1
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Peng L, Fang Z, Lin X, Li G, Chen K, Qiu X. The Critical Role of Ca 2+ in Improving the Transparency and Strength of High-Filler-Content Nanocellulose/Montmorillonite Nanocomposite Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:38387-38394. [PMID: 38981092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Strong and transparent nanocellulose/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposite films with high filler content (≥50 wt %) are emerging as versatile materials for advanced applications due to their excellent optical, barrier, mechanical, and thermal properties, and environmental friendliness. Nonetheless, these films undergo a notable decline in optical and mechanical properties at high MMT loadings. This study first demonstrates that calcium-ion-induced tactoids are the key factor causing disordered structures in nanocomposite films, leading to the degradation of optical and mechanical properties. We then address this issue by employing a Ca2+ removal strategy─dialysis. Through removing 43% of free Ca2+, simultaneous improvements in both properties are observed. For example, in a nanocomposite film with 70 wt % MMT, light transmittance increases from 75.9 to 91.6%, and the tensile strength rises from 100.4 to 139.4 MPa. This work offers insights into developing strong and transparent nanocomposite films with high MMT contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Guanhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Kaihuang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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2
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Ding Z, Klein T, Barner-Kowollik C, Mirkhalaf M. Multifunctional nacre-like materials. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5371-5390. [PMID: 37882614 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01015e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Nacre, the iridescent inner layer of seashells, displays an exceptional combination of strength and toughness due to its 'brick-wall' architecture. Significant research has been devoted to replicating nacre's architecture and its associated deformation and failure mechanisms. Using the resulting materials in applications necessitates adding functionalities such as self-healing, force sensing, bioactivity, heat conductivity and resistance, transparency, and electromagnetic interference shielding. Herein, progress in the fabrication, mechanics, and multi-functionality of nacre-like materials, particularly over the past three years is systematically and critically reviewed. The fabrication techniques reviewed include 3D printing, freeze-casting, mixing/coating-assembling, and laser engraving. The mechanical properties of the resulting materials are discussed in comparison with their constituents and previously developed nacre mimics. Subsequently, the progress in incorporating multifunctionalities and the resulting physical, chemical, and biological properties are evaluated. We finally provide suggestions based on 3D/4D printing, advanced modelling techniques, and machine elements to make reprogrammable nacre-like components with complex shapes and small building blocks, tackling some of the main challenges in the science and translation of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Ding
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000 Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4059 Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Travis Klein
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000 Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4059 Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000 Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000 Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Mirkhalaf
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000 Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4059 Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000 Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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3
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Li L, Tian W, VahidMohammadi A, Rostami J, Chen B, Matthews K, Ram F, Pettersson T, Wågberg L, Benselfelt T, Gogotsi Y, Berglund LA, Hamedi MM. Ultrastrong Ionotronic Films Showing Electrochemical Osmotic Actuation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301163. [PMID: 37491007 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
A multifunctional soft material with high ionic and electrical conductivity, combined with high mechanical properties and the ability to change shape can enable bioinspired responsive devices and systems. The incorporation of all these characteristics in a single material is very challenging, as the improvement of one property tends to reduce other properties. Here, a nanocomposite film based on charged, high-aspect-ratio 1D flexible nanocellulose fibrils, and 2D Ti3 C2 Tx MXene is presented. The self-assembly process results in a stratified structure with the nanoparticles aligned in-plane, providing high ionotronic conductivity and mechanical strength, as well as large water uptake. In hydrogel form with 20 wt% liquid, the electrical conductivity is over 200 S cm-1 and the in-plane tensile strength is close to 100 MPa. This multifunctional performance results from the uniquely layered composite structure at nano- and mesoscales. A new type of electrical soft actuator is assembled where voltage as low as ±1 V resulted in osmotic effects and giant reversible out-of-plane swelling, reaching 85% strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lengwan Li
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Weiqian Tian
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Armin VahidMohammadi
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jowan Rostami
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Kyle Matthews
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Farsa Ram
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Pettersson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Tobias Benselfelt
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lars A Berglund
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Mahiar Max Hamedi
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
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4
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Espíndola SP, Zlopasa J, Picken SJ. Systematic Study of the Nanostructures of Exfoliated Polymer Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2023; 56:7579-7586. [PMID: 37781216 PMCID: PMC10537450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
High-performance bioinspired materials have shown rapid development over the last decade. Examples are brick-and-mortar hierarchical structures, which are often achieved via solvent evaporation. Although good properties are claimed, most systems are composed of stacked or intercalated platelets. Exfoliation is a crucial step to give ultimate anisotropic properties, e.g., thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties. We propose a general framework for all the various types of micro-scale structures that should be distinguished for 2D filler nanocomposites. In particular, the exfoliated state is systematically explored by the immobilization of montmorillonite platelets via (gelatin) hydrogelation. Scattering techniques were used to evaluate this strategy at the level of the particle dispersion and the regularity of spatial arrangement. The gelatin/montmorillonite exfoliated nanostructures are fully controlled by the filler volume fraction since the observed gallery d-spacings perfectly fall onto the predicted values. Surprisingly, X-ray analysis also revealed short- and quasi long-range arrangement of the montmorillonite clay at high loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen Pereira Espíndola
- Advanced
Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied
Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jure Zlopasa
- Environmental
Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen J. Picken
- Advanced
Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied
Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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5
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Li L, Chen P, Medina L, Yang L, Nishiyama Y, Berglund LA. Residual Strain and Nanostructural Effects during Drying of Nanocellulose/Clay Nanosheet Hybrids: Synchrotron X-ray Scattering Results. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15810-15820. [PMID: 37531258 PMCID: PMC10448751 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with 2D silicate nanoplatelet reinforcement readily form multifunctional composites by vacuum-assisted self-assembly from hydrocolloidal mixtures. The final nanostructure is formed during drying. The crystalline nature of CNF and montmorillonite (MTM) made it possible to use synchrotron X-ray scattering (WAXS, SAXS) to monitor structural development during drying from water and from ethanol. Nanostructural changes in the CNF and MTM crystals were investigated. Changes in the out-of-plane orientation of CNF and MTM were determined. Residual drying strains previously predicted from theory were confirmed in both cellulose and MTM platelets due to capillary forces. The formation of tactoid platelet stacks could be followed. We propose that after filtration, the constituent nanoparticles in the swollen, solid gel already have a "fixed" location, although self-assembly and ordering processes take place during drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lengwan Li
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pan Chen
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Beijing
Engineering Research Centre of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lilian Medina
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lin Yang
- NSLS-II,
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | | | - Lars A. Berglund
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Robust flexural performance and fracture behavior of TiO 2 decorated densified bamboo as sustainable structural materials. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1234. [PMID: 36871036 PMCID: PMC9985615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36939-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-performance, fast-growing natural materials with sustainable and functional features currently arouse significant attention. Here, facile processing, involving delignification, in situ hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 and pressure densification, is employed to transform natural bamboo into a high-performance structural material. The resulting TiO2-decorated densified bamboo exhibits high flexural strength and elastic stiffness, with both properties more than double that of natural bamboo. Real-time acoustic emission reveals the key role of the TiO2 nanoparticles in enhancing the flexural properties. The introduction of nanoscale TiO2 is found to markedly increase the degree of oxidation and the formation of hydrogen bonds in bamboo materials, leading to extensive interfacial failure between the microfibers, a micro-fibrillation process that results in substantial energy consumption and high fracture resistance. This work furthers the strategy of the synthetic reinforcement of fast-growing natural materials, which could lead to the expanded applications of sustainable materials for high-performance structural applications.
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7
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A Renewable Lignin-based Thermoplastic Adhesive for Steel Joining. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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8
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Yang X, Li L, Nishiyama Y, Reid MS, Berglund LA. Processing strategy for reduced energy demand of nanostructured CNF/clay composites with tailored interfaces. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 312:120788. [PMID: 37059528 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Nacre-mimicking nanocomposites based on colloidal cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and clay nanoparticles show excellent mechanical properties, yet processing typically involves preparation of two colloids followed by a mixing step, which is time- and energy-consuming. In this study, a facile preparation method using low energy kitchen blenders is reported in which CNF disintegration, clay exfoliation and mixing carried out in one step. Compared to composites made from the conventional method, the energy demand is reduced by about 97 %; the composites also show higher strength and work to fracture. Colloidal stability, CNF/clay nanostructure, and CNF/clay orientation are well characterized. The results suggest favorable effects from hemicellulose-rich, negatively charged pulp fibers and corresponding CNFs. CNF disintegration and colloidal stability are facilitated with substantial CNF/clay interfacial interaction. The results show a more sustainable and industrially relevant processing concept for strong CNF/clay nanocomposites.
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9
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Insight into the extraction and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from date pits. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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10
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Li L, Maddalena L, Nishiyama Y, Carosio F, Ogawa Y, Berglund LA. Recyclable nanocomposites of well-dispersed 2D layered silicates in cellulose nanofibril (CNF) matrix. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 279:119004. [PMID: 34980351 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposites based on components from nature, which can be recycled are of great interest in new materials for sustainable development. The range of properties of nacre-inspired hybrids of 1D cellulose and 2D clay platelets are investigated in nanocomposites with improved nanoparticle dispersion in the starting hydrocolloid mixture. Films with a wide range of compositions are prepared by capillary force assisted physical assembly (vacuum-assisted filtration) of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN) reinforced by exfoliated nanoclays of three different aspect ratios: saponite, montmorillonite and mica. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron micrographs show almost monolayer dispersion of saponite and montmorillonite and high orientation parallel to the film surface. Films exhibit ultimate strength up to 573 MPa. Young's modulus exceeds 38 GPa even at high MTM contents (40-80 vol%). Optical transmittance, UV-shielding, thermal shielding and fire-retardant properties are measured, found to be very good and are sensitive to the 2D nanoplatelet dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lengwan Li
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenza Maddalena
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Federico Carosio
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Yu Ogawa
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lars A Berglund
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Xu Y, Guo J, Guan F, Yang Q, Yin J, Ji X. An acid-catalyzed polyol in situ crosslinked alginate ester/Antarctic krill protein composite fiber with improved strength and water resistance. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03189b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel alginate ester/Antarctic krill protein composite fiber with high strength and water resistance that is non-toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
- Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center of Function Fiber and Its Composites, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Fucheng Guan
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
- Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center of Function Fiber and Its Composites, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Juhui Yin
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Xinbin Ji
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
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12
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Smith AJ, Figiel Ł, Wan C, McNally T. Isocyanate-functionalised graphene oxide and poly(vinyl alcohol) nacre-mimetic inspired freestanding films. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 4:49-57. [PMID: 36132941 PMCID: PMC9419025 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00792k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nacre mimetic films based on 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy) functionalised graphene oxide (GO) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were readily prepared by self-assembly using a vacuum filtration method. The isocyanate (UPy) functionalisation of the PVA was confirmed from a combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and changes in d-spacing from X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and, of the GO by solid-state NMR measurements reported by the authors previously. This is the first example of nacre mimetic structures where both the nanoplatelet (GO) and polymer (PVA) components are functionalised with complimentary groups. The resulting films displayed substantial increases in Young's modulus (E) of 392% (GO1/PVA1), ultimate tensile strength (UTS, σ) of 535% (GO1/PVA1), elongation at break (ε max) of 598% (GO10/PVA5) and tensile toughness (U T) of 1789% (GO1/PVA10) compared to the un-functionalised GO analogues. The binding of UPy to both the GO and the PVA provides multiple routes by which these freestanding nacre mimetic films can dissipate applied loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Smith
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), WMG, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Łukasz Figiel
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), WMG, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Chaoying Wan
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), WMG, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Tony McNally
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), WMG, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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13
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Othman I, Pal P, Abu Haija M, Hassan SW, Abu-Jdayil B, AlKhateeb B, Banat F. Extraction of crystalline nanocellulose from palm tree date seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.). CHEM ENG COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2021.2001458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Israa Othman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priyabrata Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Abu Haija
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shadi W. Hassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basim Abu-Jdayil
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Baraa AlKhateeb
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jordan University for Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Bryant SJ, Calabrese V, da Silva MA, Zakir Hossain KM, Scott JL, Edler KJ. Rheological modification of partially oxidised cellulose nanofibril gels with inorganic clays. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252660. [PMID: 34234363 PMCID: PMC8263268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the influence of clays and partially oxidised cellulose nanofibrils (OCNF) on gelation as well as characterise their physical and chemical interactions. Mixtures of Laponite and montmorillonite clays with OCNF form shear-thinning gels that are more viscous across the entire shear range than OCNF on its own. Viscosity and other rheological properties can be fine-tuned using different types of clay at different concentrations (0.5-2 wt%). Laponite particles are an order of magnitude smaller than those of montmorillonite (radii of 150 Å compared to 2000 Å) and are therefore able to facilitate networking of the cellulose fibrils, resulting in stronger effects on rheological properties including greater viscosity. This work presents a mechanism for modifying rheological properties using renewable and environmentally-friendly nanocellulose and clays which could be used in a variety of industrial products including home and personal care formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffron J. Bryant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincenzo Calabrese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo A. da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Janet L. Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J. Edler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
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15
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Yang X, Biswas SK, Han J, Tanpichai S, Li M, Chen C, Zhu S, Das AK, Yano H. Surface and Interface Engineering for Nanocellulosic Advanced Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2002264. [PMID: 32902018 PMCID: PMC11468146 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
How do trees support their upright massive bodies? The support comes from the incredibly strong and stiff, and highly crystalline nanoscale fibrils of extended cellulose chains, called cellulose nanofibers. Cellulose nanofibers and their crystalline parts-cellulose nanocrystals, collectively nanocelluloses, are therefore the recent hot materials to incorporate in man-made sustainable, environmentally sound, and mechanically strong materials. Nanocelluloses are generally obtained through a top-down process, during or after which the original surface chemistry and interface interactions can be dramatically changed. Therefore, surface and interface engineering are extremely important when nanocellulosic materials with a bottom-up process are fabricated. Herein, the main focus is on promising chemical modification and nonmodification approaches, aiming to prospect this hot topic from novel aspects, including nanocellulose-, chemistry-, and process-oriented surface and interface engineering for advanced nanocellulosic materials. The reinforcement of nanocelluloses in some functional materials, such as structural materials, films, filaments, aerogels, and foams, is discussed, relating to tailored surface and/or interface engineering. Although some of the nanocellulosic products have already reached the industrial arena, it is hoped that more and more nanocellulose-based products will become available in everyday life in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianpeng Yang
- Laboratory of Active Bio‐Based MaterialsResearch Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH)Kyoto UniversityUjiKyoto611‐0011Japan
| | - Subir Kumar Biswas
- Laboratory of Active Bio‐Based MaterialsResearch Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH)Kyoto UniversityUjiKyoto611‐0011Japan
| | - Jingquan Han
- College of Materials science and EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037P. R. China
| | - Supachok Tanpichai
- Learning InstituteKing Mongkut's University of Technology ThonburiBangkok10140Thailand
| | - Mei‐Chun Li
- College of Materials science and EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037P. R. China
| | - Chuchu Chen
- College of Materials science and EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037P. R. China
| | - Sailing Zhu
- College of Materials science and EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037P. R. China
| | - Atanu Kumar Das
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and TechnologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSE‐90183Sweden
| | - Hiroyuki Yano
- Laboratory of Active Bio‐Based MaterialsResearch Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH)Kyoto UniversityUjiKyoto611‐0011Japan
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16
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Almarasy AA, Hayasaki T, Abiko Y, Kawabata Y, Akasaka S, Fujimori A. Comparison of characteristics of single-walled carbon nanotubes obtained by super-growth CVD and improved-arc discharge methods pertaining to interfacial film formation and nanohybridization with polymers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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17
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Xu D, Wang S, Berglund LA, Zhou Q. Surface Charges Control the Structure and Properties of Layered Nanocomposite of Cellulose Nanofibrils and Clay Platelets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:4463-4472. [PMID: 33428385 PMCID: PMC7880528 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial bonding and structure at the nanoscale in the polymer-clay nanocomposites are essential for obtaining desirable material and structure properties. Layered nanocomposite films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)/montmorillonite (MTM) were prepared from the water suspensions of either CNFs bearing quaternary ammonium cations (Q-CNF) or CNFs bearing carboxylate groups (TO-CNF) with MTM nanoplatelets carrying net surface negative charges by using vacuum filtration followed by compressive drying. The effect of the ionic interaction between cationic or anionic charged CNFs and MTM nanoplatelets on the structure, mechanical properties, and flame retardant performance of the TO-CNF/MTM and Q-CNF/MTM nanocomposite films were studied and compared. The MTM nanoplatelets were well dispersed in the network of TO-CNFs in the form of nanoscale tactoids with the MTM content in the range of 5-70 wt %, while an intercalated structure was observed in the Q-CNF/MTM nanocomposites. The resulting TO-CNF/MTM nanocomposite films had a better flame retardant performance as compared to the Q-CNF/MTM films with the same MTM content. In addition, the effective modulus of MTM for the TO-CNF/MTM nanocomposites was as high as 129.9 GPa, 3.5 times higher than that for Q-CNF/MTM (37.1 GPa). On the other hand, the Q-CNF/MTM nanocomposites showed a synergistic enhancement in the modulus and tensile strength together with strain-to-failure and demonstrated a much better toughness as compared to the TO-CNF/MTM nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingfeng Xu
- Division
of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Shennan Wang
- Division
of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Lars A. Berglund
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Qi Zhou
- Division
of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
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18
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Mianehrow H, Lo Re G, Carosio F, Fina A, Larsson PT, Chen P, Berglund LA. Strong Reinforcement Effects in 2D Cellulose Nanofibril-Graphene Oxide (CNF-GO) Nanocomposites due to GO-Induced CNF Ordering. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2020; 8:17608-17620. [PMID: 33796318 PMCID: PMC8009442 DOI: 10.1039/d0ta04406g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites from native cellulose with low 2D nanoplatelet content are of interest as sustainable materials combining functional and structural performance. Cellulose nanofibril-graphene oxide (CNF-GO) nanocomposite films are prepared by a physical mixing-drying method, with focus on low GO content, the use of very large GO platelets (2-45μm) and nanostructural characterization using synchrotron x-ray source for WAXS and SAXS. These nanocomposites can be used as transparent coatings, strong films or membranes, as gas barriers or in laminated form. CNF nanofibrils with random in-plane orientation, form a continuous non-porous matrix with GO platelets oriented in-plane. GO reinforcement mechanisms in CNF are investigated, and relationships between nanostructure and suspension rheology, mechanical properties, optical transmittance and oxygen barrier properties are investigated as a function of GO content. A much higher modulus reinforcement efficency is observed than in previous polymer-GO studies. The absolute values for modulus and ultimate strength are as high as 17 GPa and 250 MPa at a GO content as small as 0.07 vol%. The remarkable reinforcement efficiency is due to improved organization of the CNF matrix; and this GO-induced mechanism is of general interest for nanostructural tailoring of CNF-2D nanoplatelet composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Mianehrow
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giada Lo Re
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Rännvägen 2, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Federico Carosio
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, Via Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, Via Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Per Tomas Larsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- RISE Bioeconomy, Drottning Kristinas Väg 61, SE-11486 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Cellulose and its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lars A Berglund
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Lossada F, Abbasoglu T, Jiao D, Hoenders D, Walther A. Glass Transition Temperature Regulates Mechanical Performance in Nacre‐Mimetic Nanocomposites. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000380. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Lossada
- A 3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges‐Köhler‐Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Tansu Abbasoglu
- A 3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges‐Köhler‐Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Dejin Jiao
- A 3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges‐Köhler‐Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel Hoenders
- A 3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges‐Köhler‐Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- A 3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges‐Köhler‐Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Living, Adaptive and Energy‐Autonomous Materials Systems (livMatS) at FIT University of Freiburg Georges‐Köhler‐Allee 105 D‐79110 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS) University of Freiburg Albertstr. 19 79104 Freiburg Germany
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20
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Alimohammadzadeh R, Medina L, Deiana L, Berglund LA, Córdova A. Mild and Versatile Functionalization of Nacre-Mimetic Cellulose Nanofibrils/Clay Nanocomposites by Organocatalytic Surface Engineering. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19363-19370. [PMID: 32803029 PMCID: PMC7424572 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Development of surface-engineering strategies, which are facile, versatile, and mild, are highly desirable in tailor-made functionalization of high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites. We herein disclose for the first time a general organocatalytic strategy for the functionalization and hydrophobization of nacre-mimetic nanocomposites, which includes vide supra key aspects of surface engineering. The merging of metal-free catalysis and the design of nacre-mimetic nanocomposite materials were demonstrated by the organocatalytic surface engineering of cellulose nanofibrils/clay nanocomposites providing the corresponding bioinspired nanocomposites with good mechanical properties, hydrophobicity, and useful thia-, amino, and olefinic functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilian Medina
- Department
of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca Deiana
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Lars A. Berglund
- Department
of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Armando Córdova
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
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21
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Wei P, Cai J, Zhang L. High‐Strength
and Tough Crystalline
Polysaccharide‐Based
Materials
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pingdong Wei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
- Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymer‐based Medical Materials, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Jie Cai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
- Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymer‐based Medical Materials, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan University Shenzhen Guangdong 518057 China
| | - Lina Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
- Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymer‐based Medical Materials, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
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22
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Isolation and characterization of microcrystalline cellulose from date seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:730-739. [PMID: 32251746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the isolation and characterization of microcrystalline cellulose from date seeds of the date palm tree. The raw ground date seeds (RG-DS) are composed of cellulose matrix wrapped by lignin and hemicellulose as amorphous components. Cellulose was isolated from RG-DS through the following sequence: dewaxing, delignification/(bleaching) and acid hydrolysis. FTIR and Raman analysis for the bleached date seeds (B-DS) revealed the successful removal of the amorphous components from the polymer matrix. The X-ray diffractogram of the obtained (B-DS) exhibited the characteristic peaks of native cellulose (type I), with a crystallinity index (CrI = 62%). An additional acid hydrolysis step was used to convert native cellulose into microcrystalline cellulose (MCC-DS) with higher crystallinity (CrI = 70%). SEM analysis showed that the obtained microcrystals exhibit agglomerated and irregular elongated or semi-spherical shaped morphology. TEM analysis confirmed the semicrystalline nature of the MCC-DS. Thermal analysis showed enhanced thermal stability of MCC-DS. The current study shows the feasibility of using date seeds as a low-price source for obtaining MCC which is envisaged for applications in pharmaceutical and food industries as well as for preparing bionanocomposites with enhanced thermal properties.
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23
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Yang X, Reid MS, Olsén P, Berglund LA. Eco-Friendly Cellulose Nanofibrils Designed by Nature: Effects from Preserving Native State. ACS NANO 2020; 14:724-735. [PMID: 31886646 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) show high modulus and strength and are already used in industrial applications. Mechanical properties of neat CNF films or CNF-polymer matrix nanocomposites are usually much better than for polymer matrix composite films reinforced by clay, graphene, graphene oxide, or carbon nanotubes. In order to obtain small CNF diameter and colloidal stability, chemical modification has so far been necessary, but this increases cost and reduces eco-friendly attributes. In this study, an unmodified holocellulose CNF (Holo-CNF) with small diameter is obtained from mildly peracetic acid delignified wood fibers. CNF is readily defibrillated by low-energy kitchen blender processing. The hemicellulose coating on individual fibrils in the wood plant cell wall is largely preserved in Holo-CNF. This "native" CNF shows well-preserved native fibril structure in terms of length (∼2.1 μm), diameter (<5 nm), high crystallinity, high cellulose molar mass, electronegative charge, and limited mechanical processing damage. The hemicellulose coating contributes mechanical properties and high optical transmittance for CNF nanopaper, which can otherwise only be achieved with chemically modified CNFs. The CNF nanopaper shows superior mechanical properties with a Young's modulus of 21 GPa and an ultimate strength of 320 MPa. Moreover, hemicellulose imparts recyclability from the dried state. Altogether, this native CNF represents a class of colloidally stable, eco-friendly, low-cost CNF of small diameter for large-scale applications of nanopaper and nanomaterials.
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24
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Nacre-inspired hemicelluloses paper with fire retardant and gas barrier properties by self-assembly with bentonite nanosheets. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 225:115219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Wu Q, Mushi NE, Berglund LA. High-Strength Nanostructured Films Based on Well-Preserved α-Chitin Nanofibrils Disintegrated from Insect Cuticles. Biomacromolecules 2019; 21:604-612. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ngesa E. Mushi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. BOX 35131, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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