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Shao X, Xu H, Kim H, Ljaz S, Beier F, Jankowski V, Lellig M, Vankann L, Werner JN, Chen L, Ziegler S, Kuppe C, Zenke M, Schneider RK, Hayat S, Saritas T, Kramann R. Generation of a conditional cellular senescence model using proximal tubule cells and fibroblasts from human kidneys. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:364. [PMID: 39143064 PMCID: PMC11324798 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence highlights cellular senescence's pivotal role in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) and fibroblasts are major players in CKD and serve as cellular sources of senescence. The generation of a conditionally immortalized human kidney cell model would allow to better understand the specific mechanisms and factors associated with cellular senescence in a controlled setting, devoid of potential confounding factors such as age and comorbidities. In addition, the availability of human kidney cell lines for preclinical research is sparse and most cell lines do not reflect their in vivo counterparts due to their altered behavior as immortalized cancer-like cells. In this study, PTECs and fibroblasts from human kidneys were isolated and transduced with doxycycline-inducible simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40LT) vector. By comparing their gene expression with single-cell RNA sequencing data from human kidneys, the newly produced human kidney cell lines demonstrated significant resemblances to their in vivo counterparts. As predicted, PTECs showed functional activity and fibroblasts responded to injury with fibrosis. Withdrawal of the immortalizing factor doxycycline led to p21+ cell-cycle arrest and the key hallmarks of senescence. The obtained senescence gene set largely overlapped between both cell lines and with the previously published SenMayo set of senescence-associated genes. Furthermore, crosstalk experiments showed that senescent PTECs can cause a profibrotic response in fibroblasts by paracrine actions. In 76 human kidney sections, the number of p21+ cells correlated with the degree of fibrosis, age and reduced glomerular filtration, validating the role of senescence in CKD. In conclusion, we provide a novel cellular ex vivo model to study kidney senescence which can serve as a platform for large scale compounds testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Shao
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Huaming Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sadaf Ljaz
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Beier
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Vera Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michaela Lellig
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lucia Vankann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Niklas Werner
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne Ziegler
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kuppe
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Institute of Cell and Tumorbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sikander Hayat
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Turgay Saritas
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Long KR, Rbaibi Y, Kashlan OB, Weisz OA. Receptor-associated protein impairs ligand binding to megalin and megalin-dependent endocytic flux in proximal tubule cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F457-F464. [PMID: 37534387 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00165.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proximal tubule (PT) cells retrieve albumin and a broad array of other ligands from the glomerular ultrafiltrate. Efficient uptake of albumin requires PT expression of both megalin and cubilin receptors. Although most proteins engage cubilin selectively, megalin is required to maintain robust flux through the apical endocytic pathway. Receptor-associated protein (RAP) is a chaperone that directs megalin to the cell surface, and recombinant RAP dramatically inhibits the uptake of numerous megalin and cubilin ligands. The mechanism by which this occurs has been suggested to involve competitive inhibition of ligand binding and/or conformational changes in megalin that prevent interaction with ligands and/or with cubilin. To discriminate between these possibilities, we determined the effect of RAP on endocytosis of albumin, which binds to cubilin and megalin receptors with high and low affinity, respectively. Uptake was quantified in opossum kidney (OK) cells and in megalin or cubilin (Cubn) knockout (KO) clones. Surprisingly, RAP inhibited fluid-phase uptake in addition to receptor-mediated uptake in OK cells and Cubn KO cells but had no effect on endocytosis when megalin was absent. The apparent Ki for RAP inhibition of albumin uptake was 10-fold higher in Cubn KO cells compared with parental OK cells. We conclude that in addition to its predicted high-affinity competition for ligand binding to megalin, the primary effect of RAP on PT cell endocytosis is to globally dampen megalin-dependent endocytic flux. Our data explain the complex effects of RAP on binding and uptake of filtered proteins and reveal a novel role in modulating endocytosis in PT cells.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Receptor-associated protein inhibits binding and uptake of all known endogenous ligands by megalin and cubilin receptors via unknown mechanism(s). Here, we took advantage of recently generated knockout cell lines to dissect the effect of this protein on megalin- and cubilin-mediated endocytosis. Our study reveals a novel role for receptor-associated protein in blocking megalin-stimulated endocytic uptake of fluid-phase markers and receptor-bound ligands in proximal tubule cells in addition to its direct effect on ligand binding to megalin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Long
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Youssef Rbaibi
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ossama B Kashlan
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ora A Weisz
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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3
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Discovery of novel tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine analogs as potent autotaxin regulators with impressive tumor suppression effects. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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In Vitro Characterization of Renal Drug Transporter Activity in Kidney Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710177. [PMID: 36077583 PMCID: PMC9456511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of drug transporters is central to the secretory function of the kidneys and a defining feature of renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs). The expression, regulation, and function of these membrane-bound proteins is well understood under normal renal physiological conditions. However, the impact of drug transporters on the pathophysiology of kidney cancer is still elusive. In the present study, we employed different renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines and a prototypical non-malignant RPTEC cell line to characterize the activity, expression, and potential regulatory mechanisms of relevant renal drug transporters in RCC in vitro. An analysis of the uptake and efflux activity, the expression of drug transporters, and the evaluation of cisplatin cytotoxicity under the effects of methylation or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition showed that the RCC cells retained substantial drug transport activity. In RCC cells, P-glycoprotein was localized in the nucleus and its pharmacological inhibition enhanced cisplatin toxicity in non-malignant RPTECs. On the other hand, methylation inhibition enhanced cisplatin toxicity by upregulating the organic cation uptake activity in RCC cells. Differential effects of methylation and EGFR were observed in transporter expression, showing regulatory heterogeneity in these cells. Interestingly, the non-malignant RPTEC cell line that was used lacked the machinery responsible for organic cation transport, which reiterates the functional losses that renal cells undergo in vitro.
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Genderen AMV, G Valverde M, Capendale PE, Kersten V, Sendino Garví E, Schuurmans CCL, Ruelas M, Soeiro JT, Tang G, Janssen MJ, Jansen J, Mihăilă SM, Vermonden T, Zhang YS, Masereeuw R. Co-axial Printing of Convoluted Proximal Tubule for Kidney Disease Modeling. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35700695 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac7895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing incidence of kidney-related diseases, we are still far from understanding the underlying mechanisms of these diseases and their progression. This lack of understanding is partly because of a poor replication of the diseases in vitro, limited to planar culture. Advancing towards three-dimensional models, hereby we propose coaxial printing to obtain microfibers containing a helical hollow microchannel. These recapitulate the architecture of the proximal tubule (PT), an important nephron segment often affected in kidney disorders. A stable gelatin/alginate-based ink was formulated to allow printability while maintaining structural properties. Fine tuning of the composition, printing temperature and extrusion rate allowed for optimal ink viscosity that led to coiling of the microfiber's inner channel. The printed microfibers exhibited prolonged structural stability (42 days) and cytocompatibility in culture. Healthy conditionally immortalized PT epithelial cells and a knockout cell model for cystinosis (CTNS-/-) were seeded to mimic two genotypes of PT. Upon culturing for 14 days, engineered PT showed homogenous cytoskeleton organization as indicated by staining for filamentous actin, barrier-formation and polarization with apical marker α-tubulin and basolateral marker Na+/K+-ATPase. Cell viability was slightly decreased upon prolonged culturing for 14 days, which was more pronounced inCTNS-/-microfibers. Finally, cystinosis cells showed reduced apical transport activity in the microfibers compared to healthy PT epithelial cells when looking at breast cancer resistance protein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 4. Engineered PT incorporated in a custom-designed microfluidic chip allowed to assess leak-tightness of the epithelium, which appeared less tight in cystinosis PT compared to healthy PT, in agreement with its in vivo phenotype. While we are still on the verge of patient-oriented medicine, this system holds great promise for further research in establishing advanced in vitro disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Metje van Genderen
- Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, NETHERLANDS
| | - Marta G Valverde
- Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, NETHERLANDS
| | - Pamela E Capendale
- Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, NETHERLANDS
| | - Valerie Kersten
- Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, NETHERLANDS
| | - Elena Sendino Garví
- Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, NETHERLANDS
| | - Carl C L Schuurmans
- Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, NETHERLANDS
| | - Marina Ruelas
- Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, UNITED STATES
| | - Joana T Soeiro
- Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, NETHERLANDS
| | - Guosheng Tang
- Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, UNITED STATES
| | - Manoe J Janssen
- Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, NETHERLANDS
| | - Jitske Jansen
- Pathology and Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, -, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, NETHERLANDS
| | - Silvia M Mihăilă
- Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, NETHERLANDS
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiteit Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, NETHERLANDS
| | - Y Shrike Zhang
- Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, UNITED STATES
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, NETHERLANDS
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6
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Lei H, Wang X, Zhao G, Li T, Cui Y, Wu H, Yang J, Jiang N, Zhai X. Design, synthesis and promising anti-tumor efficacy of novel imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives as potent autotaxin allosteric inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 236:114307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Englezakis A, Gozalpour E, Kamran M, Fenner K, Mele E, Coopman K. Development of a hollow fibre-based renal module for active transport studies. J Artif Organs 2021; 24:473-484. [PMID: 33751266 PMCID: PMC8571221 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-021-01260-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the active transport of substrates by the kidney in the renal proximal convoluted tubule is crucial for drug development and for studying kidney diseases. Currently, cell-based assays are applied for this this purpose, however, differences between assays and the body are common, indicating the importance of in vitro-in vivo discrepancies. Several studies have suggested that 3D cell cultures expose cells to a more physiological environments, thus, providing more accurate cell function results. To mimic the renal proximal tubule, we have developed a custom-made renal module (RM), containing a single polypropylene hollow fibre (Plasmaphan P1LX, 3M) that serves as a porous scaffold and compared to conventional Transwell cell-based bidirectional transport studies. In addition, a constant flow of media, exposed cells to a physiological shear stress of 0.2 dyne/cm2. MDCK-Mdr1a cells, overexpressing the rat Mdr1a (P-gp) transporter, were seeded onto the HF membrane surface coated with the basement membrane matrix Geltrex which facilitated cell adhesion and tight junction formation. Cells were then seeded into the HF lumen where attachment and tight junction formation were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy while epithelial barrier integrity under shear stress was shown to be achieved by day 7. qPCR results have shown significant changes in gene expression compared to cells grown on Transwells. Kidney injury marker such as KIM-1 and the hypoxia marker CA9 have been downregulated, while the CD133 (Prominin-1) microvilli marker has shown a fivefold upregulation. Furthermore, the renal transporter P-gp expression has been downregulated by 50%. Finally, bidirectional assays have shown that cells grown in the RM were able to reabsorb albumin with a higher efficiency compared to Transwell cell cultures while efflux of the P-gp-specific substrates Hoechst and Rhodamine 123 was decreased. These results further support the effect of the microenvironment and fluidic shear stress on cell function and gene expression. This can serve as the basis for the development of a microphysiological renal model for drug transport studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Englezakis
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Elnaz Gozalpour
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D Biopharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mohammed Kamran
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Katherine Fenner
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D Biopharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elisa Mele
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Karen Coopman
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Cell spinpods are a simple inexpensive suspension culture device to deliver fluid shear stress to renal proximal tubular cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21296. [PMID: 34716334 PMCID: PMC8556299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotating forms of suspension culture allow cells to aggregate into spheroids, prevent the de-differentiating influence of 2D culture, and, perhaps most importantly of all, provide physiologically relevant, in vivo levels of shear stress. Rotating suspension culture technology has not been widely implemented, in large part because the vessels are prohibitively expensive, labor-intensive to use, and are difficult to scale for industrial applications. Our solution addresses each of these challenges in a new vessel called a cell spinpod. These small 3.5 mL capacity vessels are constructed from injection-molded thermoplastic polymer components. They contain self-sealing axial silicone rubber ports, and fluoropolymer, breathable membranes. Here we report the two-fluid modeling of the flow and stresses in cell spinpods. Cell spinpods were used to demonstrate the effect of fluid shear stress on renal cell gene expression and cellular functions, particularly membrane and xenobiotic transporters, mitochondrial function, and myeloma light chain, cisplatin and doxorubicin, toxicity. During exposure to myeloma immunoglobulin light chains, rotation increased release of clinically validated nephrotoxicity cytokine markers in a toxin-specific pattern. Addition of cisplatin or doxorubicin nephrotoxins reversed the enhanced glucose and albumin uptake induced by fluid shear stress in rotating cell spinpod cultures. Cell spinpods are a simple, inexpensive, easily automated culture device that enhances cellular functions for in vitro studies of nephrotoxicity.
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9
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Brecklinghaus T, Albrecht W, Kappenberg F, Duda J, Vartak N, Edlund K, Marchan R, Ghallab A, Cadenas C, Günther G, Leist M, Zhang M, Gardner I, Reinders J, Russel FG, Foster AJ, Williams DP, Damle-Vartak A, Grandits M, Ecker G, Kittana N, Rahnenführer J, Hengstler JG. The hepatocyte export carrier inhibition assay improves the separation of hepatotoxic from non-hepatotoxic compounds. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 351:109728. [PMID: 34717914 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro/in silico method that determines the risk of human drug induced liver injury in relation to oral doses and blood concentrations of drugs was recently introduced. This method utilizes information on the maximal blood concentration (Cmax) for a specific dose of a test compound, which can be estimated using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling, and a cytotoxicity test in cultured human hepatocytes. In the present study, we analyzed if the addition of an assay that measures the inhibition of bile acid export carriers, like BSEP and/or MRP2, to the existing method improves the differentiation of hepatotoxic and non-hepatotoxic compounds. Therefore, an export assay for 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) was established. We tested 36 compounds in a concentration-dependent manner for which the risk of hepatotoxicity for specific oral doses and the capacity to inhibit hepatocyte export carriers are known. Compared to the CTB cytotoxicity test, substantially lower EC10 values were obtained using the CMFDA assay for several known BSEP and/or MRP2 inhibitors. To quantify if the addition of the CMFDA assay to our test system improves the overall separation of hepatotoxic from non-hepatotoxic compounds, the toxicity separation index (TSI) was calculated. We obtained a better TSI using the lower alert concentration from either the CMFDA or the CTB test (TSI: 0.886) compared to considering the CTB test alone (TSI: 0.775). In conclusion, the data show that integration of the CMFDA assay with an in vitro test battery improves the differentiation of hepatotoxic and non-hepatotoxic compounds in a set of compounds that includes bile acid export carrier inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Brecklinghaus
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Albrecht
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Franziska Kappenberg
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Julia Duda
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nachiket Vartak
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Marchan
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ahmed Ghallab
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, 83523, Qena, Egypt
| | - Cristina Cadenas
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Georgia Günther
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, PO Box M657, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Mian Zhang
- Simcyp (A Certara Company), Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Jörg Reinders
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Frans Gm Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alison J Foster
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic P Williams
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amruta Damle-Vartak
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany; Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Grandits
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstraße 14, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Ecker
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstraße 14, Vienna, Austria
| | - Naim Kittana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, PO Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Jörg Rahnenführer
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
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10
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Bajaj R, Chong LB, Zou L, Tsakalozou E, Ni Z, Giacomini KM, Kroetz DL. Interaction of Commonly Used Oral Molecular Excipients with P-glycoprotein. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:106. [PMID: 34528148 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) plays a critical role in drug oral bioavailability, and modulation of this transporter can alter the safety and/or efficacy profile of substrate drugs. Individual oral molecular excipients that inhibit P-gp function have been considered a mechanism for improving drug absorption, but a systematic evaluation of the interaction of excipients with P-gp is critical for informed selection of optimal formulations of proprietary and generic drug products. A library of 123 oral molecular excipients was screened for their ability to inhibit P-gp in two orthogonal cell-based assays. β-Cyclodextrin and light green SF yellowish were identified as modest inhibitors of P-gp with IC50 values of 168 μM (95% CI, 118-251 μM) and 204 μM (95% CI, 5.9-1745 μM), respectively. The lack of effect of most of the tested excipients on P-gp transport provides a wide selection of excipients for inclusion in oral formulations with minimal risk of influencing the oral bioavailability of P-gp substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Bajaj
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1550 4th Street RH584E, San Francisco, California, 94143-2911, USA
| | - Lisa B Chong
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1550 4th Street RH584E, San Francisco, California, 94143-2911, USA
| | - Ling Zou
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1550 4th Street RH584E, San Francisco, California, 94143-2911, USA
| | - Eleftheria Tsakalozou
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhanglin Ni
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1550 4th Street RH584E, San Francisco, California, 94143-2911, USA
| | - Deanna L Kroetz
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1550 4th Street RH584E, San Francisco, California, 94143-2911, USA.
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11
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Hermann R, Krajcsi P, Fluck M, Seithel-Keuth A, Bytyqi A, Galazka A, Munafo A. Review of Transporter Substrate, Inhibitor, and Inducer Characteristics of Cladribine. Clin Pharmacokinet 2021; 60:1509-1535. [PMID: 34435310 PMCID: PMC8613159 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-021-01065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cladribine is a nucleoside analog that is phosphorylated in its target cells (B- and T-lymphocytes) to its active adenosine triphosphate form (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine triphosphate). Cladribine tablets 10 mg (Mavenclad®) administered for up to 10 days per year in 2 consecutive years (3.5-mg/kg cumulative dose over 2 years) are used to treat patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. The ATP-binding cassette, solute carrier, and nucleoside transporter substrate, inhibitor, and inducer characteristics of cladribine are reviewed in this article. Available evidence suggests that the distribution of cladribine across biological membranes is facilitated by a number of uptake and efflux transporters. Among the key ATP-binding cassette efflux transporters, only breast cancer resistance protein has been shown to be an efficient transporter of cladribine, while P-glycoprotein does not transport cladribine well. Intestinal absorption, distribution throughout the body, and intracellular uptake of cladribine appear to be exclusively mediated by equilibrative and concentrative nucleoside transporters, specifically by ENT1, ENT2, ENT4, CNT2 (low affinity), and CNT3. Renal excretion of cladribine appears to be most likely driven by breast cancer resistance protein, ENT1, and P-glycoprotein. The latter may play a role despite its poor cladribine transport efficiency in view of the renal abundance of P-glycoprotein. There is no evidence that solute carrier uptake transporters such as organic anion transporting polypeptides, organic anion transporters, and organic cation transporters are involved in the transport of cladribine. Available in vitro studies examining the inhibitor characteristics of cladribine for a total of 13 major ATP-binding cassette, solute carrier, and CNT transporters indicate that in vivo inhibition of any of these transporters by cladribine is unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hermann
- Clinical Research Appliance (cr.appliance), Heinrich-Vingerhut-Weg 3, 63571, Gelnhausen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alain Munafo
- Institute of Pharmacometrics, an Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Three dimensional modeling of biologically relevant fluid shear stress in human renal tubule cells mimics in vivo transcriptional profiles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14053. [PMID: 34234242 PMCID: PMC8263711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney proximal tubule is the primary site for solute reabsorption, secretion and where kidney diseases can originate, including drug-induced toxicity. Two-dimensional cell culture systems of the human proximal tubule cells (hPTCs) are often used to study these processes. However, these systems fail to model the interplay between filtrate flow, fluid shear stress (FSS), and functionality essential for understanding renal diseases and drug toxicity. The impact of FSS exposure on gene expression and effects of FSS at differing rates on gene expression in hPTCs has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we performed RNA-sequencing of human RPTEC/TERT1 cells in a microfluidic chip-based 3D model to determine transcriptomic changes. We measured transcriptional changes following treatment of cells in this device at three different fluidic shear stress. We observed that FSS changes the expression of PTC-specific genes and impacted genes previously associated with renal diseases in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). At a physiological FSS level, we observed cell morphology, enhanced polarization, presence of cilia, and transport functions using albumin reabsorption via endocytosis and efflux transport. Here, we present a dynamic view of hPTCs response to FSS with increasing fluidic shear stress conditions and provide insight into hPTCs cellular function under biologically relevant conditions.
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13
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Grigoreva T, Sagaidak A, Romanova A, Novikova D, Garabadzhiu A, Tribulovich V. Establishment of drug-resistant cell lines under the treatment with chemicals acting through different mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 344:109510. [PMID: 33974899 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The problem of chemoresistance development is an inescapable flipside of modern oncotherapy, in particular for сolorectal cancer patients. The search for or development of drugs effective against resistant tumors involves the use of model resistant cell lines in vitro. To obtain such lines, we reproduced the development of chemoresistance of human colon adenocarcinoma cells under the treatment with drugs of different mechanisms, a cytostatic (paclitaxel) and a targeted agent (Nutlin-3a, an inhibitor of p53-Mdm2 protein-protein interaction). In each case, we gradually increased the content of the substance in the medium, starting from effective concentrations that do not cause total cell death. When studying the lines resistant to the corresponding drug, we noted a reduced sensitivity to the drug of another mechanism of action. Analysis of the original and resistant lines showed that the cells use the universal efflux defense mechanism. The observed effect can be partially neutralized using inhibitors of the ABC transport proteins, including P-glycoprotein, known for its oncoprotective function. The role of the latter was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Grigoreva
- St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Moskovskii Prospect, 26, St. Petersburg, 190013, Russia.
| | - Aleksandra Sagaidak
- St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Moskovskii Prospect, 26, St. Petersburg, 190013, Russia
| | - Angelina Romanova
- St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Moskovskii Prospect, 26, St. Petersburg, 190013, Russia
| | - Daria Novikova
- St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Moskovskii Prospect, 26, St. Petersburg, 190013, Russia
| | - Aleksander Garabadzhiu
- St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Moskovskii Prospect, 26, St. Petersburg, 190013, Russia
| | - Viacheslav Tribulovich
- St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Moskovskii Prospect, 26, St. Petersburg, 190013, Russia
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14
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Implementation of a Human Renal Proximal Tubule on a Chip for Nephrotoxicity and Drug Interaction Studies. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:1601-1614. [PMID: 33545187 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTEC) are susceptible to drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI). Cell-based, two-dimensional (2D) in vitro PTEC models are often poor predictors of DIKI, probably due to the lack of physiological architecture and flow. Here, we assessed a high throughput, 3D microfluidic platform (Nephroscreen) for the detection of DIKI in pharmaceutical development. This system was established with four model nephrotoxic drugs (cisplatin, tenofovir, tobramycin and cyclosporin A) and tested with eight pharmaceutical compounds. Measured parameters included cell viability, release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), barrier integrity, release of specific miRNAs, and gene expression of toxicity markers. Drug-transporter interactions for P-gp and MRP2/4 were also determined. The most predictive read outs for DIKI were a combination of cell viability, LDH and miRNA release. In conclusion, Nephroscreen detected DIKI in a robust manner, is compatible with automated pipetting, proved to be amenable to long-term experiments, and was easily transferred between laboratories. This proof-of-concept-study demonstrated the usability and reproducibility of Nephroscreen for the detection of DIKI and drug-transporter interactions. Nephroscreen it represents a valuable tool towards replacing animal testing and supporting the 3Rs (Reduce, Refine and Replace animal experimentation).
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15
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Rood JJM, Jamalpoor A, van Hoppe S, van Haren MJ, Wasmann RE, Janssen MJ, Schinkel AH, Masereeuw R, Beijnen JH, Sparidans RW. Extrahepatic metabolism of ibrutinib. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:1-14. [PMID: 32623551 PMCID: PMC7851014 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ibrutinib is a first-in-class Bruton's kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of multiple lymphomas. In addition to CYP3A4-mediated metabolism, glutathione conjugation can be observed. Subsequently, metabolism of the conjugates and finally their excretion in feces and urine occurs. These metabolites, however, can reach substantial concentrations in human subjects, especially when CYP3A4 is inhibited. Ibrutinib has unexplained nephrotoxicity and high metabolite concentrations are also found in kidneys of Cyp3a knockout mice. Here, a mechanism is proposed where the intermediate cysteine metabolite is bioactivated. The metabolism of ibrutinib through this glutathione cycle was confirmed in cultured human renal proximal tubule cells. Ibrutinib-mediated toxicity was enhanced in-vitro by inhibitors of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance protein (MRP). This was a result of accumulating cysteine metabolite levels due to efflux inhibition. Finally, through inhibition of downstream metabolism, it was shown now that direct conjugation was responsible for cysteine metabolite toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes J M Rood
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Benu apotheek Hoorn, Pakhuisstraat 80, 1621 GL, Hoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Amer Jamalpoor
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie van Hoppe
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Charles River Laboratories, Darwinweg 24, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs J van Haren
- Division of Chemical Biology & Drug Development, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Biological Chemistry Group, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland E Wasmann
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Manoe J Janssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred H Schinkel
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf W Sparidans
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Division of Chemical Biology & Drug Development, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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16
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van Gaal RC, Vrehen AF, van Sprang JF, Fransen PPKH, van Turnhout MC, Dankers PYW. Biomaterial screening of protein coatings and peptide additives: towards a simple synthetic mimic of a complex natural coating for a bio-artificial kidney. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2209-2220. [PMID: 33506836 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01930e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bio-artificial kidneys require conveniently synthesized membranes providing signals that regulate renal epithelial cell function. Therefore, we aimed to find synthetic analogues for natural extracellular matrix (ECM) protein coatings traditionally used for epithelial cell culturing. Two biomaterial libraries, based on natural ECM-coatings and on synthetic supramolecular small molecule additives, were developed. The base material consisted of a bisurea (BU) containing polymer, providing supramolecular BU-additives to be incorporated via specific hydrogen bonding interactions. This system allows for a modular approach and therefore easy fractional factorial based screening. A natural coating on the BU-polymer material with basement membrane proteins, laminin and collagen IV, combined with catechols was shown to induce renal epithelial monolayer formation. Modification of the BU-polymer material with synthetic BU-modified ECM peptide additives did not result in monolayer formation. Unexpectedly, simple BU-catechol additives induced monolayer formation and presented similar levels of epithelial markers and apical transporter function as on the laminin, collagen IV and catechol natural coating. Importantly, when this BU-polymer material was processed into fibrous e-spun membranes the natural coating and the BU-catechol additive were shown to perfectly function. This study clearly indicates that complex natural ECM-coatings can be replaced by simple synthetic additives, and displays the potency of material libraries based on design of experiments in combination with modular, supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C van Gaal
- Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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17
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van Genderen AM, Jansen K, Kristen M, van Duijn J, Li Y, Schuurmans CCL, Malda J, Vermonden T, Jansen J, Masereeuw R, Castilho M. Topographic Guidance in Melt-Electrowritten Tubular Scaffolds Enhances Engineered Kidney Tubule Performance. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:617364. [PMID: 33537294 PMCID: PMC7848123 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.617364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To date, tubular tissue engineering relies on large, non-porous tubular scaffolds (Ø > 2 mm) for mechanical self-support, or smaller (Ø 150-500 μm) tubes within bulk hydrogels for studying renal transport phenomena. To advance the engineering of kidney tubules for future implantation, constructs should be both self-supportive and yet small-sized and highly porous. Here, we hypothesize that the fabrication of small-sized porous tubular scaffolds with a highly organized fibrous microstructure by means of melt-electrowriting (MEW) allows the development of self-supported kidney proximal tubules with enhanced properties. Materials and Methods: A custom-built melt-electrowriting (MEW) device was used to fabricate tubular fibrous scaffolds with small diameter sizes (Ø = 0.5, 1, 3 mm) and well-defined, porous microarchitectures (rhombus, square, and random). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human conditionally immortalized proximal tubular epithelial cells (ciPTEC) were seeded into the tubular scaffolds and tested for monolayer formation, integrity, and organization, as well as for extracellular matrix (ECM) production and renal transport functionality. Results: Tubular fibrous scaffolds were successfully manufactured by fine control of MEW instrument parameters. A minimum inner diameter of 1 mm and pore sizes of 0.2 mm were achieved and used for subsequent cell experiments. While HUVEC were unable to bridge the pores, ciPTEC formed tight monolayers in all scaffold microarchitectures tested. Well-defined rhombus-shaped pores outperformed and facilitated unidirectional cell orientation, increased collagen type IV deposition, and expression of the renal transporters and differentiation markers organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Discussion and Conclusion: Here, we present smaller diameter engineered kidney tubules with microgeometry-directed cell functionality. Due to the well-organized tubular fiber scaffold microstructure, the tubes are mechanically self-supported, and the self-produced ECM constitutes the only barrier between the inner and outer compartment, facilitating rapid and active solute transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Metje van Genderen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Katja Jansen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kristen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joost van Duijn
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Carl C L Schuurmans
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jitske Jansen
- Department of Pathology and Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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18
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Mihevc M, Petreski T, Maver U, Bevc S. Renal proximal tubular epithelial cells: review of isolation, characterization, and culturing techniques. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9865-9882. [PMID: 33170426 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The kidney is a complex organ, comprised primarily of glomerular, tubular, mesangial, and endothelial cells, and podocytes. The fact that renal cells are terminally differentiated at 34 weeks of gestation is the main obstacle in regeneration and treatment of acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease. Furthermore, the number of chronic kidney disease patients is ever increasing and with it the medical community should aim to improve existing and develop new methods of renal replacement therapy. On the other hand, as polypharmacy is on the rise, thought should be given into developing new ways of testing drug safety. A possible way to tackle these issues is with isolation and culture of renal cells. Several protocols are currently described to isolate the desired cells, of which the most isolated are the proximal tubular epithelial cells. They play a major role in water homeostasis, acid-base control, reabsorption of compounds, and secretion of xenobiotics and endogenous metabolites. When exposed to ischemic, toxic, septic, or obstructive conditions their death results in what we clinically perceive as acute kidney injury. Additionally, due to renal cells' limited regenerative potential, the profibrotic environment inevitably leads to chronic kidney disease. In this review we will focus on human proximal tubular epithelial cells. We will cover human kidney culture models, cell sources, isolation, culture, immortalization, and characterization subdivided into morphological, phenotypical, and functional characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matic Mihevc
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Petreski
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Maver
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Sebastjan Bevc
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
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19
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Sun Y, Goes Martini A, Janssen MJ, Garrelds IM, Masereeuw R, Lu X, Danser AHJ. Megalin: A Novel Endocytic Receptor for Prorenin and Renin. Hypertension 2020; 75:1242-1250. [PMID: 32200675 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.14845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Megalin is an endocytic receptor contributing to protein reabsorption. Impaired expression or trafficking of megalin increases urinary renin and allowed the detection of prorenin, which normally is absent in urine. Here, we investigated (pro)renin uptake by megalin, using both conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cells and Brown Norway Rat yolk sac cells (BN16). To distinguish binding and internalization, cells were incubated with recombinant human (pro)renin at 4°C and 37°C, respectively. (Pro)renin levels were assessed by immunoradiometric assay. At 4°C, BN16 cells bound 3× more prorenin than renin, suggestive for a higher affinity of prorenin. Similarly, at 37°C, prorenin accumulated at 3- to 4-fold higher levels than renin in BN16 cells. Consequently, depletion of medium prorenin (but not renin) content occurred after 24 hours. No such differences were observed in conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cells, and M6P (mannose-6-phosphate) greatly reduced conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cells (pro)renin uptake, suggesting that these cells accumulate (pro)renin largely via M6P receptors. M6P did not affect (pro)renin uptake in BN16 cells. Yet, inhibiting megalin expression with siRNA greatly reduced (pro)renin binding and internalization by BN16 cells. Furthermore, treating BN16 cells with albumin, an endogenous ligand of megalin, also decreased binding and internalization of (pro)renin, while deleting the (pro)renin receptor affected the latter only. Exposing prorenin's prosegment with the renin inhibitor aliskiren dramatically increased prorenin binding, while after prosegment cleavage with trypsin prorenin binding was identical to that of renin. In conclusion, megalin might function as an endocytic receptor for (pro)renin and displays a preference for prorenin. Megalin-mediated endocytosis requires the (pro)renin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sun
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (Y.S., A.G.M., I.M.G., A.H.J.D.).,Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (Y.S., X.L.).,Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (Y.S.)
| | - Alexandre Goes Martini
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (Y.S., A.G.M., I.M.G., A.H.J.D.)
| | - Manoe J Janssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (M.J.J., R.M.)
| | - Ingrid M Garrelds
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (Y.S., A.G.M., I.M.G., A.H.J.D.)
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (M.J.J., R.M.)
| | - Xifeng Lu
- Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (Y.S., X.L.)
| | - A H Jan Danser
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (Y.S., A.G.M., I.M.G., A.H.J.D.)
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20
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Phillips JA, Grandhi TSP, Davis M, Gautier JC, Hariparsad N, Keller D, Sura R, Van Vleet TR. A pharmaceutical industry perspective on microphysiological kidney systems for evaluation of safety for new therapies. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:468-476. [PMID: 31989145 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00925f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The human kidney contains approximately one million nephrons. As the functional unit of the kidney, the nephron affords an opportunity to approximate the kidney at a microphysiological scale. Recent emergence of physiologically accurate human tissue models has radically advanced the possibilities of mimicking organ biology and multi-organ combinations in vitro. Anatomically, the nephron is one of the most complex, sequentially integrated microfluidic units in the body making the miniaturized microfluidic systems excellent candidates for capturing the kidney biology in vitro. While these models are promising, there are a number of considerations for practical implementation into a drug development paradigm. Opportunities for pharmaceutical industry applications of new MPS models often start with drug safety testing. As such, the intent of this article is to focus on safety and ADME applications. This article reviews biological functions of the kidney and options for characterizing known roles in nephrotoxicity. The concept of "context-of-use" is introduced as a framework for describing and verifying the specific features of an MPS platform for use in drug development. Overall, we present a perspective on key attributes of microphysiological kidney models, which the pharmaceutical industry could leverage to improve confident safety and ADME evaluations of experimental therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taraka Sai Pavan Grandhi
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Myrtle Davis
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08648, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas Keller
- Sanofi US, 55 Corporate Drive, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA
| | - Radhakrishna Sura
- Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 Waukegan Rd, N Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Terry R Van Vleet
- Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 Waukegan Rd, N Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Drug attrition related to kidney toxicity remains a challenge in drug discovery and development. In vitro models established over the past 2 decades to supplement in vivo studies have improved the throughput capacity of toxicity evaluation, but usually suffer from low predictive value. To achieve a paradigm shift in the prediction of drug-induced kidney toxicity, two aspects are fundamental: increased physiological relevance of the kidney model, and use of appropriate toxicity end points. Recent studies have suggested that increasing the physiological relevance of kidney models can improve their sensitivity to drug-induced damage. Here, we discuss how advanced culture models, including modified cell lines, induced pluripotent stem cells, kidney organoid cultures, and microfluidic devices enhance in vivo similarity. To this end, culture models aim to increase the proximal tubule epithelial phenotype, reconstitute multiple tissue compartments and extracellular matrix, allow exposure to fluid shear stress, and enable interaction between multiple cell types. Applying computation-aided end points and novel biomarkers to advanced culture models will further improve sensitivity and clinical relevance of in vitro drug-induced toxicity prediction. Implemented at the right stage of drug discovery and development and coupled to high-content evaluation techniques, these models have the potential to reduce attrition and aid the selection of candidate drugs with an appropriate safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom T G Nieskens
- CVRMSafety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Sjögren
- CVRMSafety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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22
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Zhang L, Liang C, Xu P, Liu M, Xu F, Wang X. Characterization of in vitro Mrp2 transporter model based on intestinal organoids. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 108:104449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Abyar S, Khandar AA, Salehi R, Abolfazl Hosseini-Yazdi S, Alizadeh E, Mahkam M, Jamalpoor A, White JM, Shojaei M, Aizpurua-Olaizola O, Masereeuw R, Janssen MJ. In vitro nephrotoxicity and anticancer potency of newly synthesized cadmium complexes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14686. [PMID: 31604983 PMCID: PMC6789105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexes based on heavy metals have great potential for the treatment of a wide variety of cancers but their use is often limited due to toxic side effects. Here we describe the synthesis of two new cadmium complexes using N(4)-phenyl-2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone (L1) and 5-aminotetrazole (L2) as organic ligands and the evaluation of their anti-cancer and nephrotoxic potential in vitro. The complexes were characterized by Single-crystal X-ray data diffraction, 1HNMR, FT-IR, LC/MS spectrometry and CHN elemental analysis. Next, cytotoxicity of these cadmium complexes was evaluated in several cancer cell lines, including MCF-7 (breast), Caco-2 (colorectal) and cisplatin-resistant A549 (lung) cancer cell lines, as well as in conditionally-immortalized renal proximal tubule epithelial cell lines for evaluating nephrotoxicity compared to cisplatin. We found that both compounds were toxic to the cancer cell lines in a cell-cycle dependent manner and induced caspase-mediated apoptosis and caspase-independent cell death. Nephrotoxicity of these compounds was compared to cisplatin, a known nephrotoxic drug, in vitro. Our results demonstrate that compound {2}, but not compound {1}, exerts increased cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and A549 cell lines, combined with reduced nephrotoxic potential compared to cisplatin. Together these data make compound {2} a likely candidate for further development in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selda Abyar
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166614766, Iran
- Division of pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ali Akbar Khandar
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166614766, Iran.
| | - Roya Salehi
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51656-65811, Iran.
| | | | - Effat Alizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51656-65811, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mahkam
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Azerbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, 5375171379, Iran
| | - Amer Jamalpoor
- Division of pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry and BIO-21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., 3010, Australia
| | - Motahhareh Shojaei
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166614766, Iran
| | - O Aizpurua-Olaizola
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Manoe J Janssen
- Division of pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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24
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Vriend J, Peters JGP, Nieskens TTG, Škovroňová R, Blaimschein N, Schmidts M, Roepman R, Schirris TJJ, Russel FGM, Masereeuw R, Wilmer MJ. Flow stimulates drug transport in a human kidney proximal tubule-on-a-chip independent of primary cilia. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1864:129433. [PMID: 31520681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney disease modeling and assessment of drug-induced kidney injury can be advanced using three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic models that recapitulate in vivo characteristics. Fluid shear stress (FSS) has been depicted as main modulator improving in vitro physiology in proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs). We aimed to elucidate the role of FSS and primary cilia on transport activity and morphology in PTECs. METHODS Human conditionally immortalized PTEC (ciPTEC-parent) was cultured in a microfluidic 3D device, the OrganoPlate, under a physiological peak FSS of 2.0 dyne/cm2 or low peak FSS of 0.5 dyne/cm2. Upon a 9-day exposure to FSS, albumin-FITC uptake, activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins 2/4 (MRP2/4), cytotoxicity and cell morphology were determined. RESULTS A primary cilium knock-out cell model, ciPTEC-KIF3α-/-, was successfully established via CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. Under physiological peak FSS, albumin-FITC uptake (p = .04) and P-gp efflux (p = .002) were increased as compared to low FSS. Remarkably, a higher albumin-FITC uptake (p = .03) and similar trends in activity of P-gp and MRP2/4 were observed in ciPTEC-KIF3α-/-. FSS induced cell elongation corresponding with the direction of flow in both cell models, but had no effect on cyclosporine A-induced cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS FSS increased albumin uptake, P-gp efflux and cell elongation, but this was not attributed to a mechanosensitive mechanism related to primary cilia in PTECs, but likely to microvilli present at the apical membrane. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE FSS-induced improvements in biological characteristics and activity in PTECs was not mediated through a primary cilium-related mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Vriend
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Janny G P Peters
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom T G Nieskens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Renata Škovroňová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Blaimschein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Schmidts
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg University Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom J J Schirris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Centre for Systems Biology and Bioenergetics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Centre for Systems Biology and Bioenergetics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J Wilmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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25
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Janssen MJ, Nieskens TTG, Steevels TAM, Caetano-Pinto P, den Braanker D, Mulder M, Ponstein Y, Jones S, Masereeuw R, den Besten C, Wilmer MJ. Therapy with 2'-O-Me Phosphorothioate Antisense Oligonucleotides Causes Reversible Proteinuria by Inhibiting Renal Protein Reabsorption. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 18:298-307. [PMID: 31610379 PMCID: PMC6796739 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotide therapy has been reported to be associated with renal injury. Here, the mechanism of reversible proteinuria was investigated by combining clinical, pre-clinical, and in vitro data. Urine samples were obtained from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients treated with drisapersen, a modified 2′O-methyl phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide (6 mg/kg). Urine and kidney tissue samples were collected from cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) dosed with drisapersen (39 weeks). Cell viability and protein uptake were evaluated in vitro using human conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cells (ciPTECs). Oligonucleotide treatment in DMD patients was associated with an increase in urinary alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M), which returned to baseline following treatment interruptions. In monkeys, increased urinary A1M correlated with dose-dependent accumulation of oligonucleotide in kidney tissue without evidence of tubular damage. Furthermore, oligonucleotides accumulated in the lysosomes of ciPTECs and reduced the absorption of A1M, albumin, and receptor-associated protein, but did not affect cell viability when incubated for up to 7 days. In conclusion, phosphorothioate oligonucleotides appear to directly compete for receptor-mediated endocytosis in proximal tubules. We postulate that oligonucleotide-induced low molecular weight proteinuria in patients is therefore a transient functional change and not indicative of tubular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoe J Janssen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Tom T G Nieskens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Pedro Caetano-Pinto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk den Braanker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Martijn J Wilmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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26
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Mihajlovic M, Hariri S, Westphal KCG, Janssen MJ, Oost MJ, Bongiovanni L, van den Heuvel LP, de Bruin A, Hilbrands LB, Masereeuw R. Safety evaluation of conditionally immortalized cells for renal replacement therapy. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5332-5348. [PMID: 31523392 PMCID: PMC6731099 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
End-stage kidney disease represents irreversible kidney failure. Dialysis and transplantation, two main treatment options currently available, present various drawbacks and complications. Innovative cell-based therapies, such as a bioartificial kidney, have not reached the clinic yet, mostly due to safety and/or functional issues. Here, we assessed the safety of conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cells (ciPTECs) for bioartificial kidney application, by using in vitro assays and athymic nude rats. We demonstrate that these cells do not possess key properties of oncogenically transformed cells, including anchorage-independent growth, lack of contact inhibition and apoptosis-resistance. In late-passage cells we did observe complex chromosomal abnormalities favoring near-tetraploidy, indicating chromosomal instability. However, time-lapse imaging of ciPTEC-OAT1, confined to a 3D extracellular matrix (ECM)-based environment, revealed that the cells were largely non-invasive. Furthermore, we determined the viral integration sites of SV40 Large T antigen (SV40T), human telomerase (hTERT) and OAT1 (SLC22A6), the transgenes used for immortalization and cell function enhancement. All integrations sites were found to be located in the intronic regions of endogenous genes. Among these genes, early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1) involved in endocytosis, and BCL2 Like 1 (BCL2L1) known for its role in regulating apoptosis, were identified. Nevertheless, both gene products appeared to be functionally intact. Finally, after subcutaneous injection in athymic nude rats we show that ciPTEC-OAT1 lack tumorigenic and oncogenic effects in vivo, confirming the in vitro findings. Taken together, this study lays an important foundation towards bioartificial kidney (BAK) development by confirming the safety of the cell line intended for incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Mihajlovic
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sam Hariri
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen C G Westphal
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manoe J Janssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam J Oost
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Bongiovanni
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Centre, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alain de Bruin
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Centre, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk B Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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27
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Sánchez-Romero N, Martínez-Gimeno L, Caetano-Pinto P, Saez B, Sánchez-Zalabardo JM, Masereeuw R, Giménez I. A simple method for the isolation and detailed characterization of primary human proximal tubule cells for renal replacement therapy. Int J Artif Organs 2019; 43:45-57. [DOI: 10.1177/0391398819866458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The main physiological functions of renal proximal tubule cells in vivo are reabsorption of essential nutrients from the glomerular filtrate and secretion of waste products and xenobiotics into urine. Currently, there are several established cell lines of human origin available as in vitro models of proximal tubule. However, these cells appeared to be limited in their biological relevance, because essential characteristics of the original tissue are lost once the cells are cultured. As a consequence of these limitations, primary human proximal tubule cells constitute a suitable and a biologically more relevant in vitro model to study this specific segment of the nephron and therefore, these cells can play an important role in renal regenerative medicine applications. Here, we describe a protocol to isolate proximal tubule cells from human nephrectomies. We explain the steps performed for an in-depth characterization of the cells, including the study of markers from others segments of the nephron, with the goal to determine the purity of the culture and the stability of proteins, enzymes, and transporters along time. The human proximal tubule cells isolated and used throughout this study showed many proximal tubule characteristics, including monolayer organization, cell polarization with the expression of tight junctions and primary cilia, expression of proximal tubule–specific proteins, such as megalin and sodium/glucose cotransporter 2, among others. The cells also expressed enzymatic activity for dipeptidyl peptidase IV, as well as for gamma glutamyl transferase 1, and expressed transporter activity for organic anion transporter 1, P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance proteins, and breast cancer resistance protein. In conclusion, characterization of our cells confirmed presence of putative proximal tubule markers and the functional expression of multiple endogenous organic ion transporters mimicking renal reabsorption and excretion. These findings can constitute a valuable tool in the development of bioartificial kidney devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sánchez-Romero
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Gimeno
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pedro Caetano-Pinto
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Mechanistic Safety and ADME Sciences, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Berta Saez
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
- Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Giménez
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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28
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Deltombe O, Glorieux G, Marzouki S, Masereeuw R, Schneditz D, Eloot S. Selective Transport of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins in Erythrocytes. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11070385. [PMID: 31266243 PMCID: PMC6669440 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11070385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the kinetics of protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) during hemodialysis (HD), we investigated the distribution of hippuric acid (HA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and p-cresyl sulfate (pCS) in erythrocytes of HD patients. Their transport across the erythrocyte membrane was explored in the absence of plasma proteins in vitro in a series of loading and unloading experiments of erythrocytes from healthy subjects and HD patients, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of three inhibitors of active transport proteins in erythrocytes was studied. The four PBUTs accumulated in erythrocytes from HD patients. From loading and unloading experiments, it was found that (i) the rate of transport was dependent on the studied PBUT and increased in the following sequence: HA < IS < pCS < IAA and (ii) the solute partition of intra- to extra-cellular concentrations was uneven at equilibrium. Finally, inhibiting especially Band 3 proteins affected the transport of HA (both in loading and unloading), and of IS and pCS (loading). By exploring erythrocyte transmembrane transport of PBUTs, their kinetics can be better understood, and new strategies to improve their dialytic removal can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Deltombe
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sami Marzouki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Schneditz
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Physiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sunny Eloot
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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29
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Al-Ali AAA, Steffansen B, Holm R, Nielsen CU. Nonionic surfactants increase digoxin absorption in Caco-2 and MDCKII MDR1 cells: Impact on P-glycoprotein inhibition, barrier function, and repeated cellular exposure. Int J Pharm 2018; 551:270-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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A novel multi-parametric high content screening assay in ciPTEC-OAT1 to predict drug-induced nephrotoxicity during drug discovery. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:3175-3190. [PMID: 30155723 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a major concern in the clinic and hampers the use of available treatments as well as the development of innovative medicines. It is typically discovered late during drug development, which reflects a lack of in vitro nephrotoxicity assays available that can be employed readily in early drug discovery, to identify and hence steer away from the risk. Here, we report the development of a high content screening assay in ciPTEC-OAT1, a proximal tubular cell line that expresses several relevant renal transporters, using five fluorescent dyes to quantify cell health parameters. We used a validation set of 62 drugs, tested across a relevant concentration range compared to their exposure in humans, to develop a model that integrates multi-parametric data and drug exposure information, which identified most proximal tubular toxic drugs tested (sensitivity 75%) without any false positives (specificity 100%). Due to the relatively high throughput (straight-forward assay protocol, 96-well format, cost-effective) the assay is compatible with the needs in the early drug discovery setting to enable identification, quantification and subsequent mitigation of the risk for nephrotoxicity.
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31
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Vormann MK, Gijzen L, Hutter S, Boot L, Nicolas A, van den Heuvel A, Vriend J, Ng CP, Nieskens TTG, van Duinen V, de Wagenaar B, Masereeuw R, Suter-Dick L, Trietsch SJ, Wilmer M, Joore J, Vulto P, Lanz HL. Nephrotoxicity and Kidney Transport Assessment on 3D Perfused Proximal Tubules. AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:90. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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32
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Vriend J, Nieskens TTG, Vormann MK, van den Berge BT, van den Heuvel A, Russel FGM, Suter-Dick L, Lanz HL, Vulto P, Masereeuw R, Wilmer MJ. Screening of Drug-Transporter Interactions in a 3D Microfluidic Renal Proximal Tubule on a Chip. AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:87. [PMID: 30051196 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug-transporter interactions could impact renal drug clearance and should ideally be detected in early stages of drug development to avoid toxicity-related withdrawals in later stages. This requires reliable and robust assays for which current high-throughput screenings have, however, poor predictability. Kidney-on-a-chip platforms have the potential to improve predictability, but often lack compatibility with high-content detection platforms. Here, we combined conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cells overexpressing organic anion transporter 1 (ciPTEC-OAT1) with the microfluidic titer plate OrganoPlate to develop a screenings assay for renal drug-transporter interactions. In this platform, apical localization of F-actin and intracellular tight-junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) indicated appropriate cell polarization. Gene expression levels of the drug transporters organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1; SLC22A6), organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2; SLC22A2), P-glycoprotein (P-gp; ABCB1), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 and 4 (MRP2/4; ABCC2/4) were similar levels to 2D static cultures. Functionality of the efflux transporters P-gp and MRP2/4 was studied as proof-of-concept for 3D assays using calcein-AM and 5-chloromethylfluorescein-diacetate (CMFDA), respectively. Confocal imaging demonstrated a 4.4 ± 0.2-fold increase in calcein accumulation upon P-gp inhibition using PSC833. For MRP2/4, a 3.0 ± 0.2-fold increased accumulation of glutathione-methylfluorescein (GS-MF) was observed upon inhibition with a combination of PSC833, MK571, and KO143. Semi-quantitative image processing methods for P-gp and MRP2/4 was demonstrated with corresponding Z'-factors of 0.1 ± 0.3 and 0.4 ± 0.1, respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrate a 3D microfluidic PTEC model valuable for screening of drug-transporter interactions that further allows multiplexing of endpoint read-outs for drug-transporter interactions and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Vriend
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (149), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom T G Nieskens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (149), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bartholomeus T van den Berge
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (149), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (149), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Suter-Dick
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J Wilmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (149), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Fedecostante M, Westphal KGC, Buono MF, Sanchez Romero N, Wilmer MJ, Kerkering J, Baptista PM, Hoenderop JG, Masereeuw R. Recellularized Native Kidney Scaffolds as a Novel Tool in Nephrotoxicity Screening. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1338-1350. [PMID: 29980578 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.080721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced kidney injury in medicinal compound development accounts for over 20% of clinical trial failures and involves damage to different nephron segments, mostly the proximal tubule. Yet, currently applied cell models fail to reliably predict nephrotoxicity; neither are such models easy to establish. Here, we developed a novel three-dimensional (3D) nephrotoxicity platform on the basis of decellularized rat kidney scaffolds (DS) recellularized with conditionally immortalized human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells overexpressing the organic anion transporter 1 (ciPTEC-OAT1). A 5-day SDS-based decellularization protocol was used to generate DS, of which 100-μm slices were cut and used for cell seeding. After 8 days of culturing, recellularized scaffolds (RS) demonstrated 3D-tubule formation along with tubular epithelial characteristics, including drug transporter function. Exposure of RS to cisplatin (CDDP), tenofovir (TFV), or cyclosporin A (CsA) as prototypical nephrotoxic drugs revealed concentration-dependent reduction in cell viability, as assessed by PrestoBlue and Live/Dead staining assays. This was most probably attributable to specific uptake of CDDP by the organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), TFV through organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1), and CsA competing for P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux. Compared with 2D cultures, RS showed an increased sensitivity to cisplatin and tenofovir toxicity after 24-hour exposure (9 and 2.2 fold, respectively). In conclusion, we developed a physiologically relevant 3D nephrotoxicity screening platform that could be a novel tool in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fedecostante
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.F., K.G.C.W., M.F.B., N.S.R., R.M.); Aragon's Health Science Institutes (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain (N.S.M.); Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.J.W., J.K.) and Physiology (J.G.H.), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain (P.M.B.); Liver and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.); Jiménez Díaz Foundation Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.); and Department of Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering, Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.)
| | - Koen G C Westphal
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.F., K.G.C.W., M.F.B., N.S.R., R.M.); Aragon's Health Science Institutes (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain (N.S.M.); Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.J.W., J.K.) and Physiology (J.G.H.), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain (P.M.B.); Liver and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.); Jiménez Díaz Foundation Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.); and Department of Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering, Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.)
| | - Michele F Buono
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.F., K.G.C.W., M.F.B., N.S.R., R.M.); Aragon's Health Science Institutes (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain (N.S.M.); Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.J.W., J.K.) and Physiology (J.G.H.), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain (P.M.B.); Liver and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.); Jiménez Díaz Foundation Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.); and Department of Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering, Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.)
| | - Natalia Sanchez Romero
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.F., K.G.C.W., M.F.B., N.S.R., R.M.); Aragon's Health Science Institutes (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain (N.S.M.); Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.J.W., J.K.) and Physiology (J.G.H.), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain (P.M.B.); Liver and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.); Jiménez Díaz Foundation Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.); and Department of Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering, Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.)
| | - Martijn J Wilmer
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.F., K.G.C.W., M.F.B., N.S.R., R.M.); Aragon's Health Science Institutes (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain (N.S.M.); Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.J.W., J.K.) and Physiology (J.G.H.), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain (P.M.B.); Liver and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.); Jiménez Díaz Foundation Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.); and Department of Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering, Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.)
| | - Janis Kerkering
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.F., K.G.C.W., M.F.B., N.S.R., R.M.); Aragon's Health Science Institutes (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain (N.S.M.); Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.J.W., J.K.) and Physiology (J.G.H.), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain (P.M.B.); Liver and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.); Jiménez Díaz Foundation Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.); and Department of Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering, Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.)
| | - Pedro Miguel Baptista
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.F., K.G.C.W., M.F.B., N.S.R., R.M.); Aragon's Health Science Institutes (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain (N.S.M.); Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.J.W., J.K.) and Physiology (J.G.H.), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain (P.M.B.); Liver and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.); Jiménez Díaz Foundation Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.); and Department of Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering, Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.)
| | - Joost G Hoenderop
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.F., K.G.C.W., M.F.B., N.S.R., R.M.); Aragon's Health Science Institutes (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain (N.S.M.); Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.J.W., J.K.) and Physiology (J.G.H.), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain (P.M.B.); Liver and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.); Jiménez Díaz Foundation Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.); and Department of Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering, Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.)
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.F., K.G.C.W., M.F.B., N.S.R., R.M.); Aragon's Health Science Institutes (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain (N.S.M.); Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.J.W., J.K.) and Physiology (J.G.H.), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain (P.M.B.); Liver and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.); Jiménez Díaz Foundation Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.); and Department of Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering, Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain (P.M.B.)
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Soo JYC, Jansen J, Masereeuw R, Little MH. Advances in predictive in vitro models of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Nat Rev Nephrol 2018; 14:378-393. [PMID: 29626199 PMCID: PMC6013592 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-018-0003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In vitro screens for nephrotoxicity are currently poorly predictive of toxicity in humans. Although the functional proteins that are expressed by nephron tubules and mediate drug susceptibility are well known, current in vitro cellular models poorly replicate both the morphology and the function of kidney tubules and therefore fail to demonstrate injury responses to drugs that would be nephrotoxic in vivo. Advances in protocols to enable the directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into multiple renal cell types and the development of microfluidic and 3D culture systems have opened a range of potential new platforms for evaluating drug nephrotoxicity. Many of the new in vitro culture systems have been characterized by the expression and function of transporters, enzymes, and other functional proteins that are expressed by the kidney and have been implicated in drug-induced renal injury. In vitro platforms that express these proteins and exhibit molecular biomarkers that have been used as readouts of injury demonstrate improved functional maturity compared with static 2D cultures and represent an opportunity to model injury to renal cell types that have hitherto received little attention. As nephrotoxicity screening platforms become more physiologically relevant, they will facilitate the development of safer drugs and improved clinical management of nephrotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Y-C Soo
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jitske Jansen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Melissa H Little
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Zhang L, Zhao J, Liang C, Liu M, Xu F, Wang X. A novel biosensor based on intestinal 3D organoids for detecting the function of BCRP. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1453-1459. [PMID: 28949254 PMCID: PMC8241135 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1381199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), a key drug efflux transporter, significantly affects the therapeutic efficacy of many drugs. Thus, screening specific BCRP inhibitors and distinguishing between substrates and non-substrates of BCRP are valuable in drug discovery and development. This study presents a novel BCRP biosensor based on intestinal 3D organoids for rapid and sensitive detection of BCRP function. First, the crypts were isolated from mouse small intestine, and cultured in advanced DMEM/F12 medium to develop intestinal 3D organoids. Second, immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that BCRP protein in the organoids presented a similar expression and physiologic position to the small intestinal epithelium. Finally, the cultured organoids were treated in BCRP fluorogenic probe substrate Hoechst 33342 with or without BCRP inhibitor Ko143 and YHO-13177. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst 33342 released from inner of the organoids was detected by microplate reader and the concentrations were calculated. Ko143 and YHO-13177 significantly inhibited the BCRP-mediated Hoechst 33342 transport in the 3D organoids. Consequently, a rapid and efficient biosensor has been successfully established to study BCRP, especially screening BCRP inhibitors in a high-throughput way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- a East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University , Shanghai , China.,b Department of Pharmacy , Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Junfang Zhao
- a East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University , Shanghai , China
| | - Chenmeizi Liang
- a East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University , Shanghai , China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- a East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University , Shanghai , China.,c Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine , Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Feng Xu
- a East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University , Shanghai , China.,b Department of Pharmacy , Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Xin Wang
- a East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University , Shanghai , China
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Caetano-Pinto P, Jamalpoor A, Ham J, Goumenou A, Mommersteeg M, Pijnenburg D, Ruijtenbeek R, Sanchez-Romero N, van Zelst B, Heil SG, Jansen J, Wilmer MJ, van Herpen CML, Masereeuw R. Cetuximab Prevents Methotrexate-Induced Cytotoxicity in Vitro through Epidermal Growth Factor Dependent Regulation of Renal Drug Transporters. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2147-2157. [PMID: 28493713 PMCID: PMC5462489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
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The combination of methotrexate with
epidermal growth factor receptor
(EGFR) recombinant antibody, cetuximab, is currently being investigated
in treatment of head and neck carcinoma. As methotrexate is cleared
by renal excretion, we studied the effect of cetuximab on renal methotrexate
handling. We used human conditionally immortalized proximal tubule
epithelial cells overexpressing either organic anion transporter 1
or 3 (ciPTEC-OAT1/ciPTEC-OAT3) to examine OAT1 and OAT3, and the efflux
pumps breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), multidrug resistance
protein 4 (MRP4), and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in methotrexate handling
upon EGF or cetuximab treatment. Protein kinase microarrays and knowledge-based
pathway analysis were used to predict EGFR-mediated transporter regulation.
Cytotoxic effects of methotrexate were evaluated using the dimethylthiazol
bromide (MTT) viability assay. Methotrexate inhibited OAT-mediated
fluorescein uptake and decreased efflux of Hoechst33342 and glutathione-methylfluorescein
(GS-MF), which suggested involvement of OAT1/3, BCRP, and MRP4 in
transepithelial transport, respectively. Cetuximab reversed the EGF-increased
expression of OAT1 and BCRP as well as their membrane expressions
and transport activities, while MRP4 and P-gp were increased. Pathway
analysis predicted cetuximab-induced modulation of PKC and PI3K pathways
downstream EGFR/ERBB2/PLCg. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK decreased
expression of OAT1 and BCRP, while P-gp and MRP4 were increased. AKT
inhibition reduced all transporters. Exposure to methotrexate for
24 h led to a decreased viability, an effect that was reversed by
cetuximab. In conclusion, cetuximab downregulates OAT1 and BCRP while
upregulating P-gp and MRP4 through an EGFR-mediated regulation of
PI3K-AKT and MAPKK-ERK pathways. Consequently, cetuximab attenuates
methotrexate-induced cytotoxicity, which opens possibilities for further
research into nephroprotective comedication therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Caetano-Pinto
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University , 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amer Jamalpoor
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University , 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Ham
- Department of Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center , 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anastasia Goumenou
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University , 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Natalia Sanchez-Romero
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University , 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Centro Investigación Biomédica de Aragón (CIBA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Bertrand van Zelst
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, ErasmusMC , 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra G Heil
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, ErasmusMC , 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jitske Jansen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University , 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J Wilmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc , 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carla M L van Herpen
- Department of Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center , 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University , 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Caetano-Pinto P, Jansen J, Assaraf YG, Masereeuw R. The importance of breast cancer resistance protein to the kidneys excretory function and chemotherapeutic resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2017; 30:15-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Nieskens TTG, Wilmer MJ. Kidney-on-a-chip technology for renal proximal tubule tissue reconstruction. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 790:46-56. [PMID: 27401035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The renal proximal tubule epithelium is responsible for active secretion of endogenous and exogenous waste products from the body and simultaneous reabsorption of vital compounds from the glomerular filtrate. The complexity of this transport machinery makes investigation of processes such as tubular drug secretion a continuous challenge for researchers. Currently available renal cell culture models often lack sufficient physiological relevance and reliability. Introducing complex biological culture systems in a 3D microfluidic design improves the physiological relevance of in vitro renal proximal tubule epithelium models. Organ-on-a-chip technology provides a promising alternative, as it allows the reconstruction of a renal tubule structure. These microfluidic systems mimic the in vivo microenvironment including multi-compartmentalization and exposure to fluid shear stress. Increasing data supports that fluid shear stress impacts the phenotype and functionality of proximal tubule cultures, for which we provide an extensive background. In this review, we discuss recent developments of kidney-on-a-chip platforms with current and future applications. The improved proximal tubule functionality using 3D microfluidic systems is placed in perspective of investigating cellular signalling that can elucidate mechanistic aberrations involved in drug-induced kidney toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom T G Nieskens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J Wilmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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