1
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Eymael J, van den Broek M, Miesen L, Monge VV, van den Berge BT, Mooren F, Velez VL, Dijkstra J, Hermsen M, Bándi P, Vermeulen M, de Wildt S, Willemsen B, Florquin S, Wetzels R, Steenbergen E, Kramann R, Moeller M, Schreuder MF, Wetzels JF, van der Vlag J, Jansen J, Smeets B. Human scattered tubular cells represent a heterogeneous population of glycolytic dedifferentiated proximal tubule cells. J Pathol 2023; 259:149-162. [PMID: 36373978 PMCID: PMC10107692 DOI: 10.1002/path.6029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Scattered tubular cells (STCs) are a phenotypically distinct cell population in the proximal tubule that increase in number after acute kidney injury. We aimed to characterize the human STC population. Three-dimensional human tissue analysis revealed that STCs are preferentially located within inner bends of the tubule and are barely present in young kidney tissue (<2 years), and their number increases with age. Increased STC numbers were associated with acute tubular injury (kidney injury molecule 1) and interstitial fibrosis (alpha smooth muscle actin). Isolated CD13+ CD24- CD133- proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) and CD13+ CD24+ and CD13+ CD133+ STCs were analyzed using RNA sequencing. Transcriptome analysis revealed an upregulation of nuclear factor κB, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and inflammatory pathways in STCs, whereas metabolism, especially the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, was downregulated, without showing signs of cellular senescence. Using immunostaining and a publicly available single-cell sequencing database of human kidneys, we demonstrate that STCs represent a heterogeneous population in a transient state. In conclusion, STCs are dedifferentiated PTECs showing a metabolic shift toward glycolysis, which could facilitate cellular survival after kidney injury. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Eymael
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van den Broek
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Miesen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie Villacorta Monge
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bartholomeus T van den Berge
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fieke Mooren
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vicky Luna Velez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelmer Dijkstra
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Meyke Hermsen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Péter Bándi
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia de Wildt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brigith Willemsen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roy Wetzels
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michiel F Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jack Fm Wetzels
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jitske Jansen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bart Smeets
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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2
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Jansen J, van den Berge BT, van den Broek M, Maas RJ, Daviran D, Willemsen B, Roverts R, van der Kruit M, Kuppe C, Reimer KC, Di Giovanni G, Mooren F, Nlandu Q, Mudde H, Wetzels R, den Braanker D, Parr N, Nagai JS, Drenic V, Costa IG, Steenbergen E, Nijenhuis T, Dijkman H, Endlich N, van de Kar NCAJ, Schneider RK, Wetzels JFM, Akiva A, van der Vlag J, Kramann R, Schreuder MF, Smeets B. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids for personalized congenital and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome modeling. Development 2022; 149:275031. [PMID: 35417019 PMCID: PMC9148570 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by severe proteinuria as a consequence of kidney glomerular injury due to podocyte damage. In vitro models mimicking in vivo podocyte characteristics are a prerequisite to resolve NS pathogenesis. The detailed characterization of organoid podocytes resulting from a hybrid culture protocol showed a podocyte population that resembles adult podocytes and was superior compared with 2D counterparts, based on single-cell RNA sequencing, super-resolution imaging and electron microscopy. In this study, these next-generation podocytes in kidney organoids enabled personalized idiopathic nephrotic syndrome modeling, as shown by activated slit diaphragm signaling and podocyte injury following protamine sulfate, puromycin aminonucleoside treatment and exposure to NS plasma containing pathogenic permeability factors. Organoids cultured from cells of a patient with heterozygous NPHS2 mutations showed poor NPHS2 expression and aberrant NPHS1 localization, which was reversible after genetic correction. Repaired organoids displayed increased VEGFA pathway activity and transcription factor activity known to be essential for podocyte physiology, as shown by RNA sequencing. This study shows that organoids are the preferred model of choice to study idiopathic and congenital podocytopathies. Summary: Kidney organoid podocytes generated from human pluripotent stem cells using a hybrid differentiation protocol allow podocyte pathophysiology modeling that leads to congenital as well as idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitske Jansen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Bartholomeus T van den Berge
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van den Broek
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger J Maas
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Deniz Daviran
- Department of Biochemistry, Electron Microscopy Center, Radboudumc Technology Center Microscopy, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 29, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brigith Willemsen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rona Roverts
- Department of Biochemistry, Electron Microscopy Center, Radboudumc Technology Center Microscopy, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 29, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marit van der Kruit
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Kuppe
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52062, Germany
| | - Katharina C Reimer
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52062, Germany.,Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52062, Germany
| | - Gianluca Di Giovanni
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fieke Mooren
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Quincy Nlandu
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Helmer Mudde
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy Wetzels
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk den Braanker
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Naomi Parr
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - James S Nagai
- Institute for Computational Genomics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Achen 52062, Germany.,Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52062, Germany
| | | | - Ivan G Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Achen 52062, Germany.,Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52062, Germany
| | - Eric Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Nijenhuis
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Dijkman
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Endlich
- NIPOKA, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicole C A J van de Kar
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52062, Germany.,Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jack F M Wetzels
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anat Akiva
- Department of Biochemistry, Electron Microscopy Center, Radboudumc Technology Center Microscopy, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 29, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52062, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel F Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Smeets
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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3
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Jansen J, Reimer KC, Nagai JS, Varghese FS, Overheul GJ, de Beer M, Roverts R, Daviran D, Fermin LA, Willemsen B, Beukenboom M, Djudjaj S, von Stillfried S, van Eijk LE, Mastik M, Bulthuis M, Dunnen WD, van Goor H, Hillebrands JL, Triana SH, Alexandrov T, Timm MC, van den Berge BT, van den Broek M, Nlandu Q, Heijnert J, Bindels EM, Hoogenboezem RM, Mooren F, Kuppe C, Miesen P, Grünberg K, Ijzermans T, Steenbergen EJ, Czogalla J, Schreuder MF, Sommerdijk N, Akiva A, Boor P, Puelles VG, Floege J, Huber TB, van Rij RP, Costa IG, Schneider RK, Smeets B, Kramann R, Achdout H, Aimon A, Bar-David E, Barr H, Ben-Shmuel A, Bennett J, Boby ML, Borden B, Bowman GR, Brun J, BVNBS S, Calmiano M, Carbery A, Cattermole E, Chernychenko E, Choder JD, Clyde A, Coffland JE, Cohen G, Cole J, Contini A, Cox L, Cvitkovic M, Dias A, Donckers K, Dotson DL, Douangamath A, Duberstein S, Dudgeon T, Dunnett L, Eastman PK, Erez N, Eyermann CJ, Fairhead M, Fate G, Fearon D, Federov O, Ferla M, Fernandes RS, Ferrins L, Foster R, Foster H, Gabizon R, Garcia-Sastre A, Gawriljuk VO, Gehrtz P, Gileadi C, Giroud C, Glass WG, Glen R, Itai glinert, Godoy AS, Gorichko M, Gorrie-Stone T, Griffen EJ, Hart SH, Heer J, Henry M, Hill M, Horrell S, Hurley MF, Israely T, Jajack A, Jnoff E, Jochmans D, John T, De Jonghe S, Kantsadi AL, Kenny PW, Kiappes J, Koekemoer L, Kovar B, Krojer T, Lee AA, Lefker BA, Levy H, London N, Lukacik P, Macdonald HB, Maclean B, Malla TR, Matviiuk T, McCorkindale W, McGovern BL, Melamed S, Michurin O, Mikolajek H, Milne BF, Morris A, Morris GM, Morwitzer MJ, Moustakas D, Nakamura AM, Neto JB, Neyts J, Nguyen L, Noske GD, Oleinikovas V, Oliva G, Overheul GJ, Owen D, Psenak V, Pai R, Pan J, Paran N, Perry B, Pingle M, Pinjari J, Politi B, Powell A, Puni R, Rangel VL, Reddi RN, Reid SP, Resnick E, Ripka EG, Robinson MC, Robinson RP, Rodriguez-Guerra J, Rosales R, Rufa D, Schofield C, Shafeev M, Shaikh A, Shi J, Shurrush K, Sing S, Sittner A, Skyner R, Smalley A, Smilova MD, Solmesky LJ, Spencer J, Strain-Damarell C, Swamy V, Tamir H, Tennant R, Thompson W, Thompson A, Thompson W, Tomasia S, Tumber A, Vakonakis I, van Rij RP, van Geel L, Varghese FS, Vaschetto M, Vitner EB, Voelz V, Volkamer A, von Delft F, von Delft A, Walsh M, Ward W, Weatherall C, Weiss S, White KM, Wild CF, Wittmann M, Wright N, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Zaidmann D, Zidane H, Zitzmann N. SARS-CoV-2 infects the human kidney and drives fibrosis in kidney organoids. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 29:217-231.e8. [PMID: 35032430 PMCID: PMC8709832 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Kidney failure is frequently observed during and after COVID-19, but it remains elusive whether this is a direct effect of the virus. Here, we report that SARS-CoV-2 directly infects kidney cells and is associated with increased tubule-interstitial kidney fibrosis in patient autopsy samples. To study direct effects of the virus on the kidney independent of systemic effects of COVID-19, we infected human-induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived kidney organoids with SARS-CoV-2. Single-cell RNA sequencing indicated injury and dedifferentiation of infected cells with activation of profibrotic signaling pathways. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 infection also led to increased collagen 1 protein expression in organoids. A SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitor was able to ameliorate the infection of kidney cells by SARS-CoV-2. Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect kidney cells and induce cell injury with subsequent fibrosis. These data could explain both acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients and the development of chronic kidney disease in long COVID. COVID-19 patients present tubulo-interstitial kidney fibrosis compared with controls SARS-CoV-2 infection stimulates profibrotic signaling in human kidney organoids SARS-CoV-2 infection can be inhibited by a protease blocker in human kidney organoids
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4
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Vriend J, Hoogstraten CA, Venrooij KR, van den Berge BT, Govers LP, van Rooij A, Huigen MCDG, Schirris TJJ, Russel FGM, Masereeuw R, Wilmer MJ. Organic anion transporters 1 and 3 influence cellular energy metabolism in renal proximal tubule cells. Biol Chem 2020; 400:1347-1358. [PMID: 30653465 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Organic anion transporters (OATs) 1 and 3 are, besides being uptake transporters, key in several cellular metabolic pathways. The underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Hence, we used human conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cells (ciPTEC) overexpressing OAT1 or OAT3 to gain insight into these mechanisms. In ciPTEC-OAT1 and -OAT3, extracellular lactate levels were decreased (by 77% and 71%, respectively), while intracellular ATP levels remained unchanged, suggesting a shift towards an oxidative phenotype upon OAT1 or OAT3 overexpression. This was confirmed by increased respiration of ciPTEC-OAT1 and -OAT3 (1.4-fold), a decreased sensitivity to respiratory inhibition, and characterized by a higher demand on mitochondrial oxidative capacity. In-depth profiling of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites revealed reduced levels of intermediates converging into α-ketoglutarate in ciPTEC-OAT1 and -OAT3, which via 2-hydroxyglutarate metabolism explains the increased respiration. These interactions with TCA cycle metabolites were in agreement with metabolomic network modeling studies published earlier. Further studies using OAT or oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitors confirmed our idea that OATs are responsible for increased use and synthesis of α-ketoglutarate. In conclusion, our results indicate an increased α-ketoglutarate efflux by OAT1 and OAT3, resulting in a metabolic shift towards an oxidative phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Vriend
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte A Hoogstraten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Systems Biology and Bioenergetics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin R Venrooij
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bartholomeus T van den Berge
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Larissa P Govers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arno van Rooij
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen C D G Huigen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom J J Schirris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Systems Biology and Bioenergetics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Systems Biology and Bioenergetics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiteitsweg 99, NL-3584CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J Wilmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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5
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Vriend J, Nieskens TTG, Vormann MK, van den Berge BT, van den Heuvel A, Russel FGM, Suter-Dick L, Lanz HL, Vulto P, Masereeuw R, Wilmer MJ. Screening of Drug-Transporter Interactions in a 3D Microfluidic Renal Proximal Tubule on a Chip. AAPS J 2018; 20:87. [PMID: 30051196 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug-transporter interactions could impact renal drug clearance and should ideally be detected in early stages of drug development to avoid toxicity-related withdrawals in later stages. This requires reliable and robust assays for which current high-throughput screenings have, however, poor predictability. Kidney-on-a-chip platforms have the potential to improve predictability, but often lack compatibility with high-content detection platforms. Here, we combined conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cells overexpressing organic anion transporter 1 (ciPTEC-OAT1) with the microfluidic titer plate OrganoPlate to develop a screenings assay for renal drug-transporter interactions. In this platform, apical localization of F-actin and intracellular tight-junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) indicated appropriate cell polarization. Gene expression levels of the drug transporters organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1; SLC22A6), organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2; SLC22A2), P-glycoprotein (P-gp; ABCB1), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 and 4 (MRP2/4; ABCC2/4) were similar levels to 2D static cultures. Functionality of the efflux transporters P-gp and MRP2/4 was studied as proof-of-concept for 3D assays using calcein-AM and 5-chloromethylfluorescein-diacetate (CMFDA), respectively. Confocal imaging demonstrated a 4.4 ± 0.2-fold increase in calcein accumulation upon P-gp inhibition using PSC833. For MRP2/4, a 3.0 ± 0.2-fold increased accumulation of glutathione-methylfluorescein (GS-MF) was observed upon inhibition with a combination of PSC833, MK571, and KO143. Semi-quantitative image processing methods for P-gp and MRP2/4 was demonstrated with corresponding Z'-factors of 0.1 ± 0.3 and 0.4 ± 0.1, respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrate a 3D microfluidic PTEC model valuable for screening of drug-transporter interactions that further allows multiplexing of endpoint read-outs for drug-transporter interactions and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Vriend
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (149), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom T G Nieskens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (149), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bartholomeus T van den Berge
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (149), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (149), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Suter-Dick
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J Wilmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (149), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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