1
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Ou Y, Chu GCY, Lyu J, Yin L, Lim A, Zhai N, Cui X, Lewis MS, Edderkaoui M, Pandol SJ, Wang R, Zhang Y. Overcoming Resistance in Prostate Cancer Therapy Using a DZ-Simvastatin Conjugate. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:873-882. [PMID: 38229228 PMCID: PMC11025579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC), particularly its metastatic castration-resistant form (mCRPC), is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men in the Western world. Traditional systemic treatments, including hormonal therapy and chemotherapy, offer limited effectiveness due to tumors' inherent resistance to these therapies. Moreover, they often come with significant side effects. We have developed a delivery method using a tumor-cell-specific heptamethine carbocyanine dye (DZ) designed to transport therapeutic agents directly to tumor cells. This research evaluated simvastatin (SIM) as the antitumor payload because of its demonstrated chemopreventive effects on human cancers and its well-documented safety profile. We designed and synthesized a DZ-SIM conjugate for tumor cell targeting. PC cell lines and xenograft tumor models were used to assess tumor-cell targeting specificity and killing activity and to investigate the corresponding mechanisms. DZ-SIM treatment effectively killed PC cells regardless of their androgen receptor status or inherent therapeutic resistance. The conjugate targeted and suppressed xenograft tumor formation without harming normal cells of the host. In cancer cells, DZ-SIM was enriched in subcellular organelles, including mitochondria, where the conjugate formed adducts with multiple proteins and caused the loss of transmembrane potential, promoting cell death. The DZ-SIM specifically targets PC cells and their mitochondria, resulting in a loss of mitochondrial function and cell death. With a unique subcellular targeting strategy, the conjugate holds the potential to outperform existing chemotherapeutic drugs. It presents a novel strategy to circumvent therapeutic resistance, offering a more potent treatment for mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ou
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Gina Chia-Yi Chu
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Ji Lyu
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Liyuan Yin
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Adrian Lim
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Ning Zhai
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Michael S. Lewis
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90073, United States
| | - Mouad Edderkaoui
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Ruoxiang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
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2
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Muhammad Usama S, Gao Z, Arancillo M, Burgess K. Cytotoxicities of Tumor-Seeking Dyes: Impact on Future Clinical Trials. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200561. [PMID: 36630600 PMCID: PMC10010615 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Heptamethine (Cy7) dyes with meso-Cl substituents injected intravenously (iv) into mice accumulate in tumors and persist there over several days. We believe this occurs via meso-Cl displacement by the only free cysteine residues of albumin; therefore, conjugating tumor-seeking dyes with fragments can increase selective therapeutic delivery to tumors and drug residence. This strategy has elevated significance recently because the first tumor-seeking dye-drug conjugate has moved into clinical trials. Options for further clinical research include modifying the dye, and use of preformed albumin adducts instead of dyes alone. Herein we show correlations of cytotoxicities, lipophilicities, organelle localization, apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, wound healing/migration assays, and reactivities/affinities with human serum albumin are difficult to observe. However, our studies arrived at an important conclusion: preformed dye-drug-HSA adducts are less cytotoxic, and therefore preferable for subsequent clinical work, relative to direct injection of meso-Cl-containing forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Usama
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Zhe Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Maritess Arancillo
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA
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3
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Cai Z, Yu J, Hu J, Sun K, Liu M, Gu D, Chen J, Xu Y, He X, Wei W, Wang Z, Sun B. Three near-infrared and lysosome-targeting probes for photodynamic therapy (PDT). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 286:122027. [PMID: 36323089 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lysosome, an organelle which contains a number of hydrolases and hydrogen ions, plays a crucial role in cellular survival and apoptosis. If selectively destroy lysosomes membrane, inner hydrolases and hydrogen ions will leak and induce cell death. In this work, three lysosome-targeting fluorescent probes (HCL 1-3, heptamethine cyanine lysosomal-targeting probe) were designed, synthesized and developed for photodynamic therapy. Piperazine and N, N-dimethyl structures made HCL 1-3 have good lysosome targeting ability while Pearson's correlation coefficients reached 0.85, 0.87 and 0.78. It can be concluded from MTT test, HCL 1-3 have high photo cytotoxicity and low dark cytotoxicity from MTT test. Calcein/PI staining assays also supported cytotoxicity of HCL 1-3 under light conditions. In vivo experiments, HCL 2 accumulated in tumor and a strong fluorescence signal was observed at 12 h post injection. All results showed that our experiments provide help and new ideas for cyanine dyes in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoer Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Jiaying Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Jinzhong Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Kai Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Dihai Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Xiaofan He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Wanying Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Zining Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Baiwang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China.
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4
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Yi X, Wang Z, Hu X, Yu A. Affinity probes based on small-molecule inhibitors for tumor imaging. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1028493. [PMID: 36387103 PMCID: PMC9647038 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1028493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods for molecular imaging of target areas, including optical imaging, radionuclide imaging, magnetic resonance imaging and other imaging technologies, are helpful for the early diagnosis and precise treatment of cancers. In addition to cancer management, small-molecule inhibitors are also used for developing cancer target probes since they act as the tight-binding ligands of overexpressed proteins in cancer cells. This review aims to summarize the structural designs of affinity probes based on small-molecule inhibitors from the aspects of the inhibitor, linker, dye and radionuclide, and discusses the influence of the modification of these structures on affinity and pharmacokinetics. We also present examples of inhibitor affinity probes in clinical applications, and these summaries will provide insights for future research and clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiang Hu
- *Correspondence: Aixi Yu, ; Xiang Hu,
| | - Aixi Yu
- *Correspondence: Aixi Yu, ; Xiang Hu,
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5
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Ou Y, Wang R, Chu GCY, Elmadbouh OHM, Lim A, Chung LWK, Edderkaoui M, Zhang Y, Pandol SJ. Novel DZ-SIM Conjugate Targets Cancer Mitochondria and Prolongs Survival in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022; 5:2200021. [PMID: 36590644 PMCID: PMC9797106 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a disease with no effective therapeutics. We have developed a novel targeted therapy drug consisting of a tumor-targeting ligand, near-infrared (NIR) organic heptamethine carbocyanine dye (HMCD), and HMG-CoA inhibitor simvastatin (SIM), and assessed its efficacy in PDAC. PDAC cell specific targeting of DZ-SIM was measured by determining the fluorescence in cells and animals. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and functions were measured by Seahorse and flow cytometry, respectively. Apoptosis was assessed by DNA fragmentation, AnnexinV/Propidium Iodide staining, and TUNEL. Markers of cell invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and cancer stemness were measured. The effect of DZ-SIM on survival, tumor growth and metastasis was measured in the Krasþ/LSLG12D;Trp53þ/LSLR172H;Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) transgenic mice and in syngeneic and subcutaneous PDAC models. NIR fluorescence imaging showed specific localization of DZ-SIM to cancer, but not to normal cells and tissues. DZ-SIM significantly inhibited tumor growth and re-sensitized therapeutically resistant PDAC cells to conventional therapies. DZ-SIM killed cancer cells through unique pathways involving decreasing mitochondrial bioenergetics, including oxygen consumption and ATP production, and increasing ROS production. Mitochondrial depletion prevented the effect of DZ-SIM. Administration of DZ-SIM in 3 PDAC animal models resulted in a marked increase in survival and a decrease in tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ou
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- 2nd affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ruoxiang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gina Chia-Yi Chu
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Omer Hany Miligy Elmadbouh
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Adrian Lim
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Leland Wei-Kuo Chung
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mouad Edderkaoui
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biomedical Science, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- University of California at Los Angeles, California
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stephen Jacob Pandol
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biomedical Science, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- University of California at Los Angeles, California
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6
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Medeiros NG, Braga CA, Câmara VS, Duarte RC, Rodembusch FS. Near‐infrared fluorophores based on heptamethine cyanine dyes: from their synthesis and photophysical properties to recent optical sensing and bioimaging applications. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natália G Medeiros
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Organic Chemistry Av. Bento Goncalves 9500. Bairro Agronomia 91501-970 Porto Alegre BRAZIL
| | - Cláudia A. Braga
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Organic Chemistry Av. Bento Goncalves 9500. Bairro Agronomia 91501-970 Porto Alegre BRAZIL
| | - Viktor S Câmara
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Organic Chemistry Av. Bento Goncalves 9500. Bairro Agronomia 91501-970 Porto Alegre BRAZIL
| | - Rodrigo C Duarte
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Organic Chemistry Av. Bento Goncalves 9500. Bairro Agronomia 91501-970 Porto Alegre BRAZIL
| | - Fabiano Severo Rodembusch
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Organic Chemistry Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500Bairro Agronomia 91501-970 Porto Alegre BRAZIL
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7
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Cooper E, Choi PJ, Denny WA, Jose J, Dragunow M, Park TIH. The Use of Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes as Drug-Conjugate Systems in the Treatment of Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:654921. [PMID: 34141613 PMCID: PMC8204086 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.654921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective cancer therapeutics for brain tumors must be able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the tumor in adequate quantities and overcome the resistance conferred by the local tumor microenvironment. Clinically approved chemotherapeutic agents have been investigated for brain neoplasms, but despite their effectiveness in peripheral cancers, failed to show therapeutic success in brain tumors. This is largely due to their poor bioavailability and specificity towards brain tumors. A targeted delivery system might improve the efficacy of the candidate compounds by increasing the retention time in the tumor tissue, and minimizing the numerous side effects associated with the non-specific distribution of the chemotherapy agent. Heptamethine cyanine dyes (HMCDs) are a class of near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) compounds that have recently emerged as promising agents for drug delivery. Initially explored for their use in imaging and monitoring neoplasms, their tumor-targeting properties have recently been investigated for their use as drug carrier systems. This review will explore the recent developments in the tumour-targeting properties of a specific group of NIRF cyanine dyes and the preclinical evidence for their potential as drug-delivery systems in the treatment of primary and metastatic brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cooper
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter J. Choi
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - William A. Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jiney Jose
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mike Dragunow
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Hugh Green Biobank, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas I.-H. Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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8
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Yue X, Dai Z. Cyanine conjugates in cancer theranostics. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:794-809. [PMID: 33024900 PMCID: PMC7528000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanine is a meritorious fluorogenic core for the construction of fluorescent probes and its phototherapeutic potential has been enthusiastically explored as well. Alternatively, the covalent conjugation of cyanine with other potent therapeutic agents not only boosts its therapeutic efficacy but also broadens its therapeutic modality. Herein, we summarize miscellaneous cyanine-therapeutic agent conjugates in cancer theranostics from literature published between 2014 and 2020. The application scenarios of such theranostic cyanine conjugates covered common cancer therapeutic modalities, including chemotherapy, phototherapy and targeted therapy. Besides, cyanine conjugates that serve as nanocarriers for drug delivery are introduced as well. In an additional section, we analyze the potential of these conjugates for clinical translation. Overall, this review is aimed to stimulate research interest in exploring unattempted therapeutic agents and novel conjugation strategies and hopefully, accelerate clinical translation in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiuli Yue
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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9
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Teh J, Tripathi M, Reichel D, Sagong B, Montoya R, Zhang Y, Wagner S, Saouaf R, Chung LWK, Perez JM. Intraoperative assessment and postsurgical treatment of prostate cancer tumors using tumor-targeted nanoprobes. Nanotheranostics 2021; 5:57-72. [PMID: 33391975 PMCID: PMC7738944 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.50095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful visualization of prostate cancer (PCa) tumor margins during surgery remains a major challenge. The visualization of these tumors during surgery via near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging would greatly enhance surgical resection, minimizing tumor recurrence and improving outcome. Furthermore, chemotherapy is typically administered to patients after surgery to treat any missed tumor tissue around the surgical area, minimizing metastasis and increasing patient survival. For these reasons, a theranostics fluorescent nanoparticle could be developed to assist in the visualization of PCa tumor margins, while also delivering chemotherapeutic drug after surgery. Methods: Ferumoxytol (FMX) conjugated to the fluorescent dye and PCa targeting agent, heptamethine carbocyanine (HMC), yielded the HMC-FMX nanoprobe that was tested in vitro with various PCa cell lines and in vivo with both subcutaneous and orthotopic PCa mouse models. Visualization of these tumors via NIRF imaging after administration of HMC-FMX was performed. In addition, delivery of chemotherapeutic drug and their effect on tumor growth was also assessed. Results: HMC-FMX internalized into PCa cells, labeling these cells and PCa tumors in mice with near infrared fluorescence, facilitating tumor margin visualization. HMC-FMX was also able to deliver drugs to these tumors, reducing cell migration and slowing down tumor growth. Conclusion: HMC-FMX specifically targeted PCa tumors in mice allowing for the visualization of tumor margins by NIRF imaging. Furthermore, delivery of anticancer drugs by HMC-FMX effectively reduced prostate tumor growth and reduced cell migration in vitro. Thus, HMC-FMX can potentially translate into the clinic as a nanotheranostics agent for the intraoperative visualization of PCa tumor margins, and post-operative treatment of tumors with HMC-FMX loaded with anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Teh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Manisha Tripathi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Current address: Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Derek Reichel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Bien Sagong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ricardo Montoya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Shawn Wagner
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Rola Saouaf
- S. Mark Taper Foundation Imaging Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Leland W K Chung
- Department of Medicine, Uro-Oncology Research Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - J Manuel Perez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,S. Mark Taper Foundation Imaging Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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10
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Choi PJ, Park TI, Cooper E, Dragunow M, Denny WA, Jose J. Heptamethine Cyanine Dye Mediated Drug Delivery: Hype or Hope. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1724-1739. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Choi
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Thomas I−H. Park
- Department of Pharmacology & The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag
92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth Cooper
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology & The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag
92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mike Dragunow
- Department of Pharmacology & The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag
92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - William A. Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jiney Jose
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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11
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Zhao Y, Zhang H, Wu P, Tan D, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Bai B, An J, Shi C. Mediated Imaging and Improved Targeting of Farnesylthiosalicylic Acid Delivery for Pancreatic Cancer via Conjugation with Near-Infrared Fluorescence Heptamethine Carbocyanine Dye. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1129-1138. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhao
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - He Zhang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Pengpeng Wu
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Dengxu Tan
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Caiqin Zhang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Bing Bai
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Jiaze An
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Changhong Shi
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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12
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Usama SM, Park GK, Nomura S, Baek Y, Choi HS, Burgess K. Role of Albumin in Accumulation and Persistence of Tumor-Seeking Cyanine Dyes. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:248-259. [PMID: 31909595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Some heptamethine cyanine dyes accumulate in solid tumors in vivo and persist there for several days. The reasons why they accumulate and persist in tumors were incompletely defined, but explanations based on uptake into cancer cells via organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) have been widely discussed. All cyanine-based "tumor-seeking dyes" have a chloride centrally placed on the heptamethine bridge (a "meso-chloride"). We were intrigued and perplexed by the correlation between this particular functional group and tumor uptake, so the following study was designed. It features four dyes (1-Cl, 1-Ph, 5-Cl, and 5-Ph) with complementary properties. Dye 1-Cl is otherwise known as MHI-148, and 1-Ph is a close analog wherein the meso-chloride has been replaced by a phenyl group. Data presented here shows that both 1-Cl and 1-Ph form noncovalent adducts with albumin, but only 1-Cl can form a covalent one. Both dyes 5-Cl and 5-Ph have a methylene (CH2) unit replaced by a dimethylammonium functionality (N+Me2). Data presented here shows that both these dyes 5 do not form tight noncovalent adducts with albumin, and only 5-Cl can form a covalent one (though much more slowly than 1-Cl). In tissue culture experiments, uptake of dyes 1 is more impacted by the albumin in the media than by the pan-OATP uptake inhibitor (BSP) that has been used to connect uptake of tumor-seeking dyes in vivo with the OATPs. Uptake of 1-Cl in media containing fluorescein-labeled albumin gave a high degree of colocalization of intracellular fluorescence. No evidence was found for the involvement of OATPs in uptake of the dyes into cells in media containing albumin. In an in vivo tumor model, only the two dyes that can form albumin adducts (1-Cl and 5-Cl) gave intratumor fluorescence that persisted long enough to be clearly discerned over the background (∼4 h); this fluorescence was still observed at 48 h. Tumors could be imaged with a higher contrast if 5-Cl is used instead of 1-Cl, because 5-Cl is cleared more rapidly from healthy tissues. Overall, the evidence is consistent with in vitro and in vivo results and indicates that the two dyes in the test series that accumulate in tumors and persist there (1-Cl and 5-Cl, true tumor-seeking dyes) do so as covalent albumin adducts trapped in tumor tissue via uptake by some cancer cells and via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Usama
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A & M University , College Station , Texas 77842 , United States
| | - G Kate Park
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Shinsuke Nomura
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Yoonji Baek
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A & M University , College Station , Texas 77842 , United States
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13
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Wang D, Zhou K, Zhang J, Zhao Y. Rhodium( iii)-catalyzed carboxylate-directed ortho-selective thiolation of benzoic acids. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00940g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A rhodium-catalyzed carboxylate-directed thiolation reaction has been developed for constructing C–S bonds on benzoic acids, and the key precursor of roflumilast can be furnished via this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Kehan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- College of Energy
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215006
- China
| | - Yingsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
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14
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Guan Y, Zhang Y, Zou J, Huang LP, Chordia MD, Yue W, Wu JJ, Pan DF. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Genistein-IR783 Conjugate: Cancer Cell Targeted Delivery in MCF-7 for Superior Anti-Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224120. [PMID: 31739548 PMCID: PMC6891397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavonoid-based natural product genistein is a biologically active compound possessing promising anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. Poor pharmacokinetics along with low potency limit however the therapeutic application of genistein in cancer therapy. In order to overcome those limitations and to expand its therapeutic window of efficacy, we sought to covalently attach genistein with a heptamethine cyanine dye—IR 783—for cancer cell targeting and enhanced delivery to tumors. Herein we report the synthesis, a selective detailed characterization and preliminary in vitro/in vivo biological evaluation of genistein-IR 783 conjugate 4. The conjugate 4 displayed improved potency against human breast cancer MCF-7 cells (10.4 ± 1.0 μM) as compared with the parent genistein (24.8 ± 0.5 μM) or IR 783 (25.7 ± 0.7 μM) and exhibited selective high uptake in MCF-7 as against the normal mammary gland MCF-10A cells in various assays. In the cell viability assay, conjugate 4 exhibited over threefold lower potency against MCF-10A cells (32.1 ± 1.1 μM) suggesting that the anti-cancer profile of parent genistein is significantly improved upon conjugation with the dye IR783. Furthermore, the genistein-IR783 conjugate 4 was shown to be especially accumulated in MCF-7 cancer cells by fluorescent intensity measurements and inverted fluorescence microscopy in fixed cells as well as in live cells with time via live cell confocal fluorescence imaging. The mechanism-based uptake inhibition of conjugate 4 was observed with OATPs inhibitor BSP and in part with amiloride, as a macropinocytosis inhibitor. For the first time we have shown amiloride inhibited uptake of cyanine dye by about ~40%. Finally, genistein-IR 783 conjugate 4 was shown to be localized in MCF-7 tumor xenografts of mice breast cancer model via in vivo near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging. In conclusion, conjugation of genistein with cyanine dye IR783 indeed improved its pharmacological profile by cancer cell selective uptake and targeting and therefore warrants further investigations as a new anti-cancer therapeutics derived from natural product genistein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China; (Y.G.); (L.-P.H.)
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China;
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Juan Zou
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China;
| | - Li-Ping Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China; (Y.G.); (L.-P.H.)
| | - Mahendra D. Chordia
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Wei Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
| | - Jin-Jun Wu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China;
- Correspondence: (J.-J.W.); (D.-F.P.); +86-159-1435-8366 (J.-J.W.); Tel.: +1-(434)-243-2893 (D.-F.P.)
| | - Dong-Feng Pan
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.D.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.-J.W.); (D.-F.P.); +86-159-1435-8366 (J.-J.W.); Tel.: +1-(434)-243-2893 (D.-F.P.)
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15
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Xiao L, Huang R, Zhang Y, Li T, Dai J, Nannapuneni N, Chastanet TR, Chen M, Shen FH, Jin L, Dorn HC, Li X. A New Formyl Peptide Receptor-1 Antagonist Conjugated Fullerene Nanoparticle for Targeted Treatment of Degenerative Disc Diseases. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:38405-38416. [PMID: 31556594 PMCID: PMC6935051 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration associated back pain is the most common cause of disability worldwide; however, no safe and effective treatments have been available. Here, we report a new functionalized nanofullerene conjugated with a peptide that binds specifically to a formyl peptide receptor-1 (FPR-1) expressed on activated macrophages. The new nanoparticle (aka FT-C60) was synthesized by conjugating carboxyl-C60 with the primary amine group of the peptide with a fluorescence dye for easy detection. The new nanoparticle was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and gel electrophoresis. It possessed effective radical (hydroxyl and superoxide anions) scavenging capabilities in electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. In cultured cells, the nanoparticle FT-C60 demonstrated preferential binding to FPR-1 on activated macrophages and significantly attenuated mRNA expressions of proinflammatory factors including interleukin-6, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and cyclooxygenase-2. In vivo animal studies exhibited that a single intravenous injection of FT-C60 effectively alleviated pain in an established mouse model of radiculopathy for up to post-operation day (POD) 12. Ex vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging of the mouse spine confirmed the targeting property of FT-C60 toward the injured disc on POD 14. Quantitative analysis of histological staining on spine sections showed that nanoparticle FT-C60 dramatically reduced inflammation at the local injury site compared to injury only on POD 7. In summary, we developed a novel targeted nanoparticle for treatment of lumbar radiculopathy by systemic delivery. This is a first-of-its-kind study for developing a novel class of targeted and systemic nanoparticle therapeutics to treat degenerative disc diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Tinghui Li
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 United States
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Naga Nannapuneni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Timothy R. Chastanet
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Matthew Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Francis H. Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Harry C. Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 United States
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, United States
- Corresponding Authors. Tel: 540-526-2049 (H.C.D.), . Tel: 1-434-924-5937. Fax: 1-434-924-1691 (X.L.)
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
- Corresponding Authors. Tel: 540-526-2049 (H.C.D.), . Tel: 1-434-924-5937. Fax: 1-434-924-1691 (X.L.)
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16
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Usama SM, Jiang Z, Pflug K, Sitcheran R, Burgess K. Conjugation of Dasatinib with MHI-148 Has a Significant Advantageous Effect in Viability Assays for Glioblastoma Cells. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1575-1579. [PMID: 31322832 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that conjugation of the near-infrared dye MHI-148 with the anti-leukemia drug dasatinib might produce a potential theranostic for glioblastoma. In fact, the conjugate was found to bind the kinases Src and Lyn, and to inhibit the viability of a glioblastoma cell line with significantly greater potency than dasatinib alone, MHI-148 alone, or a mixture of dasatinib and MHI-148 at the same concentration. It was also used to successfully image a subcutaneous glioblastoma tumor in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Usama
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX, 77842, USA
| | - Zhengyang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX, 77842, USA
| | - Kathryn Pflug
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Raquel Sitcheran
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX, 77842, USA
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17
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Kulikov OA, Ageev VP, Marochkina EE, Dolgacheva IS, Minayeva OV, Inchina VI. Efficacy of liposomal dosage forms and hyperosmolar salines in experimental pharmacotherapy of acute lung injury. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.5.35529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hypertonic sodium chloride solutions and liposomal drugs with pulmotropic effect are of great interest for the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI). The results of the studies on the efficacy of hypertonic solutions and liposomes in ALI treatment are currently controversial.Materials and methods: For the experiment, liposomes with dexamethasone, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), aprotinin and dye Cyanine-7 (Cy-7) were obtained. A liposome analysis was performed by means of spectrophotometry. ALI was modeled in rats by the administration of the damaging agents into the trachea. The experimental agents were injected once intravenously after the modeling of ALI. For experimental therapy used liposomal agents, 7.5% hypertonic saline (HS) and HyperHAES solutions in the respective groups. The efficacy of the therapy was assessed by the survival of animals, functional indicators of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and by the lung-body ratio. The biodistribution of liposomes after intravenous administration was investigated in mice through using a fluorescent dye Cy-7. The biodistribution of liposomes with Cy-7 was assessed using bioimaging according to the fluorescence intensity of internal organs (lungs, liver, and kidneys) and blood, expressed as dye concentration according to the calibration dependence of dye concentrarion on fluorescence intensity.Results and discussion: All the studied liposomal drugs were effective for the pharmacological correction of ALI. Hypertonic solutions, unlike liposomal drugs, were less likely to prevent the development of pulmonary edema. All the studied therapeutic agents increased the survival rate of the laboratory animals with ALI. The most effective experimental agent was liposomal dexamethasone. The use of drugs in form of simple liposomes with average diameter of 350 nm provided for a higher concentration of the drug in the lungs within the first 40 minutes after intravenous administration.Conclusion: Intravenous administration of liposomal forms is promising for the pharmacotherapy of acute lung injury.
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18
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Abstract
Kinase inhibitors (KIs) have had a huge impact on clinical treatment of various cancers, but they are far from perfect medicines. In particular, their efficacies are limited to certain cancer types and, in many cases, provide only temporary remission. This paper explores the possibility of covalently binding a fluorophore for in vivo optical imaging to the KI dasatinib where the particular fluorophore chosen for this study, a heptamethine cyanine (Cy) derivative, tends to accumulate in tumors. Thus, we hypothesized that the dasatinib-fluorophore conjugate might target tumor cells more effectively than the parent KI, give enhanced suppression of viability, and simultaneously serve as a probe for optical imaging. As far as we are aware, the dasatinib conjugate (1) is the first reported to contain this KI and a probe for near-IR imaging, and it is certainly the first conjugate of a tumor-targeting near-IR dye and a KI of any kind. Conjugate 1 suppressed the viability of liver cancer cells (HepG2) more effectively than dasatinib at the same concentration. In scratch assays, 1 prevented regrowth of the tumor cells. Conjugate 1 is cell permeable, and confocal imaging indicates the fluorescence of those cells is concentrated in the mitochondria than lysosomes. In general, this study suggests there is untapped potential for conjugates of KIs with tumor-targeting near-IR dyes in the development of theranostics for optical imaging and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Usama
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Bosheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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19
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Tikhomirova AA, Tcyrulnikov NA, Wilson RM. Aerobic Oxidation of in Situ Generated Cyanine Dyes Leading to DNA Damage. Org Lett 2019; 21:1449-1452. [PMID: 30763104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage induced by noncatalytic aerobic oxidation of pyridinocyanine dyes is described. The dyes are generated in situ during spontaneous oxidations of tetrakis- and bis( N-methylpyridin-4-ium)alkane salts. The mechanism of aerobic oxidation of the latter compound is proposed, and a rare direct catalyst-free transition from saturated alkane to a gem-diol is demonstrated. Thermal DNA oxidation by cyanine dyes has potential in ROS-based cancer treatment and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia A Tikhomirova
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Chemistry Department , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio 43403 , United States
| | - Nikolai A Tcyrulnikov
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Chemistry Department , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio 43403 , United States
| | - R Marshall Wilson
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Chemistry Department , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio 43403 , United States
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20
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Lin CM, Usama SM, Burgess K. Site-Specific Labeling of Proteins with Near-IR Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes. Molecules 2018; 23:E2900. [PMID: 30405016 PMCID: PMC6278338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Convenient labeling of proteins is important for observing its function under physiological conditions. In tissues particularly, heptamethine cyanine dyes (Cy-7) are valuable because they absorb in the near-infrared (NIR) region (750⁻900 nm) where light penetration is maximal. In this work, we found Cy-7 dyes with a meso-Cl functionality covalently binding to proteins with free Cys residues under physiological conditions (aqueous environments, at near neutral pH, and 37 °C). It transpired that the meso-Cl of the dye was displaced by free thiols in protein, while nucleophilic side-chains from amino acids like Tyr, Lys, and Ser did not react. This finding shows a new possibility for convenient and selective labeling of proteins with NIR fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Syed Muhammad Usama
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Molecular entities that localize in tumor tissue are clinically important for targeted delivery of diagnostic, imaging, and therapeutic reagents. Often these targeting entities are designed for specific receptors (e.g., EGFR or integrin receptors). However, there is a subset of cyanine-7 dyes that apparently localize in every type of solid tumor tissue (at least, no exceptions have been reported so far), and they persist there for several days. Consequently, these dyes can be used for near-IR optical imaging of tumors in animal studies, they can be conjugated with cytotoxic species to give experimental theranostics, and there is potential for expanding their use into the development of clinically useful derivatives. Data presented in the literature and in this work indicate that the half-lives of these compounds in serum at 37 °C is on the order of minutes to a few hours, so what accounts for the persistent fluorescence of these dyes in tumor tissue over periods of several days? Literature, solely based on tissue culture experiments featuring a particular receptor blocker, indicates that uptake of these dyes is mediated by the organic anion transporter proteins (OATPs). Data presented in this paper agrees with that conclusion for short-term uptake, but significantly expands understanding of the likely reasons for long-term uptake and persistent tumor localization in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Usama
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University , Box 30012, College Station , Texas 77842 , United States
| | - Chen-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University , Box 30012, College Station , Texas 77842 , United States
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University , Box 30012, College Station , Texas 77842 , United States
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22
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Usama SM, Thavornpradit S, Burgess K. Optimized Heptamethine Cyanines for Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:1195-1205. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Usama
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Sopida Thavornpradit
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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23
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Zhang C, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Chen X, Zhao N, Tan D, Zhang H, Shi C. The Application of Heptamethine Cyanine Dye DZ-1 and Indocyanine Green for Imaging and Targeting in Xenograft Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1332. [PMID: 28635650 PMCID: PMC5486152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging has strong potential for widespread use in noninvasive tumor imaging. Indocyanine green (ICG) is the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA) -approved NIRF dye for clinical diagnosis; however, it is unstable and poorly targets tumors. DZ-1 is a novel heptamethine cyanine NIRF dye, suitable for imaging and tumor targeting. Here, we compared the fluorescence intensity and metabolism of DZ-1 and ICG. Additionally, we assayed their specificities and abilities to target tumor cells, using cultured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, a nude mouse subcutaneous xenograft model of liver cancer, and a rabbit orthotopic transplantation model. We found that DZ-1 accumulates in tumor tissue and specifically recognizes HCC in subcutaneous and orthotopic models. The NIRF intensity of DZ-1 was one order of magnitude stronger than that of ICG, and DZ-1 showed excellent intraoperative tumor targeting in the rabbit model. Importantly, ICG accumulated at tumor sites, as well as in the liver and kidney. Furthermore, DZ-1 analog-gemcitabine conjugate (NIRG) exhibited similar tumor-specific targeting and imaging properties, including inhibition of tumor growth, in HCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice. DZ-1 and NIRG demonstrated superior tumor-targeting specificity, compared to ICG. We show that DZ-1 is an effective molecular probe for specific imaging, targeting, and therapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqin Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - He Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Xue Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Ningning Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Dengxu Tan
- Laboratory Animal Center, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Hai Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Changhong Shi
- Laboratory Animal Center, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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