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Utievskyi Y, Neumann C, Sindlinger J, Schutjajew K, Oschatz M, Turchanin A, Ueberschaar N, Schacher FH. Polyoxometalate-Modified Amphiphilic Polystyrene- block-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) Membranes for Heterogeneous Glucose to Formic Acid Methyl Ester Oxidation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2498. [PMID: 37764527 PMCID: PMC10536830 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a new heterogeneous catalyst active toward glucose to formic acid methyl ester oxidation. The catalyst was fabricated via electrostatic immobilization of the inorganic polyoxometalate HPA-5 catalyst H8[PMo7V5O40] onto the pore surface of amphiphilic block copolymer membranes prepared via non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS). The catalyst immobilization was achieved via wet impregnation due to strong coulombic interactions between protonated tertiary amino groups of the polar poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) block and the anionic catalyst. Overall, three sets of five consecutive catalytic cycles were performed in an autoclave under 90 °С and 11.5 bar air pressure in methanol, and the corresponding yields of formic acid methyl ester were quantified via head-space gas chromatography. The obtained results demonstrate that the membrane maintains its catalytic activity over multiple cycles, resulting in high to moderate yields in comparison to a homogeneous catalytic system. Nevertheless, presumably due to leaching, the catalytic activity declines over five catalytic cycles. The morphological and chemical changes of the membrane during the prolonged catalysis under harsh conditions were examined in detail using different analytic tools, and it seems that the underlying block copolymer is not affected by the catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurii Utievskyi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christof Neumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Sindlinger
- Mass Spectrometry Platform, Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Konstantin Schutjajew
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry (ITUC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Oschatz
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry (ITUC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nico Ueberschaar
- Mass Spectrometry Platform, Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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2
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Plank M, Frieß FV, Bitsch CV, Pieschel J, Reitenbach J, Gallei M. Modular Synthesis of Functional Block Copolymers by Thiol–Maleimide “Click” Chemistry for Porous Membrane Formation. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Plank
- Ernst-Berl Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Volker Frieß
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Carina Vera Bitsch
- Ernst-Berl Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jens Pieschel
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Julija Reitenbach
- Ernst-Berl Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarene, Saarland Center for Energy Materials and Sustainability, Campus C4 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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3
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Ibrahim MIA, Solimando X, Stefan L, Pickaert G, Babin J, Arnal-Herault C, Roizard D, Jonquières A, Bodiguel J, Averlant-Petit MC. A lysine-based 2:1-[α/aza]-pseudopeptide series used as additives in polymeric membranes for CO 2 capture: synthesis, structural studies, and application †. RSC Adv 2023; 13:10051-10067. [PMID: 37006376 PMCID: PMC10052764 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00409k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study presents for the first time the synthesis of a new 2:1-[α/aza]-pseudopeptide series possessing charged amino acids (i.e., lysine) and aims at studying the influences of chirality, backbone length, and the nature of the lysine side chains on the conformation of the 2:1-[α/aza]-oligomers in solution using NMR, FTIR spectroscopy and molecular dynamic calculations. The spectroscopic results emphasized the conservation of the β-turn conformation adopted by the trimers regardless of the chirality which demonstrated a noticeable effect on the conformation of homochiral hexamer (8c) compared with the hetero-analogue (8d). The molecular dynamic calculations predicted that the chirality and the side chain of the lysine residues caused a little distortion from the classical β-turn conformation in the case of short trimer sequences (7c and 7d), while the chirality and the backbone length exerted more distortion on the β-turn adopted by the longer hexamer sequences (8c and 8d). The large disturbance in hexamers from classical β-turn was attributed to increasing the flexibility and the possibility of molecules to adopt a more energetically favorable conformation stabilized by non-classical β-turn intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Thus, alternating d- and l-lysine amino acids in the 2:1-[α/aza]-hexamer (8d) decreases the high steric hindrance between the lysine side chains, as in the homo analogue (8c), and the distortion is less recognized. Finally, short sequences of aza-pseudopeptides containing lysine residues improve CO2 separation when used as additives in Pebax® 1074 membranes. The best membrane performances were obtained with a pseudopeptidic dimer as an additive (6b′; deprotected lysine side chain), with an increase in both ideal selectivity αCO2/N2 (from 42.8 to 47.6) and CO2 permeability (from 132 to 148 Barrer) compared to the virgin Pebax® 1074 membrane. A new 2:1-[α/aza]-pseudopeptide series based charged lysine amino acid was synthesized. Influences of chirality, backbone length, and lysine side chains on the oligomers conformation were investigated in solution using NMR, FTIR and MD calculations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I. A. Ibrahim
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPMF-54000 NancyFrance
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOFEgypt
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University2-313 Kagamiyama, Higashi-HiroshimaHiroshima 739-0046Japan
| | | | - Loïc Stefan
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPMF-54000 NancyFrance
| | | | - Jérôme Babin
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPMF-54000 NancyFrance
| | | | - Denis Roizard
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGPF-54000 NancyFrance
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4
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Frieß FV, Hu Q, Mayer J, Gemmer L, Presser V, Balzer BN, Gallei M. Nanoporous Block Copolymer Membranes with Enhanced Solvent Resistance Via UV-Mediated Cross-Linking Strategies. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100632. [PMID: 34752668 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a block copolymer (BCP) consisting of poly((butyl methacrylate-co-benzophenone methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate)-block-(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)) (P(BMA-co-BPMA-co-MMA)-b-P(HEMA)) is prepared by a two-step atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) procedure. BCP membranes are fabricated applying the self-assembly and nonsolvent induced phase separation (SNIPS) process from a ternary solvent mixture of tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,4-dioxane, and dimethylformamide (DMF). The presence of a porous top layer of the integral asymmetric membrane featuring pores of about 30 nm is confirmed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). UV-mediated cross-linking protocols for the nanoporous membrane are adjusted to maintain the open and isoporous top layer. The swelling capability of the noncross-linked and cross-linked BCP membranes is investigated in water, water/ethanol mixture (1:1), and pure ethanol using atomic force microscopy, proving a stabilizing effect of the UV cross-linking on the porous structures. Finally, the influence of the herein described cross-linking protocols on water-flux measurements for the obtained membranes is explored. As a result, an increased swelling resistance for all tested solvents is found, leading to an increased water flux compared to the pristine membrane. The herein established UV-mediated cross-linking protocol is expected to pave the way to a new generation of porous and stabilized membranes within the fields of separation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian V Frieß
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Saarene, Saarland Center for Energy Materials and Sustainability, Campus C4 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Qiwei Hu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jannik Mayer
- Ernst-Berl-Institute of Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lea Gemmer
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Saarene, Saarland Center for Energy Materials and Sustainability, Campus C4 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volker Presser
- Saarene, Saarland Center for Energy Materials and Sustainability, Campus C4 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,INM - Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bizan N Balzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Saarene, Saarland Center for Energy Materials and Sustainability, Campus C4 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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5
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Buntkowsky G, Döller S, Haro-Mares N, Gutmann T, Hoffmann M. Solid-state NMR studies of non-ionic surfactants confined in mesoporous silica. Z PHYS CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2021-3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This review gives an overview of current trends in the investigation of confined molecules such as higher alcohols, ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol as guest molecules in neat and functionalized mesoporous silica materials. All these molecules have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts. They are characteristic role-models for the investigation of confined surfactants. Their properties are studied by a combination of solid-state NMR and relaxometry with other physicochemical techniques and molecular dynamics techniques. It is shown that this combination delivers unique insights into the structure, arrangement, dynamical properties and the guest-host interactions inside the confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Sonja Döller
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Nadia Haro-Mares
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Torsten Gutmann
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , State University of New York College at Brockport , Brockport , NY , 14420 , USA
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6
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Rahman MM. Selective Swelling and Functionalization of Integral Asymmetric Isoporous Block Copolymer Membranes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100235. [PMID: 34057263 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SNIPS stands for a membrane fabrication technique that combines the evaporation induced self-assembly of the block copolymers and the classical nonsolvent induced phase separation. It is a one-step readily scalable technique to fabricate integral asymmetric isoporous membranes. The prominent developments in the last decade have carved out a niche for SNIPS as a potential technique to fabricate next generation isoporous membranes. In the last decade, a rich polymer library and variety of membrane postmodification routes have been successfully implemented to fabricate SNIPS membranes having the desired pore functionality. Some of these membranes form soft nanochannels in hydrated state due to swelling of the pore wall, i.e., the pore forming block of the block copolymer. These membranes having soft nanochannels have demonstrated the potential to perform several challenging separation tasks in ultrafiltration and nanofiltration. This paper highlights the currently accessible pore functionality, the strategies to tune the swelling of the soft nanochannels, the potential applications, and future perspectives of these membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mushfequr Rahman
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Membrane Research, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht, 21502, Germany
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7
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He G, Wang P, Feng K, Dong H, Zhao H, Sun F, Yin H, Li W, Li G. Efficient Fabrication of Diverse Mesostructured Materials from the Self-Assembly of Pyrrole-Containing Block Copolymers and Their Confined Chemical Transformation. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guokang He
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Aerospace Research Institute of Special Material and Processing Technology, Beijing 100074, P. R. China
| | - Kai Feng
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hao Dong
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Fuwei Sun
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hang Yin
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wenyun Li
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Guangtao Li
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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8
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Hampu N, Werber JR, Chan WY, Feinberg EC, Hillmyer MA. Next-Generation Ultrafiltration Membranes Enabled by Block Polymers. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16446-16471. [PMID: 33315381 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reliable and equitable access to safe drinking water is a major and growing challenge worldwide. Membrane separations represent one of the most promising strategies for the energy-efficient purification of potential water sources. In particular, porous membranes are used for the ultrafiltration (UF) of water to remove contaminants with nanometric sizes. However, despite exhibiting excellent water permeability and solution processability, existing UF membranes contain a broad distribution of pore sizes that limit their size selectivity. To maximize the potential utility of UF membranes and allow for precise separations, improvements in the size selectivity of these systems must be achieved. Block polymers represent a potentially transformative solution, as these materials self-assemble into well-defined domains of uniform size. Several different strategies have been reported for integrating block polymers into UF membranes, and each strategy has its own set of materials and processing considerations to ensure that uniform and continuous pores are generated. This Review aims to summarize and critically analyze the chemistries, processing techniques, and properties required for the most common methods for producing porous membranes from block polymers, with a particular focus on the fundamental mechanisms underlying block polymer self-assembly and pore formation. Critical structure-property-performance metrics will be analyzed for block polymer UF membranes to understand how these membranes compare to commercial UF membranes and to identify key research areas for continued improvements. This Review is intended to inform readers of the capabilities and current challenges of block polymer UF membranes, while stimulating critical thought on strategies to advance these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Hampu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jay R Werber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Wui Yarn Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Feinberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Marc A Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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9
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Plank M, Hartmann F, Kuttich B, Kraus T, Gallei M. Self-assembly of amphiphilic poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-containing block copolymers in the vicinity of cellulose fibres. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Wang J, Rahman MM, Abetz C, Abetz V. Tuning the size selectivity of isoporous membranes for protein fractionation via two scalable post treatment approaches. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Bareuther J, Plank M, Kuttich B, Kraus T, Frey H, Gallei M. Temperature Variation Enables the Design of Biobased Block Copolymers via One-Step Anionic Copolymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000513. [PMID: 33047426 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot approach for the preparation of diblock copolymers consisting of polystyrene and polymyrcene blocks is described via a temperature-induced block copolymer (BCP) formation strategy. A monomer mixture of styrene and myrcene is employed. The unreactive nature of myrcene in a polar solvent (tetrahydrofuran) at -78 °C enables the sole formation of active polystyrene macroinitiators, while an increase of the temperature (-38 °C to room temperature) leads to poly(styrene-block-myrcene) formation due to polymerization of myrcene. Well-defined BCPs featuring molar masses in the range of 44-117.2 kg mol-1 with dispersities, Ð, of 1.09-1.21, and polymyrcene volume fractions of 30-64% are accessible. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry measurements reveal the temperature-controlled polymyrcene block formation, while both transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements prove the presence of clearly microphase-separated, long range-ordered domains in the block copolymers. The temperature-controlled one-pot anionic block copolymerization approach may be general for other terpene-diene monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bareuther
- Ernst-Berl-Institute of Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Martina Plank
- Ernst-Berl-Institute of Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Björn Kuttich
- INM-Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Tobias Kraus
- INM-Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany.,Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4 2, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
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12
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Buntkowsky G, Vogel M. Small Molecules, Non-Covalent Interactions, and Confinement. Molecules 2020; 25:E3311. [PMID: 32708283 PMCID: PMC7397022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This review gives an overview of current trends in the investigation of small guest molecules, confined in neat and functionalized mesoporous silica materials by a combination of solid-state NMR and relaxometry with other physico-chemical techniques. The reported guest molecules are water, small alcohols, and carbonic acids, small aromatic and heteroaromatic molecules, ionic liquids, and surfactants. They are taken as characteristic role-models, which are representatives for the typical classes of organic molecules. It is shown that this combination delivers unique insights into the structure, arrangement, dynamics, guest-host interactions, and the binding sites in these confined systems, and is probably the most powerful analytical technique to probe these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Buntkowsky
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Vogel
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
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13
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14
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Shetty S, Baig N, Al-Mousawi S, Al-Sagheer F, Alameddine B. Synthesis of secondary arylamine copolymers with Iron(II) clathrochelate units and their functionalization into tertiary Polyarylamines via Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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