudad de México
| | - Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - Mikhail G. Zolotukhin
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Apartado Postal 70-360
- Ciudad Universitaria
- 04510 Ciudad de México
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16
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Kang NR, Pham TH, Jannasch P. Polyaromatic Perfluorophenylsulfonic Acids with High Radical Resistance and Proton Conductivity. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1247-1251. [PMID: 35651144 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the straightforward metal-free synthesis of poly(p-terphenyl perfluorophenylsulfonic acid)s by efficient superacid-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts polycondensations of commercially available perfluoroacetophenone and p-terphenyl, followed by sulfonation of the pendant pentafluorophenyl groups via a selective and quantitative thiolation-oxidation procedure. The stiff and well-defined polymer structure with precisely sequenced and highly acidic units induces efficient ionic clustering, restricted water uptake and swelling, excellent resistance against radical attack, and very high proton conductivity. At 120 °C, the conductivity reaches 40 and 232 mS cm-1 at 50 and 90% relative humidity, respectively, which very closely matches the benchmark Nafion NR212 membrane. The properties are further tuned by copolymerizations. Overall, the results demonstrate that these materials possess a very attractive combination of characteristics for use as high-performance proton-exchange membranes for fuel cells and water electrolyzers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Rae Kang
- Polymer & Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thanh Huong Pham
- Polymer & Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Patric Jannasch
- Polymer & Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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17
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Park EJ, Maurya S, Hibbs MR, Fujimoto CH, Kreuer KD, Kim YS. Alkaline Stability of Quaternized Diels–Alder Polyphenylenes. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Park
- MPA-11, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sandip Maurya
- MPA-11, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Michael R. Hibbs
- Organic Materials Science, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Cy H. Fujimoto
- Organic Materials Science, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Klaus-Dieter Kreuer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yu Seung Kim
- MPA-11, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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