1
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Theunissen D, Smeets S, Maes W. Single-component organic solar cells-Perspective on the importance of chemical precision in conjugated block copolymers. Front Chem 2023; 11:1326131. [PMID: 38694020 PMCID: PMC11061845 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1326131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPV) present a promising thin-film solar cell technology with particular benefits in terms of weight, aesthetics, transparency, and cost. However, despite being studied intensively since the mid 90's, OPV has not entered the mass consumer market yet. Although the efficiency gap with other thin-film photovoltaics has largely been overcome, active layer stability and performance reproducibility issues have not been fully resolved. State-of-the-art OPV devices employ a physical mixture of electron donor and acceptor molecules in a bulk heterojunction active layer. These blends are prone to morphological changes, leading to performance losses over time. On the other hand, in "single-component" organic solar cells, the donor and acceptor constituents are chemically connected within a single material, preventing demixing and thereby enhancing device stability. Novel single-component materials affording reasonably high solar cell efficiencies and improved lifetimes have recently emerged. In particular, the combination of donor and acceptor structures in conjugated block copolymers (CBCs) presents an exciting approach. Nevertheless, the current CBCs are poorly defined from a structural point of view, while synthetic protocols remain unoptimized. More controlled synthesis followed by proper structural analysis of CBCs is, however, essential to develop rational structure-property-device relations and to drive the field forward. In this perspective, we provide a short overview of the state-of-the-art in single-component organic solar cells prepared from CBCs, reflect on their troublesome characterization and the importance of chemical precision in these structures, give some recommendations, and discuss the potential impact of these aspects on the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Theunissen
- Design and Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Associated Lab IMOMEC, IMEC, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Energyville, Genk, Belgium
| | - Sander Smeets
- Design and Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Associated Lab IMOMEC, IMEC, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Energyville, Genk, Belgium
| | - Wouter Maes
- Design and Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Associated Lab IMOMEC, IMEC, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Energyville, Genk, Belgium
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2
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Li X, Tang A, Guo Q, Guo X, Chen J, Guo Q, Ji M, Meng Y, Li X, Zhou E. Carboxylate-Containing Wide-Bandgap Polymers for High-Voltage Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32308-32318. [PMID: 35793493 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the polymer modification strategies, carboxylate functionalization has proved effective in downshifting the energy levels and enhancing polymer crystallinity and aggregation. However, high-performance carboxylate-containing polymers are still limited for organic solar cells (OSCs), especially with open-circuit voltage (VOC) above 1.0 V. Herein, we utilize two carboxylate-functionalized wide-band gap (WBG) donor polymers (TTC-F and TTC-Cl) to pair with two WBG electron acceptors (BTA5 and F-BTA5) for high-voltage OSCs. Due to the deeper molecular energy levels, chlorinated polymer TTC-Cl shows higher VOC than fluorinated polymer TTC-F. Furthermore, because of the stronger aggregation in the film, the TTC-Cl-based devices attain suppressed energetic disorders and trap-assisted recombination, decreasing voltage loss and JSC loss. Finally, the TTC-Cl: F-BTA5 blend achieves a higher VOC of 1.17 V and an excellent PCE of 10.98%, one of the best results for high-voltage carboxylate-containing polymers. In addition, the TTC-Cl: BTA5 combination demonstrates the highest VOC of 1.25 V with an ultralow nonradiative energy loss of 0.17 eV. Our results indicate that the carboxylate-containing polymer donors have significant application potential for high-voltage OSCs due to reduced energy loss and improved charge transport and dissociation. Furthermore, the matched absorption spectra with the indoor light sources and low voltage loss promote these material combinations to construct high-performance indoor photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianda Li
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ailing Tang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengwei Ji
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuhan Meng
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
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3
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Li S, Sun Y, Zhou B, Fu Q, Meng L, Yang Y, Wang J, Yao Z, Wan X, Chen Y. Concurrently Improved Jsc, Fill Factor, and Stability in a Ternary Organic Solar Cell Enabled by a C-Shaped Non-fullerene Acceptor and Its Structurally Similar Third Component. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:40766-40777. [PMID: 34424658 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A ternary strategy is recognized as a promising approach that enjoys both the simplicity of fabrication conditions and potential to improve performance in organic solar cells. Herein, a C-shaped narrow band gap non-fullerene acceptor GL1 with a C2v symmetry based on a new core was designed and synthesized. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.43% was achieved by employing PBDB-T:GL1 as an active layer to fabricate photovoltaic devices. To further promote photovoltaic performance, following a similar-structure prescreen principle, a middle band gap acceptor F-2Cl with the same backbone shape, side-chain distribution, and dipole moment orientation as GL1 was introduced as the guest acceptor into the active layer. Thus, benefiting from the collaboration of complementary absorption, cascade energy levels, and well-modified microstructure of the active layer, a 13.17% PCE was obtained with concurrently elevated Jsc, fill factor, and stability for the optimized ternary device. This work presents a successful example of prescreening the third component to simplify the workload for a high-performance ternary device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitong Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanna Sun
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bailin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lingxian Meng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources (Tianjin), Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources (Tianjin), Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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4
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Mullin WJ, Sharber SA, Thomas SW. Optimizing the
self‐assembly
of conjugated polymers and small molecules through structurally programmed
non‐covalent
control. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth A. Sharber
- Department of Chemistry Tufts University Medford Massachusetts USA
- Aramco Services Company, Aramco Research Center Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Samuel W. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry Tufts University Medford Massachusetts USA
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5
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Synthesis, molecular structure and photovoltaic performance for polythiophenes with β-carboxylate side chains. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Chau HD, Kwon NY, Park SH, Hwang J, Kataria M, Harit AK, Woo HY, Cho MJ, Choi DH. Complementary absorbing ternary blend containing structural isomeric donor polymers for improving the performance of PC61BM-based indoor photovoltaics. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Xie Q, Liu Y, Liao X, Cui Y, Huang S, Hu L, He Q, Chen L, Chen Y. Isomeric Effect of Wide Bandgap Polymer Donors with High Crystallinity to Achieve Efficient Polymer Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000454. [PMID: 33089590 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two highly crystalline polymer donors (PBTz4T2C-a, PBTz4T2C-b) with isomers (4T2C-a, 4T2C-b) are synthesized and applied in polymer solar cells. The developed polymers possess proper energy levels and complementary absorption with an efficient electron acceptor IT2F. It is interesting that the photophysical properties, crystallinity, and active layer morphology characteristic can be significantly changed by just slightly regulating the substitution position of the carboxylate groups. A series of simulation calculations of the two isomers are conducted in the geometry and electronic properties to explore the difference induced by the position adjustment of carboxylate groups. The results decipher that 4T2C-b moiety features much stronger intramolecular noncovalent S⋯O interactions compared to that of 4T2C-a, implying a higher coplanarity and much stronger crystallinity, and leading to excessive phase separation in PBTz4T2C-b:IT2F blend film. In contrast, PBTz4T2C-a with 4T2C-a moiety exhibits suitable crystallinity with a lower the highest occupied molecular orbital level, higher film absorption coefficient, and charge mobilities, resulting in a much higher power conversion efficiency of 11.02%. This research demonstrates that the molecular conformation is of great importance to be considered for developing high-performance polymer donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xie
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yikun Liu
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xunfan Liao
- Institute of Advanced Scientific Research (iASR), Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China.,State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yongjie Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shaorong Huang
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Qiannan He
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Lie Chen
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China.,Institute of Advanced Scientific Research (iASR), Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
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8
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Zhang T, An C, Ma K, Xian K, Xue C, Zhang S, Xu B, Hou J. Increased conjugated backbone twisting to improve carbonylated-functionalized polymer photovoltaic performance. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01251f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two conjugated polymers containing different linkers were synthesized to study their photovoltaic performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Cunbin An
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Kangqiao Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Kaihu Xian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Changguo Xue
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan 232001
- China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Bowei Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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9
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Demina NS, Kazin NA, Rasputin NA, Irgashev RA, Rusinov GL. Synthesis of aryl-substituted thieno[3,2- b]thiophene derivatives and their use for N,S-heterotetracene construction. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2678-2683. [PMID: 31807203 PMCID: PMC6880844 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fiesselmann thiophene synthesis was applied for the convenient construction of thieno[3,2-b]thiophene derivatives. Thus, new 5- or 6-aryl-3-hydroxythieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2-carboxylates were obtained by condensation of 5- or 4-aryl-3-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylates, respectively, with methyl thioglycolate in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide. The saponification of the resulting esters, with decarboxylation of the intermediating acids, gave the corresponding thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-3(2H)-ones. The latter ketones were used to synthesize new N,S-heterotetracenes, namely 9H-thieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indoles by their treatment with arylhydrazines in accordance with the Fischer indolization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda S Demina
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskoy St., 22, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia.,Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira St., 19, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Nikita A Kazin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskoy St., 22, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia.,Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira St., 19, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Rasputin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskoy St., 22, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia.,Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira St., 19, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Roman A Irgashev
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskoy St., 22, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia.,Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira St., 19, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Gennady L Rusinov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskoy St., 22, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia.,Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira St., 19, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
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10
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Recent advances in molecular design of functional conjugated polymers for high-performance polymer solar cells. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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11
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Ge J, Wei Q, Peng R, Zhou E, Yan T, Song W, Zhang W, Zhang X, Jiang S, Ge Z. Improved Efficiency in All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells with Ternary Blend of Nonfullerene Acceptor and Chlorinated and Nonchlorinated Donors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:44528-44535. [PMID: 31694379 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ternary nonfullerene all-small-molecule organic solar cells (NFSM-OSCs) were developed by incorporating a nonfullerene acceptor (IDIC) and two structurally similar small molecular donors (SM and SM-Cl), where SM-Cl is a novel small molecular donor derived from the reported molecular donor SM. When doping 10% SM-Cl in the SM:IDIC binary system, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the ternary solar cell was dramatically increased from 9.39 to 10.29%. Characterization studies indicated that the two donors tend to form an alloy state, which effectively down-shifted the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the donor, thus promoting a higher open-circuit voltage. Interestingly, incorporating a third component (SM-Cl) with a lower crystallinity was proven to facilitate the demixing between donors and acceptors, which was contrary to the traditional findings of enhanced phase separation through the incorporation of highly crystalline molecule. Although the morphological modulation has always been a bottleneck issue in NFSM-OSCs, the findings in this work indicated that the modulation on crystallinity deviation between donors and acceptors could be an effective method to further improve the performance of NFSM-OSCs, providing a new perspective on NFSM-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Ruixiang Peng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Tingting Yan
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Wei Song
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Xiaoa Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Shengling Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
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12
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Wang X, Han J, Jiang H, Liu Z, Li Y, Yang C, Yu D, Bao X, Yang R. Regulation of Molecular Packing and Blend Morphology by Finely Tuning Molecular Conformation for High-Performance Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:44501-44512. [PMID: 31674175 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric thienobenzodithiophene (TBD) structure is first systematically compared with the benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) and dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (DTBDT) units in donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers and applied as the central core in small molecule acceptors (SMAs). Specific polymers including PBDT-BZ, PTBD-BZ, and PDTBDT-BZ with different macromolecular conformations are synthesized and then matched with four elaborately designed acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) SMAs with structures comparable to their donor counterparts. The resulting polymer solar cell performance trends are dramatically different from each other and highly material-dependent, and the active layer morphology is largely governed by polymer conformation. Because of its more linear backbone, the PTBD-BZ film has higher crystallinity and more ordered and denser π-π stacking than those of the PBDT-BZ and PDTBDT-BZ films. Thus, PTBD-BZ shows excellent compatibility with and strong independence on the SMAs with varied structures, and PTBD-BZ-based cells deliver high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10-12.5%, whereas low PCE is obtained by cells based on PDTBDT-BZ because of its zigzag conformation. Overall, this study reveals control of molecular conformation as a useful approach to modulate the photovoltaic properties of conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunchang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , Shandong , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , Beijing , China
| | - Jianhua Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , Shandong , China
| | - Huanxiang Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , Shandong , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , Beijing , China
| | - Zhilin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , Shandong , China
| | - Yonghai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , Shandong , China
| | - Chunming Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Donghong Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience , Aalborg University , Aalborg East DK-9220 , North Jutland Region , Denmark
| | - Xichang Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , Shandong , China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , Shandong , China
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13
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Zhang S, Ma L, Ye L, Qin Y, Xu Y, Liu X, Wu Y, Zhao W, Ade H, Yao H, Hou J. Modulation of Building Block Size in Conjugated Polymers with D–A Structure for Polymer Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lijiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Long Ye
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yunpeng Qin
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Huifeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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14
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Liao Q, Yang K, Chen J, Koh CW, Tang Y, Su M, Wang Y, Yang Y, Feng X, He Z, Woo HY, Guo X. Backbone Coplanarity Tuning of 1,4-Di(3-alkoxy-2-thienyl)-2,5-difluorophenylene-Based Wide Bandgap Polymers for Efficient Organic Solar Cells Processed from Nonhalogenated Solvent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:31119-31128. [PMID: 31382736 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated solvents are prevailingly used in the fabrication of nonfullerene organic solar cells (NF-OSCs) at the current stage, imposing significant restraints on their practical applications. By copolymerizing phthalimide or thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) with 1,4-di(3-alkoxy-2-thienyl)-2,5-difluorophenylene (DOTFP), which features intramolecular noncovalent interactions, the backbone planarity of the resulting DOTFP-based polymers can be effectively tuned, yielding distinct solubilities, aggregation characters, and chain packing properties. Polymer DOTFP-PhI with a more twisted backbone showed a lower degree of aggregation in solution but an increased film crystallinity than polymer DOTFP-TPD. An organic thin-film transistor and NF-OSC based on DOTFP-PhI, processed with a nonhalogenated solvent, exhibited a high hole mobility up to 1.20 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a promising power conversion efficiency up to 10.65%, respectively. The results demonstrate that DOTFP is a promising building block for constructing wide bandgap polymers and backbone coplanarity tuning is an effective strategy to develop high-performance organic semiconductors processable with a nonhalogenated solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaogan Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | | | | | - Chang Woo Koh
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
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15
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Maduwu RD, Jin HC, Kim JH. Synthesis and Characterization of Benzothiadiazole and Dicyanovinylindandione Based Small-Molecular Conjugated Materials and Their Photovoltaic Properties. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-7174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Guo H, Huang B, Zhang L, Chen L, Xie Q, Liao Z, Huang S, Chen Y. Double Acceptor Block-Containing Copolymers with Deep HOMO Levels for Organic Solar Cells: Adjusting Carboxylate Substituent Position for Planarity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:15853-15860. [PMID: 30987420 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level is a prerequisite for polymer donor material to boost the organic solar cells (OSCs) performance by achieving high open circuit voltage ( Voc). Abandoning the traditional concept of donor-acceptor (D-A) structure, two copolymers PBTZ-4TC and PBTZ-C4T based on acceptor1-π-acceptor2 (A1-π-A2) architecture, where thiophene as the bridge, the difluorinated benzotriazole (BTZ) as A1 unit alternating copolymerized with 4,4'-dicarboxylate-substituted difluorotetrathiophene (4TC) and 3,3'-dicarboxylate-substituted difluorotetrathiophene (C4T) as A2, respectively, are developed. Because of the double acceptor blocks with high electron affinity, both A1-π-A2 type copolymers possess the lower HOMO levels of 5.52-5.56 eV, which are lower than most D-A type donors. Polymer PBTZ-4TC and PBTZ-C4T have the same backbone but only differ with the position of carboxylate substituent on the A2 unit. Intriguingly, subtle optimizing the position of the carboxylate-substitute causes a significantly difference on the properties of the A1-π-A2 type copolymers. PBTZ-C4T with more planar geometry is demonstrated with better light absorption, higher crystallinity, more pronounced temperature-dependent aggregation effect, and favorable bulk heterojunction morphology but with slightly higher HOMO level and more emission energy loss relative to the PBTZ-4TC. The PBTZ-C4T device exhibits the higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.34% than the PBTZ-4TC-based one (8.75%). These results reveal that concept of A1-π-A2 type copolymers not only can afford more flexibility in tuning the energy levels to achieve the deep HOMO levels but also can provide a facial strategy to greatly enrich the types of polymer donors for high-performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC) , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330031 , P. R. China
| | - Bin Huang
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC) , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330031 , P. R. China
| | - Lifu Zhang
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC) , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330031 , P. R. China
| | - Lie Chen
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC) , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330031 , P. R. China
| | - Qian Xie
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC) , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330031 , P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Liao
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC) , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330031 , P. R. China
| | - Shaorong Huang
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC) , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330031 , P. R. China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC) , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330031 , P. R. China
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17
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Pankow RM, Ye L, Thompson BC. Influence of an ester directing-group on defect formation in the synthesis of conjugated polymers via direct arylation polymerization (DArP) using sustainable solvents. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00815b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the application of green solvents in DArP and the structure-dependent β-defect formation due to an ester directing group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Pankow
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Liwei Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
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